TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Aktuelle Diskussionen aus dem Fachbeirat der BAM N2 - Vor nun 30 Jahren im Jahre 1989 wurde die erste Zulassung für eine Kunststoffdichtungsbahn von der BAM auf der Grundlage des „Niedersächsischen Dichtungserlasses“ erteilt. Vor ungefähr 10 Jahren wurde die BAM mit dem Erscheinen der Deponieverordnung (DepV) mit der Zulassung von Geokunststoffen, Polymeren und Dichtungskontrollsystemen beauftragt. Wir möchten dies zum Anlass nehmen, an dieser Stelle den viele ehrenamtlichen Experten des Fachbeirats und seiner Arbeitsgruppen für ihren Einsatz und die Unterstützung zu danken. Darüber hinaus soll über aktuelle Arbeitsthemen und Entwicklungen im Fachbeirat berichtet werden. So soll in einer Sondersitzung des Fachbeirats über die Entlassung aus der Nachsorgephase beim Einsatz von Geokunststoffprodukten in Böschungen diskutiert werden. Es ist geplant, in einer Unterarbeitsgruppe eine Sitzung über die Fremdüber¬wachung in der Produktion abzuhalten. Darüber hinaus werden Änderungen in den Zulassungsrichtlinien für Kunststoff Dichtungsbahnen und Kunststoff Dränelemente kurz vorgestellt. In der Zwischenzeit wurde auch die abschließende Zulassungsrichtlinie für Geogitter verabschiedet. Neue Fragestellungen sind hier entstanden. Unter welchen Voraussetzungen können Geogitter in Zwischenabdichtungen eingesetzt werden. Bisher können diese Produkte formal nur in Oberflächenabdichtungen eingesetzt werden. Auch auf diese beiden Themen soll im Folgenden in Kürze eingegangen werden. T2 - 15. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 05.03.2019 KW - Geogitter KW - Deponie KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47492 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hamann, Christopher A1 - Spanka, M. A1 - Stolle, Dirk A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Auer, G. T1 - Rückgewinnung von Zink aus Stahlwerksstäuben durch gemeinsame Behandlung mit chloridhaltigen Reststoffen N2 - Dieser Vortrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines neuen chemischen Verfahrens, das in einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und der Ferro Duo GmbH entwickelt wird. Mit dem entwickelten Verfahren soll es ermöglicht werden, schwermetallhaltige Filterstäube und -schlämme, die als Abfälle während der Produktion von Roheisen und Rohstahl anfallen und die derzeit größtenteils deponiert werden, zu recyceln und die darin enthaltenen Wertstoffe (v.a. Eisen, Kohlenstoff und Zink) wieder in den Rohstoffkreislauf zurückzugeben. Dies wird durch eine Chlorierung der in den Filterstäuben und -schlämmen enthaltenen Schwermetalloxiden erreicht, die bei Temperaturen zwischen 650 und 1100 °C in Form von Schwermetallchloriden verdampft und so selektiv separiert werden. Erste experimentelle Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gehalte an Schwermetallen wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium um bis zu 99,7% reduziert werden können und die thermochemisch behandelten Filterstäube und -schlämme durch das Verfahren in sekundäre Rohstoffe für die Roheisenproduktion umgewandelt werden können. T2 - Berliner Recycling- und Rohstoffkonferenz 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.03.2019 KW - Zink KW - Recycling KW - Gichtgasschlamm KW - Elektroofenstaub KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47524 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nöller, Renate T1 - Scientific analysis of the Humboldt fragments N2 - The presented Humboldt Codices are from the early colonial period of Mexico and originate from different localities 1. typical indigen colors and mixtures: cochineal (red), indigo (blue and green), carbon (black), mangle, zacatlaxcalli, organic (brown, yellow)- critical! 2. colonial influence: iron gall ink for writing 3. single fragments belong together: are cut (fragments IX-XII), from Mizquahuala distributed (VII, XIII, XIV, [XV]) (VII, XIII in Mexico, XIV in Paris) T2 - Workshop: Manuscripta Americana: Aufarbeitung einer Sammlung; Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - PK CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14. Februar 2019 KW - Humboldt Codices KW - XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy KW - Dyes PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schliephake, H. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - CFK-Abfälle als Primärkohleersatz Im Lichtbogenofen bei der Stahlerzeugung N2 - CFK-Abfälle werden trotz der bestehenden Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung der Carbonfasern zukünftig vermehrt anfallen. Für diese Abfälle wird nach technischen Lösungen der energetischen oder stofflichen Verwertung gesucht. Eine Möglichkeit ist die Nutzung der CFK-Abfälle als Primärkohleersatz im Lichtbogenofen bei der Stahlherstellung. T2 - 3. Fachtagung Composite Recycling & LCA CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Carbonfaser KW - CFK PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47438 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Overview on the EMPIR Project "AEROMET" N2 - Overview on the ongoing EU EMPIR Project "AEROMET" Aerosol Metrology for Atmospheric Science and Air Quality, Overview on preliminary resuilts in Workpackages 3 "Calibration of MPSS and CPCs" and 4 "Quantifying airborne particle compositions in the field" T2 - Meeting des ISO TC24/SC4, Joint session of Working Groups 9 "Single particle light interaction methods" and 12 "Electrical mobility and number concentration analysis for aerosol particles" CY - Graz, Austria DA - 11.04.2019 KW - Ambient air pollution KW - EU EMPIR KW - Chemical analysis KW - Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy KW - Airborne Particles PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47820 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Hermann, Annett T1 - Investigation of methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) using simulated marine environments under flowing conditions N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of iron is usually attributed to sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) in offshore industries, such as the oil and gas pipelines, due to the high concentrations of sulfate in the seawater. SRM act upon the metal by the reactiveness of hydrogen sulfide (HS-), and by withdrawal of the available electrons (Fe --> Fe2+ + 2e-; E° = -0.47 V) in electrical contact with the metal (EMIC). However, methanogenic archaea can also cause MIC. Because they do not produce HS-, withdrawal of electrons may be their main corrosive mechanism; however, mechanistic details and kinetics of the overall process are poorly understood. To investigate the corrosion potential of methanogens, we studied the EMIC methanogenic strains isolated from marine sediments (Methanobacterium-affiliated strain IM1) and crude oil tanks (Methanococcus maripaludis Mic1c10), in an in-house developed flow-through cell to simulate a fluctuating environment. A co-culture of M. maripaludis and D. alaskensis was also established to study the effect of syntrophic growth on metal corrosion that may occur in industrial pipelines. Results indicate that the rates of iron corrosion due to coupled methanogenesis (up to 0.4 mm/yr) are higher to that caused by the marine SRM Desulfovibrio alaskensis (0.15 mm/yr). Surface analyses of the metal showed severe pitting with high methane production. Genomic analysis of the EMIC methanogen M. maripaludis Mic1c10 will provide an insight on the mechanisms of MIC. Such knowledge and deeper understanding also from an electrokinetic point of view may not only provide further models in microbial electrophysiology, but also contribute to mitigation strategies in MIC. T2 - VAAM- Annual Conference 2019 of the Association for General and Applied Microbiology CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 17.03.2019 KW - HI-Tension KW - MIC KW - Methanogens KW - Corrosion KW - Sulfate reducing bacteria PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Themenfeld Projekt MIC Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion N2 - Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (MIC) ist ein Themenfeldprojekt innerhalb der BAM. Das Spektrum der Materialien und der Organismen ist ernorm. In dem Themenfeldprojekt MIC wurden ausgewählte Bereiche tiefergehend untersucht. In der Präsentation werden die Hauptschwerpunkte dargestellt. T2 - Beirat Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.04.2019 KW - MIC KW - Kraftstoffabbau KW - Kraftstoffbehälter KW - Gesteinskorrosion KW - Metallkorrosion KW - HI-Tension PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47740 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Schadstoffe im Innenbereich – Fachhandel-, Baumarkt-, Bioprodukte: Nicht deklarierte Emissionen versus Verwendbarkeit - Eine Qual der Wahl! N2 - Es lässt sich feststellen, dass eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten freigesetzt werden kann. Hierbei gibt es in den meisten Bauproduktgruppen sowohl emissionsarme als auch emissionsreiche Produkte. Manche Verbindungen sind produktgruppenspezifisch; so werden beispielsweise Siloxane aus Silikondichtmassen freigesetzt, andere Verbindungen sind eher unspezifisch wie Formaldehyd und Essigsäure, die aber in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen aus einer Vielzahl von Produkten abgegeben werden und zu den am häufigsten emittierten Verbindungen zählen. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass VOC-Analytik und Gerüche im Allgemeinen keinen Zusammenhang zeigen. Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichem Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - AIBAU 2019 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 08.04.2019 KW - Innenraum KW - Luftschadstoffe KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emission PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47924 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Herrmann, Annett T1 - Investigation of methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) using simulated marine environments under flowing conditions N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of iron is usually attributed to sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) in offshore industries, such as the oil and gas pipelines, due to the high concentrations of sulfate in the seawater. SRM act upon the metal by the reactiveness of hydrogen sulfide (HS-), and by withdrawal of the available electrons (Fe --> Fe2+ + 2e-; E° = -0.47 V) in electrical contact with the metal (EMIC). However, methanogenic archaea can also cause MIC. Because they do not produce HS-, withdrawal of electrons may be their main corrosive mechanism; however, mechanistic details and kinetics of the overall process are poorly understood. To investigate the corrosion potential of methanogens, we studied the EMIC methanogenic strains isolated from marine sediments (Methanobacterium-affiliated strain IM1) and crude oil tanks (Methanococcus maripaludis Mic1c10), in an in-house developed flow-through cell to simulate a fluctuating environment. A co-culture of M. maripaludis and D. alaskensis was also established to study the effect of syntrophic growth on metal corrosion that may occur in industrial pipelines. Results indicate that the rates of iron corrosion due to coupled methanogenesis (up to 0.4 mm/yr) are higher to that caused by the marine SRM Desulfovibrio alaskensis (0.15 mm/yr). Surface analyses of the metal showed severe pitting with high methane production. Genomic analysis of the EMIC methanogen M. maripaludis Mic1c10 will provide an insight on the mechanisms of MIC. Such knowledge and deeper understanding also from an electrokinetic point of view may not only provide further models in microbial electrophysiology, but also contribute to mitigation strategies in MIC.zeige weniger T2 - Dechema CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.04.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion products KW - Methanogens KW - Sulfate reducing bacteria KW - Flow-system KW - Environmental simulation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47853 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Emission Testing for Indoor Products N2 - The chemical emissions from products are tested by means of emission test chambers under defined conditions (climate, loading, air change rate). The standard method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the sampling onto Tenax-tubes followed by thermal desorption (TDS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EU-LCI list includes some very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and some VOC for which there are limitations when using the standard method. For VVOC additional sampling is required using stronger absorbers like Carbotrap or multi-bed adsorption tubes. The analysis of VVOC also requires a different GC oven program and a different column for the separation. For the determination of formaldehyde and other low boiling aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, propenal) DNPH-cartridges are used which are extracted with acetonitrile followed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) analysis. The derivatisation of propenal and other unsaturated aldehydes (e.g. 2-butenal) with DNPH might lead to lower findings due to incomplete derivatization and forming of by-products. For a better quantification of acetic acid the use of ion chromatography (IC) is recommended because the analysis of acetic acid with the standard method (TDS) leads to lower findings due to break through during sampling. The use of ion chromatography for the analysis of organic acids requires a third sampling technique. The acids are adsorbed onto silica-gel and extracted with water. T2 - ISESISIAQ 2019 CY - Kaunas, Lituania DA - 18.08.2019 KW - Indoor Air Quality KW - Emission Testing KW - Indoor Products KW - VOC Emission KW - Construction Products PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Krom, I. A1 - Heikens, D. A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Baldan, A. T1 - CRMs for (semi-)VOCs in sorbent tubes N2 - EN 16516 sets the test method and requirements for the determination of emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from building materials into indoor air. To address the quality control requirements for the class of semi-VOCs (SVOCs), VSL developed gaseous reference materials. A novel home-made dynamic gas mixture preparation system, operating according to ISO 6145-4 (continuous injection method), has recently been developed and validated. Thanks to the stable temperature control up to 100 oC, the system can prevent condensation of the SVOCs in air at indoor air concentration levels. The in-situ obtained SVOC gas standards can be sampled in sorbent tubes to obtain SVOC transfer standards. A study was performed to determine the optimal sorbent material and storage conditions. This study will be presented together with the results of the 2018 Round Robin test for emission test chamber measurements organised by BAM. Using the novel system, VSL prepared transfer standards with known amounts of VOCs and SVOCs for participants to evaluate their analytical performance. T2 - Emissions and Odours from Materials CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 07.10.2019 KW - CRM KW - VOC transfer standards KW - Round robin test KW - Material emissions testing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49423 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pollakowski-Herrmann, Beatrix A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Gross, A. A1 - Kayser, Y. A1 - Osan, J. A1 - Stabile, L. A1 - Beckhoff, B. T1 - Quantitative elemental analysis of ambient aerosol particles using portable TXRF N2 - A reliable analysis of aerosol particle is curial for enforcing EU air quality regulations to protect human health, and for research on climate change effects [1]. Although metrics such as PM10 and PM2.5 are currently in use, the level of uncertainty of aerosol metrics is too high and the traceability is insufficient. Within the AEROMET project [2] procedures are developed aiming at reducing the uncertainties of particle mass, size, and number concentration measurements including the characterization of regulated components in airborne particles. Here, we present an approach how to improve the uncertainties of the particle mass by mobile total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis. The combination of TXRF and aerosols sampling techniques supported by reference-free synchrotron radiation-based XRF enables a quantitative real-time analysis of particle mass. During in-field campaigns, the procedure was tested, monitoring the size dependent mass concentrations of specific elements in ambient aerosols under dynamic conditions. This approach allows a direct time and size-resolved analysis without laborious digestion steps and a reduced risk of contamination. Aerosol particles were sampled in a 13-stage DLPI impactor on acrylic discs. TXRF analysis was performed on-site with the transportable spectrometer S2 PICOFOX (Bruker Nano GmbH). The TXRF quantification was based on internal standardization. At moderate air pollution levels (PM10 20 µg/m³) sampling times of less than 2 hours were enough to detect elements in different particle size bins. The on-site approach and the high sensitivity of TXRF enables the observation of rather quick changes in the quantity and distribution of elements in an ambient aerosol on the day of sampling. The analysis of the morning and afternoon sampling shifts reveals the occurrence of the elements Fe, Ca and Si in different size bins as well as their temporal change in respective mass concentrations over the day while the distributions of several other elements remain unchanged. T2 - 11th International Conference on “Instrumental Methods of Analysis” CY - Ioannina, Greece DA - 22.09.2019 KW - Air quality KW - Novel sample preparation techniques KW - Analytical chemistry KW - Metals PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49249 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Instruments for Fine and Ultrafine Particle Emission Characterization N2 - An overview on instruments and methods for the measurement and chemical characterization of particulate emissions from local sources is presented T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Aerosol spectroscopy KW - Particulate emission KW - Chemical analysis KW - Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy KW - Calibration PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Selection of low emittiong material for the construction of display cases based on the BEMMA procedure N2 - Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d 1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful immissions inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially high concentrations of organic acids, which can emit from e.g. sealing materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure witch is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. textiles, plastics, sealing material, coatings and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. The BEMMA scheme is not a guarantee for an emission free display case, but a necessary requirement for the choice of suitable materials for emission and immission reduced display cases. T2 - Materials Testing Symposium CY - New York City, USA DA - 06.11.2019 KW - Museum KW - Emission KW - Dispay case KW - BEMMA KW - VOC PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Formaldehydmessungen an Holzwerkstoffplatten N2 - Die von der BAM eingekauften Holzwerkstoffplatten (Verlegespanplatten, OSB, Multiplexplatten) verschiedener Hersteller zeigten teilweise hohe Formaldehyd-emissionen unter den Prüfbedingungen nach EN 16516, eine Spanplatte hielt den Grenzwert von 0,1 ppm selbst bei Prüfung nach DIN EN 717-1 nicht ein, dürfte also in Deutschland gar nicht in den Verkauf gelangen. Holzwerkstoffe, die unter den Prüfbedingungen der DIN EN 717-1 die Formaldehydklasse E1 einhalten, können insbesondere bei großflächigem Einsatz im Innenraum zu Überschreitungen des Richtwertes für die Innenraumluft führen. Zusätzlich zur Anpassung des Luftwechsels ist auch der Parameter Beladung bei einer Überarbeitung der Norm anzupassen. In der DIN EN 16516 werden produktspezifische (am Einsatz der Produkte orientierte) Beladungsfaktoren vorgegeben. Für den Einsatz von Holzwerkstoffplatten ergäben sich Beladungen von 0,4 (Boden oder Decke), 1,0 (Wände), 1,4 (Wände plus Boden oder Decke) und 1,8 m²/m³ (Wände, Boden und Decke). Um die realen Bedingungen in modernen Gebäuden abzubilden, ist deshalb eine Beladung von 1,8 m²/m³ für die Prüfkammermessung erforderlich. Hierbei ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass für die Beladung im Referenzraum Möbel nicht berücksichtigt wurden. Damit soll sichergestellt werden, dass die Einhaltung des Schutzniveaus bei realen Innenraumbedingungen auch unter den Randbedingungen eines niedrigen Luftwechsels sowie bei sommerlichen Bedingungen und heutigem Lüftungsverhalten der Menschen soweit wie möglich gewährleistet ist. T2 - 26. WaBoLu-Innenraumtage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.05.2019 KW - Formaldehyd KW - Emissionsprüfkammer KW - DIN EN 16516 KW - DIN EN 717-1 PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48065 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reger, Christian T1 - LA-ICP-MS- und RFA-Messungen für die Bestimmung von polybromierten Flammschutzmitteln(PBFSM) in Polystyrol- und Polypropylenproben N2 - Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umwelt-beständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe (polybromierte Flammschutzmittel) in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden. T2 - Kolloquium "Aquatische Ökologie" CY - Essen, Germany DA - 27.11.2019 KW - Umweltsimulation KW - PBFSM KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - RFA PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49975 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reger, Christian A1 - Westphalen, Tanja T1 - Environmental sustainability and –stability of materials concerning the migration of pollutants N2 - In addition to previously reported results on the accelerated weathering of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene samples (PP) containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006. For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected raining water the samples were prepared in accordance to a validated protocol. Before the analyses each sample was spiked with isotopically labeled BDE-209. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane. The obtained extracts were concentrated, and the resulting solutions were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, the total bromine content was monitored for the weathered and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as a non-destructive and rapid method. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated weathering will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments. Here, the surfaces of the test pieces were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and XRF as well. Moreover, soil bed tests were conducted in a well characterized model soil. This soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining basin inside of an air-conditioned cellar. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To induce a leaching process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. A defined humidity is a fundamental parameter for a biological activity in the soil. The test polymers were placed up to the half in the soil. Microbial activity of the soil is monitored by a reference polymer (polyurethane) and should induce the release of HBCD and BDE-209 out of the test materials. These released analytes will be captured by passive samplers (silicone tubes) placed in a distinct distance to the polymer samples in the soil. The soil bed experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil. T2 - Goldschmidt 2019 CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 18.08.2019 KW - Pollutants KW - Environmental simulation KW - Migration PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Forschungsprojekte an der BAM N2 - Übersicht über die laufenden Projekte der BAM mit Bezug zur Nano-Thematik. Der Fokus liegt auf der Entwicklung der OECD-Prüfrichtlinie zur Partikelgrößenverteilung und auf den Projekten, die einen Anknüpfungspunkt für die anderen Bundesoberbehörden bilden könnten. T2 - Behördenklausur zur Nanosicherheit 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.06.2019 KW - Bundesoberbehörden KW - Nano KW - Behördenklausurtagung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49575 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Regulatory Trends in the EU for Chemicals and Nanomaterials N2 - The presentation gives an overview on existing and upcoming REACH regulations in the EU concerning nanomaterials. T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Nanomaterials KW - REACH KW - EU regulations PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47814 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Stand der Aktivitäten zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie N2 - Die gemeinsame Forschungsstrategie der Bundesoberbehörden zur Nanotechnologie wurde 2016 veröffentlicht. Die darin enthaltenen Aufgaben wurden von den Bundesoberbehörden vielfältig bearbeitet. Diese Präsentation gibt einen Überblick über die Projekte, die von der BAM bis 2019 bearbeitet wurden/werden und sich in den Rahmen der Forschungsstrategie einordnen. T2 - Workshop zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie der Bundesoberbehörden „Nanomaterialien und andere innovative Werkstoffe: anwendungssicher und umweltverträglich“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.09.2019 KW - Nano KW - Bundesoberbehörden KW - Forschungsstrategie KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Nanotechnologie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49586 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Pokharel, R. A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Wirth, R. A1 - Schuessler, J. A. A1 - Benning, L. G. A1 - von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Olivine weathering by the genetically amenable rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola A95 N2 - In arid sun-exposed environments, rock-inhabiting fungi dominate microbial communities on rock surfaces. Fungi are known to enhance rock weathering, although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. These natural processes can be simulated by reproducible experimental systems. Particularly attractive are genetically amenable rock-weathering fungi, where certain traits can be knocked-out to identify weathering-relevant functions. Here, we studied the effect of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola A95 and its melanin-deficient mutant (ΔKppks) on the weathering of a Fe-bearing olivine. We examined the olivine dissolution kinetics and looked at the olivine-fungus interface. For the former we inoculated olivine powder with the fungus in batch and mixed flow reactors and analysed the medium solution by ICP-OES, for the latter biofilm-covered olivine sections from flow-through reactors were analysed by FIB-TEM. In general olivine dissolution was lower when olivine was incubated without fungi: the abiotic olivine dissolution rates were lowest and the surface of the abiotically reacted olivine sections showed no etching. Various chemical analyses show Fe (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation on top of the abiotically reacted olivine, indicating its role in inhibiting olivine dissolution. Both the wild type (WT) and ΔKppks solubilised and bound significant amounts of Fe released by olivine dissolution. Fe (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation was thus reduced, explaining the enhanced olivine dissolution in their presence. Particularly efficient at preventing Fe precipitation were attached WT cells: the inhibition of olivine dissolution almost completely disappeared. The attachment capacity of the WT is most likely caused by the production of WT-specific extracellular polymeric substances. Our presented experimental systems allowed the precipitation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and included a rock-inhabiting fungus and thus simulated weathering processes relevant to natural ecosystems. T2 - ISEB 2019 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 23.09.2019 KW - Olivine KW - Weathering KW - Fungus PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Osan, J. A1 - Gross, A. A1 - Stabile, L. T1 - AEROMET - Observation of quickly changing element mass concentrations in an ambient aerosol using portable TXRF N2 - Measurements of aerosol particles are vital for enforcing EU air quality regulations to protect human health, and for research on climate change effects. Although metrics such as PM10 and PM2.5 are currently in use, the level of uncertainty of aerosol metrics is too high and the traceability is insufficient. The project AEROMET, which has been started in June 2017 aims at implementing improvements in a) the uncertainty of particle mass, size and number concentration measurements and b) in the characterization of regulated components in airborne particles. Both are demanded by existing networks within the EU as well as by global atmospheric research. On-site measurement campaigns One of the objects is the application of mobile x-ray spectroscopy techniques combined with aerosol sampling techniques for quantifying particle compositions in the field for real time analysis. During two in-field measurement campaigns in Budapest, Hungary in May 2018 and Cassino, Italy in September 2018 the size dependent mass concentrations of specific elements in ambient aerosols were monitored under dynamic conditions. Typically, airborne particles are sampled on filter substrates. During this project new sampling methods with specially designed substrate holders for an in-situ TXRF analysis were developed and applied for the first time. This approach allows a direct time and size resolved analysis without laborious digestion steps and a reduced risk of contamination. Aerosol particles were sampled in a 13-stage DLPI impactor - size range from 0,03 µm to 10 µm - which was equipped with special adapters for acrylic discs of 30 mm diameter, serving as substrates. TXRF analysis was performed on site with the transportable spectrometer S2 PICOFOX (Bruker Nano GmbH) equipped with a Mo X-ray tube and a 30 mm² Silicon Drift Detector (SDD). Excitation conditions were 50 kV, 600 µA, measurement time 1000 s. Quantification was based on internal standardization using 50 ng of Y in solution, which was pipetted into the centre of the discs prior to sampling. At moderate air pollution levels, i.e. PM10 ~ 20 µg/m³, sampling times of less than 2 hours were enough for the detection of elements in different particle size bins. The in-situ approach and the high sensitivity of TXRF enables the observation of rather quick changes in the quantity and distribution of elements in an ambient aerosol on the day of sampling, as the below example from the Cassino field campaign on 11 Sept. 2018 shows: The analysis of the morning and afternoon sampling shifts reveals the occurrence of the elements Fe, Ca and Si in different size bins as well as their significant temporal change in respective mass concentrations over the day while the distributions of several other elements in the aerosol remain unchanged. The validation of these results by backup measurements is planned. T2 - European Aerosol Conference EAC 2019 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 25.08.2019 KW - TXRF KW - Ambient air KW - Aerosol KW - Cascade impactor KW - Element analysis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kayser, Y. A1 - Pollakowski-Herrmann, Beatrix A1 - Hönicke, P. A1 - Friese, Carmen A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Cara, E. A1 - Boarino, L. A1 - Gianotti, V. A1 - Laus, M. A1 - Beckhoff, Burkhard T1 - AEROMET – Traceable and reliable chemical analysis of aerosols by X-ray spectrometry N2 - Traceable and reliable chemical element analysis of aerosols by X-ray spectrometry was investigated using aerosol samples from field campaigns which have been measured in the GIXRF-beamline at BESSY. The reference-free XRF approach allows for a traceable analysis of the mass deposition. Traceable quantification by means of XRF can be transfered to benchtop instrumentation used in the laboratory Chemical and dimensional analysis of deposited aerosol allows for a comprehensive analysis of aerosols, e.g. for toxicity assessment and determination of the source The folowing elements could be identified and quantified in the field samples: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, W, Pb. T2 - European Aerosol Conference EAC 2019 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 25.08.2019 KW - TXRF KW - Element mass concetration KW - Ambient aerosol KW - Cascade impactor PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bucar, K. A1 - Zitnik, M. A1 - Stabile, L. A1 - Ozan, J. A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Performance of a Sharp GP2Y low-cost aerosol PM sensor N2 - Simple particulate matter sensors are gaining popularity due to their low price, easy handling and good temporal resolution. In this presentation, we report on the performance of a Sharp optical PM sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, which costs less than 15 €. The sensor is built around an infrared emitting diode (ILED) and a phototransistor detecting the light scattered from the aerosol particle. An electronic circuit shapes the detected light in a pulsed signal. The manufacturer advises sampling the output signal 280 microseconds after the ILED pulse. The measured output voltage is an indicator of dust concentration. We have built two identical simple PM monitoring devices using Raspberry Pi 3 computer interfacing the PM sensor with Microchip’s MCP3002 ADC via SPI. The ADC is capable of more than 100 ksamples/s at 10-bit resolution. The Rpi3 was pulsing the sensor at 10Hz, digitizing and saving the data and sending the results wirelessly. Sensor’s output pulse shape was sampled with 10 microsecond time steps and saved, thus making offline analysis possible. A time jitter of output pulses can be observed and suggests a peak fitting as a better approach to the signal readout compared to the single sampling at a fixed time after pulse triggering We compared both methods. T2 - European Aerosol Coference EAC 2019 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 25.08.2019 KW - Aerosol KW - Low cost aerosol PM sensor KW - PM PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - VOC, Fine and Ultrafine Particles Emissions from Additive Manufacturing and 3D-Printers N2 - The presentation gives an overview on Additive Manufacturing techniques and related potential risks from emission of hazardous gases and aerosols, based on emission characterizations in BAM. Voluntary mitigation strategies are presented T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - 3D Printing KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Particulate emissions KW - Emissions of hazardous gases KW - Filament comparison PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - UBA Projects on Particulate Emissions from Laser Printers N2 - The presentation gives an overview on past and ongoing projects in BAM on laser printer particulate emissions, funded by the German Environment Agency (UBA) in order to further develop award criteria for the Blue Angel ecolabel for office machines T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Laser Printer KW - Particulate emission KW - Blue Angel ecolabel KW - Office machines PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Prozessmonitoring für die additive Fertigung: Entwicklungen an der BAM N2 - Das Prozessmonitoring stellt einen wichtigen Baustein für eine Qualitätssicherung additiv gefertigter Bauteile dar, insbesondere bei kleinen Losgrößen. Der Vortrag zeigt einen Überblick aktueller Entwicklungen der BAM im Bereich des Prozessmonitorings für das Laserstrahlschmelzen (laser powder bed fusion) metallischer Werkstoffe. Durch Vergleich mit der Referenzmethode Computertomografie wird am Beispiel der thermografischen Verfahren gezeigt, wie relevante Defekte in Bauteilen detektiert werden können und Einsatzpotenziale sowie Limitierungen aufgezeigt. T2 - Forum Additive Fertigung Rheinland-Pfalz CY - Ludwigshafen, Germany DA - 07.11.2019 KW - Optische Tomografie KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Prozessmonitoring KW - Thermografie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49958 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Baesso, Ilaria A1 - Straße, Anne A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Pignatelli, Giuseppe A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Nazarzadehmoafi, Maryam A1 - Ehlers, Henrik A1 - Gohlke, Dirk A1 - Homann, Tobias A1 - Scheuschner, Nils A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Heinrich, P. A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Process monitoring of additive manufacturing of metals - an overview of the project ProMoAM N2 - The project ProMoAM is presented. The goal of the project is to evaluate which NDT techniques or combination of techniques is suited for in-situ quality assurance in additive manufacturing of metals. To this end, also 3d-data fusion and visualization techniques are applied. Additional ex-situ NDT-techniques are used as references for defect detection and quantification. Feasability studies for NDT-techniques that are presently not applicable for in-situ use are performed as well. The presentation gives a brief overview of the whole project and the different involved NDT-techniques. T2 - Workshop od Additive Manufacturing: Process, materials, simulation & implants CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Process monitoring KW - NDT PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai T1 - Measurement of particle emissions in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) processes and its potential for in-situ process monitoring N2 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology for metal part production especially for complex and lightweight structures or functional designs. In L PBF processes several by-products including welding plume and its condensates, spatter and ejected powder are generated during laser exposure. Investigations of micro- and nano-sized by-products have received little attention in literature. This study focuses on the analysis of particle emissions in L PBF of 316L stainless steel using a scattered light aerosol spectrometer and a fast mobility particle sizer spectrometer during the process which allows for in-situ analysis of particle sizes in the range of 6 nm to 100 µm. A distinct correlation of emission signals to part position can be revealed. In addition, a significant influence of laser scanning vector directions on emission signals is presented. Furthermore, differing powder layer thicknesses can be recognised by deviations in emission signals. T2 - Euro PM2019 CY - Maastricht, The Netherlands DA - 13.10.2019 KW - Aerosol measurements KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) KW - Additive Manufacturing (AM) KW - Spatter KW - Fume KW - Plume KW - Particle gas emission PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -