TY - CONF
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Brandhorst, Antonia
A1 - Erdmann, Eileen
A1 - Nitsche, Sarah
A1 - Voigt, Oliver
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - DHN melanin synthesis in the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola
N2 - DHN (1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene) melanin is produced by different Ascomycetes via slightly differing biosynthetic routes. The polyketide synthases (PKS) release the heptaketide YWA1, the hexaketide AT4HN or the pentaketide T4HN. The first two products are deacetylated by ‘yellowish-green’ hydrolases to T4HN, and T4HN is further converted by a core set of enzymes to DHN. Final polymerization steps are accomplished by multicopper oxidases (MCOs). The involved genes are tightly clustered, partially clustered or widely distributed in the genomes of DHN melanin-producing fungi. DHN melanogenesis is often regulated in a spatial and temporal fashion resulting e.g. in melanized reproduction, survival and/or infection structures. In contrast, a polyphyletic group of Ascomycetes (microcolonial fungi/ black yeast) dwelling in hostile habitats such as bare rock surfaces in hot and cold deserts, exhibits constitutive melanogenesis. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of the DHN melanogenic genes of Knufia petricola as a representative of the Chaetothyriales, the sister order of the Eurotiales. Orthologs for all melanogenic genes were identified in the genome of K. petricola A95, including one gene encoding the polyketide synthase (KpPKS1), two genes encoding ‘yellowish-green’ hydrolases (KpYGH1,2), two genes encoding THN reductases (KpTHR1,2) and one gene encoding a scytalone dehydratase (KpSDH1). Ten genes encoding MCOs were identified, all MCOs are predicted to be secreted. The genes are not clustered in the genome but are highly expressed. Gene functions are studied by generation of single, double, and multiple deletion mutants in K. petricola and by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for reconstruction of the synthesis pathway.
T2 - VAAM Fachgruppentagung "Molecular Biology of Fungi"
CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany
DA - 07.09.2022
KW - DHN melanin
KW - Genetics
KW - Biodegradation
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55676
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nitsche, Sarah
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
T1 - The role of the stress-activated MAP kinase SAK1 in Knufia petricola
N2 - Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are highly conserved in animals, plants, and fungi and represent fundamental parts of signaling networks in eukaryotic cells. Black DHN (1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene) melanin and orange carotenoids are produced by many fungi in specific cell types/under certain conditions for protecting cells from abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Microcolonial black fungi constitutively produce DHN melanin, contain the conserved carotenogenic gene cluster, exhibit slow yeast-like growth and survive in extreme environments. Thus, the question arises to which extent pigment formation and responses mediated by the stress-activated MAP kinase module contribute to the observed extremotolerance. We address this question in the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola, the only representative of the extremotolerant black fungi that is genetically amendable. Here, the mutations of pks1, phs1 and both genes result in melanin-free (pink), carotenoid-free (black) and pigment-free (white) strains, respectively (Voigt Knabe et al. 2020, Sci Rep). The gene encoding the stress-activated MAP kinase was deleted in the wild-type and different pigment-deficient backgrounds. In addition, strains were generated that express a GFP-SAK1 fusion protein from the sak1 locus to follow the cytosolic/nuclear shuttling of SAK1 upon stress. Growth of the obtained single, double and triple deletion mutants was tested by dropping cell suspensions on solid media supplemented with different stress-inducing agents. The Δsak1 mutants show slightly reduced growth rates even under non-stress conditions and are hypersensitive to different stress conditions: reduced growth is observed on media inducing, for instance, osmotic, oxidative, membrane, and pH stress, and upon incubation at 30 °C (heat stress). Melanin-free Δsak1 mutants are more sensitive than black Δsak1 mutants to some but not all stress conditions, suggesting that melanin and the SAK1 pathway have complementary roles in protecting K. petricola from stress.
T2 - VAAM Fachgruppentragung "Molecular Biology of Fungi"
CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany
DA - 07.09.2022
KW - Fungus
KW - Extremotolerance
KW - Signal transduction
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55677
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Erdmann, Eileen
A1 - Kunze, R.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
T1 - Tools for Reverse and Forward Genetics in Knufia petricola
N2 - Microcolonial black fungi are inhabitants of exposed natural and man-made surfaces in all climate zones. Genetic studies are hampered by slow growth, lacking sexual cycles and difficulties to transform these fungi. Recently, we implemented CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic tools enabling efficient targeted mutations of the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales) for studying stress responses, the unusual types of cell division, mineral weathering and symbiotic interactions with phototrophic microbes (Voigt, Knabe et al. 2020, Sci Rep; Erdmann et al. 2022, Front Fungal Biol). To further explore the genome of this fungus as representative of the polyphyletic group of black fungi and to assign functions to yet unknown genes, a forward genetics approach is aimed. We chose the two-component Activator/ Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon system from maize for generating a collection of insertional mutants by in-vivo mutagenesis. For the optimal use of this genetic tool, an inducible promoter for the expression of the Ac transposase and by this the regulatable transposition of the resistance cassette-containing Ds transposon is requested. However, endogenous promoters for nitrate assimilation and galactose catabolism that are often used in fungi for regulatable gene expression are not inducible by their substrates in K. petricola suggesting that the regulatory networks for nutrient acquisition differ significantly in the oligotrophic black fungi. Therefore, the metabolism-independent Tet-on system was adopted and validated using a Ptet::gfp construct. No GFP fluorescence was detected in absence of the inducer doxycycline (DOX) while fluorescence intensities increased with increasing inducer concentrations. Consequently, the Tet-on system is suitable for regulatable expression of endogenous and foreign genes in K. petricola.
T2 - VAAM Fachgruppentagung "Molecular Biology of Fungi"
CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany
DA - 07.09.2022
KW - Rock-inhabiting fungus
KW - Genetic tools
KW - Controllable gene expression
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55678
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz
A1 - Gordon, Nehemia
A1 - Rabin, Ira
T1 - Distinguishing between seemingly identical inks using scanning μXRF and heat maps
N2 - This study will present a new approach to distinguishing writing inks that have the same elemental compositions and visual appearances. The approach is based on displaying the intensity of elemental distributions as heat maps that represent data recorded with a scanning μX-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The heat maps present the data so as to facilitate digitally identifying and distinguishing between inks used to produce, correct, and reink two medieval Torah scrolls. As ritual objects, Torah scrolls had to be written in accordance with exacting standards that evolved over time. This requirement led to successive stages of modifications, sometimes over centuries. Both vitriolic and non-vitriolic inks used to modify Torah scrolls can be visually identical to each other. Furthermore, different non-vitriolic inks usually have an identical elemental composition. The solid material analysis evidence and its presentation as heat maps made it possible to discriminate between original and altered portions of text that in some cases would have been impossible. Our interdisciplinary work brought together conservation, material science, paleog-raphy, and philology to enable the identification of complex stratigraphy in multiple stages of production, correction, and reinking. ©2 0 2 2 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
KW - Spectroscopy
KW - Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence
KW - Vitriolic iron-gall inks
KW - Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks
KW - Heat maps
KW - Torah scrolls
KW - Scribal corrections
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557271
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2022.07.007
SN - 1296-2074
VL - 57
SP - 142
EP - 148
PB - Elsevier Masson SAS
AN - OPUS4-55727
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sichler, Theresa Constanze
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Barjenbruch, M.
A1 - Montag, D.
A1 - Mauch, Tatjana
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Ehm, J.H.
T1 - Variation of the element composition of municipal sewage sludges in the context of new regulations on phosphorus recovery in Germany
N2 - Phosphorus (P) recovery is obligatory for all sewage sludges with more than 20 g P/kg dry matter (DM) from 2029 in Germany. Nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were chosen to investigate variations of phosphorus contents and other parameters in sewage sludge over the year. Monthly sewage sludge samples from each WWTP were analyzed for phosphorus and other matrix elements (C, N, H, Ca, Fe, Al, etc.), for several trace elements (As, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn) and loss of ignition. Among the nine WWTPs, there are four which have phosphorus contents both above and below the recovery limit of 20 g/kg DM along the year. Considering the average phosphorus content over the year, only one of them is below the limit. Compared to other matrix elements and parameters, phosphorus fuctuations are low with an average of 7% over all nine WWTPs. In total, only hydrogen and carbon are more constant in the sludge.
In several WWTPs with chemical phosphorus elimination, phosphorus fuctuations showed similar courses like iron and/or aluminum. WWTPs with chamber flter presses rather showed dilution efects of calcium dosage. As result of this study, monthly phosphorus measurement is highly recommended to determine whether a WWTP is below the
20 g/kg DM limit.
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Wastewater
KW - Phosphorus elimination
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557499
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00658-4
SN - 2190-4707
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-55749
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dehkohneh, Abolfazl
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
T1 - Modelling biofilm formation and material colonisation for Knufia petricola
N2 - Rock-inhabiting black fungi are adapted to survive extreme stresses such as radiation and lack of water and are thus able to colonise arid material surfaces like solar panels and marble monuments. Black fungi can typically grow as one of two cell types: depending on the environmental conditions, they are able to form yeast-like cells or hyphal filaments. Knufia petricola is one member of the rock-inhabiting black fungi which functions as a model reference species. As there is no mathematical model for biofilm formation of RIF, we are going to develop a model for K. petricola which describes fungal growth on the level of individual cells adn biofilm formation.
T2 - Mini conference at University of Birmingham
CY - Birmingham, UK
DA - 05.10.2022
KW - Knufia petricola
KW - Rock-inhabiting black fungi
KW - individual-based modelling
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56697
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Koch, Matthias
A1 - Rosner, M.
T1 - Trends in selected fields of reference material production
N2 - For more than 110 years, BAM has been producing reference materials for a wide range of application fields. With the development of new analytical methods and new applications as well as continuously emerging more stringent requirements of laboratory accreditation with regard to quality control and metrological traceability, the demand and requirements for reference materials are increasing. This trend article gives an overview of general developments in the field of reference materials as well as developments in selected fields of application in which BAM is active. This includes inorganic and metal analysis, gas analysis, food and consumer products, and geological samples. In addition to these more traditional fields of application, developments in the areas of optical spectroscopy, particulary fluorescence methods, and nanomaterials are considered.
T2 - 150 years BAM: Science with impact
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 01.01.2021
KW - Reference material
KW - ISO REMCO
KW - Gas analysis
KW - Food
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Fluorescence
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548407
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03996-7
SN - 1618-2642
SN - 1618-2650
VL - 414
IS - Topical collection: Analytical methods and applications in the materials and life sciences
SP - 4281
EP - 4289
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-54840
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steger, S.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Eggert, G.
A1 - Krekel, C.
T1 - Are cellulose ethers safe for the conservation of artwork? New insights in their VOC activity by means of Oddy testing
N2 - Cellulose ethers, like methyl cellulose (MC) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), are widely used in conservation. They also occur as additives and rheology modifiers in various products like dispersions or gels. Do such products release harmful volatile organic compounds (VOC) during their accelerated aging? A mass testing series utilizing the Oddy test of 60 commercial cellulose ethers ranks the products in safe for permanent use (P, no corrosion), only for temporary use (T, slight corrosion), and unsuitable at all (F, heavy corrosion). Results show that 55% of the products passed the test whereas 33% are for temporary use as slight corrosion occurred on at least one metal coupon and only 11% failed the Oddy test. Raman measurements of the corrosion products identified oxides like massicot, litharge, cuprite, and tenorite among carbonates (hydrocerussite, plumbonacrite), and acetates like basic lead acetate, lead acetate trihydrate as well as lead formate as main phases. For example, commercial, industrial Klucel® G (HPC) scored a T rating through slight corrosion on the lead coupon. Basic lead acetate among other phases indicates the presence of acetic acid. Additional measurements of the sample with thermal desorption GC–MS utilizing the BEMMA scheme confirm the high acetic acid outgassing and reveal the presence of a small amount of formaldehyde.
KW - Cellulose ether
KW - Corrosion
KW - Oddy test
KW - VOC
KW - BEMMA
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547591
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00688-4
SN - 2050-7445
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Open
AN - OPUS4-54759
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wilke, Olaf
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Brödner, Doris
A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin
A1 - Rasch, Fabian
T1 - Chemical characterization of ultra-fine particles released from laser printers
N2 - 11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers.
T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022
CY - Kuopio, Finland
DA - 12.06.2022
KW - UFP
KW - Thermal extraction
KW - Cascade impactor
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55107
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Cohen, Zina
T1 - Composition Analysis of Writing Materials in Cairo Genizah Documents
N2 - Through the application of scientific methods of analysis to a corpus of medieval manuscripts found in the Cairo Genizah, this work aims to gain a better understanding of the writing materials used by Jewish communities at that time, shedding new light not only on the production of manuscripts in the Middle Ages, but also on the life of those Jewish communities.
KW - Ink analyses
KW - Cairo Genizah
KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses
KW - Reflectography
KW - Middle Ages
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588642
UR - https://brill.com/display/title/59331
SN - 978-90-04-44887-2
SN - 978-90-04-46935-8
SP - 1
EP - 192
PB - Brill
CY - Leiden & Boston
AN - OPUS4-58864
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Cohen, Zina
T1 - Beyond the text: What writing materials of the Cairo Genizah tell us
N2 - Results:
- Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks.
- We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks.
- Great variety in the composition of the inks.
- No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference.
- Inks purchased by (some) scribes.
- Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents.
- Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court.
T2 - Ink Workshop
CY - Munich, Germany
DA - 28.06.2022
KW - Ink analyses
KW - Manuscript studies
KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses
KW - Cairo Genizah
KW - Middle Ages
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-58874
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - New developments in odour testing: Adapter connects emission test chamber and funnel
N2 - Healthy and energy efficient buildings must be free from disturbing odours. Odour emissions from building materials can be measured with the well-known and accepted standard ISO 16000-28 “Indoor air – Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers”. For commonly used emission test chambers the sample air is collected in containers (bags) and presented to a group of panel members for the purpose of evaluating the odour. A standard sets requirements for the on-demand presentation in detail. These include the validation procedure for container materials, pre-treatment of bags, details on storage of filled bags and how to carry out the measurements. However, although these measures are proven in practice, incorrect measurements are still possible. Also errors can occur due to a very complex measurement procedure. So, there is a great need for research into how the odour samples are presented.
The proposal planned to be presented will introduce a new development in sample provision by using an adapter which enables collection and provision of sample air without storage or transport of bags. The adapter is a sample container which is permanently positioned on the emission test chamber´s outlet and continuously filled with sample air flowing through it. The flow is briefly interrupted at the time when a sample is taken by a panel member for the test.
The size of the container is sufficient to provide enough sample air for evaluation by at least one panel member via a funnel. Since sampling and presentation are technically connected, it means you can almost do away with storage or transportation and thus it can be presented almost unchanged to the panelmembers. The aim is to reduce measurement errors in the odour samples provision process and the improvement of measurement reproducibility. The paper presents the construction of the adapter as well as the results of emission and odour tests carried out so far.
T2 - CLIMA 2022 The 14th REHVA HVAC World Congress
CY - Rotterdam, The Netherlands
DA - 22.05.2022
KW - Perceived Intensity
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556192
DO - https://doi.org/10.34641/clima.2022.168
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - TU Delft open
CY - Delft, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-55619
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Richter, Matthias
T1 - Constant emitting reference material for material test procedures
N2 - In industrialised countries more than 80% of the time is spent indoors. Products, such as building materials and furniture, emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are therefore ubiquitous in indoor air. VOC in combination may, under certain environmental and occupational conditions, result in reported sensory irritation and health complaints. Emission concentrations can become further elevated in new or refurbished buildings where the rate of air exchange with fresh ambient air may be limited due to improved energy saving aspects. A healthy indoor environment can be achieved by controlling the sources and by eliminating or limiting the release of harmful substances into the air. One way is to use (building) materials proved to be low emitting. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established. Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. A laboratory’s proficiency can be proven by internal and external validation measures that both include the application of suitable emission reference materials (ERM). For the emission test chamber procedure according to EN 16516, no artificial ERM is commercially available. The EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ aims to fill this gap by developing new and improved ERMs. The goal is to obtain a material with a reproducible and temporally constant compound release (less than 10% variability over 14 days). Different approaches, such as the impregnation of porous materials, are being tested. The generation as well as results of the most promising materials will be presented.
T2 - Airmon 2022
CY - Bristol, UK
DA - 07.11.2022
KW - Emission reference materials
KW - Emission test chamber procedure
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Reference material
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56575
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Musyanovych, A.
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Sadak, A. E.
A1 - Heßling, L.
A1 - Bilsel, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Richter, Matthias
T1 - Polymeric Capsules with VOCs for Controlled Emission
N2 - Micro-(nano-)encapsulation technology involves building of a barrier between the core and the environment and offers a number of benefits to preserve the functional and physicochemical properties of core material. Tremendous progress has been made in synthesizing well-defined capsules to achieve desired properties such as particle size, chemical composition, and controlled release of the payload.
Encapsulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could evaporate with a defined rate is of immense interest for application in emission reference materials (ERM). These are urgently needed for quality assurance and quality control purposes (QA/QC) required by test standards for the determination of chemical emissions of construction and other materials for interior use. As such ERMs are hardly available on the market, the EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ [1] was started to fill this gap by developing a material with temporally constant emission of VOCs typically found in indoor air.
Different capsules in a size range between 5 and 50 μm were synthesized through an interfacial polyaddition/polycondensation reaction in direct (water-in-oil) system. As VOC several types of hydrophobic liquid materials were used. After synthesis, the morphology and physicochemical properties of capsules were characterized by electron microscopy, FTIR and DSC/TGA. An encapsulation efficiency up to 90% could be reached. The emission kinetic of volatile agents was studied in emission test chambers at 23 °C and 50% RH for 14 days. First results indicate that variation of the cross-linking grade of the shell material is one important parameter to adjust the desired emission rate. The overall aim is to achieve a consistent emission profile that decreases by less than 10 % over a target period of at least 14 days.
T2 - 36th European Colloid & Interface Society Conference
CY - Chania, Crete, Greece
DA - 04.09.2022
KW - Capsules
KW - Volatile organic compound
KW - Polymer
KW - Material emissions
KW - Reference materials
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56039
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Musyanovych, A.
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Sadak, A. E.
A1 - Heßling, L.
A1 - Bilsel, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Richter, Matthias
T1 - Polymeric Capsules with VOCs for Controlled Emission
N2 - Micro-(nano-)encapsulation technology involves building a barrier between the core and the environment and offers several benefits to preserve the functional and physicochemical properties of core material. Tremendous progress has been made in synthesizing well-defined capsules to achieve desired properties such as particle size, chemical composition, and controlled release of loaded compounds.
Encapsulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could evaporate with a defined rate is of immense interest for application in emission reference materials (ERM). These are urgently needed for quality assurance and quality control purposes (QA/QC) required by test standards for the determination of chemical emissions of construction and other materials for interior use. As such ERMs are hardly available on the market, the EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ was started to fill this gap by developing a material with temporally constant emission of VOCs typically found in indoor air.
T2 - 36th European Colloid & Interface Society Conference
CY - Chania, Crete, Greece
DA - 04.09.2022
KW - Capsules
KW - Volatile organic compounds
KW - Material emissions
KW - QA/QC
KW - Reference materials
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55917
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Odour Emissions from Building Products Simplifying the Evaluation of Perceived Intensity
N2 - One criterion to evaluate the odour of a sample is perceived
intensity П which is evaluated with the aid of a comparative scale. The procedure is well accepted but also time consuming and extensive. The study should help simplify the testing procedure by asking the panel members to only indicate whether a sample is perceived as less to equally intense or of greater intensity in comparison to a given acetone concentration of 7 pi on the comparative scale. In Germany a value of 7 pi is required for products to be suitable for the indoor use. The results show that the simplified test is basically suitable.
T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022 “Healthy people in healthy indoor environment”
CY - Kuopio, Finland
DA - 12.06.2022
KW - Perceived Intensity
KW - Emissions
KW - Chamber test
KW - Odour
KW - VOC
KW - Building product
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55623
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Usmani, S.
A1 - Voss, L.
A1 - Stephan, Ina
A1 - Hübert, Thomas
A1 - Kemnitz, E.
T1 - Improved Durability of Wood Treated with Nano Metal Fluorides against Brown-Rot and White-Rot Fungi
N2 - Low-water soluble metal fluorides such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and calcium Fluoride (CaF2) were evaluated for decay protection of wood. Initially, the biocidal efficacy of nano metal fluorides (NMFs) against wood destroying fungi was assessed with an in-vitro agar test. The results from the test showed that agar medium containing MgF2 and CaF2 was more efficient in preventing fungal decay than stand-alone MgF2 or CaF2. These metal fluorides, in their nanoscopic form synthesized using fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis, were introduced into the sapwood of Scots pine and beech wood and then subjected to accelerated ageing by leaching (EN 84). MAS 19F NMR and X-ray micro CT images showed that metal fluorides were present in treated wood, unleached and leached. Decay resistance of Scots pine and beech wood treated with NMFs was tested against Wood destroying fungi Rhodonia placenta and Trametes versicolor in accordance with EN 113. Results revealed that mass losses were reduced to below 3% in wood treated with the combination of MgF2 and CaF2.
It is concluded that NMFs provide full protection to wood even after it has been leached and can be used as wood preservatives in outdoor environments.
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Fluoride
KW - Wood protection
KW - Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis
KW - Brown-rot fungi
KW - White-rot fungi
KW - Basidiomycetes
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543877
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031727
VL - 12
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-54387
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sichler, Theresa Constanze
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Becker, Roland
A1 - Sauer, Andreas
A1 - Ostermann, Markus
A1 - Barjenbruch, M.
T1 - Phosphorus determination in sewage sludge: comparison of different aqua regia digestion methods and ICP-OES, ICP-MS and photometric determination
N2 - Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in sludges near the limit of 20 g/kg for mandatory recycling. To answer this question, 15 sewage sludges of 11 different wastewater treatment plants were investigated with all permitted method (digestion and measurement) combinations. Moreover, one sewage sludge was also examined in an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with 28 participants. This study shows that the above-mentioned methods differ in some cases significantly but across all method combinations and sludges, phosphorus recovery was between 80 and 121% after normalization to the grand mean (average of 15 sludges between 85 and 111%). The ILC and the examination of 15 sludges produced largely similar results. There is a tendency to higher phosphorus recovery after microwave digestion compared to reflux digestion and ICP-OES measurements determine higher phosphorus contents than ICP-MS and photometric phosphorus determination. As a result, the authors recommend ICP-OES determination of phosphorus in sewage sludge after microwave digestion.
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - ICP-OES
KW - Phosphous recovery
KW - ICP-MS
KW - Photometric P determination
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558869
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00677-1
VL - 34
IS - 99
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-55886
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brischke, C.
A1 - Bollmus, S.
A1 - Melcher, E.
A1 - Stephan, Ina
T1 - Biological durability and moisture ynamics of Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
N2 - Numerous non-native tree species are given attention with respect to the reforestation of calamity areas in Europe. Among them, several species may form durable wood which can be used for outdoor applications, but differences in wood durability are expected between original and European growth sites. This study aimed at examining the biological durability against wooddestroying fungi and water permeability of German-grown Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). The heartwood of both wood species was assigned to durability class 4 (DC 4, less durable) in soil contact and DC 1–4 (very to less durable) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. However, according to the Meyer-Veltrup model, their material resistance dose was notably higher compared to the reference species Norway spruce (Picea abies), and the resulting service life of above ground structures should be a multiple of the reference.
KW - Natural durability
KW - Fungal decay
KW - Moisture performance
KW - Permeability
KW - Resistance model
KW - Water uptake
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2101941
SN - 1748-0272
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-55490
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Doolette, A.
A1 - Huang, J.
T1 - Combining diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and 31P NMR spectroscopy to determine phosphorus species in soil
N2 - The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique shows in many publications a superior correlation to the amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil. However, this technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time.
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)
KW - Passive sampling
KW - fertilizer
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545759
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.20068
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - e20068
PB - Wiley online library
AN - OPUS4-54575
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
T1 - Analytical Challenges for PFAS in Environmental Samples - Methods, Approaches and Applicability
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms and which include up to 1.7 M compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Furthermore, because of the continuous contamination through PFAS containing commercial products, effluents and sewage sludge from WWTPs have been shown to be an important source of PFAS discharge into the aquatic environment. In the last few years, legacy PFAS (≥C4) have been found in various environments, including soil, water and wastewater, and their environmental pathways have been partly described.
Several long-chain PFAS species, and their respective salts are considered as persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Stockholm Convention. These pollutants have been linked to altered immune and thyroid function, liver disease, lipid and insulin dysregulation, kidney disease, adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, and cancer. A significant shift in the chemical industry towards production of short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) alternatives was observed in response to recently intensified regulations and restrictions on the use of long-chain (≥C8) PFAS. PFAS analysis in environmental samples is currently mainly done by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This efficient method is conducted in a targeted fashion analyzing a small subset of PFAS. The US EPA method for analysis of PFAS using LC-MS/MS for example currently lists 40 PFAS (≥C4). However, to get a better overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” sum parameter methods like total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay and methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) are in development. CIC results in data regarding the sum of absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) or extractable organic fluorine (EOF), which can also quantify other organically bound fluorine compounds such as fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceutical. Moreover, non-target and suspect screening mass spectrometry can be used to identify novel emerging PFAS and partly unknown fluorinated compounds in environmental samples. Furthermore, to analyze ultrashort PFAS (C1-C3), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are available, but further research is needed to develop reliable and accurate methods to quantify several ultrashort PFAS in environmental samples.
Additionally, for research purpose several spectroscopical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)spectroscopy, particular induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are available.
T2 - CleanUp 2022
CY - Adelaide, Australia
DA - 11.09.2022
KW - PFAS
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55741
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Analysis of PFAS in Environmental Samples and Materials - Different Approaches via Fluorine K-Edge XANES Spectroscopy and Combustion Ion Chromatography
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged over the course of the last twenty years as a global pollution issue. Altogether, there are currently more than 4700 known but only partly characterized fluorinated compounds identified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as shown by a recently published classification proposal.
The ongoing production of new, yet unrestricted PFAS alternatives has become a major challenge for environmental routine analytics, since the state-of-the-art method LC-MS/MS relies on structural information and availability of isotope standards of the targeted compound. First reported by Miyake et al., fluorine sum parameters like adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and total fluorine (TF) can be applied to survey and detect the presence of large amounts of unidentified organofluorine compounds in environmental matrices. Today fluorine sum parameters have been established as a useful supplement to classic target-analytical approaches of PFAS and were implemented for the first time as a sum value “PFAS-total” in the recently revised Drinking Water Directive (2020/2184) by the European Commission.
In contrast, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been widely applied to identify low concentration of element-specific contamination without pre-treatment in environmental samples in the past. The XANES approach enables a penetration depth of approx. 1 µm (at fluorine K-edge energy; depending on the matrix) which is significantly deeper than for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; penetration depth approx. 10 nm). Furthermore, the method is fast, non-destructive and only simple preparation of the samples is required.
In our work, we combined both F-XANES spectroscopy and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) in order to present a new analytical perspective on the investigation of PFAS in environmental media and material samples.
T2 - SETAC Europe 2022 - 32nd Annual Meeting
CY - Kopenhagen, Dänemark
DA - 15.05.2022
KW - Sum parameter analysis
KW - EOF
KW - CIC
KW - Fluor XANES
KW - PFAS analysis
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54884
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
T1 - PFAS Sum Parameter and Structural Analysis
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms (see Figure 1) and which include more than 4730 compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Furthermore, because of the continuous contamination through PFAS containing commercial products, effluents and sewage sludge from WWTPs have been shown to be an important source of PFAS discharge into the aquatic environment. In the last few years, legacy PFAS (≥C4) have been found in various environments, including soil, water and wastewater, and their environmental pathways have been partly described. To get a better
overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” sum parameter methods like total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay and methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) are in development. CIC results in data regarding the sum of absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) or extractable
organic fluorine (EOF), which can also quantify other organically bound fluorine compounds such as fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceutical. Additionally, for research purpose several spectroscopical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, particular induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are available. Therefore, an overview is given on various analytical techniques for PFAS in environmental samples and their application possibilities discussed for different kind of PFAS compounds
T2 - CleanUp 2022
CY - Adelaide, Australia
DA - 11.09.2022
KW - PFAS
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
KW - XANES spectroscopy
KW - Soil
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55743
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
T1 - Microspectroscopy reveals dust-derived apatite grains in highly-weathered soils from the Kohala climosequence on Hawaii
N2 - Dust deposition is an important source of phosphorus (P) to many ecosystems. However, there is little evidence of dust-derived P-containing minerals in soils. Here we studied P forms along a well-described climatic gradient on Hawaii, which is also a dust deposition gradient. Soil mineralogy and soil P forms from six sites along the climatic gradient were analyzed with bulk (X-ray diffraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure)
and microscale (X-ray fluorescence, P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, and Raman) analysis methods. In the wettest soils, apatite grains ranging from 5 to 30 μm in size were co-located at the micro-scale with quartz, a known continental dust indicator suggesting recent atmospheric deposition. In addition to colocation with quartz, further evidence of dust-derived P included backward trajectory modeling indicating that dust particles could be brought to Hawaii from the major global dust-loading areas in central Asia and northern Africa. Although it is not certain whether the individual observed apatite grains were derived from long-distance transport of dust, or from local dust sources such as volcanic ash or windblown fertilizer, these observations offer direct evidence that P-containing minerals have reached surface layers of highly-weathered grassland soils
through atmospheric deposition.
T2 - BESSY Science Seminar
CY - Online meeting
DA - 01.04.2022
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Soil
KW - X-ray diffraction
KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
KW - Fertilizer
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - infrared spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54584
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique as screening tool for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in wastewater-based fertilizers
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of organofluorine surfactants used in the formulations of thousands of consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment, and plastic and leather products. As a result of the perpetual use of PFAS containing products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been observed to be an important pathway for PFAS into the environment. In Germany, phosphorus and other nutrients from sewage sludge and wastewater should be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a large population. However, it is not clear if PFAS contamination from wastewater and sewage sludge end up in novel wastewater-based fertilizers. Normally, PFAS are analyzed using PFAS protocols typically with time-consuming extraction steps and LC-MS-MS quantification. However, for screening of PFAS contaminations in sewage sludge or wastewater-based fertilizers also passive sampler based on the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique can be used for the PFAS extraction. Afterwards, combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can be applied to analyse the “total” amount of PFAS on the passive sampler. Here, we show results from the DGT method in comparison to those of the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) method for a variety of wastewater-based fertilizers. Additionally, we analysed the adsorption of PFAS on the weak anion exchanger (WAX) based DGT passive sampler binding layer by infrared and fluorine K-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
T2 - SETAC Europe 2022
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 15.05.2022
KW - Passive sampling
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Wastewater
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54883
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Ludwig, S.
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Vigelahn, L.
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Birke, V.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Mechanochemical Remediation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substanzes (PFAS) in Soils
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic organofluorine surfactants used in the formulations of thousands of products and consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment. Because PFAS have been extensively used in a variety of AFFF products they can be found in soils from industrial and military installations. Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Only a subsequent, high-energy consuming pyrolysis process guarantees the total destruction of all fluorinated organic contaminants. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill and analyzed the PFAS defluorination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively, as well es the fluoride mineralization by ion chromatography (IC) and fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
T2 - CleanUp 2022
CY - Adelaide, Australia
DA - 11.09.2022
KW - PFAS
KW - Mechanochemical treatment
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55742
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Schaaf, T.
A1 - Künstler, J.
T1 - Thermochemical P recycling from ash by AshDec ® process
N2 - Klärschlammaschen können eine hohe Phosphatkonzentration aufweisen und stellen damit einen geeigneten Sekundärrohstoff für die Produktion von Phosphatdüngemitteln dar. Bisher wird dieses Potential der Klärschlammaschen für die Phosphor-Rückgewinnung jedoch kaum genutzt, da die in den Aschen enthaltenen Phosphate für Pflanzen kaum verfügbar und die Aschen teilweise mit toxischen Schwermetallen belastet sind.
Im AshDec®-Verfahren wird die Klärschlammaschen im Drehrohrofen im Temperaturbereich 800-1000°C unter Zugabe von Alkali-Additiven (bsp. Na2CO3) thermochemisch behandelt, um ein wirksames und schadstoffarmes Phosphatdüngemittel herzustellen. Aktuell bereitet die Firma Emter GmbH den Bau der ersten großtechnischen AshDec®-Anlage mit einer Kapazität von 30.000 Jahrestonnen Klärschlammasche am Standort ihrer Klärschlammverbrennungsanlage (Altenstadt / Oberbayern) vor. Die erste Ausbaustufe dieser Anlage wird durch das BMBF-Projekt R-Rhenania im Rahmen der Förderinitiative RePhoR begleitet.
T2 - Wastewater, Water and Resource Recovery (Workshop)
CY - Online meeting
DA - 11.04.2022
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Heavy metal removal
KW - Ashdec
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54727
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Hodjat Shamami, Parya
A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Zimathies, Annett
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - High-purity corundum as support for affinity extractions from complex samples
N2 - Nonporous corundum powder, known as an abrasive material in the industry, was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices. The materials based on corundum were characterized by TEM, ESEM, BET, DLS, EDS, and zeta potential measurements. The strong Al-O-P bonds between the corundum surface and amino phosphonic acids were used to introduce functional groups for further conjugations. The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). This work shows that oxidized polyglycerol can be used as an alternative to glutaraldehyde. With polyglycerol, more of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be attached to the surface under the same conditions, and lower non-specific binding (NSB) was observed. As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The purity of the product was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A binding capacity of 1.8 mg IgG per gram of corundum powder was achieved. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.
KW - Corundum
KW - Sapphire
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Antibodies
KW - Self-assembled monolayers (SAM)
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Dendrimer
KW - Nonspecific binding (NSB)
KW - Purification
KW - Solid-phase extraction (SPE)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559342
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9090252
VL - 9
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55934
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Hodjat Shamami, Parya
A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Zimathies, Annett
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - High-purity corundum as support for affinity extractions from complex samples
N2 - Nonporous corundum powder, known as an abrasive material in the industry, was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices. The materials based on corundum were characterized by TEM, ESEM, BET, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. The strong Al-O-P bonds between the corundum surface and amino phosphonic acids are used to introduce functional groups for further conjugations. The common cross-linker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter is oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). This work shows that oxidized polyglycerol can be used as an alternative to glutaraldehyde. With polyglycerol, more of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be attached to the surface under the same conditions, and lower nonspecific binding (NSB) was observed. As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The purity of the product was examined by SDS-PAGE. A binding capacity of 1.8 mg IgG per g of corundum powder was achieved. The advantages of corundum are the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, and flexible application.
KW - Protein
KW - Bioseparation
KW - Purification
KW - Immunoprecipitation
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Glutaraldehyde
KW - Linker
KW - Bioconjugation
KW - Self-assembled monolayer (SAM)
KW - Periodate oxidation
KW - Reductive amination
KW - Antibodies
KW - Igg
KW - Immunoglobulins
KW - Carrier
KW - Solid phase
KW - Hyperbranched polymer
KW - Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555142
DO - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0004.v1
SN - 2310-287X
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55514
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge and wastewater-based fertilizers and future PFAS remediation
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms and which include more than 4730 compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. As a result of the perpetual use of PFAS containing products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been observed to be an important pathway for PFAS into the environment. In Germany, phosphorus and other nutrients from sewage sludge and wastewater should be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a large population. However, it is not clear if PFAS contamination from wastewater and sewage sludge end up in novel wastewater-based fertilizers. Normally, PFAS are analyzed using PFAS protocols typically with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantification. To get a better overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” we applied sum parameter methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) to screen the PFAS contaminations in various sewage sludge and wastewater-based fertilizers. Furthermore, current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Only a subsequent, high-energy consuming pyrolysis process guarantees the total destruction of all fluorinated organic contaminants. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem.
T2 - Seminar of Ben-Gurion University
CY - Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
DA - 02.11.2022
KW - PFAS
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56166
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Fabian
A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
A1 - Wittwer, Phillip
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Pfeifer, Jens
A1 - Cossmer, Antje
A1 - Meermann, Björn
T1 - A fast and simple PFAS extraction method utilizing HR–CS–GFMAS for soil samples
N2 - Here, we describe an optimized fast and simple extraction method for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in soils utilizing high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR–CS–GFMAS). To omit the bias of the solid phase extraction (SPE) step commonly used during the analysis of extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) we optimized a fast and simple SPE-free extraction method. The developed extraction method consists of a liquid-solid extraction using acidified methanol without any additional SPE. Four extraction steps were representative to determine a high proportion of the EOF (>80% of eight extractions). Comparison of the optimized method with and without an additional SPE clean-up step revealed a drastic underestimation of EOF concentrations using SPE. Differences of up to 94% were observed which were not explainable by coextracted inorganic fluoride. Therefore, not only a more accurate but also a more economic as well as ecologic method (bypassing of unnecessary SPE) was developed. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed method was 10.30 μg/kg which was sufficient for quantifying EOF concentrations in all tested samples. For future PFAS monitoring and potential regulative decisions the herein presented optimized extraction method can offer a valuable contribution.
KW - Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs)
KW - High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS)
KW - Soils
KW - Solid phase extraction (SPE)
KW - Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF)
KW - Solid-liquid extraction
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133922
VL - 295
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-54359
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Sichler, Theresa
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - European Sewage Sludge Ash Monitoring
N2 - For the European sewage sludge ash monitoring ash samples from sewage sludge incineration plants were requested from all over Europe. First results of the received samples regarding main and trace element contents were presented at ESPC4. Moreover, a list of all known European facilities for sewage sludge monoincineration was presented.
T2 - European Sustainable Phosphorus Conference 4
CY - Vienna, Austria
DA - 20.06.2022
KW - Sewage sludge ash
KW - Sewage sludge incineration
KW - Phosphorus recovery
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55145
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Boenke, Viola
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
A1 - Sündermann, Claudia
T1 - Bacterial resistance evolution towards disinfectants and antimicrobial surfaces and development of a standardized test
N2 - Question
Disinfectants and antimicrobial surfaces (AMCs) are important tools to prevent the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, concerns have been raised about the possibility for the evolution and selection of resistance against disinfectants and AMCs. In turn, resistance against disinfectants and AMCs can be associated to antibiotic resistance due to cross-resistance - a single mechanism conferring resistance to a disinfectant and an antibiotic- and co-resistance - two distinct mechanisms physically linked on e.g. a plasmid. The risk for resistance and cross-resistance during use of biocides (including disinfectants and AMCs) must be evaluated during authorization according to the EU biocidal product regulation. However, to date there is a lack of standardized methods that support risk assessment during the authorization process.
Methods
We used adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments which are based on repeated exposure of bacteria to disinfectants or AMCs. The experiments are followed by phenotypic (antimicrobial susceptibility testing) and genotypic (whole genome sequencing) characterization of the evolved strains. The basic idea of these experiments is to expose bacteria to lethal conditions and select for mutants with increased survival. This approach is fundamentally different to other ALE experiments, which commonly select for increased growth at subinhibitory concentrations. However, selection for increased survival represents a selective pressure that more realistically reflects selection under in-use conditions of disinfectants and AMCs.
Results
First, we studied adaptation of E. coli during repeated disinfection with benzalkonium chloride in a suspension assay. The experiments showed a 2000-fold increase in survival within 5 exposure cycles. The adaptive changes are linked to highly parallel mutations in genes related to lipid A biosynthesis, less negative cell surface charge, reduced growth rate and increased competitive ability in the presence of certain antibiotics. We use the same approach to develop standardizable ALE experiments based upon accepted standards that are used to determine the efficacy of disinfectants (EN 13697) and antimicrobial surfaces (ISO 22196). The results highlight pronounced adaptation of different test strains towards surface disinfection (benzalkonium chloride and isopropanol) and AMCs (copper).
Conclusion
Bacteria can adapt with increased survival towards lethal stress imposed by disinfectants and AMCs. The adaptive ability of bacteria to disinfectants and AMCs can be determined in a standardized manner.
T2 - 74. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie [DGHM] e. V.
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 05.09.2022
KW - Antimicrobial surfaces
KW - ISO22196
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Round robin test
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56432
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces
N2 - Biocides, including disinfectants and antimicrobial surfaces (AMCs), are important to prevent the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria via surfaces. However, concerns have been raised about the evolution and selection of resistance against disinfectants and AMCs. In turn, resistance against disinfectants and AMCs can be associated to antibiotic resistance due to cross-resistance and co-resistance. We need to understand the mechanisms and risks of disinfectants and AMCs for resistance and cross-resistance evolution to optimize their application and safeguard their long-term efficacy. We used adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments based on repeated exposure of bacteria to disinfectants. Our results show that repeated disinfection of E. coli with benzalkonium chloride in suspension results in a 2000-fold increase in survival within 5 exposure cycles. Adaption is linked to the initial presence of persister cells highly tolerant to benzalkonium chloride. We used the same approach to develop standardizable ALE experiments to determine resistance evolution to AMCs. The results highlight rapid adaptation of E. coli and P. aeruginosa towards copper surfaces. Moreover, there are multiple situations in the clinic or in the environment in which biocides and antibiotics co-occur and in which combination effects can shape their antimicrobial activity or their selective effects. Our work with P. aeruginosa shows prevalent combination effects of biocides and antibiotics, ranging from synergy to antagonism and resulting in the selection for or against antibiotic resistant strains. The combination effects are dependent on the biofilm mode-of-growth, manifesting in apparent differences in the structural arrangement of antibiotic sensitive and resistant strains in biofilms exposed to combinations. Furthermore, biocides affect rates of mutation and horizontal gene transfer, thereby having a potential facilitating effect on resistance evolution. Taken together, our work shows that the role of biocides as potential drivers of resistance evolution and selection deserves further study and regulative action.
T2 - Eurobiofilms 2022
CY - Palma, Spain
DA - 31.08.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Biofilms
KW - Biocides
KW - Antimicrobial surfaces
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55608
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Stephan, Ina
T1 - Development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides – An update
N2 - This presentation describes the development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides and antimicrobial surfaces.
T2 - The International Biodeterioration Research Group (IBRG) autumn meeting 2022
CY - Online meeting
DA - 11.10.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Antimicrobial coating
KW - Standardization
KW - Biocides
KW - Risk assessment
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56264
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection
N2 - A presentation given at the VAAM conference 2022, summarizing our findings published in the research paper "Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection"
T2 - Annual conference of the association for general and applied microbiology (VAAM) 2022
CY - Düsseldorf, Germany
DA - 21.02.2022
KW - Persistence
KW - Biocides
KW - Evolution
KW - Cross-resistance
KW - Biocide tolerance
KW - Disinfection
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54437
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Rodríguez-Rojas, A.
A1 - Rolff, J.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocides used as material preservatives modify rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
N2 - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Previous studies showed that de-novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation or transformation – important processes underlying resistance evolution and spread - are affected by antibiotics, metals and pesticides. However, natural microbial communities are also frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives, but it is unknown if these substances induce mutagenesis and HGT. Here, we show that active substances used in material preservatives can increase rates of mutation and conjugation in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not increased. The bisbiguanide chlorhexidine digluconate, the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, the metal copper, the pyrethroid-insecticide permethrin, and the azole-fungicide propiconazole increase mutation rates in Escherichia coli, whereas no increases were identified for Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baylyi.
Benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and permethrin increased conjugation in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Taken together, our data show the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread.
KW - Mutation rate
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Biocides
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129280
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 437
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-55261
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance
N2 - A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf
T2 - Theory Seminar in the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group at HHU Düsseldorf
CY - Düsseldorf, Germany
DA - 24.02.2022
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
KW - Heterogeneity
KW - Resistance
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54442
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocides As Drivers For Antimicrobial Resistance Evolution In The Environment
N2 - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution, selection and transmission of AMR. These processes are impacted by pollution with antibiotics. However, biocides used as disinfectants and material preservatives are major pollutants by far excceding the market for antibiotics in terms of mass. Our work shows that biocides have the potential to affect evolutionary processes towards AMR by increasing the rates of de-novo mutation and conjugation. These effects depend on the species and biocidal substance. Importantly, chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) affect rates of mutation and conjugation at environmentally relevant concentrations in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Furthermore, our work highlights the potential of biocides to contribute to selection and transmission of AMR. We show that the application of biocides, especially QAC disinfectants, leads to the rapid evolution of tolerance (i.e. increased survival) in adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments. The evolved tolerant strains have a selective advantage in the presence of environmentally-relevant concentrations of antibiotics, which could lead to the stabilization of biocide tolerance in environments where biocides and antibiotics co-occur (e.g. wastewater, animal stables). ALE experiments with biocide tolerant strains indicate a decreased evolvability of resistance to antibiotics. Taken together, our work shows the importance of assessing the contribution of biocides on evolution, selection and transmission of AMR in the environment.
T2 - 6th Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance (EDAR6)
CY - Gothenburg, Sweden
DA - 22.09.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Antimicrobial coating
KW - Biofilms
KW - Biocides
KW - Risk assessment
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56262
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocides Used as Material Preservatives Modify Rates of de novo Mutation and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria
N2 - Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
T2 - Microbiome Network Meeting
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 20.07.2022
KW - Biocides
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Mutation rate
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55263
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
T1 - Consequences of BAC tolerance for selection and evolution in the presence of antibiotics
N2 - The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work at BAM we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics. Within our group, I mainly focus on the following two questions: How does phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria affect the ability to survive treatment with biocides? And what are the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for the evolution of resistance to biocides and antibiotics?
I will share published and unpublished results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity can enable the survival of biocide treatment and, through this, facilitate the evolution of AMR. On the other hand, we find that adaptation to a biocide can unexpectedly impair the ability to evolve resistance against an antibiotic.
T2 - FEMS summer school for postdocs 2022: Microbial Evolvability Mechanisms: Resistance, Biology, and Strategies to Defeat and Detect
CY - Split, Croatia
DA - 27.04.2022
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
KW - Evolution
KW - Resistance
KW - Biocide tolerance
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54846
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection
N2 - The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics.
Here, I present results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity in E. coli, namely the formation of tolerant persister cells, can enable the survival of disinfection and consequentially facilitate the evolution of AMR. Using experimental evolution that selects for tolerance, we find that mutations in lipid A biosynthesis arise following periodic treatment with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used disinfectant. BAC tolerance is associated with additional, diverse mutations as well as changes in the susceptibility to antibiotics from different classes and changes in motility and biofilm formation, suggesting extensive regulatory re-wiring in the evolved clones. Remarkably, we find that fitness costs (growth rate reduction) incurred by BAC tolerance are alleviated in the presence of antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the complexity underlying the adaptation to antimicrobials and highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
T2 - Bacterial Networks (BacNet22)
CY - Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spanien
DA - 04.09.2022
KW - Persistence
KW - Biocides
KW - evolution
KW - disinfection
KW - biocide tolerance
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55713
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Heterogeneous tolerance to biocides and its consequences for the evolution of antimicrobial resistance
N2 - The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics.
Here, I present results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity in E. coli, namely the formation of tolerant persister cells, can enable the survival of disinfection and consequentially facilitate the evolution of AMR. Using experimental evolution that selects for tolerance, we find that mutations in lipid A biosynthesis arise following periodic treatment with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used disinfectant. BAC tolerance is associated with additional, diverse mutations as well as changes in the susceptibility to antibiotics from different classes and changes in motility and biofilm formation, suggesting extensive regulatory re-wiring in the evolved clones. Remarkably, we find that fitness costs (growth rate reduction) incurred by BAC tolerance are alleviated in the presence of antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the complexity underlying the adaptation to antimicrobials and highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
T2 - 4th VAAM discussion meeting 'Microbial Cell Biology'
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 09.10.2022
KW - Persistence
KW - Biocides
KW - Evolution
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocide tolerance
KW - Heterogeneity
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55958
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocide resistance risk assessment
N2 - This presentation details the current status of biocide resistance risk assessment.
T2 - Risk assessment of biocide and antibiotic resistance
CY - Online meeting
DA - 09.03.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Antimicrobial coating
KW - Standardization
KW - Biocides
KW - Risk assessment
PY - 2022
UR - https://www.gu.se/en/biocide/risk-assessment-of-biocide-and-antibiotic-resistance
AN - OPUS4-56235
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - O'Hara, Kate
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Blaskovich, M.
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - A fluorescently labelled quaternary ammonium compound (NBD-DDA) to study resistance mechanisms in bacteria
N2 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as active agents in disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives. Despite being in use since the 1940s, there remain multiple open questions regarding their detailed mode-of-action and the mechanisms, including phenotypic heterogeneity, that can make bacteria less susceptible to QACs. To facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms towards QACs, we synthesized a fluorescent quaternary ammonium compound, namely N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-[2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]ethyl]azanium-iodide (NBD-DDA). NBD-DDA is readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy with standard GFP/FITC-settings, making it suitable for molecular and single-cell studies. As a proof-of-concept, NBD-DDA was then used to investigate resistance mechanisms which can be heterogeneous among individual bacterial cells. Our results reveal that the antimicrobial activity of NBD-DDA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is comparable to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used QAC, and benzyl-dimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride (BAC12), a mono-constituent BAC with alkyl-chain length of 12 and high structural similarity to NBD-DDA. Characteristic time-kill kinetics and increased tolerance of a BAC tolerant E. coli strain against NBD-DDA suggest that the mode of action of NBD-DDA is similar to that of BAC. As revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), NBD-DDA is preferentially localized to the cell envelope of E. coli, which is a primary target of BAC and other QACs. Leveraging these findings and NBD-DDA‘s fluorescent properties, we show that reduced cellular accumulation is responsible for the evolved BAC tolerance in the BAC tolerant E. coli strain and that NBD-DDA is subject to efflux mediated by TolC. Overall, NBD-DDA’s antimicrobial activity, its fluorescent properties, and its ease of detection render it a powerful tool to study resistance mechanisms of QACs in bacteria and highlight its potential to gain detailed insights into its mode-of-action.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563811
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023326
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56381
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Effect of biocides on the evolution and spread of resistance
N2 - Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials [1]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR [2,3]. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
T2 - RokoCon2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 29.09.2022
KW - Biocide
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Tolerance
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Mutation rate
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56431
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schulz, Anne-Christine
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Assessing co-selection of biocide and antibiotic resistance in wastewater microbial communities
N2 - Biocides are used for a wide range of purposes, including disinfectants or preservatives. Biocides play a major role in the prevention of microbial infections in healthcare and animal husbandry. The use of biocides often leads to the discharge of active biocidal substances into wastewater streams, causing the exposure of wastewater microbial communities to subinhibitory concentrations. In turn, it is known that wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Since similar mechanisms confer resistance to biocides and antibiotics, exposure to biocides can result in co-selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria in WWTP due to biocides. Here, we investigate the magnitude and the drivers of co-selection of antibiotic resistance in natural wastewater microbial communities upon biocide exposure. Microbial communities will be sampled at the WWTP Ruhleben in Berlin and characterized regarding their biocide and antibiotic resistance. Changes in the resistance level after exposure to different biocides will be determined by enumerating resistant and non-resistant E. coli and heterotrophic bacteria on selective plates with and without several biocides and antibiotics. Moreover, we are establishing a synthetic community comprising about 100 environmental E. coli isolates each with different antimicrobial resistance traits. Each isolate will be tagged with a unique DNA-barcode. All isolates will be pooled and exposed to different biocides at various concentrations. The barcode labeling enables us to determine the abundance of each isolate at the beginning and end of the experiment by transposon-tag sequencing. The project results will inform risk assessment of the effects of biocidal residues on antimicrobial resistance selection in WWTP.
The project is part of the BIOCIDE consortium funded within the call on Aquatic pollutants by JPI-AMR, JPI-OCEANS and JPI-WATER.
T2 - 6th International Symposium onn the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance - EDAR 6
CY - Gothenburg, Sweden
DA - 22.09.2022
KW - Antibiotic resisitance
KW - Biocide
KW - Wastewater
KW - Risk assesment
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56796
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocide Resistance - Road to Risk Assessment
N2 - This presentation details the current status of biocide resistance risk assessment and provides a roadmap for future activities.
T2 - OECD, 6th Meeting of the Working Party on Biocides
CY - Paris, France
DA - 28.09.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Antimicrobial coating
KW - Standardization
KW - Biocides
KW - Risk assessment
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56263
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Effect of biocides on the evolution and spread of resistance
N2 - Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
T2 - Microbiome Network Meeting
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 20.07.2022
KW - Biocides
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Mutation rate
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56426
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - BIOCIDE
N2 - This presentation gives an overview about the BIOCIDE project performed with the Aquatic Pollutants joint call.
T2 - Aquatic Pollutants TransNet workshop
CY - Online meeting
DA - 09.11.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Biofilms
KW - Biocides
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Wastewater
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56265
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kanaris, Orestis
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Consequences of benzalkonium chloride tolerance in Escherichia coli: Effects on selection and evolution in the presence of ciprofloxacin
N2 - We investigated the selection dynamics between a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-tolerant Escherichia coli strain (S4) and a sensitive wild type under four conditions: in the absence of antibiotics and in the presence of three different sub-inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in liquid cultures. The wild type was selected over the BAC-tolerant strain in the absence of antibiotics, while the opposite was observed at all ciprofloxacin concentrations investigated.Furthermore, we assessed the evolvability of resistance of the two strains to inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin by performing a serial dilution evolution experiment with gradually increasing ciprofloxacin concentrations. The wild type had a higher probability to develop resistance to ciprofloxacin than the tolerant strain. By the end of the evolution experiment both strains evolved to grow at the highest ciprofloxacin concentration investigated, which was 2048 ×MIC of the wild type.
T2 - 6th international symposium on the environmental dimention of antibiotic resistance-EDAR 6
CY - Gothenburg, Sweden
DA - 22.09.2022
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Tolerance
KW - Experimental evolution
KW - Selection
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56808
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - VIDEO
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
A1 - Richter, Anja
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
T1 - BioCombs4Nanofibers: From nanofibers over spiders to bacteria
N2 - This 6 minute long MP4-video presents some key results of the European research project "BioCombs4Nanofibers" to the broader public. Inspired by nature, some concepts of certain types of spiders are transferred to technology in order to develop bacteria-repellent surfaces through laser surface nanostructuring.
Funding notice: This study was funded by the European Union's research and innovation program under the FET Open grant agreement No. 862016 (BioCombs4Nanofibers, http://biocombs4nanofibers.eu).
KW - Antiadhesive surfaces
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Cribellate spiders
KW - Bacterial adhesion tests
KW - Bacteria-repellent surfaces
PY - 2022
UR - https://download.jku.at/org/7kM/xyU/BioCombs4Nanofibers/D5.6_video%20for%20the%20broader%20public_23.03.2022.mp4
UR - https://www.jku.at/en/biocombs4nanofibers/dissemination/
DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-54939
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-54939
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Florian, Camilo
A1 - Mezera, Marek
A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten
A1 - Richter, Anja
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Müller, F. A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - A brief survey on open questions about laser-induced periodic surface structures
N2 - The processing of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represents a simple and robust way for the nanostructuring of solids that allows creating a wide range of surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, tribology, medicine, energy technologies, etc. While the currently available laser and scanner technology already allows surface processing rates at the m2/min level, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry. This typically manifests in difficulties to control the processing of LIPSS and in limitations to ensure the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This presentation aims to identify some unsolved scientific problems related to LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, it is intended to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2022
CY - Online meeting
DA - 30.05.2022
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Surface functionalization
KW - Industrial applications
KW - Biofilm growth
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54929
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zubia Aranburu, Judith
A1 - Cappella, Brunero
A1 - Zabala Eguren, A.
A1 - Buruaga Lamarain, L.
A1 - Aginagalde Lopez, A.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
T1 - Quantification of the adhesion force of E. coli on Ti via single-cell force spectroscopy
N2 - Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem which poses a massive threat to human health. Although human activity contributes to the acceleration of the process, bacteria have a self-driven stabilisation mechanism to protect themselves from such and other external threats: biofilm formation. Nonetheless, it is the adhesion of a single bacterial cell to a surface that triggers the formation of such network of biomolecules and microorganisms, as well as its hazardous consequences. The main objective of this work was to quantify the adhesion force of a single E. coli cell on a Ti substrate via the AFM-related single-cell force spectroscopy, with both the cell and the substrate material being of high clinical relevance. A set of 25 x 25 force displacement curves was acquired with a maximum force of 3.2 nN without dwell time, yielding a topography map and an adhesion force map that showed to be correlated. A mean adhesion force of 0.85 ± 0.175 nN was measured and the presence of cell appendages on the bacterial cell wall was verified through individual force-displacement curves. Bacterial viability was assessed after the measurements via live/dead staining.
T2 - XL Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica CASEIB 2022
CY - Valladolid, Spain
DA - 23.11.2022
KW - Bacteria
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Force distance curve
PY - 2022
SN - 978-84-09-45972-8
SP - 217
EP - 220
AN - OPUS4-57039
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Richter, Anja
A1 - Buchberger, G.
A1 - Stifter, D.
A1 - Duchoslav, J.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Heitz, J.
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
T1 - Reducing Escherichia coli adhesion to PET by modulating spatial periods of laser-induced surface nanoripples
N2 - Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms. Here, the stabilizing extracellular biofilm matrix together with physiological changes on the single cell level leads to an increased resilience towards harsh environmental conditions, antimicrobials, the host immune response and established cleaning procedures. Persistent microbial adhesion on e.g., medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry is often associated with chronic inflammation, nosocomial and foodborne infections, enhanced biofouling and product contamination. To prevent persistent microbial colonization, antibacterial surface strategies often target the initial steps of biofilm formation and impede adhesion of single cells before a mature biofilm is being formed. While chemical coatings have been widely used, their restricted biocompatibility for eukaryotic cells and attenuated antibacterial-effects due to compound release limit their areas of application and alternative strategies focus on modified surfaces topographies to impede bacterial adhesion. In this work, we used ns-UV laser treatment (wavelength 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns) to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with different submicrometric periods ranging from ~210 to ~610 nm on commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils. Following structurally and chemically analyses, PET samples were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli TG1, a bacterial test strain with a strong biofilm formation capacity due to the formation of nanofiber-like cell-appendages (pili). Bacterial adhesion tests revealed that E. coli repellence decisively depends on the spatial periods of the LIPSS with the strongest reduction (~91%) in cell adhesion observed for LIPSS periods of 214 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and additional biofilm studies using a pili-deficient E. coli TG1 strain revealed the importance of extracellular appendages in the bacterial repellence observed here, thus, pointing out new antibiotics-free strategies for antibacterial surfaces by impeding nanofiber-mediated bacterial adhesion.
T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2022
CY - Online meeting
DA - 30.05.2022
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Bacterial adhesion tests
KW - Bacteria repellent surfaces
KW - Polymer foils
KW - E. coli
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54930
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tang, Chi-Long
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
T1 - Systematic ranking of filaments regarding their particulate emissions during fused filament fabrication 3D printing by means of a proposed standard test method
N2 - The diversity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) filaments continues to grow rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers for the use as home fabrication devices has been greatly increased in the past decade. Potential harmful emissions and associated health risks when operating indoors have induced many emission studies. However, the lack of standardization of measurements impeded an objectifiable comparison of research findings. Therefore, we designed a chamber-based standard method, i.e., the strand printing method (SPM), which provides a standardized printing procedure and quantifies systematically the particle emission released from individual FFF-3D filaments under controlled conditions. Forty-four marketable filament products were tested. The total number of emitted particles (TP) varied by approximately four orders of magnitude (1E9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E13), indicating that origin of polymers, manufacturer-specific additives, and undeclared impurities have a strong influence. Our results suggest that TP characterizes an individual filament product and particle emissions cannot be categorized by the polymer type (e.g., PLA or ABS) alone. The user's choice of a filament product is therefore decisive for the exposure to released particles during operation. Thus, choosing a filament product awarded for low emissions seems to be an easily achievable preemptive measure to prevent health hazards.
KW - Emission test method
KW - FFF-printing
KW - Particle emission
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - FFF-filament
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545087
DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.13010
SN - 1600-0668
VL - 32
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
AN - OPUS4-54508
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vigna, L.
A1 - Gottschalk, Martin
A1 - Cacocciola, N.
A1 - Verna, A.
A1 - Marasso, S. L.
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Pirri, C.F.
A1 - Cocuzza, M.
T1 - Flexible and reusable parylene C mask technology for applications in cascade impactor air quality monitoring systems
N2 - The development of traceable new methodologies to quantify elemental air pollutants in particulate matter (PM) supports modernization of methods used in air quality monitoring networks in Europe. In the framework of the EURAMET EMPIR AEROMET II project, the combination of cascade impactor aerosol sampling and total reflection X-ray fluorescence elemental spectroscopy (TXRF) was investigated. This technique requires a traceable calibration based on reference samples. This paper describes a new, simple and effective method to produce such reference samples using flexible, reusable, and low-cost parylene C shadow masks, fabricated by photolithographic steps. These shadow masks can be used to produce reference samples that mimic the Dekati cascade impactor’s deposition patterns by applying as-prepared micro stencils to 30 mm acrylic substrates and evaporating a reference material (Ti) in arrangements of thin circular dots. The highly flexible direct patterning of acrylic discs with reference material, otherwise impossible with conventional photolithography, allows multiple reusing of the same micro stencils. The aspect ratios of the dots could be repeated with an error less than 4 %. A first set of standard reference samples for the 13 stages of the Dekati cascade impactor was produced and preliminary TXRF measurements of the deposited Ti masses were performed. The centricity of the deposition patterns turned out to be an important parameter for the quality of the TXRF results. The parylene mask technology for the production of reference samples turns out to be a promising new approach for the traceable calibration of TXRF spectrometers for the quantification of element concentrations in environmental aerosol samples but, due to its great versatility, it could be used for several other micropatterning applications on conventional and unconventional substrates.
KW - AEROMET II
KW - Aerosol
KW - Parylene C
KW - Reference samples
KW - Flexible shadow masks
KW - Cascade impactor
KW - Air quality monitoring
KW - Micropatterning
KW - Mask fabrication
KW - Elemental aerosol analysis
KW - TXRF
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mne.2022.100108
SN - 2590-0072
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-54252
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wilke, Olaf
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Brödner, Doris
A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin
A1 - Rasch, Fabian
T1 - Chemical characterization of ultra-fine particles released from laser printers
N2 - 11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers.
T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022
CY - Kuopio, Finland
DA - 12.06.2022
KW - UFP
KW - Thermal extraction
KW - Cascade impactor
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 4
AN - OPUS4-55106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
T1 - Analysis of air pollutants in ambient and indoor aerosolsby TXRF - application examples
N2 - Quantitative chemical analysis of airborne particulate matter (PM) is vital for the understanding of health effects in indoor and outdoor environments, as well as for enforcing air quality regulations. Typically, airborne particles are sampled over long time periods on filters, followed by lab-based analysis, e.g., with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Within the EURAMET EMPIR AEROMET project, cascade impactor aerosol sampling was combined for the first time with on-site total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy to develop a tool for quantifying particle element compositions within short time intervals and even on-site. This makes variations of aerosol chemistry observable with time resolution of only a few hours and with good size resolution in the PM10 range. A proof of principles of this methodological approach and the comparison to standard methods within the scope of a field campaign will be presented. Secondly, aerosol sampling and TXRF analysis seems suitable for the quantification of elements in indoor aerosols as well and may provide an important enhancement of existing methods for the analysis of organic species in aerosols (such as sampling and TD-GC/MS). As an example, the TXRF analysis of particles emitted from laser printers under controlled conditions in an environmental test chamber will be presented.
T2 - TXRF Journal ClubB
CY - Online meeeting
DA - 24.02.2022
KW - Aerosol
KW - TXRF
KW - Cascade impactor
KW - ICP-MS
KW - Particles
KW - Air quality monitoring
KW - Element mass concentration
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54418
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul
A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - The Role of Electron Microscopy in the Development of Monodisperse Cubic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Certified Reference Material for Size and Shape
N2 - BAM is currently building up a platform of novel nanoRMs relying on iron oxide nanoparticles of different shape, size and surface chemistry. Iron oxide was chosen as a core material because of its relevance to the material and life sciences.
As a first candidate of this series, we present cubic iron oxide nanoparticles with a nominal edge length of 8 nm. These particles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron oleate in high boiling organic solvents adapting well-known literature procedures. After dilution to a concentration suitable for electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) as well as for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, the candidate nanoRM was bottled and assessed for homogeneity and stability by both methods following the guidelines of ISO 17034 and ISO Guide 35.
The particle sizes obtained by both STEM-in-SEM and TEM are in excellent agreement with a minimum Feret of 8.3 nm ± 0.7 nm. The aspect ratio (AR) of the iron oxide cubes were extracted from the images as the ratio of minimum Feret to Feret resulting in an AR of 1.18 for TEM to 1.25 for SEM. Alternatively, a rectangular bounding box was fitted originating from the minimum Feret and the longest distance through the particle in perpendicular direction. This led to AR values of 1.05 for TEM and 1.12 for SEM, respectively. The results confirm the almost ideal cubic shape.
KW - Reference nanoparticles
KW - Iron oxide
KW - Cubical shape
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - SAXS
KW - Nano CRM
KW - Size
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622003610
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 28
IS - Suppl. 1
SP - 802
EP - 805
PB - Cambridge University Press
AN - OPUS4-55599
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Breitenbach, Romy
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Dementyeva, Polina
A1 - Knabe, Nicole
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Ryo, M.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering
N2 - The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.
KW - Biofilms
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549025
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1
SN - 2397-2106
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-54902
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Breitenbach, Romy
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Dementyeva, Polina
A1 - Knabe, Nicole
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Ryo, M.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - Data for "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering"
N2 - Data for the publication "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering" (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1). It includes:
- The Summary of the EPS concentration, EPS sugar components and EPS linkages.
- The Summary of the XPS analysis of freeze-dried biofilm samples of all strains.
- The Summary of the pH, Mg, SI and Fe concentration, biomass and olivine dissolution rate for each time point of all dissolution experiments.
KW - Biofilms
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-54901
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-54901
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maisels, A.
A1 - Hiller, A.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Chemical Recycling for Plastic Waste: Status and Perspectives
N2 - Industrial-scale mechanical recycling of plastics has been established for years, but has technical and economic limits. Chemical recycling processes lead back to monomers or to the raw materials, so that in the end new goods can be produced for all areas of application of plastics. The variety of chemical recycling processes is large. The capacities of the plants are still low today. The profitability of the plants is strongly influenced by the price of oil; the profitability limit is currently between 50 and 60 US $ per barrel.
KW - Chemical recycling
KW - Plastic waste
KW - Circular economy
KW - Pyrolysis
KW - Solvolysis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565700
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202200024
SN - 2196-9744
VL - 9
IS - 6
SP - 541
EP - 555
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-56570
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chubarenko, B.
A1 - Kileso, A.
A1 - Esiukova, E.
A1 - Pinchuk, V.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Dataset on geosynthetic material debris contamination of the South-East Baltic shore
N2 - The database gives information on the contamination of the shore of the South-Eastern Baltic with the debris of geosynthetic materials for the period 2018–2020. This new type of coastal pollution enters the natural environment due to the destruction of coastal protection structures and construction activities. The database contains sections:
(1) a list of types of geosynthetic material residues, their photographic images and photographs illustrating examples of finds in natural conditions
[1 List_geosynthetic_debris_SEB],
(2) monitoring data on the contamination of the beach strip with the debris of geotextiles, braids from gabions, geocontainers (big bags), geocells and geogrids for the beaches of the South-Eastern Baltic for the period 2018–2020
[2 Monitoring_geosynthetic_debris_SEB];
(3) statistical distributions of the found geosynthetic debris by size
[3 Scales_geosynthetic_debris_SEB] and (4) results of test surveys on the shores of Lithuania and Poland adjacent to Kaliningrad Oblast.
All data refer to the beaches of the Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), including the Russian parts of the Vistula and Curonian Spits, but also contains information on a one-time assessment of the pollution of the beaches of the adjacent territories: the Polish shore from the Poland-Russia border on the Vistula Spit to the mouth of the Vistula River, the Lithuanian shore from the border Lithuania-Russia on the Curonian Spit to the border of Latvia-Lithuania. Materials were collected during field surveys within the ERANET-RUS_Plus joint project EI-GEO, ID 212 (RFBR 18-55-76002 ERA_a, BMBF 01DJ18005).
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Geotextiles
KW - Contamination
KW - Marine littering
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-541947
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107778
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 40
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier Inc.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-54194
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tang, Chi-Long
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
T1 - Proposal of a standard test method for the quantification of particulate matter during 3D printing and the systematic ranking of filament materials
N2 - The diversity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) filaments continues to grow rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers for the use as home fabrication devices has been greatly increased in the past decade. Potential harmful emissions and associated health risks when operating indoors have induced many emission studies. However, the lack of standardization of measurements impeded an objectifiable comparison of research findings. Therefore, we designed a chamber-based standard method, i.e., the strand printing method (SPM), which provides a standardized printing procedure and quantifies systematically the particle emission released from individual FFF-3D filaments under controlled conditions. Forty-four marketable filament products were tested. The total number of emitted particles (TP) varied by approximately four orders of magnitude (1E9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E13), indicating that origin of polymers, manufacturer-specific additives, and undeclared impurities have a strong influence. Our results suggest that TP characterizes an individual filament product and particle emissions cannot be categorized by the polymer type (e.g., PLA or ABS) alone. The user's choice of a filament product is therefore decisive for the exposure to released particles during operation. Thus, choosing a filament product awarded for low emissions seems to be an easily achievable preemptive measure to prevent health hazards.
T2 - 11th International Aerosol Conference
CY - Athens, Greece
DA - 04.09.2022
KW - Ultrafine particles
KW - FFF-3D-Printer
KW - Indoor emission
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - Test method
KW - Exposure risk
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55666
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Hodjat Shamami, Parya
A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Zimathies, Annett
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Corundum as a novel affinity platform for the isolation of human IgG from plasma
N2 - Nonporous corundum powder was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices.The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.
T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 11.11.2022
KW - Affinity support
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Affinity extraction
KW - Phosphonic acids
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Reductive amination
KW - Amino acid analysis
KW - Tyrosine
KW - Protein quantification
KW - SDS-PAGE
KW - Antibodies
KW - Antibody purification
KW - Downstream processing
KW - Bovine serum albumin
KW - BSA
KW - Protein a
KW - TEM
KW - ESEM
KW - Aluminum oxide
KW - Sapphire
KW - Human plasma
KW - Protein immobilization
KW - Protein hydrolysis
KW - Glutaraldehyde
KW - Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56154
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
T1 - Measurement of the Environmental Impact of Materials
N2 - This Special Issue, ‘Measurement of the Environmental Impact of Materials’, is focused on the impact that materials have on the environmental compartments of soil, water and air. Leaching and emission processes, including underlying mechanisms, are a recurring topic in most published articles in the present Special Issue. Contributions have come from three continents and numerous countries (USA, Germany, France, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Japan, Korea and Thailand) indicating the global dimension of the subject.
KW - Leaching
KW - Recycling
KW - Nano-materials
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545099
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062208
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 15
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-54509
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Product testing and performance
N2 - Geosynthetic materials are applied in measures for coastal protection. Weathering or any damage of constructions, as shown by a field study in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), could lead to the littering of the beach or the sea (marine littering) and the discharge of possibly harmful additives into the marine environment. The ageing behavior of a widely used geotextile made of polypropylene was studied by artificial accelerated ageing in water-filled autoclaves at temperatures of 30 to 80° C
and pressures of 10 to 50 bar. Tensile strength tests were used to evaluate the progress of ageing, concluding that temperature rather than pressure was the main factor influencing the ageing of geotextiles. Using a modified Arrhenius equation, it was possible to calculate the half-life for the loss of 50% of the strain, which corresponds to approximately 330 years.
T2 - EuroGeo-7, Session Geosynthetics, Sustainability and Current Industry Challenges
CY - Warschau, Poland
DA - 04.09.2022
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Ageing
KW - Autoclave tests
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55671
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Abis, M.
A1 - Bruno, M.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Grönhom, R.
A1 - Kuchta, K.
A1 - Fiore, S.
ED - Medici, F.
T1 - A Novel Dry Treatment for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Reduction of Salts and Potential Toxic Elements
N2 - The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4. The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%),
chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Dry treatment
KW - Municipal solid waste
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552161
SN - 978-3-0365-3063-5
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113133
SP - 57
EP - 71
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55216
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Even, Morgane
A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria
A1 - Richter, Matthias
T1 - Selection of gas standards, gas chromatography column and adsorbents for the measurement of very volatile organic compounds (C1–C6) in indoor air
N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard gives directions to adapt the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). The same techniques with sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) should be used. However, VVOCs require gaseous standards, an adapted GC column and a reliable sampling adsorbent. This work presents experimental results to tackle those three experimental gaps. A stable standard gas mixture containing 47 VVOCs, 13 VOCs and an internal standard was successfully generated. It was employed to study the suitability of seven types of chromatography columns. The use of PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) columns such as PoraBOND Q is well suitable for VVOC analysis. The recoveries of the 60 analytes on a total of 16 adsorbents and their combinations were determined: A combination of the graphitized carbon black Carbograph 5TD 40/60 and the carbon molecular sieve CarbosieveTM SII showed great recoveries for all analytes. Carbon molecular sieves adsorb water which can impair the analysis. A dry purge of the multi-sorbent in the sampling direction led to a complete water removal and promising recoveries of the analytes.
KW - VVOC
KW - VOC
KW - ISO 16000-6
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - Air sampling
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340561
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 1238
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-56366
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
ED - Scott, B.
ED - Mesarich, C.
T1 - Role of light in the life cycle of Botrytis cinerea
N2 - The fungus Botrytis cinerea (Botryotinia fuckeliana) infects more than 500 plant species and causes a wide range of symptoms: soft rots, accompanied by collapse and water-soaking of tissues followed by the appearance of gray masses of conidia on leaves and soft fruits (gray mold), and spots that may turn brown to full-scale soft rotting on flower petals (Botrytis blight). In general, B. cinerea is responsible for severe economic losses that are either due to the damage of growing plants in the field or the rot of harvested fruits, flowers, and vegetables during storage under cold and humid conditions. B. cinerea has adapted to the plant host and its environment by evolving strategies to use plant tissues for proliferation in terms of a necrotrophic lifestyle, and to survive biotic stresses (host responses) as well as abiotic factors of the host’s environment such as sunlight and concomitant stresses. B. cinerea maintains a complex regulatory network of light-sensitive proteins and signal transduction pathways to use light for coordinating stress responses, virulence, and reproduction. Different light-controlled reproduction cycles enable B. cinerea to live in moderate climate zones by infecting and propagating in summer and resting in winter when green host tissues are unavailable.
KW - Gray mold fungus
KW - Plant pathogen
KW - Light
KW - Photoreceptors
KW - Development
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_14
VL - 5
SP - 329
EP - 346
PB - Springer, Cham
AN - OPUS4-56724
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz
A1 - Girard, Solène
A1 - Rabin, Ira
T1 - Conservation and Technical Evaluation of an Early Medieval Papyrus Codex
N2 - In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.
KW - Papyrus
KW - Codex
KW - Conservation
KW - Iron gall ink
KW - Coptic
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570998
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2023.2183554
SN - 0039-3630
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Taylor & Francis
AN - OPUS4-57099
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - Iron uptake by the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola
N2 - Iron is arguably the most essential metal in living organisms. For rock-inhabiting fungi its acquisition might be unconventional as they (1) tend to inhabit iron-deficient, oxygen-rich surfaces like marble monuments and solar panels and (2) produce the black, iron-adsorbing pigment melanin. We used a range of analytical methods, ongoing mineral dissolution experiments and gene deletion mutants of the model rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola to figure out the mechanisms and substrate deteriorating effects of iron uptake by these organisms. To study both siderophore-mediated and reductive iron assimilation (RIA), genes like sidC, encoding a putative siderophore synthetase and ftr1 and fet3 encoding the subunits of an iron permease-oxidase were deleted.
At iron deficient conditions, growth of the wild type (WT) and ΔsidC mutant was similar, whereas growth of the Δftr1-fet3 mutant and the double mutant ΔsidC/Δftr1-fet3 was diminished and absent, respectively. We were not able to detect the siderophore of K. petricola and the WT and mutants were not able to grow at low concentrations of strong iron chelators. However, in a cross-feeding experiment, an overexpression strain of sidC allowed more growth of ΔsidC/Δftr1-fet3 on iron deficient medium than the WT, whereas the ΔsidC mutant could not do so at all. Compared to the WT, the sidC overexpression strain also withstood oxidative stress better and had a shorter lag time and higher growth rate. Combined, these results indicate that K. petricola relies more on RIA than siderophore-mediated uptake as it likely excretes low quantities of a primarily intracellular siderophore. Interestingly, Δftr1-fet3 had a higher iron content than the WT at iron deficient conditions. This difference disappeared upon deletion of melanin synthesis (Δpks1 vs. Δpks1/Δftr1-fet3): melanin-bound iron can likely not be used without RIA. K. petricola’s chelation incapacity implies a habitat free of competition for iron while offering us a mitigation strategy.
T2 - ECFG16
CY - Innsbruck, Austria
DA - 05.03.2023
KW - Siderophore
KW - Melanin
KW - Reductive iron assimilation
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-57148
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Machado Ferreira de Araujo, F.
A1 - Duarte-Ruiz, D.
A1 - Saßnick, H.-D.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie C.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Cocchi, C.
T1 - Electronic Structure and Core Spectroscopy of Scandium Fluoride Polymorphs
N2 - Microscopic knowledge of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of scandium fluoride is still incomplete despite the relevance of this material as an intermediate for the manufacturing of Al−Sc alloys. In a work based on first-principles calculations and X-ray spectroscopy, we assess the stability and electronic structure of six computationally predicted ScF3 polymorphs, two of which correspond to experimentally resolved single-crystal phases. In the theoretical analysis based on density functional theory (DFT), we identify similarities among the polymorphs based on their formation energies, chargedensity distribution, and electronic properties (band gaps and density of states). We find striking analogies between the results obtained for the ow- and high-temperature phases of the material, indirectly confirming that the transition occurring between them mainly consists of a rigid rotation of the lattice. With this knowledge, we examine the X-ray absorption spectra from the Sc and F K-edge contrasting firstprinciples results obtained from the solution of the Bethe−Salpeter equation on top of all-electron DFT with high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection measurements. Analysis of the computational results sheds light on the electronic origin of the absorption maxima and provides information on the prominent excitonic effects that characterize all spectra. A comparison with measurements confirms that the sample is mainly composed of the high- and low-temperature polymorphs of ScF3. However, some fine details in the experimental results suggest that the probed powder sample may contain defects and/or residual traces of metastable polymorphs.
KW - Scandium
KW - X-ray spectroscopy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570727
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04357
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 62
IS - 10
SP - 4238
EP - 4247
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington DC
AN - OPUS4-57072
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - El-Athman, Rukeia
A1 - Rädler, Jörg
A1 - Löhmann, Oliver
A1 - Ariza, Angela
A1 - Muth, Thilo
T1 - The BAM Data Store
N2 - As a partner in several NFDI consortia, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, German federal institute for materials science and testing) contributes to research data standardization efforts in various domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). To implement a central research data management (RDM) infrastructure that meets the requirements of MSE groups at BAM, we initiated the Data Store pilot project in 2021. The resulting infrastructure should enable researchers to digitally document research processes and store related data in a standardized and interoperable manner. As a software solution, we chose openBIS, an open-source framework that is increasingly being used for RDM in MSE communities.
The pilot project was conducted for one year with five research groups across different organizational units and MSE disciplines. The main results are presented for the use case “nanoPlattform”. The group registered experimental steps and linked associated instruments and chemicals in the Data Store to ensure full traceability of data related to the synthesis of ~400 nanomaterials. The system also supported researchers in implementing RDM practices in their workflows, e.g., by automating data import and documentation and by integrating infrastructure for data analysis.
Based on the promising results of the pilot phase, we will roll out the Data Store as the central RDM infrastructure of BAM starting in 2023. We further aim to develop openBIS plugins, metadata standards, and RDM workflows to contribute to the openBIS community and to foster RDM in MSE.
T2 - 1st Conference on Research Data Infrastructure
DA - 12.09.2023
KW - Research Data Infrastructure
KW - Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN)
KW - openBIS
KW - Research Data Management
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596032
DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/CoRDI.v1i.229
VL - 1
SP - 1
EP - 5
AN - OPUS4-59603
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Berkes, L.
A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz
A1 - Bonnerot, O.
A1 - Krutzsch, M.
A1 - Rabin, Ira
A1 - Richter, T. S.
T1 - Mixed Inks in Two Coptic Documents from the Hermopolite Region Relating to Lease Business
N2 - In this article, we present two Coptic papyri, P 11934 and P 11935 from the Berlin collection excavated in Ashmunein (ancient Hermopolis) by Otto Rubensohn in 1906. We employ a multi-disciplinary approach that takes into account both their materiality – writing support as well as ink – and their content, as has become ‘best practice’. 1 Material aspects of written documents have traditionally been the purview of papyrologists. Recently developed methods of scientific analysis generate sets of archaeometric data with the potential to improve understanding of the materiality of ancient document production, as well as to yield new evidence for genuine papyrological research questions. To achieve this, a large corpus of comparative data needs to be built. Our contribution offers a first step in this direction. We aim at presenting the papyri, which were selected because of the ink corrosion during conservation work at the Berlin collection, in a format that is exhaustive both for material and textual aspects. The inks from both papyri were analysed using a combination of techniques, contributing to our better understanding of the development of ink technology in Late Antiquity.
KW - Coptic papyri
KW - Methods of scientific analysis
KW - Sets of archaeometric data
KW - Mixed Inks
KW - Ink corrosion
KW - Ancient document production
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579948
DO - https://doi.org/10.48631/pylon.2023.3.98234
SN - 2751-4722
VL - 2023/3
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Ceative Commons Attribution ShareAlike
CY - Heidelberg, Germany
AN - OPUS4-57994
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Loose, Florian
T1 - CF Pyro: Impressions of Applying Carbon Fibers at Semi-Industrial Scale as Reductant in Pyrometallurgy
N2 - The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), as lightweight materials essential for the transformation, demands for a safe treatment option of carbon fiber (CF) containing waste streams. Because of their low reactivity towards oxidation processes, CF can neither be treated in a conventional nor hazardous waste incineration plant. Even the extremely high temperature in a cement rotary kiln does not lead to full conversion. To increase the sustainability of CF, other processes need to be investigated. Opening other reaction pathways, using CF waste streams as secondary resource in pyrometallurgy to replace fossil carbon, can be a solution for a safe and sustainable treatment. After first small scale experiments, CF containing waste streams were used as reductant in a semi-industrial scale electric arc furnace (EAF). First results and impressions are presented.
T2 - Meeting mit Projektpartner GMH
CY - Online meeting
DA - 02.03.2023
KW - Cabonfasern
KW - CFK
KW - Recycling
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58090
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Loose, Florian
T1 - CF Pyro: Safe Treatment of CFRP Waste for a Sustainable Future
N2 - The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), as lightweight materials essential for the transformation, demands for a safe treatment option of carbon fiber (CF) containing waste streams. Because of their low reactivity towards oxidation processes, CF can neither be treated in a conventional nor hazardous waste incineration plant. Even the extremely high temperature in a cement rotary kiln does not lead to full conversion. To increase the sustainability of CF, other processes need to be investigated. Opening other reaction pathways, using CF waste streams as secondary resource in pyrometallurgy to replace fossil carbon, can be a solution for a safe and sustainable treatment. To support the industrial application, experiments on different scales were conducted. Here, results of thermochemical investigations, reactivity studies, crucible experiments and pilot plat trials are reported.
T2 - CU Projektforum
CY - Online meeting
DA - 19.01.2023
KW - Cabonfasern
KW - CFK
KW - Recycling
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Trappe, Volker
A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard
A1 - Loose, Florian
T1 - Carbon fibre composites exemplarily research at BAM
N2 - Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given.
T2 - Meeting KCarbon
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 15.06.2023
KW - Lightweighting
KW - Carbon Fibers
KW - Recycling
KW - Push-out Test
KW - multi scale testing
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58094
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stohl, Leonie
A1 - Manninger, Tanja
A1 - von Werder, Julia
A1 - Dehn, F.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Meng, Birgit
T1 - Bioreceptivity of concrete - A review
N2 - Materials that support natural biodiversity on their surfaces can compensate for human activities that have a negative impact on nature and thus contribute to a carbon-neutral and nature-positive world. Specifically designing bioreceptive materials which favor the growth of biofilms on their surface is an approach complementing conventional, macroscopic green façades. But what exactly characterizes a bioreceptive substrate and how do biofilm and substrate interact? How and why does a spontaneous colonization and the formation of biofilms take place? What are biofilms and how can they be established in a laboratory setting? How can this existing knowledge be transferred to the artificial stone concrete so that this material can be tuned to increase (or decrease) its bioreceptivity?
This review paper aims at summarizing the existing state of knowledge on bioreceptive concrete and pointing out inconsistencies and contradictions which can only be removed by more interdisciplinary research in the field.
KW - Bioreceptivity
KW - Biofilm
KW - Green facades
KW - Developing building materials
KW - Surface interactions
KW - Concrete
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581685
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107201
SN - 2352-7102
VL - 76
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-58168
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Richter, Matthias
A1 - Musyanovych, Anna
A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
T1 - Preparation of novel emission reference materials: μ-capsules & impregnated porous materials
N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by furniture and
building materials can cause health issues. For an
improvement of indoor air quality low emitting materials
should be used. Quality assurance and –control (QA/QC)
measures require an emission reference material (ERM) with a
predictable emission rate of VOCs. The idea is to use porous
materials as ERM, which store the VOCs inside their pores and
emit them constantly.
T2 - WORKSHOP: METROLOGY FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
CY - Mol, Belgium
DA - 18.10.2023
KW - Emission reference materials
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - Materials emissions test
KW - VOC
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-59961
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kromer, C.
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
A1 - Radunz, S.
A1 - Thiele, Dorothea
A1 - Laux, P.
A1 - Luch, A.
A1 - Tschiche, H.R.
T1 - ROS generating BODIPY loaded nanoparticles for photodynamic eradication of biofilms
N2 - Bacterial biofilms can pose a serious health risk to humans and are less susceptible
to antibiotics and disinfection than planktonic bacteria. Here, a novel method
for biofilm eradication based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing
a nanoparticle in conjunction with a BODIPY derivative as photosensitizer was
developed. Reactive oxygen species are generated upon illumination with
visible light and lead to a strong, controllable and persistent eradication of
both planktonic bacteria and biofilms. One of the biggest challenges in biofilm
eradication is the penetration of the antimicrobial agent into the biofilm and
its matrix. A biocompatible hydrophilic nanoparticle was utilized as a delivery
system for the hydrophobic BODIPY dye and enabled its accumulation within the
biofilm. This key feature of delivering the antimicrobial agent to the site of action
where it is activated resulted in effective eradication of all tested biofilms. Here,
3 bacterial species that commonly form clinically relevant pathogenic biofilms
were selected: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
mutans. The development of this antimicrobial photodynamic therapy tool for
biofilm eradication takes a promising step towards new methods for the much
needed treatment of pathogenic biofilms.
KW - Biofilm
KW - Antimicrobials
KW - Photodynamic therapy
KW - BODIPY
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587588
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1274715
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 15
AN - OPUS4-58758
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Protasov, E
A1 - Noah, J O
A1 - Kästle Silva, J O
A1 - Mies, U S
A1 - Hervé, V
A1 - Dietrich, C
A1 - Lang, K
A1 - Mikulski, L
A1 - Platt, K
A1 - Poehlein, A
A1 - Köhler-Ramm, T
A1 - Miambi, E
A1 - Boga, H I
A1 - Feldewert, C
A1 - Ngugi, G K
A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger
A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D
A1 - Šobotník, J
A1 - Daniel, R
A1 - Brune, A
T1 - Diversity and taxonomic revision of methanogens and other archaea in the intestinal tract of terrestrial arthropods
N2 - Methane emission by terrestrial invertebrates is restricted to millipedes, termites, cockroaches, and scarab beetles. The arthropod-associated archaea known to date belong to the orders Methanobacteriales, Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales, and in a few cases also to nonmethanogenic Nitrososphaerales and Bathyarchaeales. However, all major host groups are severely undersampled, and the taxonomy of existing lineages is not well developed. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes of arthropod-associated archaea are scarce, reference databases lack resolution, and the names of many taxa are either not validly published or under-classified and require revision. Here, we investigated the diversity of archaea in a wide range of methane-emitting arthropods, combining phylogenomic analysis of isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with amplicon sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. Our results allowed us to describe numerous new species in hitherto undescribed taxa among the orders Methanobacteriales (Methanacia, Methanarmilla, Methanobaculum, Methanobinarius, Methanocatella, Methanoflexus, Methanorudis, and Methanovirga, all gen. nova), Methanomicrobiales (Methanofilum and Methanorbis, both gen. nova), Methanosarcinales (Methanofrustulum and Methanolapillus, both gen. nova), Methanomassiliicoccales (Methanomethylophilaceae fam. nov., Methanarcanum, Methanogranum, Methanomethylophilus, Methanomicula, Methanoplasma, Methanoprimaticola, all gen. nova), and the new family Bathycorpusculaceae (Bathycorpusculum gen. nov.). Reclassification of amplicon libraries from this and previous studies using this new taxonomic framework revealed that arthropods harbor only CO2 and methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens.
Numerous genus-level lineages appear to be present exclusively in arthropods,suggesting long evolutionary trajectories with their termite, cockroach, and millipede hosts, and a radiation into various microhabitats and ecological nichesprovided by their digestive tracts (e.g., hindgut compartments, gut wall, or anaerobic protists). The distribution patterns among the different host groups are often complex, indicating a mixed mode of transmission and a parallel evolution of invertebrate and vertebrate-associated lineages.
KW - Nitrososphaerales
KW - Archaea
KW - Methanogens
KW - Gut microbiota
KW - Termites
KW - Cockroaches
KW - Millipedes
KW - Bathyarchaeia
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588230
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281628
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - Frontiers
AN - OPUS4-58823
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Bresch, Harald
T1 - Competence Center nano@BAM Welcomes ISO/TC 229 Meeting in Berlin
N2 - The Competence Center nano@BAM is presented. Examples directly related to the activities of the ISO Technical Committee TC 229 Nanotechnologies as well as BAM projects on nano reference measurement procedures, nano reference materials and nano reference data sets are showed.
T2 - The 32nd ISO/TC 229 IEC/TC 113 JWG2 General Meeting
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 06.11.2023
KW - ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Nano@BAM
KW - Reference materials
KW - Reference data
KW - Reference procedures
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58814
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cohen, Zina
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
A1 - Rabin, Ira
ED - Lattuati-Derieux, Agnès
ED - Ribeyrol, Charlotte
ED - Heginbotham, Arlen
T1 - Black Carolingian inks under examination. Part 1: recipes and literature survey
N2 - Black writing materials of different types and compositions have varied in use over time and different geographical regions. With this paper, we would like to contribute to their study by listing and reviewing recipes for black writing inks that were in circulation in the Carolingian Empire as well as by referencing the archaeometric analyses of the black inks used in the manuscripts. The studies presented here that involved the humanities and natural sciences provide new insights into how the scholars of the early Medieval Ages organized manuscripts.
N2 - L’emploi des differents types de materiaux d’ecriture noirs et leurs compositions ont varie selon les epoques et les regions. Nous souhaitons ici contribuer a leur etude en repertoriant et en analysant les recettes d’encres de calligraphie noires en circulation dans l’Empire carolingien, ainsi qu’en procedant au referencement des analyses archeometriques des encres noires utilisees dans les manuscrits. Faisant appel aux sciences humaines et aux sciences naturelles, ces analyses apportent un eclairage nouveau sur la maniere dont les savants du haut Moyen Age organisaient les manuscrits.
KW - Ink
KW - Manuscript
KW - Middle Ages
KW - Recipes
KW - Ink analyses
KW - Carolingian
PY - 2023
SN - 1254-7867
VL - 2023
IS - 55
SP - 90
EP - 95
PB - Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France
CY - Paris
AN - OPUS4-58839
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lange, Diana
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
ED - Lois, C.
T1 - Colours on East Asian Maps
N2 - Maps and colours have a close connection. Drawn or printed in black on white, subsequently added colours enhance maps with additional information. Colours were not just there to improve maps aesthetically, but they regulated how they were read and thus reinforced their meanings, significances and ideas. Colour is an important key to a more precise understanding of the map’s purposes and uses; moreover, colours are also an important aspect of a map’s materiality. The material scientific analysis makes it possible to find out more about the making of colours and the process of colouring maps. By skillfully deploying colours, map colourists were able to create mimetic representations of nature or codify information in an abstract form. The use of colours involved many considerations as to the materials. ‘Reading’ colours in this way gives a glimpse into the social lives of mapmakers as well as map users and reveals the complexity of the historical and social context in which maps were produced and how the maps were actually made. Within the scope of the three-year joint research project Coloured Maps (2018–2021), we undertook an in-depth and systematic study of hand-drawn and hand-coloured maps from East Asia in the Museum am Rothenbaum (MARKK) in Hamburg and produced between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries.
With a multi-perspective approach and transdisciplinary methods (humanities and the sciences), we were able to pool and compare the research results from different fields of research on Asian maps. The aim of this publication is to provide a first general overview of the subject of colours on maps in East Asia in the period from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century and to stimulate further research on the topic.
KW - Maps and colours
KW - Colouring
KW - Colourants
KW - Dyes and pigments
KW - Map production and publishing
KW - Non-invasive scientific methods
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569682
UR - https://brill.com/display/title/61839
SN - 978-90-04-54562-5
VL - 2023
SP - 1
EP - 79
PB - Brill
CY - Leiden, Netherlands
AN - OPUS4-56968
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Aumont, Cedric
A1 - Beránková, T.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Radek, R.
A1 - Akama, P. D.
A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D.
A1 - Sobotnik, J.
ED - Scholtz, G.
T1 - The ultrastructure of the rostral gland in soldiers of Verrucositermes tuberosus (Blattodea: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)
N2 - The soil-feeding habit is an evolutionary novelty found in some advanced groups of termites. The study of such groups is important to revealing interesting adaptations to this way-of-life. The genus Verrucositermes is one such example, characterized by peculiar outgrowths on the head capsule, antennae and maxillary palps, which are not found in any other termite. These structures have been hypothesized to be linked to the presence of a new exocrine organ, the rostral gland, whose structure has remained unexplored.
We have thus studied the ultrastructure of the epidermal layer of the head capsule of Verrucositermes tuberosus soldiers.We describe the ultrastructure of the rostral gland, which consists of class 3 secretory cells only. The dominant secretory organelles comprise rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which provide secretions delivered to the surface of the head, likely made of peptide-derived components of unclear function. We discuss a possible role of the rostral gland of soldiers as an adaptation to the frequent encounter with soil pathogens during search for new food resources.
KW - Soil-feeding habit
KW - Advanced groups of termites
KW - New exocrine organ
KW - Rostral gland
KW - Epidemal layer
KW - Peptide-derived components
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2023.101238
SN - 1467-8039
VL - 73
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-57046
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger
T1 - It´s just a point of view – destructions and creations of cultural objects by artifact pests
N2 - Woodworms, carpet beetles, clothes moths and termites are well known pests on artifacts of cultural importance. Lately also silverfish have gained importance. Protection of our cultural heritage for future generations is not a new task but the methods have changed. Conventional use of pesticides in the past has preserved precious objects up to the presence, which otherwise probably would have been lost over time due to the destruction by insects and microbes. However, several of the objects were contaminated with poisons in such a manner that they became unsafe to be handled and thus are useless for exhibitions or scientific studies.
Today, the concept of Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) provides guidance for non-residue treatments of infested objects, followed by save storage or display under pest free (or maximum pest reduced) environments. Inert fumigants, physical and biological control measure, precise monitoring, threshold evaluations and detailed knowledge of the pest`s biology are key elements within IMPM.
Woodworms, clothes moths and termites, however, are not always considered as only pests. Some professionals have also used them to produce new pieces of art or for the installation of ephemeral displays. Under more or less controlled conditions, the insects´ destructive nature on wood or textiles has been turned around to a process of creation with aesthetic or philosophical messages.
Destructive or creative - it just depends on the point of view!
T2 - XII European Congress of Entomology
CY - Heraklion, Greece
DA - 16.10.23
KW - Museum Pests
KW - Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM)
KW - Cultural Entomology
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58651
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jiang, Shixiong
A1 - Marco, H. G.
A1 - Scheich, Nina
A1 - He, S.
A1 - Wang, Z.
A1 - Gäde, G.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Comparative analysis of adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea reveals novel patterns of gene evolution
N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilising carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the haemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial wood roaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs.
Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite, subsocial (Cryptocercus spp.) and solitary cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. Our study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches.
KW - Adipokinetic hormone
KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor
KW - ‘Green’ pesticide
KW - Neuropeptide
KW - Termite
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579141
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12861
SN - 0962-1075
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Wiley online library
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-57914
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dopffel, N.
A1 - An-Stepec, B. A.
A1 - de Rezende, J.
A1 - Machado de Sousa, D.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
T1 - Microbiology of Underground Hydrogen Storage
N2 - Climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges facing our society, particularly due to the continued use of fossil fuels. The steadily increasing demand for energy and the continuously growing world population will further intensify these challenges. The development of renewable energies is therefore of central importance. The 2020 EU Energy Roadmap aims to increase the share of renewable energies (gross energy consumption) to 55% by 2050.
Hydrogen (H2) has the highest potential to become the primary renewable energy source. It is envisioned that by 2050 up to 24% of the total energy demand of Europe is to be ensured by H2. However, a decisive disadvantage of the climate friendly alternatives is the massive containment demand, which needs to be highly secure, cost efficient and easily extractable.
Underground geological formations (UGF) represent a seemingly optimal alternative to meet the rapidly increasing storage demand. In this context, many studies are currently underway to determine the feasibility and risks of UGF. However, little or no consideration is being given to microbiology. Therefore, in this Research Topic we will focus on achieving a greater understanding of the impact microorganisms exert on UGF, with a particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies.
As many subsurface microbial communities can use H2 as an electron donor, production of seemingly undesirable metabolic byproducts, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, and acids, are also to be expected. However, the rate of the H2 conversion by the microorganisms, how their metabolic activities impact the UGF on a short-term and long-term scale, the extent of damages microorganisms exert on the infrastructure, or potential use of microorganisms to enhance UGF are just a few questions that require urgent research to assess the role of microorganisms in this new anthropogenic use of the subsurface environment. These and many questions can be addressed in this article collection. In particular, understanding microbial community changes and activity rates will help assess operational and environmental risks, develop mitigation strategies and provide new insights on life under extreme conditions (i.e., pressure, salinity).
In this Research Topic, the editorial team particularly welcomes Original Research, Hypothesis and Theory, Method, and Review manuscripts that deal with the latest advances in microbiology in formations that are planned or currently prepared for hydrogen storage, from both fundamental and practical points of view. The ultimate objective is to promote a deeper understanding into the sustainability of UGF and generate interdisciplinary research involving microbiologists, reservoir engineers, geologists, chemists, physicists.
The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
• Microbial diversity in different underground hydrogen storage sites or formations currently being considered for hydrogen storage
• Mechanism and impact of microbial growth under high H2 pressure
• Potential role of microorganisms in the short-term and long-term storage of hydrogen
• Potential influences of microorganisms on the hydrogen storage infrastructure systems, e.g., microbiologically influenced corrosion, biofilm growth
• Hydrogen-solid-microorganism interactions, including the influence of microbial growth on UGF geological parameters
• Mechanism and modelling of microbial impact on hydrogen storage
UGF relevant for this Research Topic include porous media, salt caverns, deep aquifers, hard rock caverns and depleted oil/gas reservoirs.
KW - Biodeterioration and biodegradation
KW - Geology
KW - Anaerobic pathways
KW - Microbial simulation,
KW - Hydrogen storage
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579042
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1242619
SN - 2296-598X
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - Frontiers
CY - Frontiers in Energy Research
AN - OPUS4-57904
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Knisz, J.
A1 - Eckert, R.
A1 - Gieg, L.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
A1 - Lee, J.
A1 - Silva, E.
A1 - Skovhus, T. L.
A1 - An-Stepec, B. A.
A1 - Wade, S. A.
T1 - Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion - More than just Microorganisms
N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon of increasing concern which affects various materials and sectors of society. MIC describes the effects, often negative, that a material can experience due to the presence of microorganisms. Unfortunately, although several research groups and industrial actors worldwide have already addressed MIC, discussions are fragmented, while information sharing and willingness to reach out to other disciplines is limited. A truly interdisciplinary approach, that would be logical for this material/biology/chemistry-related challenge, is rarely taken. In this review we highlight critical non-biological aspects of MIC that can sometimes be overlooked by microbiologists working on MIC but are highly relevant for an overall understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we identify gaps, methods and approaches to help solve MIC related challenges, with an emphasis on the MIC of metals. We also discuss the application of existing tools and approaches for managing MIC and propose ideas to promote an improved understanding of MIC. Furthermore, we highlight areas where the insights and expertise of microbiologists are needed to help progress this field.
KW - MIC
KW - Biodeterioration
KW - Biocorrosion
KW - Interdisciplinarity
KW - Multiple lines of evidence
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuad041
SN - 0168-6445
VL - 47
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 70
PB - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
AN - OPUS4-58066
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Aumont, Cedric
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Harnessing near-chromosome level quality genomes to explore the evolution of termite immunity
N2 - The phylogeny of the Blattodea boasts a wide degree of sociality spanning from solitary cockroaches to advanced ecosystem-dominating higher termite societies. The emergence of sociality in termites was associated with the acquisition of a diverse range of social structures. Previous work has found evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites leading to an immune system that may favour group over individual defence. While preliminary work suggests a correlation between social transitions and a reduction of immune gene family diversity, the lack of available high-quality termite genomes hampers complete knowledge of the true diversity of immune gene evolution across termite phylogeny. Here, we report on the sequencing and near-chromosome level assembly of 48 high-quality long-read-based genomes across major termite and cockroach sister-branch lineages. We investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of immune genes across genomes, focusing particular attention on correlations between immune gene evolution and transitions in sociality over termite phylogeny.
T2 - Royal Entomological Society Annual Meeting - Ento23
CY - University of Exeter, Falmouth, UK
DA - 05.09.2023
KW - Immune gene family
KW - Termite phylogeny
KW - Eusociality
KW - Group defence
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58296
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Aumont, Cedric
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Immune gene family diversity across insects and Blattodea
N2 - Insecta is one of the most diverse phyla in the animal kingdom, with species living in all types of habitats encountering an even greater diversity of pathogens and parasites. Defence strategies against such harmful threats led to a variety of molecular mechanisms, ecological shifts, and genetic innovations. Gene families underlying the molecular basis of the immune responses have evolved within the boundaries given by the species ecology. Here, we explore the evolution of some emblematic immune gene families throughout the Insecta phylum shedding light on remarkable genetic events such as gene duplication or gene loss. We followed a workflow based on the Hidden Markov model to search for immune genes in 55 high-quality genomes of insects. We highlight the emergence of group defence in social species as an ecological shift that released selection pressure on immune gene families notably in Blattodea. Further, we draw attention to certain gene families and the link between their diversity and the specificities of the species’ microbiota. Overall, we report data on immune gene diversity in insects.
T2 - International Conference for Blattodea Research
CY - Münster, Germany
DA - 03.04.2023
KW - Immune gene family
KW - Genomics
KW - Blattodea
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58298
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Jiang, Shixiong
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea: a comparative analysis
N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilizing carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the hemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor (AKHRs) sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial woodroaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs. Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite and cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. This study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches.
T2 - International Conference for Blattodea Research
CY - Münster, Germany
DA - 03.04.2023
KW - Adipokinetic hormone
KW - Neuropeptide
KW - Termite
KW - Green pesticide
KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58299
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Bresch, Harald
T1 - VAMAS Regional Report Germany
N2 - Regional standardisation activities and how VAMAS can help in any way to promote activities are reported.
Activities related to organisational updates, government initiatives/priorities (especially related to Materials), details of any strategy documents publicly available, networks within Germany and how we engage are presented.
T2 - Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) 48th Steering Committee Meeting
CY - New Delhi, India
DA - 09.10.2023
KW - VAMAS
KW - Standardisation
PY - 2023
UR - https://www.nplindia.org/index.php/amcsnzt_2023/
AN - OPUS4-58572
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schraut, Katharina
A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Stephan, D.
A1 - Simon, Sebastian
A1 - von Werder, Julia
A1 - Meng, Birgit
T1 - Production of a hydraulic material from post-treated steelmaking slags
N2 - Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel production of which 4.5 Mt were produced in 2020 in Germany alone. It is mainly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical circle, used as fertilizer or landfilled.
With this use, iron oxides still contained in steelmaking slag are lost. In addition, the possibility of producing higher-grade products from steelmaking slag is foregone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) via a reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of the reduced slag is adapted to that of the Portland cement clinker.
In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as a reducing agent. The resulting low-iron mineral product had a similar chemical composition to Portland cement clinker and was rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite (Ca3SiO5). Based on its chemical and mineralogical composition, similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS has the potential to react comparably. In our study, the reduced BOFS produced less heat of hydration compared to OPC and its hydraulic reaction was delayed. However, adding gypsum has been shown to accelerate the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS compared to that known from the calcium silicates of Portland cement clinker.
Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced slag is essential. If successful, producing a hydraulic binder and crude iron from BOFS could have economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industry.
T2 - 16th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement ICCC 2023
CY - Bangkok, Thailand
DA - 18.09.2023
KW - Steelmaking slag
KW - Alite hydraulic reactivity
KW - Clinker substitute
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58522
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Hennehan, M.J.
A1 - Frick, D.A.
A1 - von Blanckenburg, F.
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - The role of melanin in fungal mineral weathering and metal corrosion
N2 - Melanins are organic pigments produced by most fungi. These organisms either fix these pigments in their cell wall or secrete them into their extracellular environment to protect themselves against an array of physicochemical stresses (e.g., UV irradiation, desiccation, ...). Melanin can adsorb metals like Fe. How this affects fungal uptake of Fe and deterioration of Fe-containing minerals and metals is however less known. To study this, we use the model fungi Knufia petricola A95, a rock-inhabiting fungus known to deteriorate minerals and have melanised cell walls, and Amorphotheca resinae, able to contaminate fuel tanks, secrete melanin and corrode metals. In K. petricola, we have deleted genes involved in melanin production and Fe uptake using CRISPR/Cas. Through comparison of the geochemical signatures of these gene deletion mutants with those of the wild type (WT), we explore the specific mineral/metal deterioration mechanisms of melanised fungi.
Fe isotope signatures of the biomass of melanin- and Fe uptake-deficient mutants of K. petricola revealed that Fe adsorbed either directly onto melanin or after being reduced by Fe reductases. Importantly, once adsorbed to melanin, Fe could not be mobilised and taken up into the cell: both the WT and its melanin-deficient mutant, previously grown at Fe replete conditions, showed similar growth at Fe deficient conditions.
Olivine dissolution experiments revealed that Fe oxidation inhibits dissolution. K. petricola was able to enhance dissolution when this inhibition is strongest (at pH 6) and prevented dissolution when this inhibition is weakest (at pH 4). The fungus therefore dissolves olivine by interacting with the oxidised Fe at the olivine surface. However, Fe uptake did not seem to be involved: mutants deficient in various Fe uptake mechanism dissolved olivine at the same rate as the WT. This indicates that Fe adsorption onto melanin might play a key role. This is also shown by K. petricola’s ability to enhance olivine dissolution even further if secreting a melanin precursor and A. resinae’s corrosion of carbon steel whilst secreting melanin. Combined, our results imply that the Fe adsorbed to melanin cannot be taken up but enables fungi to deteriorate Fe-containing substrates at a higher rate.
T2 - Goldschmidt 2023 Conference
CY - Lyon, Frankreich
DA - 10.07.2023
KW - MIC
KW - Bio-weathering
KW - Olivine
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58523
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bell, Jérémy
A1 - Climent, Estela
A1 - Gotor, Raúl
A1 - Tobias, Charlie
A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro M.
A1 - Rurack, Knut
T1 - Dipstick coated with polystyrene-silica core-shell particles for the detection of microbiological fuel contamination
N2 - Microbial contamination of fuels by fungi or bacteria poses risks such as corrosion and fuel system fouling, which can lead to critical problems in refineries and distribution systems and has a significant economic impact at every stage of the process. Many factors have been cited as being responsible for microbial growth, like the presence of water in the storage tanks. In fact, only 1 % water in a storage system is sufficient for the growth of microorganisms like bacteria or yeasts, as well as for the development of fungal biomass at the oil/water interface.
This work presents a rapid test for the accurate determination of genomic DNA from aqueous fuel extracts. The detection is based on the use of polystyrene-mesoporous silica core-shell particles onto which modified fluorescent molecular beacons are covalently grafted. These beacons contain in the hairpin loop a target sequence highly conserved in all bacteria, corresponding to a fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA subunit. The designed single-stranded molecular beacon contained fluorescein as an internal indicator and a quencher in its proximity when not hybridized. Upon hybridization in presence of the target sequence, the indicator and the quencher are spatially separated, resulting in fluorescence enhancement. To perform the assay the developed particles were deposited on different glass fibre strips to obtain a portable and sensitive rapid test. The assays showed that the presence of genomic DNA extracts from bacteria down to 50–70 μg L–1 induced a fluorescence response. The optical read-out was adapted for on-site monitoring by fitting a 3D-printed case to a conventional smartphone, taking advantages of the sensitivity of the CMOS detector. Such embedded assembly enabled the detection of genomic DNA in aqueous extracts down to the mg L–1 range and represents an interesting step toward on-site monitoring of fuel contamination.
T2 - IMA 2023
CY - Chania, Greece
DA - 18.09.2023
KW - Teststreifen
KW - Test strip
KW - Microbial
KW - Mikrobiell
KW - Smartphone
KW - Particles
KW - Partikeln
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58526
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Schwirn, K.
A1 - Kuhlbusch, T.
A1 - Völker, D.
T1 - OECD TG 125 Particle size and size distribution of Nanomaterials
N2 - This presentation was held in an OECD Webinar introducing the newly developed and published OECD TG 125 on particle size and size distribution. The presentation is explaining the structure if the TG 125 and addresses all included methods and methodologies in a short and understandable way for the broader public. The presentation includes sections about nano-particles and nano-fibres.
T2 - Webinar Series on Testing and Assessment Methodologies
CY - Online meeting
DA - 07.02.2023
KW - Nano
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - OECD
KW - Test guideline
KW - Size
PY - 2023
UR - https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/nanomet/presentations-webinar-nanomaterials-particle-size-distribution-test-guideline-125.pdf
AN - OPUS4-58447
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -