TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CF Pyro: Safe Treatment of CFRP Waste for a Sustainable Future N2 - The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), as lightweight materials essential for the transformation, demands for a safe treatment option of carbon fiber (CF) containing waste streams. Because of their low reactivity towards oxidation processes, CF can neither be treated in a conventional nor hazardous waste incineration plant. Even the extremely high temperature in a cement rotary kiln does not lead to full conversion. To increase the sustainability of CF, other processes need to be investigated. Opening other reaction pathways, using CF waste streams as secondary resource in pyrometallurgy to replace fossil carbon, can be a solution for a safe and sustainable treatment. To support the industrial application, experiments on different scales were conducted. Here, results of thermochemical investigations, reactivity studies, crucible experiments and pilot plat trials are reported. T2 - CU Projektforum CY - Online meeting DA - 19.01.2023 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CF Pyro Stofflich energetische Verwertung von carbonfaserhaltigen Abfällen in der Pyrometallurgie 4. Sitzung des projektbegleitenden Ausschusses N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse und diskutieren deren Limitierungen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen auf, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Neben der Vorstellung von wichtigen fundamentalen experimentellen Erkenntnissen wird ihre Bedeutung für den Wandel zum zirkulären Wirtschaften diskutiert. T2 - 4. PA Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 26.06.2023 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58092 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Das Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau N2 - Neben Ressourceneinsparungen in der Produktion sorgen moderne Leichtbauwerkstoffe und -technologien für Energieeinsparungen in der Nutzungsphase. Auf diese Weise sowie als Enabler für eine Vielzahl an Zukunftstechnologien, wie zum Beispiel erneuerbare Energien, Elektromobilität und die Wasserstoffwirtschaft, ist Leichtbau fundamental für die Entkopplung des Wirtschaftswachstums vom Ressourcenverbrauch, die Erreichung der Ziele des Green Deals und eine Nachhaltige Zukunft. Um marktnahe Potentiale für Klima- und Ressourcenschutz vollständig zu heben und Herausforderungen wie die Kreislauffähigkeit im Leichtbau aktiv zu adressieren, fördert das BMWK marktnahe Innovationen im Leichtbau mit den Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau (TTP LB) Auch für die BAM bietet das TTP LB interessante Möglichkeiten, Forschungsvorhaben umzusetzen. Derzeit werden vier Projekte mit BAM-Beteiligung gefördert. In diesem Webinar stellen wir Ihnen die gesamte Breite des Leichtbaus vor und zeigen Ihnen damit direkte Anknüpfungspunkte zu Ihrer Forschung. Dafür wird das TTP LB vorgestellt, werden wertvolle Einblicke zur Antragstellung gegeben und der Weg zum Erfolg wird am Beispiel des BAM-Projektes SmartWeld skizziert. Neben der Erläuterung von technischen Details und formalen Anforderungen des Förderprogramms möchten wir ebenfalls versuchen, einen kleinen Ausblick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen zu geben. T2 - Webinar TTP LB CY - Online meeting DA - 11.01.2023 KW - Leichtbau KW - Forschungsförderung KW - Technologietransfer PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58093 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Carbon fibre composites exemplarily research at BAM N2 - Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given. T2 - Meeting KCarbon CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.06.2023 KW - Lightweighting KW - Carbon Fibers KW - Recycling KW - Push-out Test KW - multi scale testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 52, Heft 4 T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 4/2022 KW - Zulassungen KW - Anerkennungen PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567677 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 405 EP - 460 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56767 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chubarenko, B. A1 - Domnin, D. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Leitsin, V. A1 - Tovpinets, A. A1 - Karmanov, K. A1 - Esiukova, E. T1 - Change over Time in theMechanical Properties of Geosynthetics Used in Coastal Protection in the South-Eastern Baltic N2 - The most massive design on the Baltic shore used geosynthetic materials, the landslide protection construction in Svetlogorsk (1300 m long, 90,000 m2 area, South-Eastern Baltic, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian Federation) comprises the geotextile and the erosion control geomat coating the open-air cliff slopes. Due to changes in elastic properties during long-term use in the open air, as well as due to its huge size, this structure can become a non-negligible source of microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea. Weather conditions affected the functioning of the structure, so it was assessed that geosynthetic materials used in this outdoor (open-air) operation in coastal protection structures degraded over time. Samples taken at points with different ambient conditions (groundwater outlet; arid places; exposure to the direct sun; grass cover; under landslide) were tested on crystallinity and strain at break. Tests showed a 39–85% loss of elasticity of the polymer filaments after 3 years of use under natural conditions. Specimens exposed to sunlight are less elastic and more prone to fail, but not as much as samples taken from shaded areas in the grass and under the landslide, which were the most brittle. KW - Geosynthetics KW - Microplastic KW - Degradation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567978 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/113 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010113 SN - 2077-1312 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56797 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mazumdar, Tilottama A1 - Bartholomäus, A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter ED - Rokas, A. T1 - Draft Genome of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 N2 - Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 is a generalist entomopathogenic fungus. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of such fungi in insects like termites are not completely understood. Here, we report the draft genome sequence, as sequenced on the Oxford Nanopore platform. The genome has a GC% of 47.82 and a size of 45,688,865 bp KW - Draft Genome KW - Entomopathogenic Fungus KW - Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 KW - Mechanisms of pathogenesis KW - Infecting a number of insects, KW - Close proximity to colonies PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573186 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01267-22 SN - 2576-098X VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - ASM Journals CY - Nashville, USA AN - OPUS4-57318 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Investigation of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils and groundwater through fluorine K-edge XANES spectroscopy – potential for collaboration N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms and which include more than 4730 compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Furthermore, current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill and analyzed the PFAS defluorination. In this presentation the advantages of fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for various environment samples are shown. T2 - SESAME-Germany Info Day CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 21.04.2023 KW - Soil KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Synchotron KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung; Gefährlich oder nicht? N2 - In Deutschland fallen aktuell pro Jahr über 5 Mio. Tonnen Hausmüllverbrennungs-aschen (HMVA) an. Eine Verwertung dieser Aschen und Schlacken ist in Deutschland möglich und findet überwiegend im Deponiebau statt. Für die Verwertung sind in der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung Eluatgrenzwerte für Schwermetalle und einige andere Parameter vorgesehen. Der Umgang mit HMVA könnte durch eine Einstufung als gefährlicher Abfall erschwert werden. Maßgeblich für die Einstufung eines Abfalls als gefährlich oder ungefährlich sind die gefahrenrelevanten Eigenschaften HP 1 bis HP 15 nach Anhang III der Richtlinie 2008/98/EG über Abfälle mit dort festgelegten Konzentrationsgrenzen. Für HMVA ist im Wesentlichen nur der Parameter HP 14 (Ökotoxizität) von Bedeutung. Dafür sind entscheidend die Gehalte an chemischen Verbindungen mit den Gefahrenhinweiscodes (hazard statement code, HSC) H400, H410, H411, H412 und H413. Eine detaillierte Diskussion zu den übrigen Gefahreneigenschaften bei HMVA findet sich in der Literatur. Die Einstufung als gefährlicher Abfall erfolgt nach festgelegten Rechenregeln. Die BAM bearbeitet ein durch das UBA gefördertes Forschungsprojekt zur Erfassung und Bewertung von Analysedaten zu Aschen und Schlacken aus Abfallverbrennungsanlagen. Die Ergebnisse des Vorhabens sollen bei der Weiterentwicklung des vorhandenen Konzeptes für eine bundeseinheitlichen Untersuchung und abfallrechtlichen Einordnung von Aschen und Schlacken aus deutschen Abfallverbrennungsanlagen unterstützend herangezogen werden. Im Vortrag werden Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung der einstufungsrelevanten Verbindungen vorgestellt: 1.) der Praxisleitfaden von ITAD und IGAM, 2.) Methode basierend auf der Bioverfügbarkeit und 3.) Methode basierend auf Speziierungsanalyse. T2 - Jahrestreffen 2023 der DECHEMA-Fachgruppen AuW und TRO CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - Rostasche KW - Speziierungsanalyse KW - Abfallbehandlung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57346 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Meggyes, Tamas ED - Zhang, H. X. T1 - Sustainable Remediation Methods for Metals and Radionuclides N2 - Sustainability has become the conscientious and future-oriented principle of modern resource management and environmental protection because caring for the future is tantamount to providing manageable and healthy surroundings for ourselves. For the foreseeable future, geotechnical and environmental engineers must therefore be concerned with ensuring a healthy balance between extraction, processing, manufacturing, utilization, recycling, and disposal of materials and products. KW - Permeable reactive barriers KW - Uranium mining KW - Groundwater KW - Electrochemical remediation PY - 2023 SN - 978-1-0716-2465-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2466-1_63 SN - 2629-2378 SP - 251 EP - 284 PB - Springer Science+Business Media CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-58018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jiang, Shixiong T1 - Adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea: a comparative analysis N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilizing carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the hemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor (AKHRs) sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial woodroaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs. Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite and cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. This study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches. T2 - International Conference for Blattodea Research CY - Münster, Germany DA - 03.04.2023 KW - Adipokinetic hormone KW - Neuropeptide KW - Termite KW - Green pesticide KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keshmiri, Hamid A1 - Cikes, Domagoj A1 - Samalova, Marketa A1 - Schindler, Lukas A1 - Appel, Lisa-Marie A1 - Urbanek, Michal A1 - Yudushkin, Ivan A1 - Slade, Dea A1 - Weninger, Wolfgang J. A1 - Peaucelle, Alexis A1 - Penninger, Josef A1 - Elsayad, Kareem T1 - Brillouin light scattering anisotropy microscopy for imaging the viscoelastic anisotropy in living cells N2 - Maintaining and modulating mechanical anisotropy is essential for biological processes. However, how this is achieved at the microscopic scale in living soft matter is not always clear. Although Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy can probe the mechanical properties of materials, spatiotemporal mapping of mechanical anisotropies in living matter with BLS microscopy has been complicated by the need for sequential measurements with tilted excitation and detection angles. Here we introduce Brillouin light scattering anisotropy microscopy (BLAM) for mapping high-frequency viscoelastic anisotropy inside living cells. BLAM employs a radial virtually imaged phased array that enables the collection of angle-resolved dispersion in a single shot, thus enabling us to probe phonon modes in living matter along different directions simultaneously. We demonstrate a precision of 10 MHz in the determination of the Brillouin frequency shift, at a spatial resolution of 2 µm. Following proof-of-principle experiments on muscle myofibres, we apply BLAM to the study of two fundamental biological processes. In plant cell walls, we observe a switch from anisotropic to isotropic wall properties that may lead to asymmetric growth. In mammalian cell nuclei, we uncover a spatiotemporally oscillating elastic anisotropy correlated to chromatin condensation. Our results highlight the role that high-frequency mechanics can play in the regulation of diverse fundamental processes in biological systems. We expect BLAM to find diverse applications in biomedical imaging and material characterization. KW - Optical and magnetic materials KW - Atomic and molecular physics and optics KW - Electronic PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595125 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01368-w SN - 1749-4885 SN - 1749-4893 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 276 EP - 285 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London AN - OPUS4-59512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Amit Kumar A1 - Mishra, Biswajit A1 - Sinha, Om Prakash T1 - Reduction Kinetics of Fluxed Iron Ore Pellets Made of Coarse Iron Ore Particles N2 - The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2. KW - Materials Chemistry KW - Metals and Alloys KW - Process Metallurgy KW - Iron making PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598326 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202300669 SN - 1611-3683 IS - 2300669 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-59832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piehl, Patrick T1 - Thermochemische Aufarbeitung von Stahlwerksstäuben und -schlämmen zur Zink- und Eisenrückgewinnung N2 - Stahlwerksstäube und -schlämme enthalten in der Regel Schwermetalle wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium, die ein direktes Recycling verhindern und diese Stoffe potenziell umweltgefährdend machen. Um diese Schwermetalle aus den Materialien zu entfernen, werden drei thermochemische Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Gichtgasschlamm, Elektroofenstaub und ähnlichen Stahlwerksstäuben vorgestellt. Zum einen kann die Mischung von Elektroofenstaub mit chloridhaltigen Lösungen, wie sie z. B. in der Titandioxidproduktion anfallen, gemischt werden, um bei der thermischen Behandlung Schwermetallchloride zu effektiv verdampfen. Weiterhin kann der im Gichtgasschlamm enthaltene Kohlenstoff genutzt werden, um in Mischungen aus Gichtgasschlamm und Elektroofenstaub bei der thermischen Behandlung als Reduktionsmittel zu wirken. Dieses Verfahren führt zur Rückgewinnung von Zink und metallischem Eisen und wird im Technikums- und Pilotmaßstab erprobt. Abschließend wird die Nutzung von Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel für Elektroofenstaub vorgestellt. Hierbei lässt sich der Reststoff potenziell klimaneutral in Eisenschwamm umwandeln, wobei die chemischen Grundlagen anhand von DTA-Experimenten und thermodynamischen Simulationen ergründet werden. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Metallkreisläufe CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.04.2024 KW - Elektroofenstaub KW - Gichtgasschlamm KW - Recycling KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung KW - Zink PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Secondary building materials in a circular economy N2 - Half of the global material consumption is mineral material. The circularity is still low so that enhanced use of secondary building material is required to close loops. Three different secondary building materials are discussed based on exemplary research results: construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), soil-like material and incineration bottom ash (IBA). Focus was laid on the environmental compatibility of the materials examined mainly by standardized leaching tests. C&D waste was investigated after a wet treatment using a jigging machine, soil-like material and IBA were characterized with respect to their material composition. The environmental compatibility in particular was studied using standard leaching tests (batch tests and column tests). It was concluded that soil-like material can mostly be utilized even when the precautionary limit values set are exceeded by a factor of less than 2. For C&D waste the fine fraction below 2 mm and the content of brick material is problematic. IBA fulfills quality level HMVA-2 following German regulation. Higher quality levels of utilization might be achievable with better treatment technologies. T2 - 15th International Conference on Ecomaterials (ICEM15) CY - Iki, Japan DA - 26.11.2023 KW - Secondary building materials KW - Incineration bottom ash KW - Construction and demolition waste KW - Soil-like material PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59186 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp T1 - Assessment of the Long-Term Leaching Behavior of Incineration Bottom Ash: A Study of Two Waste Incinerators in Germany N2 - The long-term leaching behavior of incineration bottom ash (IBA) was studied with large-scale samples from two German waste incinerators with grate technology. The observation period was up to 281 days. The aging processes proceeded faster in the outdoor storage of the samples. The dominant factor in the leaching behavior is the pH, which starts at values above 12 and decreases to values below 10 (outdoors, <11 indoors). Most heavy metals exhibit minimum solubility in this pH range. The solubility of Sb depends on the prevailing Ca concentration, due to the formation of low-soluble Ca antimonate. The very low sulfate concentrations observed in the leaching tests with fresh IBA could be explained by the presence of ettringite. In the course of the aging reaction, ettringite is transformed into gypsum. The results from batch tests were compared with those from column tests, showing reasonable agreement. Leaching dynamics can be better followed with column tests. All results confirm that the use of IBA is possible under German law. KW - Aging KW - Incineration bottom ash KW - Leaching KW - Secondary building materials PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591599 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app132413228 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 13 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-59159 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Haas, Marco A1 - Pienkoß, Fabian A1 - Kwiatkowski, Robert T1 - Wet-mechanical treatment: Processing of bituminous road construction waste in a jigging machine N2 - Jigging machines are used in processing technology in many areas. Examples are the processing of coal, ores, and primary and secondary raw and waste materials. Even small differences in density are offen sufficient for successful sorting. In the work presented here, milled material from road construction waste contaminated with bitumen is to be separated from uncontaminated material. In this way, scarce landfill space could be saved and mineral material be returned to the material cycle. KW - Wet-mechanical treatment KW - Jig KW - Road construction waste PY - 2023 UR - https://www.at-minerals.com/de/artikel/aufbereitung-von-bitumenhaltigem-strassenaufbruch-in-einer-setzmaschine-4037512.html SN - 1434-9302 VL - 64 IS - 12 SP - 46 EP - 51 PB - Bauverlag BV GmbH CY - Gütersloh AN - OPUS4-59160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Sylfuryldiflourid im Holzschutz N2 - Die Anwendung von Sulfuryldiflourid ist auf den bekämpfenden Holzschutz gegen Insekten beschränkt. Die Anwendung in Deutschland regelt die DIN 68800 Teil 4 und das europäische Biozidgesetz. Zur Erhaltung von Kulturgut ist dieses Begasungsmittel einzigartig. T2 - Seminar E.: Symposium zukünftige Verwendung von Sulfuryldifluorid CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 17.04.2024 KW - Holzschutz KW - Begasung KW - Regelwerk PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59917 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Gleis, Markus ED - Thiel, Stephanie ED - Thome-Kozminesky, Elisabeth ED - Quicker, Pater ED - Gosten, Alexander ED - Stengler, Ella T1 - Einstufung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Hinblick auf die weitere Verwertung N2 - There are two mirror entries in the European Waste Catalogue for bottom ash and slag from waste incineration: 19 01 11* and 19 01 12. Entry 19 01 11* describes a waste material containing hazardous substances. It was shown that only the hazardous property HP14 (ecotoxic) is of relevance for the classification. If substances with the hazard statement code (HSC) H400, H410, H411, H412 and H413 are present in incineration bottom ash (IBA) above certain level the waste is classified as hazardous, otherwise it is non-hazardous (in this case 19 01 12). It was further shown that only Cu, Zn and Pb compounds have an impact on the classification using a summation rule: 100xΣ c(H410) + 10xΣ c(H411) + Σ c(H412). Limit value is 25 percent. It is obvious that H410 substances have the highest impact. Therefore, the knowledge of the elemental composition of IBA is not sufficient because the content of distinct chemical compounds (with the respective molecular weight) is needed. When the exact speciation is not known a worst-case approach has to be applied. A practical guideline for the estimation of HP14 was developed based on the definition of 4 substance groups: 1. Metals and alloys, 2. Water-soluble substances, 3. Oxides and carbonates and 4. Substances not soluble in weak acids. In substance group 1 only fine Zn powder has the HSC H410. Water-soluble substances are assumed to be H410 substances. Their concentrations are, however, regularly below the cut-off value of 0.1 %. The amount of substance group 3 is estimated by a selective extraction with maleic acid. According to the worst-case approach it is assumed that CuCO3xCu(OH)2 and ZnO represent the respective Cu and Zn species in IBA because these substances have the highest stochiometric factor. Even with this worst-case approach results from operators of IBA treatment plant showed that the limit value of 25 % is not exceeded. The requirements for utilization of IBA in Germany are defined in the Secondary Building Materials Decree (Ersatzbaustoffverordnung EBV) which was set into force in August 2023. Leaching methods (batch test or column test) with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2 l/kg are applied. IBA fulfills the requirements for class HMVA-2. Actually, even a classification of IBA as hazardous (i.e 19 01 11*) would not affect utilization but handling and transport. KW - Rostasche KW - Ökotoxizität KW - Ersatzbaustoffverordnung KW - XANES-Spektroskopie PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-944310-90-9 VL - 1 SP - 402 EP - 414 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Neuruppin ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-59465 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Athman, Rukeia A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Muth, Thilo A1 - Rädler, Jörg A1 - Rühle, Bastian T1 - Datenmanagement im Nanomaterial-Labor: Einsatz von ELN-Software zur digitalen Transformation des Laboralltags N2 - Angesichts der zunehmenden Digitalisierung und dem Einsatz datenintensiver Methodiken in der Wissenschaft stehen Forschende vor der Herausforderung, stetig wachsende Datenmengen nachvollziehbar zu dokumentieren, langfristig zu speichern und für Dritte nachnutzbar zu machen. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, bietet sich die Nutzung von Software-Lösungen an, welche Forschungsdatenmanagement mit der digitalen Dokumentation von Laborinventar und Experimenten in elektronischen Laborbüchern (engl. electronic lab notebooks (ELN)) verknüpfen. KW - NanoPlattform KW - BAM Data Store KW - OpenBIS KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement KW - Research data management KW - Elektronisches Laborbuch KW - Electronic lab notebook (ELN) PY - 2023 UR - https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content/article-do/datenmanagement-im-nanomaterial-labor SN - 0016-3538 IS - 9 SP - 24 EP - 26 PB - Wiley Analytical Science CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-59600 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra A1 - Mazumdar, Tilottama A1 - Jiang, Shixiong A1 - Radek, Renate A1 - Thiem, Julian N. A1 - Feng, Linshan A1 - Petrašiūnaitė, Vesta A1 - Banasiak, Ronald A1 - Golian, Marek A1 - Gleske, Melanie A1 - Christophe, Lucas A1 - Springer, Andreas A1 - Buellesbach, Jan A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Defensive behavior is linked to altered surface chemistry following infection in a termite society N2 - The care-kill response determines whether a sick individual will be treated or eliminated from an insect society, but little is known about the physiological underpinnings of this process. We exploited the stepwise infection dynamics of an entomopathogenic fungus in a termite to explore how care-kill transitions occur, and identify the chemical cues behind these shifts. We found collective responses towards pathogen-injected individuals to vary according to severity and timing of pathogen challenge, with elimination, via cannibalism, occurring sooner in response to a severe active infection. However, injection with inactivated fungal blastospores also resulted in increased albeit delayed cannibalism, even though it did not universally cause host death. This indicates that the decision to eliminate an individual is triggered before pathogen viability or terminal disease status has been established. We then compared the surface chemistry of differently challenged individuals, finding increased amounts of long-chained methyl-branched alkanes with similar branching patterns in individuals injected with both dead and viable fungal blastospores, with the latter showing the largest increase. This coincided with the highest amounts of observed cannibalism as well as signs of severe moribundity. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into the emergent collective behaviors involved in the disease defense of a termite society. KW - Termite KW - Social Immunity KW - CHC KW - Pathogen PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594468 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42947-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-59446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Lichte der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung N2 - Im Rahmen eines vom Umweltbundesamt geförderten Forschungsprojekts wurde untersucht, ob die Abtrennung der Feinfraktion (0-2 mm) eine Verbesserung der umweltrelevanten Eigenschaften bewirkt und somit HMVA-1 erreicht werden kann. In Deutschland wird die Rostasche durch Nassentschlackungssysteme aus dem Feuerraum ausgetragen. Durch den Kontakt mit Wasser setzen direkt hydraulische Reaktionen ein, die eine vollständige Abtrennung der Feinfraktion unmöglich machen. Das wurde bereits in den 1990er Jahren erkannt und führte zur Entwicklung des ABB InRec Verfahrens mit Trockenentaschung als ersten Verfahrensschritt. Auch damals war das Ziel eine möglichst inerte Rostasche für die Verwertung zu erzeugen. In den letzten Jahren wurden in der Schweiz Trockenentaschungssystem installiert, hier vor allem um die Rückgewinnung von elementaren Metallen auch in der Feinfraktion zu verbessern. Welche Potenziale sich dabei erschließen lassen, wurde in einem anderen UBA-Projekt untersucht. Im Rahmen unserer Arbeiten wurde versuchsweise trockene Rostasche an einer Anlage in Süddeutschland genommen und im Labor untersucht. Im Vortrag werden die Ergebnisse zum Auslaugverhalten und zur Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (Ökotoxizität) vorgestellt. T2 - Jahrestreffen 2024 der DECHEMA-Fachgruppen Abfallbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (AuW) und Gasreinigung (GAS) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.03.2024 KW - Rostasche KW - Ersatzbaustoffe PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59985 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Evolutionsbiologischer Ursprung von Holz-, Material- und Vorratsschädlingen sowie ihre vermeintlichen Anpassungen an den synanthropen Lebensraum N2 - Zahlreiche Insektenarten unter den Käfern und Schmetterlingen besitzen die ökologische Potenz, trockene Materialien pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs als Nahrungs- und Brutsubstrat zu nutzen. Daher findet man diese Tiere auch an und in vom Menschen angelegten Nahrungsvorräten wie z. B. Getreidespeicher, an Kleidungs- und an Gebrauchsgegenständen aus Wolle, Pelzen oder Fellen sowie an oder in natürlichen Baumaterialien wie Holz. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht werden sie dann als Vorrats- bzw. Materialschädlinge bezeichnet. Vorrats- und Materialschädlinge haben sehr ähnliche Lebensstrategien. Sie verfügen über eine breite Toleranz gegenüber abiotischen Umweltparametern und sind in der Regel Nahrungsopportunisten. Sie können längere Zeit ohne Nahrungsaufnahme überdauern und haben unter optimalen Bedingungen hohe Reproduktionsraten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die auffälligen Anpassungen von Vorrats- und Materialschädlingen an einen menschennahen Lebensraum das Resultat von Prädispositionen und Selektion hin zu einem Lebensformtyp „Lager- oder Materialschädling“ sind, oder ob die synanthropen künstlichen (Öko)Systeme nur als überdimensionierte natürliche Reservoire fungieren. Ökologische und ethologische Prädispositionen und Adaptationen sowie Verbreitungs- und Fortpflanzungsstrategien von Schadinsekten werden hier diskutiert, um phylogenetische und evolutionsbiologische Szenarien beim Übergang von ursprünglichen, also natürlichen Lebensräumen auf relativ jungzeitliche, von Menschen geprägte Habitate, zu rekonstruieren. Die angeführten Beispiele werden im kritischen Bezug zu publizierten Informationen über autökologische, faunistische sowie archäologische und historische Indizien über Ursprung und Ausbreitung von ausgewählten Schadinsekten (Hausbockkäfer, Textilmotten, Kornkäfer) begründet. T2 - Holzschutztagung der Deutschen Bauchemie CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 30.11.2023 KW - Evolution KW - Umwelt KW - Selektion KW - Anpassung KW - Schädling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58989 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blotevogel, J. T1 - Thermal Destruction of PFAS N2 - Thermal treatment processes are currently the only full-scale option for thedestruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in large waste streams. While all organic molecules including PFAS are susceptible to thermal destruction, their decomposition rates are controlled by process variables such as temperature, reaction atmosphere, and residence time. Concerns exist about the formation of products of incomplete destruction and their emission from hazardous waste incinerators. This talk will summarize the current stateof-the-art of thermal PFAS destruction, identify research needs, and showcase future research designed to address critical knowledge gaps. T2 - Department of Defense's (DoD) Energy and Environment Innovation Symposium CY - Washington DC, USA DA - 28.11.2023 KW - Thermal treatment KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58974 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cook, Jake Thomas T1 - Assessment of concrete bioreceptivity in algal biofilm green façade systems N2 - Algal biofilm façades are an alternative to traditional green façades which can help to improve biodiversity and air quality within cities. They present a low maintenance approach in which subaerial algae are grown directly on concrete substrates. The intrinsic bioreceptivity of the substrate is a critical factor in successful facade colonisation. Existing research has identified several environmental and material properties which influence concrete bioreceptivity, however a consensus has yet to be made on which properties are most influential and how the interaction between properties may promote algal biofilm growth under specific conditions. T2 - International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 21.06.2023 KW - Concrete KW - Façade KW - Bio-receptive KW - Extracellular polymeric substances KW - Fractional factorial PY - 2023 UR - https://www.rilem.net/agenda/5th-international-conference-on-bio-based-building-materials-1501 AN - OPUS4-58976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - PFAS analytics and their relation to PFAS remediation N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of more than 10,000 anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or neutral organofluorine surfactants. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. While liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is commonly used technique to characterize targeted PFAS in environmental samples, there are more than 10,000 different PFAS known, which have various headgroups and properties. Therefore, several analytical techniques are available to analyse various groups or pools of PFAS or “all” PFAS as a sum parameter. Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill and analyzed the PFAS defluorination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively, as well es the fluoride mineralization by ion chromatography (IC) and fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. T2 - International workshop of CAR-PFAS (Consortium for analysis and remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) Japan CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 17.10.2023 KW - Mechanochemical treatment KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Soil PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58609 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Roesch, Philipp T1 - micro-XRF und XANES-Analytik von PFAS N2 - Ergebnispräsentation über gesammelte Ergebnisse der Synchrotron F µ-XRF und -XANES Spektroskopischen Untersuchungen von PFAS und PFAS-haltigen Materialien T2 - Online-Seminar des Fortbildungsverbundes Boden und Altlasten Baden-Württemberg CY - Online meeting DA - 07.12.23 KW - PFAS KW - XANES KW - XRF KW - Röntgenspektroskopie KW - Synchrotron PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59077 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Composition Analysis of Writing Materials in Cairo Genizah Documents N2 - Through the application of scientific methods of analysis to a corpus of medieval manuscripts found in the Cairo Genizah, this work aims to gain a better understanding of the writing materials used by Jewish communities at that time, shedding new light not only on the production of manuscripts in the Middle Ages, but also on the life of those Jewish communities. KW - Ink analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Reflectography KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588642 UR - https://brill.com/display/title/59331 SN - 978-90-04-44887-2 SN - 978-90-04-46935-8 SP - 1 EP - 192 PB - Brill CY - Leiden & Boston AN - OPUS4-58864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Protasov, E A1 - Noah, J O A1 - Kästle Silva, J O A1 - Mies, U S A1 - Hervé, V A1 - Dietrich, C A1 - Lang, K A1 - Mikulski, L A1 - Platt, K A1 - Poehlein, A A1 - Köhler-Ramm, T A1 - Miambi, E A1 - Boga, H I A1 - Feldewert, C A1 - Ngugi, G K A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D A1 - Šobotník, J A1 - Daniel, R A1 - Brune, A T1 - Diversity and taxonomic revision of methanogens and other archaea in the intestinal tract of terrestrial arthropods N2 - Methane emission by terrestrial invertebrates is restricted to millipedes, termites, cockroaches, and scarab beetles. The arthropod-associated archaea known to date belong to the orders Methanobacteriales, Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales, and in a few cases also to nonmethanogenic Nitrososphaerales and Bathyarchaeales. However, all major host groups are severely undersampled, and the taxonomy of existing lineages is not well developed. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes of arthropod-associated archaea are scarce, reference databases lack resolution, and the names of many taxa are either not validly published or under-classified and require revision. Here, we investigated the diversity of archaea in a wide range of methane-emitting arthropods, combining phylogenomic analysis of isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with amplicon sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. Our results allowed us to describe numerous new species in hitherto undescribed taxa among the orders Methanobacteriales (Methanacia, Methanarmilla, Methanobaculum, Methanobinarius, Methanocatella, Methanoflexus, Methanorudis, and Methanovirga, all gen. nova), Methanomicrobiales (Methanofilum and Methanorbis, both gen. nova), Methanosarcinales (Methanofrustulum and Methanolapillus, both gen. nova), Methanomassiliicoccales (Methanomethylophilaceae fam. nov., Methanarcanum, Methanogranum, Methanomethylophilus, Methanomicula, Methanoplasma, Methanoprimaticola, all gen. nova), and the new family Bathycorpusculaceae (Bathycorpusculum gen. nov.). Reclassification of amplicon libraries from this and previous studies using this new taxonomic framework revealed that arthropods harbor only CO2 and methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Numerous genus-level lineages appear to be present exclusively in arthropods,suggesting long evolutionary trajectories with their termite, cockroach, and millipede hosts, and a radiation into various microhabitats and ecological nichesprovided by their digestive tracts (e.g., hindgut compartments, gut wall, or anaerobic protists). The distribution patterns among the different host groups are often complex, indicating a mixed mode of transmission and a parallel evolution of invertebrate and vertebrate-associated lineages. KW - Nitrososphaerales KW - Archaea KW - Methanogens KW - Gut microbiota KW - Termites KW - Cockroaches KW - Millipedes KW - Bathyarchaeia PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588230 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281628 SN - 1664-302X VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Frontiers AN - OPUS4-58823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Beyond the text: What writing materials of the Cairo Genizah tell us N2 - Results: - Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks. - We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks. - Great variety in the composition of the inks. - No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference. - Inks purchased by (some) scribes. - Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents. - Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court. T2 - Ink Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 28.06.2022 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 UR - https://www.naher-osten.uni-muenchen.de/wasistlosaminstitut/veranstaltungsarchiv/veranstaltungen-2022/inkworkshop/index.html AN - OPUS4-58874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Étude archéométrique des manuscrits de la Genizah du Caire: Ce que l'encre nous révèle des communautés juives T1 - Archaeometric study of the Genizah manuscripts of Cairo: What ink reveals to us about Jewish communities N2 - Conclusion et piste: Il semblerait qu’il n’existe pas de corrélation entre le type d’encre utilisés et d’autres critères recherchés à part une marque de préférence personnelle, sauf en ce qui concerne des documents religieux, auquel cas une différence se fait en function de la communauté. Les résultats réunis dans cette étude semble indiquer que les scribes achètent leur propre encre. L’analyse des encres peut nous aider à retracer une chronologie de l’écriture et signature de certains documents juridiques. Élargissement du corpus: - Comparaison avec des documents écrits par la cour du Qadi - Documents d’autres collections - Avec d’autres documents contemporains (Génizah Afghane) N2 - Conclusion and track: It seems that there is no correlation between the type of ink used and other criteria sought apart from a mark of personal preference, except with regard to religious documents, in which case a difference is made according to the community. The results gathered in this study seem to indicate that scribes purchased their own ink. Ink analysis can help us trace a chronology of the writing and signing of certain legal documents. Corpus expansion: - Comparison with documents written by the court of the Qadi - Documents from other collections - With other contemporary documents (Génizah Afghane) T2 - Codicologie quantitative et sociologie du livre médiéval : Faire corps par le livre CY - Paris, France DA - 31.01.2023 KW - Encre KW - Genizah du Caire KW - Archéométrie KW - Manuscrits KW - Moyen-âge PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58875 LA - fra AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruyle, B. A1 - Pickard, H. A1 - Schultes, L. A1 - Fredriksson, F. A1 - Heffernan, A. A1 - Knappe, D. A1 - Lord, H. A1 - Meng, P. A1 - Mills, M. A1 - Ndungu, K. A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Rundberget, J.T. A1 - Tettenhorst, D. A1 - Van Buren, J. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Westerman, D. A1 - Yeung, L. A1 - Sunderland, E. T1 - Interlaboratory Comparison of Extractable Organofluorine Measurements in Groundwater and Eel (Anguilla rostrata): Recommendations for Methods Standardization N2 - Research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) frequently incorporates organofluorine measurements, particularly because they could support a class-based approach to regulation. However, standardized methods for organofluorine analysis in a broad suite of matrices are currently unavailable, including a method for extractable organofluorine (EOF) measured using combustion ion chromatography (CIC). Here, we report the results of an international interlaboratory comparison. Seven laboratories representing academia, government, and the private sector measured paired EOF and PFAS concentrations in groundwater and eel (Anguilla rostrata) from a site contaminated by aqueous film-forming foam. Among all laboratories, targeted PFAS could not explain all EOF in groundwater but accounted for most EOF in eel. EOF results from all laboratories for at least one replicate extract fell within one standard deviation of the interlaboratory mean for groundwater and five out of seven laboratories for eel. PFAS spike mixture recoveries for EOF measurements in groundwater and eel were close to the criterion (±30%) for standardized targeted PFAS methods. Instrumental operation of the CIC such as replicate sample injections was a major source of measurement uncertainty. Blank contamination and incomplete inorganic fluorine removal may introduce additional uncertainties. To elucidate the presence of unknown organofluorine using paired EOF and PFAS measurements, we recommend that analysts carefully consider confounding methodological uncertainties such as differences in precision between measurements, data processing steps such as blank subtraction and replicate analyses, and the relative recoveries of PFAS and other fluorine compounds. KW - Extractable organic fluorine KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587726 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04560 SN - 0013-936X VL - 57 IS - 48 SP - 20159 EP - 20168 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-58772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - It's just a point of view – Destructions and creations of cultural objects by artifact pests N2 - Woodworms, carpet beetles, clothes moths and termites are well known pests on artifacts of cultural importance. Lately also silverfish have gained importance. Protection of our cultural heritage for future generations is not a new task but the methods have changed. Conventional use of pesticides in the past has preserved precious objects up to the presence, which otherwise probably would have been lost over time due to the destruction by insects and microbes. However, several of the objects were contaminated with poisons in such a manner that they became unsafe to be handled and thus are useless for exhibitions or scientific studies. Today, the concept of Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) provides guidance for non-residue treatments of infested objects, followed by save storage or display under pest free (or maximum pest reduced) environments. Inert fumigants, physical and biological control measure, precise monitoring, threshold evaluations and detailed knowledge of the pest`s biology are key elements within IMPM. Woodworms, clothes moths and termites, however, are not always considered as only pests. Some professionals have also used them to produce new pieces of art or for the installation of ephemeral displays. Under more or less controlled conditions, the insects´ destructive nature on wood or textiles has been turned around to a process of creation with aesthetic or philosophical messages. Destructive or creative - it just depends on the point of view! T2 - XII European Congress of Entomology CY - Heraklion, Greece DA - 16.10.23 KW - Museum Pests KW - Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) KW - Cultural Entomology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58651 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Frieling, Sophie T1 - Sorptionsverhalten von Antimon an Eisenoxidverbindungen N2 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der thermischen Abfallbehandlung enthalten eine Vielzahl von Schwermetallverbindungen. Für Antimon, Chrom, Kupfer, Molybdän und Vanadium werden in der neuen Ersatzbaustoffverordnung (Bundesregierung, 2021) Eluatgrenzwerte für die Verwertung festgelegt. Aschen und Schlacken werden aus der Abfallverbrennungsanlage nass ausgetragen und vor einer Verwertung in der Regel mehrere Wochen gelagert. Dabei finden hydraulische Reaktionen statt und enthaltenes CaO wird zu einem Großteil in Calciumcarbonat umgewandelt. Während wässrige Eluate von frischen Aschen pH-Werte von 12 und höher aufweisen, sind die Eluate nach einigen Wochen weniger stark alkalisch. Die gemessenen Schwermetallkonzentrationen sind daher dann auch deutlich niedriger, mit Ausnahme von Antimon (Sb) und Vanadium (V). Hier steigen die Konzentration mit der Lagerungsdauer. Grund sind sinkende Konzentrationen von Ca-Ionen, die sonst zu einer Ausfällung von Antimonaten und Vanadaten führen. Zu hohe Eluatwerte von Sb und V können jedoch durch Sorption an Eisenoxidverbindungen gemindert werden. Dazu wurden Sorptionsexperimente mit verschiedenen Eisenoxidverbindungen durchgeführt. T2 - 5. Internationales Bergbausymposium WISSYM 2023 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - Rostasche KW - Sorption KW - Ersatzbaustoff PY - 2023 UR - https://www.wismut.de/de/download.php?download=Wi_WISSYM2023_Abstracts_END_klein.pdf SP - 247 EP - 250 AN - OPUS4-58701 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Sorptionsverhalten von Antimon an Eisenoxidverbindungen N2 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der thermischen Abfallbehandlung enthalten eine Vielzahl von Schwermetallverbindungen. Für Antimon, Chrom, Kupfer, Molybdän und Vanadium werden in der neuen Ersatzbaustoffverordnung Eluatgrenzwerte für die Verwertung festgelegt. Aschen und Schlacken werden aus der Abfallverbrennungsanlage nass ausgetragen und vor einer Verwertung in der Regel mehrere Wochen gelagert. Dabei finden hydraulische Reaktionen statt und enthaltenes CaO wird zu einem Großteil in Calciumcarbonat umgewandelt. Während wässrige Eluate von frischen Aschen pH-Werte von 12 und höher aufweisen, sind die Eluate nach einigen Wochen weniger stark alkalisch. Die gemessenen Schwermetallkonzentrationen sind daher dann auch deutlich niedriger, mit Ausnahme von Antimon (Sb) und Vanadium (V). Hier steigen die Konzentration mit der Lagerungsdauer. Grund sind sinkende Konzentrationen von Ca-Ionen, die sonst zu einer Ausfällung von Antimonaten und Vanadaten führen. Zu hohe Eluatwerte von Sb und V können durch Sorption an Eisenoxidverbindungen gemindert werden. Als besonders wirkungsvoll hat sich Schwertmannit (Eisen-Oxyhydroxysulfat) erwiesen. Es entsteht durch Oxidation von pyrithaltigem Material durch Mikroorganismen und wird deshalb in Gebieten gefunden, in denen Braunkohle abgebaut wurde, z.B. in der Lausitz. Weitere untersuchte Eisenoxidverbindungen waren Hämatit und Schlämme aus der Abtrennung von Eisen und Mangan in Wasserwerken. T2 - 5. Internationales Bergbausymposium WISSYM 2023 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - Rostasche KW - Sorption KW - Ersatzbaustoffe PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58702 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Detection, quantification, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater (DFEAT-PFAS) N2 - Over the past century, a range of synthetic compounds have been produced to improve humanity’s quality of life. These include pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other chemical compounds that possess properties making them potentially harmful when released to the environment (e.g., ecological and health impacts to humans and animals). Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of chemicals used in the formulations of thousands of consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment, and plastic and leather products. Because of the recent regulations and restrictions on the use of long chain (≥C8) PFAS a significant shift in the industry towards short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain alternatives has been recognized the last years. Due to the high polarity and water solubility of ultrashort PFAS, the potential for bioaccumulation is low. However, the high persistence of ultrashort-chain PFAS will result in environmental accumulation, especially in aquatic environments, leading to potential risks for aquatic organisms and increased human external exposure through drinking water. Ultrashort PFAS like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are low to moderately toxic to a range of organisms. In addition, ultrashort PFAS can penetrate natural and anthropogenic barriers and eventually reach drinking water sources. Because common drinking water treatment techniques do not sufficiently remove them, they may reach human consumption. In the project we are focusing on detecting and removing PFAS, especially ultrashort-chain PFAS from contaminated groundwater. We are designing passive sampling devices, which can collect and monitor the temporal profile of PFAS species in groundwater. This will allow us to analyze PFAS contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using state-of-the-art and novel analytical techniques and understand the extent of contamination. In addition to quantification, PFAS contaminated groundwater will be treated via a two-stage process to produce PFAS-free drinking water. As ultrashort-chain PFAS are difficult to analyze with the current target (LC-MS/MS) and sum parameter (AOF, EOF) analysis methods, we additionally using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Therefore, an analytical method based on GC-MS is in development to analyze the volatile ultrashort-chain PFAS (TFA, PFPrA, TFMS, PFEtS, PFPrS, trifluoroethanol, pentafluoropropanol and hexafluoro isopropanol) directly in contaminated groundwater samples with the headspace technique and in eluates of organic solvents from the developed passive sampler after direct injection. Moreover, a two-stages process is designed to increase the low concentrations found in groundwater using novel membranes processes such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membranes (MMCM). Next, the rejected streams containing higher concentrations of PFAS will be treated by coagulation, and the remaining PFAS adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs). The DEFEAT-PFAS project will result in the development of novel tools to detect, quantify, and remove PFAS, especially ultrashort-chain PFAS from contaminated groundwater, and will acquire a new understanding of the extent of these contaminations. T2 - Dioxin Konferenz CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 10.09.2023 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Combining DGT and 31P NMR spectroscopy to determine phosphorus species in soil N2 - The amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil strongly influences the yield of plants in agriculture. Therefore, various simple chemical extraction methods have been developed to estimate the plant-available P pools in soil. More recently, several experiments with the DGT technique have shown that it has a much better correlation to plant-available P in soils than standard chemical extraction methods (e.g. calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), Colwell, Olsen, water) when soils with different characteristics are considered. However, the DGT technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in the soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time. T2 - DGT Konferenz CY - Paris, France DA - 11.10.2023 KW - Soil KW - Phosphorus KW - Plant-availability PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - Hunting for pigments in plastic biofilms from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch N2 - Each year, an immense amount of plastic debris enters marine ecosystems, much of which ends up in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP). The plastic fragments are home to a diverse community of microorganisms, and while researchers have gained a better understanding of these marine plastic biofilms, we lack insights into the physiology and genomic potential of the bacteria that colonize them. Examining the lifestyle of plastic colonizers from the GPGP is particularly intriguing, as the high concentration of plastics in this accumulation zone might allow for a microbial adaptation to this unique man-made habitat. A range of pigmentation was observed in 67 isolated strains obtained directly from plastic pieces sampled from the GPGP surface water. Sequence comparison between the cultivated bacterial strains and the 16S rRNA gene amplicon dataset confirmed that most of the cultivates could also be captured through DNA-only methods. Whole genome analysis of four taxonomically diverse representatives revealed multiple carotenoid pathways, including those to produce less common glycosylated carotenoids, like sarcinaxanthin glucoside. Further, we identified a potentially new Rhodobacteraceae species containing a photosynthetic gene cluster (PGC). Absorption analysis confirmed the actual production of the carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll a. Floating plastics represent a habitat with strong UV-light exposure, making the protection with antioxidant carotenoids as well as the ability to use light as an energy source highly beneficial traits for plastic colonizers. Our findings indicate, that the production of pigments is a common adaption mechanism for plastic-associated bacteria, and that plastic biofilms present a so far overlooked source of rare carotenoids and light-harvesting mechanisms. T2 - Annual Conference of The Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM) CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 10.09.2023 KW - Plastic biofilm KW - Phototrophic bacteria KW - Plastic pollution PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58443 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - OECD TG 125 Particle size and size distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - This presentation was held in an OECD Webinar introducing the newly developed and published OECD TG 125 on particle size and size distribution. The presentation is explaining the structure if the TG 125 and addresses all included methods and methodologies in a short and understandable way for the broader public. The presentation includes sections about nano-particles and nano-fibres. T2 - Webinar Series on Testing and Assessment Methodologies CY - Online meeting DA - 07.02.2023 KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterials KW - OECD KW - Test guideline KW - Size PY - 2023 UR - https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/nanomet/presentations-webinar-nanomaterials-particle-size-distribution-test-guideline-125.pdf AN - OPUS4-58447 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Sudhaus, W. ED - Wessel, A. T1 - Biologische Grundlagen und einige Folgen der Domestikation von Haustieren N2 - Permanente und nachhaltige Deckung von Grundbedürfnissen der Nahrungs- und Materialversorgung, aber auch das Ausnutzen von Arbeitshilfen, der Gebrauch von Versuchstieren in der Wissenschaft und die Freude an tierischer Begleitung in der Freizeit waren Beweggründe für die Domestikation von Tieren. Haustiere gehen auf eine zu ihrer Art gehörige Stammform einer Wildtierart zurück. Haustier und Wildtier sind somit Angehörige einer biologischen Spezies. Bei der Domestikation von Tieren spielte zwischenartliche Introgression keine Rolle. Die Domestikation von Haustieren durch Separation von kleinen Gruppen von Wildtieren erfolgte nur wenige Male an wenigen Orten (primäre Domestikationszentren). Haustiere bilden artübergreifend auffällig ähnliche morphologische und ethologische Merkmale aus (Domestikationssyndrom). Domestikation bei Wirbeltieren erfolgt primär über Selektion auf zutrauliches und zahmes Verhalten und unterliegt einem sehr komplexen pleiotropen Netzwerk von Regelkreisen. Die Domestikation ist ein koevolutiver Prozess und das Resultat eines bilateralen wechselseitigen Zusammenfindens von Prädispositionen und reziproken Valenzen der jeweiligen Partner von Haustier und Mensch. KW - Umwelt KW - Evolution KW - Domestikation PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.25671/GNF_Sber_NF_56_01 SN - 0037-5942 VL - 56 SP - 5 EP - 53 PB - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56986 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Sudhaus, W. ED - Wessel, A. T1 - Von maßlosen Übertreibungen und friedfertigen Menschen – Redensartliches mit Insektenbezug und deren sprachwissenschaftliche Zuordnung T1 - Of exorbitant exaggerations and peaceful people - figures of speech involving insects and their linguistic classification N2 - Unsere Alltagssprache bedient sich so manchem Vorbild aus der Welt der Insekten. In Sinnsprüchen, Sprichwörtern, Redewendungen und Zitaten finden Fliegen und Mücken dabei besonders häufig Verwendung und dies meist in Form der Allegorie als wichtiges rhetorisches Gestaltungsmittel. Die eng mit dem Menschen verbundene Lebensweise der Stubenfliege z. B. bietet dafür die geschichtliche und kulturelle Basis. Redensarten sind ein sprachliches Spiegelbild gelebter Kultur, was den Vergleich mit anderen Sprachen interessant macht. So hat jede Sprache ein charakteristisches Portfolio von ihnen, die sinnverwandt sein, aber auch bei wörtlicher Übersetzung zu Missverständnissen führen können. Sprachen sind nicht gegeneinander isoliert. Während ihrer Differenzierung gab es immer auch aktiven Austausch von einzelnen Sprachelementen. Diesen Prozess zu rekonstruieren ist Aufgabe der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft, die sich dabei auch Methoden der biologisch-phylogenetischen Analyse bedient. KW - Vergleichende Linguistik KW - Kulturelle Entomologie KW - Redensarten KW - Sprache PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.25671/GNF_Sber_NF_56_05 SN - 0037-5942 VL - 56 SP - 83 EP - 104 PB - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56987 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xing, N. A1 - Höfler, T. A1 - Hearn, C. J. A1 - Nascimento, M. A1 - Camps Paradell, G. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Kunec, D. A1 - Osterrieder, N. A1 - Cheng, H. H. A1 - Trimpert, J. T1 - Fast-forwarding evolution - Accelerated adaptation in a proofreading-deficient hypermutator herpesvirus N2 - Evolution relies on the availability of genetic diversity for fitness-based selection. However, most deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses employ DNA polymerases (Pol) capable of exonucleolytic proofreading to limit mutation rates during DNA replication. The relative genetic stability produced by high-fidelity genome replication can make studying DNA virus adaptation and evolution an intensive endeavor, especially in slowly replicating viruses. Here, we present a proofreading-impaired Pol mutant (Y547S) of Marek’s disease virus that exhibits a hypermutator phenotype while maintaining unimpaired growth in vitro and wild-type (WT)-like pathogenicity in vivo. At the same time, mutation frequencies observed in Y547S virus populations are 2–5-fold higher compared to the parental WT virus. We find that Y547S adapts faster to growth in originally non-permissive cells, evades pressure conferred by antiviral inhibitors more efficiently, and is more easily attenuated by serial passage in cultured cells compared to WT. Our results suggest that hypermutator viruses can serve as a tool to accelerate evolutionary processes and help identify key genetic changes required for adaptation to novel host cells and resistance to antiviral therapy. Similarly, the rapid attenuation achieved through adaptation of hypermutators to growth in cell culture enables identification of genetic changes underlying attenuation and virulence, knowledge that could practically exploited, e.g. in the rational design of vaccines. KW - Polymerase mutant KW - Proofreading deficient KW - Hypermutation KW - Adaption KW - DNA polymerase KW - Marek's Disease Virus PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565631 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac099 SN - 2057-1577 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford, UK AN - OPUS4-56563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maisels, A. A1 - Hiller, A. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Chemical Recycling for Plastic Waste: Status and Perspectives N2 - Industrial-scale mechanical recycling of plastics has been established for years, but has technical and economic limits. Chemical recycling processes lead back to monomers or to the raw materials, so that in the end new goods can be produced for all areas of application of plastics. The variety of chemical recycling processes is large. The capacities of the plants are still low today. The profitability of the plants is strongly influenced by the price of oil; the profitability limit is currently between 50 and 60 US $ per barrel. KW - Chemical recycling KW - Plastic waste KW - Circular economy KW - Pyrolysis KW - Solvolysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565700 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202200024 SN - 2196-9744 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 541 EP - 555 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-56570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuhold, S. A1 - Algermissen, D. A1 - Drissen, P. A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Presoly, P. A1 - Sedlazeck, K. P. A1 - Schenk, J. A1 - Raith, J. G. A1 - Pomberger, R. A1 - Vollprecht, D. T1 - Tailoring the FeO/SiO2 Ratio in Electric Arc Furnace Slags to Minimize the Leaching of Vanadium and Chromium N2 - Based on recently published research on leaching control mechanisms in electric arc furnace (EAF) slags, it is assumed that a FeO/SiO2 ratio of around one leads to low leached V and Cr concentrations. This ratio influences the mineral phase composition of the slag toward higher amounts of spinel and a lower solubility of calcium silicate phases by suppressing the formation of magnesiowuestite and highly soluble calcium silicate phases. To evaluate this hypothesis, laboratory and scaled up tests in an EAF pilot plant were performed on slag samples characterized by elevated V and Cr leaching and a high FeO/SiO2 ratio. Prior to the melting experiments, the optimum FeO/SiO2 ratio was calculated via FactSageTM. In the melting experiments, the ratio was adjusted by adding quartz sand, which also decreased the basicity (CaO/SiO2) of the slag. As a reference, remelting experiments without quartz sand addition were conducted and additionally, the influence of the cooling rate of the slag was examined. The remelted (without quartz sand) and the remelted modified slags (with quartz sand) were analyzed chemically and mineralogically and the leaching behavior was investigated. The modification of the slags yielded a minimized release of V and Cr, supporting the hypothesis that the FeO/SiO2 ratio influences the mineralogy and the leaching behavior. KW - Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags KW - FactSageTM calculations KW - Leaching control mechanisms KW - Melting experiments PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571517 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072549 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-57151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Schuck, G. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Speciation of copper and zinc compounds relevant for the hazard property (HP) 14 classification of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and fly ashes N2 - The analysis of the presence and content of substances that are toxic to aquatic life in waste is essential for classification of waste with regard to hazard property (HP) 14 ‘ecotoxic’. For the determination of HP14 classified copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) compounds in various municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes (IBA) and one fly ash (FA) from Germany we applied X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in combination with linear combination fitting. The analysis showed that approx. 50–70% of Cu in the IBA are Cu(I) compounds and elemental Cu(0), but these compounds were not equally distributed in the different IBA. In contrast, the majority (approx. 50–70%) of Zn in all IBA is elemental zinc, which originates from brass or other alloys and galvanized metals with a large content of zinc in the waste. The FA contain higher mass fraction on Zn and other toxic elements, but similar Cu and Zn species. Additional performed selective extraction at a pH of 4 with an organic acid of some IBA showed that the ecotoxic Zn fraction is mainly elemental zinc and zinc oxide. In contrast, for the ecotoxic Cu fraction within the IBA no specific compound could be identified. Furthermore, the XANES analysis showed that the HP14 properties of especially Cu in IBA is overestimated with current best-practice guidelines for sample processing for the current substance-related approach with the 0.1% cut-off rule for each substance. However, it should be considered whether it would not be better from an environmental point of view to take the ecotoxicologically leachable copper and zinc as a reference value. KW - Thermal waste treatment KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Incineration bottom ash PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609584 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.001 VL - 189 SP - 421 EP - 426 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60958 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Ling, Ruisi A1 - Koralewska, Ralf A1 - Gleis, Markus T1 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Lichte der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung N2 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der thermischen Abfallbehandlung stellen mit rund 25% Massenanteil die größte Reststofffraktion dar. In Deutschland fallen pro Jahr rund 6 Millionen Tonnen an. Während sich die Verwertung der metallischen Anteile problemlos gestaltet, werden an die mineralische Fraktion Anforderungen bezüglich der möglichen Freisetzung von Schwermetallen sowie Chlorid und Sulfat gestellt. In der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung sind für Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung zwei Materialklassen mit unterschiedlich hohen Anforderungen an die Umweltverträglichkeit definiert. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde untersucht, ob mit Abtrennung der Feinfraktion von 0–2mm die höhere Materialklasse HMVA-1 erreicht werden kann. Im Ergebnis wurde eine Verbesserung des Auslaugverhaltens erzielt, doch nicht in dem Maß, dass eine Qualität nach HMVA-1 erreicht wird. Rostaschen halten aber die Anforderungen zur Deponierung auf einer DK I-Deponie sowie die Anforderungen zur Verwertung gemäß HMVA-2 sicher ein. KW - Rostasche KW - Auslaugtest KW - Ersatzbaustoff PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1863-9763.2024.07.08 SN - 1863-9763 VL - 56 IS - 7 SP - 407 EP - 411 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-60601 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp T1 - Sequential Extraction of Incineration Bottom Ash: Conclusions Regarding Ecotoxicity N2 - The classification of incineration bottom ash (IBA) as hazardous or non-hazardous according to ecotoxic hazard property HP14 is still under debate. In this context, only the compounds of Zn and Cu with the hazard statement code H410 are of relevance. With an approach based on the grouping of substances, it was shown that such substances are either readily water-soluble or slightly and sparingly soluble. The concentrations of readily soluble Cu and Zn compounds in IBA are far below the cut-off value of 0.1%. Slightly and sparingly soluble Zn and Cu compounds could be quantified in the first fraction of a four-step sequential extraction procedure. With the results from the complete sequence, the dimensionless synthesis toxicity index (STI) was calculated and was in the range of 494 to 1218 for the four investigated IBA samples. It was concluded that IBA can usually be classified as non-hazardous. KW - Incineration bottom ash KW - Hazard properties KW - Ecotoxicity PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605262 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135541 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 14 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-60526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - 5. Sitzung des projektbegleitenden Ausschuss CF Pyro: Ergebnisse & Technologiebewertung N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse und diskutieren deren Limitierungen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen auf, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Nach der Präsentation der Projektergebnisse erfolgte in der Diskussion mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik eine Technologiebewertung für die Nutzung von CF in pyrometallurgischen Prozessen. T2 - 5. PA Meeting CF Pyro CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 31.01.2024 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling KW - Leichtbau PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60569 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Forschungsprojekt CF Pyro: Sichere Nutzung von Carbonfasern als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse gegeben und deren Limitierungen diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen aufgezeigt, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Abschließend wird eine, auf den experimentellen Ergebnissen und im Dialog mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik entwickelten, Technologiebewertung vorgestellt. T2 - BMUV Behördenklausur 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2024 KW - Leichtbau KW - Carbonfasern KW - Recycling KW - CFK PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60570 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scales, B. S. A1 - Hasenrück, C. A1 - Moldaenke, L. A1 - Hassa, J. A1 - Rückert-Reed, C. A1 - Rummel, C. A1 - Völkner, C. A1 - Rynek, R. A1 - Busche, T. A1 - Kalinowski, J. A1 - Jahnke, A. A1 - Schmitt-Jansen, M. A1 - Wendt-Potthoff, K. A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch N2 - The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultravioletexposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as betacarotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria-produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water. KW - Microplastics KW - Biofilm KW - Pigment KW - Microorganisms PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605725 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16639 SN - 1462-2912 VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - e16639 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tang, Chi-Long T1 - UFP-Emission beim 3D-Druck N2 - Desktop-3D-Drucker haben in der letzten Dekade große Popularität in Bildungseinrichtungen, kleinen Unternehmen und Privathaushalten erlangt. Weit verbreitet ist mittlerweile die „Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)“ Technologie. Hier wird ein thermoplastisches Filament geschmolzen, durch eine Metalldüse extrudiert und anschließend schichtweise so auf ein Druckbett aufgetragen, dass ein 3D-Objekt entsteht. Das Filamentmaterial wird dabei thermisch stark belastet, was zur Emission von Aerosolen sowie flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) führt. Dabei werden hauptsächlich ultrafeine Partikel (UFP, dP < 100 nm) freigesetzt werden, die sogar in manchen Fällen im sub-4nm Größenbereich einen signifikanten Anteil ausmachen können (Tang und Seeger 2024). Die gesundheitliche Relevanz eingeatmeter UFP ist durch sehr viele Studien gut belegt. Während eines i.d.R. mehrstündigen FFF-Druckvorgangs wird ein Anwender mit diesen Luftschadstoffen im Innenraum exponiert, häufig ohne eine Einschätzung des damit verbundenen Risikos zu haben. Die Exposition kann durch technische Faktoren (z.B. Druckerausstattung und -einstellung, Innenraumventilation), aber auch erheblich durch die Filamentauswahl beeinflusst werden. Unser Vorschlag zur Risikominderung besteht in der Auszeichnung emissionsarmer Filamentprodukte mit dem Umweltzeichen „Blauer Engel“, um so den Verbrauchern eine fundierte Auswahl zu ermöglichen. In unserem Projekt entwickeln wir dafür ein kammerbasiertes, standardisierbares und robustes Prüfverfahren zur vergleichenden Messung der Emission aus Filamenten. Mit dem Strangdruck-Verfahren (engl. Strand Printing Method, SPM) wird eine festgelegte Filamentlänge mit konstanter Rate extrudiert und auf dem Druckbett abgelegt, ohne dabei ein 3D-Objekt aufzubauen. Diese Vorgehensweise reduziert den Einfluss experimentell schlecht zu kontrollierender Faktoren sowie die Ausfallquote. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung und die Vorteile von SPM werden in Tang und Seeger (2022) erläutert. SPM wurde bereits für 44 Filamentprodukte aus unterschiedlichen Polymeren und Additiven als Vergleichstest angewendet. Alle Messungen wurden in einer klimatisierten 1 m³-Emissionsprüfkammer durchgeführt. Die Gesamtanzahl der emittierten Partikel (TP) dient als Beurteilungsmaß, in Anlehnung an die Vergabegrundlage DE-UZ-219 des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel für Laserdrucker. Unter den getesteten Filamentprodukten variiert TP um ca. vier Größenordnungen (1E+9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E+13). Auch innerhalb jeder der untersuchten Polymergruppen variierte TP signifikant. Die Partikelemission kann daher nicht allein nach dem Basispolymer kategorisiert werden. Unsere Resultate belegen, dass die Stärke der Partikelemission eher eine charakteristische und individuelle Eigenschaft eines Filamentproduktes ist. Die Herkunft der Polymere, die herstellerspezifischen Additive sowie die nicht deklarierte Verunreinigungen können einen starken Einfluss auf die Emission haben. Die Auszeichnung von emissionsarmen Filament-produkten verspricht somit eine einfache, aber effektive Maßnahme zu sein, um Verbrauchern eine Minderung des Expositionsrisikos beim FFF-3D-Druck zu ermöglichen. T2 - 5. Symposium "Ultrafeinstaub in der Atmosphäre und in Innenräumen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.09.2024 KW - 3D-Druck KW - Ultrafeine Partikel KW - Innenraumemission KW - Luftschadstoffe KW - Emissionsprüfung PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61067 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golian, M. J. A1 - Friedman, D. A. A1 - Harrison, M. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Buellesbach, J. T1 - Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea N2 - AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level. KW - Chemical ecology KW - Ecological genetics KW - Entomology KW - Evolutionary ecology PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608260 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70063 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellemans, S. A1 - Rocha, M. M. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Romero Arias, J. A1 - Aanen, D. K. A1 - Bagnères, A.-G. A1 - Buček, A. A1 - Carrijo, T. F. A1 - Chouvenc, T. A1 - Cuezzo, C. A1 - Constantini, J. P. A1 - Constantino, R. A1 - Dedeine, F. A1 - Deligne, J. A1 - Eggleton, P. A1 - Evans, T. A. A1 - Hanus, R. A1 - Harrison, Mark C. A1 - Harry, M. A1 - Josens, G. A1 - Jouault, C. A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M. A1 - Kaymak, E. A1 - Korb, J. A1 - Lee, C.-Y. A1 - Legendre, F. A1 - Li, H.-F. A1 - Lo, N. A1 - Lu, T. A1 - Matsuura, K. A1 - Maekawa, K. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Mizumoto, N. A1 - Oliveira, D. E. A1 - Poulsen, M. A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D. A1 - Su, N.-Y. A1 - Tokuda, G. A1 - Vargo, E. L. A1 - Ware, J. L. A1 - Šobotník, J. A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H. A1 - Cancello, E. A1 - Roisin, Y. A1 - Engel, M. S. A1 - Bourguignon, T. T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies. KW - Termite KW - Taxonomy KW - Evolution PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Singh, R. A1 - Vigelahn, L. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Egloffstein, T. A1 - Birke, V. T1 - Rapid and Virtually Complete Mechanochemical Reductive Defluorination of Per- and Polyfluoro Alkyl Substances (PFAS) In Contaminated Soil Using Sodium and Amines as Co-milling Agents: A Promising First Approach for the Development of Novel Non-Combustion PFAS Remediation Processes for Soils N2 - PFAS contamination poses significant challenges due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In recent years, conventional treatment methods, such as incineration, photolysis, and chemical oxidation, have been applied for PFAS treatment. However, these technologies have limitations in terms of their efficacy and cost-effectiveness for efficient PFAS degradation. Consequently, researchers have explored alternative approaches such as photocatalysis, sonochemical degradation, oxidation, electrochemical degradation, and mechanochemical degradation also known as DMCR (Dehalogenation by Mechanochemical Reaction) to address the remediation challenge posed by PFAS contaminated environments. Lab scale experiments were conducted using a planetary ball mill, procured from Retsch GmbH Germany, equipped with 50 mL steel grinding jars under controlled conditions to investigate the degradation of perfluorooctanoic sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in contaminated model sand. The experiments were carried out in two stages: initially, with sand alone (15 g), and subsequently, with the addition of co-milling agents, that is, sodium metal (Na), Na with butylamine (BA), and Na with ethylenediamine (EDA) in different proportions. T2 - International CleanUp conference CY - Adelaide, Australia DA - 15.09.2024 KW - Mechanochemical treatment KW - Per- und Polyfluoroierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 SP - 177 AN - OPUS4-61119 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Beate A1 - Pfeiffer, Friedhelm A1 - Remus, Daniela A1 - Dyall-Smith, Mike A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg ED - Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja T1 - Genome sequence of Pseudomonas silesiensis strain G3, a member of a bacterial consortium capable of polyethylene degradation N2 - A consortium of landfill bacteria including strain G3 can break down polyethylene, a long-lasting plastic that accumulates in the environment. The complete genome sequence of strain G3 was determined by PacBio and Nanopore sequencing and consists of three circular replicons. Genome-based classification assigned strain G3 to the species Pseudomonas silesiensis. KW - PE degradation KW - Polyethylene PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611618 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00138-24 SN - 2576-098X VL - 13 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - American Society for Microbiology AN - OPUS4-61161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schuehle, Florian T1 - Quality assured uptake rates for passive sampling of indoor air VOCs N2 - Generation of experimental uptake rates (UR) for > 70 VOCs (7d /100 μg m-3) Application in German Environmental Survey – VOC exposure assessment Assurance of transparency concerning UR generation and uncertainty creates basis for decision making and comparability of measurement results. Exemplarily the uncertainty u(UR) of toluene UR was modelled and determined statistically with own laboratory data (relative standard deviation of actively sampled test gas atmosphere – RSDa and n = 5 exposed passive samplers – RSDp) in line with EN 838 as well as from variation of literature UR – RSD UR,lit. T2 - Airmon 2022, 10th International Symposium on modern principles of air monitoring and biomonitoring CY - Bristol, UK DA - 06.11.2022 KW - IAQ KW - VOC KW - Diffusive sampling KW - Uptake rate PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Mathies, H. T1 - The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints N2 - Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and transformation products can be emitted into the environment. In a semi-field study, leaching of the biocidal active substances terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, carbendazim, and selected transformation products was observed for two paints containing either a white or a red pigment. Painted test panels were exposed to natural weathering for about 1.5 years. Runoff samples were analyzed during the course of the experiment. At the end of the study, residues of biocidal active substances and transformation products were determined in sections of the test panels. Emissions of substances were mainly observed during the first few months of the experiments. Increased emissions of transformation products were observed during periods of increased global radiation and subsequent periods with relatively high amounts of driving rain. Different patterns of transformation products were observed, especially for terbutryn, both for paints containing different pigments and in experiments that were started in different periods of the year, as well as during different periods of the experiments. KW - Substance release KW - Construction products KW - Biocides KW - Transformation KW - Weathering KW - Driving rain KW - Global radiation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560651 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207368 VL - 15 IS - 20 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Aschen und Schlacken und aus der Abfallverbrennung, chemische und mineralogische Zusammensetzung N2 - Aschen und Schlacken sind mengenmäßig der wichtigste Reststoffstrom in der thermischen Abfallbehandlung. Die enthaltenen elementaren Metalle werden mit gängigen Verfahren abgetrennt und einer Verwertung als Sekundärrohstoff zugeführt. Durch die chemische und mineralogische Zusammensetzung der mineralischen Fraktion wird das Umweltverhalten sowie die abfallrechtliche Einstufung bestimmt. Methoden zur Ermittlung der Einstufung werden vorgestellt. Das Löslichkeitsverhalten von Schwermetallen in gealterten Aschen hängt meist vom pH-Wert in den standardisierten Auslaugtests ab. Das davon abweichende Verhalten von Antimon wird detailliert beschrieben. T2 - VDI-/ITAD-Spezialtag Aufbereitung und Verwertung von MVA-Rückständen CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 20.09.2022 KW - Rostasche KW - Aquatische Toxizität KW - Ersatzbaustoffverordnung PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-56068 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge and wastewater-based fertilizers and future PFAS remediation N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms and which include more than 4730 compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. As a result of the perpetual use of PFAS containing products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been observed to be an important pathway for PFAS into the environment. In Germany, phosphorus and other nutrients from sewage sludge and wastewater should be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a large population. However, it is not clear if PFAS contamination from wastewater and sewage sludge end up in novel wastewater-based fertilizers. Normally, PFAS are analyzed using PFAS protocols typically with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantification. To get a better overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” we applied sum parameter methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) to screen the PFAS contaminations in various sewage sludge and wastewater-based fertilizers. Furthermore, current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Only a subsequent, high-energy consuming pyrolysis process guarantees the total destruction of all fluorinated organic contaminants. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. T2 - Seminar of Ben-Gurion University CY - Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel DA - 02.11.2022 KW - PFAS KW - Sewage sludge KW - XANES spectroscopy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kazemifard, N. A1 - Dehkohneh, Abolfazl A1 - Baradaran Ghavami, S. T1 - Probiotics and probiotic-based vaccines: A novel approach for improving vaccine efficacy N2 - Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed. KW - Probiotics KW - Gut microbiota KW - Probiotic-based vaccines PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561767 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.940454 SN - 2296-858X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-56176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Selection of gas standards, gas chromatography column and adsorbents for the measurement of very volatile organic compounds (C1–C6) in indoor air N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard gives directions to adapt the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). The same techniques with sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) should be used. However, VVOCs require gaseous standards, an adapted GC column and a reliable sampling adsorbent. This work presents experimental results to tackle those three experimental gaps. A stable standard gas mixture containing 47 VVOCs, 13 VOCs and an internal standard was successfully generated. It was employed to study the suitability of seven types of chromatography columns. The use of PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) columns such as PoraBOND Q is well suitable for VVOC analysis. The recoveries of the 60 analytes on a total of 16 adsorbents and their combinations were determined: A combination of the graphitized carbon black Carbograph 5TD 40/60 and the carbon molecular sieve CarbosieveTM SII showed great recoveries for all analytes. Carbon molecular sieves adsorb water which can impair the analysis. A dry purge of the multi-sorbent in the sampling direction led to a complete water removal and promising recoveries of the analytes. KW - VVOC KW - VOC KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - Gas chromatography KW - Thermal desorption KW - Air sampling PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340561 SN - 0003-2670 VL - 1238 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-56366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Holm, O. ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, E. ED - Quicker, P. ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S. T1 - Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) im Klärschlamm N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4700 anionic and cationic anthrophonic substances which have been used extensively in a variety of products and industries due to their inert chemical stability and resistance to degradation by heat or acids. As a result of continuous use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil and groundwater resources. However, because of the continuous use of fluorinated consumer products, also effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been shown to be an important source of PFAS contamination into the aquatic environment. Resulting from recent stricter regulations and restrictions in the last years on the use of long chain (≥C8) PFAS, there is a significant shift in the chemical industry towards production of short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain alternatives. With the amendment of the Sewage Sludge Ordinance in 2017 the German legislation banned sewage sludge application on agricultural land, and by 2029/2032 sewage sludge will be completely prohibited from agricultural application. While environmental exposure of organic pollutants like PFAS, pesticides and pharmaceuticals are no longer desirable, phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge must still be used to produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy. Currently, plant-available P-fertilizers from sewage sludge/wastewater can be produced using a variety of treatment approaches including precipitation, leaching, and thermal treatment. However, the fate of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds during P leaching, precipitation and treatment from sewage sludge and wastewater is for the most parts still unknown. KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Klärschlamm KW - Düngemittel PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-944310-65-7 SP - 270 EP - 279 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-56290 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) im Klärschlamm - Analytische Methoden und Grenzwerte N2 - Per- und Polyfluoralkylsubstanzen (PFAS) sind eine Gruppe von mehr als 4700 anionischen und kationischen anthrophonen Stoffen, die aufgrund ihrer inerten chemischen Stabilität und ihrer Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen den Abbau durch Hitze oder Säuren in einer Vielzahl von Produkten verwendet werden. Infolge der ständigen Verwendung, vor allem in Feuerlöschschäumen für die Luftfahrt, wurden in Tausenden von Industrie- und Militäranlagen kontaminierte Böden und Grundwasservorkommen gefunden. Aufgrund der ständigen Verwendung von fluorierten Konsumgütern haben sich jedoch auch Abwässer und Klärschlamm aus Kläranlagen als Quelle für die Kontamination der aquatischen Umwelt mit PFAS erwiesen. Infolge der strengeren Vorschriften und Beschränkungen, die in den letzten Jahren für die Verwendung langkettiger (≥C8) PFAS erlassen wurden, findet in der chemischen Industrie eine deutliche Verlagerung hin zur Herstellung kurz- (C4-C7) und ultrakurzkettiger (C1-C3) Alternativen statt. Mit der Novellierung der Klärschlammverordnung im Jahr 2017 hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber die Ausbringung von Klärschlamm auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen verboten, und bis 2029/2032 wird die Ausbringung von Klärschlamm in der Landwirtschaft vollständig verboten sein. Während die Belastung der Umwelt mit organischen Schadstoffen wie PFAS, Pestiziden und Arzneimitteln nicht mehr erwünscht ist, muss Phosphor (P) aus Klärschlamm weiterhin zur Herstellung hochwertiger P-Dünger für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft genutzt werden. Derzeit können pflanzenverfügbare P-Düngemittel aus Klärschlamm/Abwasser mit verschiedenen Behandlungsmethoden hergestellt werden, darunter Fällung, Auslaugung und thermische Behandlung. Der Verbleib von PFAS bei der Auslaugung, Ausfällung und Behandlung von Klärschlamm und Abwasser ist jedoch noch weitgehend unbekannt. T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.11.2022 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Phosphor KW - Düngemittel PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56291 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp T1 - The chemical state of antimony and vanadium species in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash N2 - Due to the large quantity as residual mineral waste, municipal solid waste incineration - bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is an interesting secondary raw material that can be utilized for road construction. However, leaching of chloride, sulfate and potentially hazardous heavy metals from MSWSI-BA into the environment may cause problems in utilization of it in civil engineering. In a previous study, we performed a long-term leaching test of MSWI-BA in a lysimeter for almost six years to investigate the efficiency of the treatment process on the release of hazardous substances. While concentrations of chloride, sulfate and the majority of the heavy metals started to decrease rapidly with progressive liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), the ecotoxic hazardous elements antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) behaved differently. To unravel these unusual release behaviors and the oxyanion-formation of Sb and V we will apply HERFD-XANES spectroscopy to analyze their chemical state. KW - Bottom ash KW - Antimony KW - Vanadium KW - XANES PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.15151/ESRF-ES-1020936484 PB - European synchroton Radiation Facility ESRF CY - Grenoble AN - OPUS4-56875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vo, P. H.N. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Nguyen, H. T.M. A1 - Hamilton, B. R. A1 - Thai, P. K. A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Mueller, J. F. T1 - µ-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for detection of PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete N2 - An improved understanding of the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in PFAS-impacted concrete is important for risk management and decontamination of PFAS. This study incorporates µ-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy to gain non-destructive insights into PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete. The μ-XRF and μ-XANES spectroscopy provided additional details on the detection of PFAS, which were not detected by the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging method conducted previously. The shorter chain PFAS were found on the top part of the concrete core (0.5 cm), and longer chain PFAS were mostly at the bottom part of the concrete core (5 cm). The inorganic fluorine fraction was also detected, and it likely hampered the detection of organic fluorine such as PFAS in the concrete. Thus, this non-destructive technique is an complementary approach to detect PFAS in contaminated concrete. KW - Beton KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - XANES spectroscopy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100134 SN - 2666-9110 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osgood, A. A1 - Creamer, M. A1 - Bishop, K. A1 - Feston, J. A1 - Kiever, S. A1 - Kelley, P. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - LLIN (Long-lasting Insecticidal Netting) as a barrier protection against museum pests of major importance N2 - In IPM, setting physical and chemical barriers is a cornerstone for pest prevention designed to protect cultural heritage objects in museum settings. Combining a physical barrier with a chemical barrier in the form of Long-Lasting-Insecticidal Netting (LLIN) has proved to be effective against mosquitos in many parts of the world, while in museums there have been promising studies of LLIN for monitoring and controlling Tineola bisselliella and dermestids. This research explores the efficacy of LLIN as an IPM tool in three unique settings to help inform how they work against other major pests of museums. In the first study, we tested the suitability and efficacy of LLIN under controlled laboratory conditions to prevent hatching of Anobium punctatum from infested material. Artificial breeding material containing multiple A. punctatum full-grown larvae and pupae inside and with expected hatch of adult beetles shortly was enclosed with LLIN. Number of emerging beetles and their longevity was compared to an equal setup with an untreated variety of the netting. While emerging beetles with contact to untreated nettings showed a normal lifespan of up to one month, those with contact to LLIN died immediately or within one day after, thus preventing their potential spread completely. In the second study, the efficacy of LLIN as a barrier protection against grey silverfish, Ctenolepisma longicaudatum was tested by quantifying C. longicaudatum mortality rates after different exposures times to LLIN. The third study takes the LLIN into the field to determine efficacy and practical implementation as a containment barrier for cyclical A. punctatum populations in historic house structures. Infestation by A. punctatum has been a recurring and widespread issue at Gedney House (c. 1665), a non-climate controlled, wood frame building in coastal Massachusetts USA. Over the years, Historic New England, as stewards of the property have implemented many historic preservation and conservation IPM practices, including landscaping measures, water mediation, and regular inspections as part of a holistic IPM program. Many pest species thrive in damp and warm conditions, making Gedney House a prime infestation risk. LLIN was hung in various areas of the basement of the Gedney House with a construction-grade vapor barrier, Tyvek, as a secondary layer for collecting dead A. punctatum after emergence from the rafters and other architectural fragments and subsequent contact with the netting. After 18 months, a large volume of dead A. punctatum caught in the LLIN and vapor barrier encapsulation was observed. This study illustrates how LLIN can be a useful tool for a non-destructive, minimally invasive IPM program implemented by museum staff to monitor and understand A. punctatum activity. The combined results of these studies will inform museum professionals and pest management specialists how to best utilize LLINs in museum settings when trying to prevent damage from these majorly important pests of museums. T2 - 5th International IPM Conference for Cultural Heritage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - IPM KW - Museum KW - Cultural Heritage KW - Insect Netting PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Kultureller Ursprung sprachinvasiver Schadinsekten N2 - Unsere Alltagssprache bedient sich so manchem Vorbild aus der Welt der Insekten. In Sinnsprüchen, Sprichwörtern, Redewendungen und Zitaten finden dabei Schadinsekten besonders häufig Verwendung und dies meist in Form der Allegorie als wichtiges rhetorisches Gestaltungsmittel. Redensarten sind ein sprachliches Spiegelbild gelebter Kultur, was den Vergleich mit anderen Sprachen interessant macht. So hat jede Sprache ein charakteristisches Portfolio von ihnen, die sinnverwandt sein, aber auch zu Missverständnissen führen können. Die eng mit uns Menschen verbundenen Lebensweisen von Vorrats- und Materialschädlingen einschließlich der lästigen Fliegen bieten dafür die geschichtliche und kulturelle Basis. T2 - 22 Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Vorratsschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Schadinsekten KW - Kultur KW - Sprache PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61651 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zweigle, J. A1 - Schmidt, A. A1 - Bugsel, B. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Zwiener, C. T1 - Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines N2 - Organofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs ( C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples. Graphical Abstract KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613429 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05590-5 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-61342 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leers, K. A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Untersuchungen zur agronomischen Wirksamkeit des R-Rhenania Phosphats aus der ersten großtechnischen Anlage N2 - Aufgrund ihrer Phosphorgehalte bieten Klärschlammaschen (KSA) Potentiale für die Herstellung von Phosphatdüngern. Da die agronomische Wirksamkeit von KSA häufig gering ist, bedarf es einer Aufbereitung. Diese kann sowohl vor oder während der Verbrennung des Klärschlamms als auch nachgeschaltet durch eine Aufbereitung der KSA erfolgen. Mit dem nachgeschalteten, thermochemischen AshDec® Verfahren können unter Hinzugabe eines Natrium-Additivs bereits wirksame aschebasierte Düngerprodukte aus KSA hergestellt werden. Im Rahmen des BMBF-Projekts „R-Rhenania“ wurde auf dieser Basis ein thermochemisches Verfahren für eine Rostfeuerung entwickelt, bei dem die Zugabe des Natrium-Additivs direkt bei der Klärschlammverbrennung erfolgt. So sollen die hochwirksamen aschebasierten Dünger direkt bei der Klärschlammverbrennung entstehen (R-Rhenania-Prozess). Der Vergleich von Produkten aus beiden Prozessen (R-Rhenania und nachgeschaltetes AshDec Verfahren) zeigt, dass die chemische Zusammensetzung vergleichbar ist. In Versuc T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Phosphor KW - Recycling KW - Dünger KW - Monoverbrennung KW - Klärschlamm PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61908 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilic, Özge T1 - Tracking collective behavioural responses of termites with machine learning pose estimation software N2 - Termites, as eusocial insects, exhibit complex social behaviors critical to their ecological roles. This study employs cutting-edge machine learning techniques, specifically SLEAP pose estimation software, to investigate the interactions of *Reticulitermes flavipes* within controlled environments. By leveraging advanced tracking methods, this research addresses challenges such as track breaks in movement data and uses custom coding solutions to ensure accurate reconnections, preserving the continuity and reliability of individual and group behavior analyses. Custom-designed 3D-printed habitats facilitate controlled observations, while machine learning enables the annotation and tracking of key body segments (mandible, thorax, and abdomen). This approach provides granular insights into colony dynamics, highlighting task differentiation and social clustering. Future applications include the development of automated, continuous recording setups and expanded experiments to examine the impact of varying environmental conditions. This interdisciplinary work, combining biology and data science, advances our understanding of termite social systems and paves the way for predictive simulations of their activity. Such insights contribute to ecological management strategies and deepen our knowledge of collective animal behaviors. T2 - ASAB 2024 CY - Exeter, United Kingdom DA - 21.04.2024 KW - Machine learning KW - Artifical Intelligent KW - Social behaviour KW - 3D Printing KW - Pose estimation KW - Tracking PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61830 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braymer, Joseph J. A1 - Stehling, Oliver A1 - Stümpfig, Martin A1 - Rösser, Ralf A1 - Spantgar, Farah A1 - Blinn, Catharina M. A1 - Mühlenhoff, Ulrich A1 - Pierik, Antonio J. A1 - Lill, Roland T1 - Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol N2 - The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation. KW - Biokorrosion KW - Hydrogenasen KW - Microbially Induced Corrosion PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602328 DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400740121 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 121 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington D.C. AN - OPUS4-60232 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - The Microplastic Microbiome N2 - Microplastics represent man-made and newly emerging surfaces in our ecosystems, where they interact with microorganisms. The ecosystem in focus of this presentation will be the aquatic environment. It will be portrayed, which microorganisms use microplastics as a habitat, how environmental factors shape this colonization, and why the biodegradation of plastics in the ocean is an overall unlikely process. We will also discuss whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms use microplastics as a raft. Finally, possible adaptation mechanisms of plastic-colonizing microorganisms will be presented, such as the production of photoreactive molecules. The microplastic microbiome has a large potential to harbor so far unknown species with curious traits, representing an exciting research topic for the future. T2 - Geomicrobiological and Geochemical Colloquium, GFZ CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 20.02.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Microbiome KW - Biofilm PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maulas, Kryzzyl M. A1 - Paredes, Charla S. A1 - Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar A1 - Jose, Mark Anthony A1 - Opiso, Einstine M. A1 - Arima, Takahiko A1 - Park, Ilhwan A1 - Mufalo, Walubita A1 - Ito, Mayumi A1 - Igarashi, Toshifumi A1 - Phengsaart, Theerayut A1 - Villas, Edrhea A1 - Dagondon, Sheila L. A1 - Metillo, Ephrime B. A1 - Uy, Mylene M. A1 - Manua, Al James A. A1 - Villacorte-Tabelin, Mylah T1 - Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) N2 - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai. KW - Calcium carbonate KW - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) KW - Ureolytic bacteria PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600888 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040339 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-60088 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baar, C A1 - Laar von, C A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Insektenmonitoring und genetisches Barcoding N2 - Die aus der Kirche in Greven entnommenen A. punctatum wiesen größere genetische Unterschiede auf als die aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM. Dies lässt vermuten, dass ein Austausch von zufliegenden oder eingeschleppten Individuen zu einer erhöhten genetischen Variabilität beiträgt. Die Ergebnisse der Sequenzanalysen vom Standort Greven zeigten, dass vier Variationen vorhanden waren. Die DNA-Barcodes aus der Datenbank NCBI (Frankreich, Finnland und Deutschland) besaßen nur SNPs, die bereits aus den Insekten der Kirche in Greven bekannt waren. Nach aktueller Datenlage für den betrachteten Genabschnitt sind diese Varianten (V2 bis V22) als repräsentativ für den mitteleuropäischen Raum anzunehmen. Potenzielle weitere Varianten lassen sich nur über eine größere Stichprobenanzahl entdecken/finden. Die Ergebnisse der Käferproben aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM sind deutlich homogener und entsprachen der Variante 1 aus Greven. Die Variante 1 wurde ebenfalls in vier französischen und einer deutschen Probe aus der NCBI-Datenbank nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf zwei Hauptvariationen (Vx und V20) hin, wobei die eine (VJ homogener als die andere (V20) zu sein scheint. Da für den Räuber K. caeruleus keine Unterschiede in der COI gefunden wurden, gilt zu prüfen, ob der gewählte Genabschnitt für die Untersuchung repräsentativ ist. Dies ist mit einer höheren Probenzahl zu validieren. T2 - 32. Deutsche Holzschutztagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.04.2024 KW - Korynaetes caeruleus KW - Insektenmonitoring KW - Genetisches Barcoding KW - Anobium punctatum PY - 2024 SP - 244 EP - 252 AN - OPUS4-60027 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leube, Peter T1 - Quantification of ultrashort per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples via headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - a method development N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were classified as a group of highly concerning chemicals over the last decades. Because of the high persistence of PFAS, their previous use led to contamination of the environment and human population. Due to ongoing use and incomplete remediation or destruction methods, the PFAS background in the environment is growing continuously. The presence of ultrashort PFAS (with ≤3 carbon atoms) in the environment is often overlooked despite their contributions to PFAS levels. These compounds may directly contaminate the environment and arise from degradation of polyfluorinated compounds as well as incomplete PFAS destruction in certain industrial processes. Nonetheless, few approaches for targeted analysis of ultrashort PFASs have been developed, except for trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Beside liquid (LC-MS/MS), supercritical fluid (SFC-MS/MS), and ion chromatography (IC-MS)-based systems, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a promising method for detection and quantification of ultrashort PFAS. The goal of this study was to develop a simple headspace GC-MS method for the quantification of ultrashort perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and polyfluorinated alcohols (PFOHs) in water samples. In contrast to PFOHs, functionalization of PFCAs was required for quantification. This was done by esterification with methanol at 80 °C, which can be carried out directly in the headspace GC-MS system. Moreover, several parameters were optimized to achieve a low limit of quantification (LOQ) for the analytes used: i) The ratio of the aqueous solution, methanol, and available gas phase within the analysis vessel, ii) the concentration of additional acid in esterification mixtures of PFCAs, iii) shaking frequency and iv) shaking time before analysis. After optimizing the procedure, we were able to quantify ultrashort PFCAs and PFOHs. Thus, our developed headspace GC-MS method has the potential to be used as an alternative target analysis for ultrashort-chain PFCAs and PFOHs in various water samples (groundwater, wastewater). T2 - SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting CY - Seville, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Ultrashort PFAS KW - Headspace GC-MS KW - Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) KW - Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Panglisch, S. T1 - Detection, Quantification and Treatment of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ben Efraim, R. T1 - Comparison of PFAS Adsorption and Electro-Sorption Using Pristine and Functionalized MWCNTs N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively utilized in various industrial processes, resulting in elevated concentrations in landfills and drinking water reservoirs. Despite recognizing that shortchained PFAS are harmful, they are often overlooked. Short-chain PFAS are more challenging to remove via adsorption and membrane separation processes, and their detection is complex, thus creating a critical gap in understanding their environmental impact. To improve their environmental monitoring, we aim to improve short-chain PFAS adsorption and electro-sorption on novel carbon-based adsorbers such as pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and assess their adsorption mechanisms. Based on the obtained result, we aim to develop a PFAS passive sampling device. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Sorption PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leube, Peter T1 - Quantification of ultrashort per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples via headspace gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) - a method development N2 - Ultrashort PFAS (≤ 3 carbon atoms) were overlooked for a long time in analytical monitoring. Beside through the use of these substances, they contribute to the PFAS background in the environment through (environmental/ bio-) degradation and incomplete destruction3 of PFAS with longer carbon chains or other fluorinated compounds. As part of the German-Israeli Cooperation in Water Technology Research project „Detection, quantification, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater“ (DEFEAT-PFAS), we are developing an as simple as possible direct headspace (HS-)GC-MS method to detect trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and perfluoropropanioc acid (PFPrA), as well as trifluoroethanol (TFEtOH), pentafluoropropanol(PFPrOH) and hexafluoroiospropanol (HFIP) in water samples. Here we present the results of the PFAS mentioned in spiked ultrapure water solutions. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60330 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Ben Efraim, R. A1 - Nir, O. A1 - Chaudhary, M. A1 - Futterlieb, M. A1 - Panglisch, S. T1 - DEFEAT-PFAS: Detection, Quantification, and Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 UR - https://indico.scc.kit.edu/event/4029/attachments/7552/12045/Proceedings_Ger-Isr-Coop_Status-Seminar-2024.pdf SP - 33 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-60331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Detektion, Quantifizierung und Entfernung von insbesondere ultrakurzkettigen PFAS in Grundwasser N2 - Da PFAS in großem Umfang in einer Vielzahl von Produkten verwendet wurde, sind sie im Grundwasser in der Nähe vieler industrieller und militärischer Anlagen weltweit zu finden. Darüber hinaus führten neue Vorschriften und Beschränkungen für die Verwendung von langkettigen PFAS zu einer vermehrten Produktion kurzkettiger Alternativen. Ultrakurzkettige PFAS (≥C3) können natürliche und anthropogene Barrieren durchdringen und schließlich in Trinkwasserquellen gelangen. Zudem entfernen die meisten gängigen Trinkwasser-aufbereitungsverfahren die ultrakurzkettigen PFAS nicht ausreichend. Im Kooperationsprojekt DEFEAT-PFAS wird daher das Ziel verfolgt, Wissenslücken über Nachweis, Quantifizierung und Entfernung von kurz- (C4-C7) und ultrakurzkettige (C1-C3) PFAS, in kontaminiertem Grundwasser zu schließen. Die israelischen und deutschen Projektpartner entwickeln dafür analytische Methoden and selektive Passivsammler, um das zeitliche Profil von PFAS-Spezies im Grundwasser zu erfassen und überwachen. Darüber hinaus ein zweistufiges Verfahren entwickelt, welches darauf ausgelegt ist, die relativ niedrigen PFAS-Konzentrationen im Grundwasser durch neuartige Membranverfahren, Umkehrosmose im Batchbetrieb mit geschlossenem Kreislauf sowie Verbund-Nanofiltrationsmembranen, zu konzentrieren. Anschließend werden die PFAS angereicherten Konzentrate mittels Koagulation behandelt und das verbleibende PFAS an kohlenstoffhaltigen Nanomaterialien adsorbiert. T2 - Workshop des Netzwerks Perflusan CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Grundwasser KW - Per- und Polyfluoroierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60334 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp ED - Thiel, Stephanie ED - Thome-Kozminesky, Elisabeth ED - Antrekowitsch, Helmut ED - Pomberger, Roland ED - Firsbach, Felix T1 - Einstufung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Hinblick auf die weitere Verwertung – Handlungsempfehlungen N2 - Die Einstufung von Hausmüllverbrennungsasche (IBA) als gefährlich oder nicht gefährlich nach der Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (ökotoxisch) ist nach wie vor umstritten, da es noch keine keine allgemein anerkannten Methoden zur Bewertung gibt. Wenn die Berechnungsregeln angewendet werden sollen angewendet werden sollen, sind Kenntnisse über die chemische Zusammensetzung von IBA erforderlich. Informationen über über die chemische Zusammensetzung von IBA können mit einem Ansatz gewonnen werden, der auf der Gruppierung von Substanzen. Für IBA können vier Stoffgruppen definiert werden: 1. elementare und legierte Metalle, 2. leicht wasserlösliche Stoffe, 3. schwer lösliche Stoffe und 4. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen. Elementares und legiertes Cu und Zn sind in der IBA vorhanden und werden in der Regel als Nichteisenmetallfraktion zurückgewonnen, zumindest die größeren Partikel. Zn-Partikel, die kleiner als 1 mm sind, werden als H410 eingestuft, feine Partikel von Cu nur als H411. Die wasserlösliche Fraktion kann mit Standardauslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden Auslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden, z. B. bei einem Flüssigkeits-Feststoff-Verhältnis (L/S) von 2 oder 10 l/kg. Sowohl die Sulfate von Zn als auch von Cu gehören zu dieser Gruppe. In einer neueren Veröffentlichung wurde gezeigt, dass bei den oben genannten Metalle die ausgelaugte Menge weit unter dem Grenzwert von 1.000 mg/kg liegt, selbst wenn stöchiometrische Faktoren angewendet werden. Stoffgruppe 3 sind potenzielle H410-Stoffe. Dabei handelt es sich um Carbonate, Hydroxide und Oxide der betreffenden Elemente, die löslich sind in schwachen organischen Säuren wie Essigsäure löslich sind. Die Worst-Case-Stoffe der Gruppe 3, d. h. die Verbindungen mit den höchsten stöchiometrischen Faktoren, sind CuCO3xCu(OH)2 und ZnO. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen wie Silikate oder Sulfide sind nur löslich in starken Säuren (z.B. Königswasser) löslich und haben keinen Ökotoxizitäts-Gefahrencode. Das Mobilisierungsverhalten der relevanten Schwermetalle und damit der Gruppe der schwer schwerlöslichen Verbindungen kann mit der 4-stufigen sequentiellen Extraktion untersucht werden. Für die HP14 Einstufung könnte auch eine einstufige Extraktion ausreichend sein. Nur die Elemente Zn und Cu sind für die HP14-Einstufung der IBA von Bedeutung, da die Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unterhalb des Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unter der Cut-Off-Grenze von 0,1 % liegen, selbst wenn man sie in chemischen Verbindungen mit stöchiometrischen Faktoren. Im Ergebnis wurde gezeigt, dass IBA in der Regel als nicht gefährlich einzustufen ist. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Rostasche KW - Ökotoxizität KW - Sequenzielle Extraktion PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-911006-80-4 VL - 11 SP - 176 EP - 190 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-60281 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Einstufung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Hinblick auf die weitere Verwertung – Handlungsempfehlungen N2 - Die Einstufung von Hausmüllverbrennungsasche (HMVA) als gefährlich oder nicht gefährlich nach der Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (ökotoxisch) ist nach wie vor umstritten, da es noch keine allgemein anerkannten Methoden zur Bewertung gibt. Wenn die Berechnungsregeln angewendet werden sollen angewendet werden sollen, sind Kenntnisse über die chemische Zusammensetzung von HMVA erforderlich. Informationen über die chemische Zusammensetzung von HMVA können mit einem Ansatz gewonnen werden, der auf der Gruppierung von Substanzen. Für HMVA können vier Stoffgruppen definiert werden: 1. elementare und legierte Metalle, 2. leicht wasserlösliche Stoffe, 3. schwer lösliche Stoffe und 4. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen. Elementares und legiertes Cu und Zn sind in der HMVA vorhanden und werden in der Regel als Nichteisenmetallfraktion zurückgewonnen, zumindest die größeren Partikel. Zn-Partikel, die kleiner als 1 mm sind, werden als H410 eingestuft, feine Partikel von Cu nur als H411. Die wasserlösliche Fraktion kann mit Standardauslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden Auslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden, z. B. bei einem Flüssigkeits-Feststoff-Verhältnis (L/S) von 2 oder 10 l/kg. Sowohl die Sulfate von Zn als auch von Cu gehören zu dieser Gruppe. In einer neueren Veröffentlichung wurde gezeigt, dass bei den oben genannten Metalle die ausgelaugte Menge weit unter dem Grenzwert von 1.000 mg/kg liegt, selbst wenn stöchiometrische Faktoren angewendet werden. Stoffgruppe 3 sind potenzielle H410-Stoffe. Dabei handelt es sich um Carbonate, Hydroxide und Oxide der betreffenden Elemente, die löslich sind in schwachen organischen Säuren wie Essigsäure löslich sind. Die Worst-Case-Stoffe der Gruppe 3, d. h. die Verbindungen mit den höchsten stöchiometrischen Faktoren, sind CuCO3xCu(OH)2 und ZnO. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen wie Silikate oder Sulfide sind nur löslich in starken Säuren (z.B. Königswasser) löslich und haben keinen Ökotoxizitäts-Gefahrencode. Das Mobilisierungsverhalten der relevanten Schwermetalle und damit der Gruppe der schwer schwerlöslichen Verbindungen kann mit der 4-stufigen sequenziellen Extraktion untersucht werden. Für die HP14 Einstufung könnte auch eine einstufige Extraktion ausreichend sein. Nur die Elemente Zn und Cu sind für die HP14-Einstufung der HMVA von Bedeutung, da die Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unterhalb des Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unter der Cut-Off-Grenze von 0,1 % liegen, selbst wenn man sie in chemischen Verbindungen mit stöchiometrischen Faktoren. Im Ergebnis wurde gezeigt, dass HMVA in der Regel als nicht gefährlich einzustufen ist. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Rostasche KW - Ökotoxizität KW - Sequenzielle Extraktion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60284 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - PFAS analysis by fluorine K-edge XANES spectroscopy and thermal and mechanochemical treatment N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of more than 12,000 organofluorine surfactants. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. . Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Furthermore, the contaminated adsorbants have to be safely thermal treated for recovery. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill. T2 - SEMICON CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 12.12.2024 KW - Mechanochemical treatment KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Thermal treatment PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62183 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fuentes, Elsa A1 - Prieto, Beatriz T1 - Effect of climate change on phototrophic biofilms colonizing granitic rocks and their biodeteriogenic activity. N2 - Material cultural heritage from NW of the Iberian Peninsula is linked to the use or presence of granite, whether in historical buildings, sculptures, archaeological sites or any other artistic manifestation. This resistant material has the ideal physical characteristics that favor its longevity, but, like any material exposed to the environment, it is susceptible to deterioration. To this respect, environmental changes due to climate change and global change may modify biological colonization-substrate interactions. The main objective of the present research was to analyse the effects of Climate Change, more specifically changes in water availability, increased temperature, increased CO2 concentrations and changes in UV-B radiation patterns, on the survival and biodeteriogenic activity of phototrophic biofilms on granite heritage and the consequences for the built heritage. Both field and laboratory work were carried out. Field studies were conducted on three rural churches to characterise the current biological colonization. A higher proportion of algae than cyanobacteria was identified, with the genera Trentepohlia and Desmococcus standing out among the former. The most common current fungi are lichenised fungi, but black fungal genera such as Catenulostroma, Rhinocladiella and Knufia were also identified. Bacterial genera related to the production of sphinganes, EPS, carotenoids and some causing the so-called pink discolouration are also present. The effect of climate change on the growth and physiological state of the organisms was analysed in the laboratory. For this purpose, mixed biofilms were developed in the laboratory and exposed to changing conditions of temperature, water availability, CO2 and UV-B. A reduction in growth was observed with increasing water restriction, although in the initial colonization process, rock bioreceptivity was shown to be a more important aspect in favoring anchorage and retention of organisms. Temperature was shown to have a growth-enhancing effect when water availability was low, whereas an increase in CO2 only resulted in increased growth under conditions of high-water availability. Increased UV-B produced a reduction in growth, especially at the highest dose (equivalent to the current dose of a west-facing wall in southern Portugal, which is considered as high), while little difference in the physiological state of the organisms was observed at the current doses in Galicia (considered as medium) and southern Ireland (considered as low). Clear changes in microbial composition were observed, with a trend towards increased or greater resistance of cyanobacteria to higher temperature, lower water availability and higher UV-B doses. In addition, all these changes in development, physiological and microbial composition had an effect on the predominant pigments, tending towards more yellowish-brownish colourations, and on the ability of the organisms to generate biodeterioration by affecting ion concentrations on water solutions by enhancing their consumption or adhesion which lead to granite deterioration. Future work should take into account the combination of a greater number of climatic parameters simultaneously and also the possible resistances associated with the nature of the SAB community studied. T2 - 19th International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Biofilm KW - Granite KW - Climate change KW - Biodeterioration KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Julseth, Mara Jean T1 - Chromosome chains in termite evolution N2 - Termites, the oldest eusocial insect group, display important divergent features compared to the eusocial Hymenoptera, including diploidy and an XY sex differentiation system. Termite males have frequently been shown to generate multivalent chromosome chains and rings during meiosis. This intriguing phenomenon could act on multiple evolutionary scales. Firstly, chain formation creates a higher probability of large-scale chromosomal translocations, which could play an important role in chromosome evolution across deep evolutionary time. Secondly, chains occurring in meiosis I should suppress recombination, leading to accumulation of genetic divergence in corresponding chromosomal regions, with potential consequences for speciation dynamics. Suppressed recombination may also represent a mechanism to maintain genetic heterozygosity, thereby theoretically mitigating against the negative effects of inbreeding. A high tolerance for inbreeding could have played a prominent role during the evolution of termite eusociality through its potential impact on inclusive fitness. Using newly sequenced near-chromosome-level reference genomes of native European Reticulitermes species, we will compare chromosomal translocations against other termite species as well as solitary relatives from Blattodea. Additionally, combining a large-scale population genomic data set with high resolution karyotypying across the southern European range, we aim to test the hypotheses that the occurrence and extent of chromosomal rings or chains i) are positively correlated with inbreeding, and ii) contribute to species divergence via the accumulation and fixation of genetic differences. In summary, this project seeks to identify the diverse roles that chain and ring chromosomes have played and continue to play in termite evolution. T2 - IUSSI 2024 CY - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 07.07.2024 KW - Termites KW - Chromosomes KW - Evolution PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61254 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Julseth, Mara Jean T1 - Chromosome evolution in Reticulitermes of europe - dynamics of chain formation N2 - Termites, the oldest eusocial insect group, display important divergent features compared to the eusocial Hymenoptera, including diploidy and an XY sex differentiation system. Termite males have frequently been shown to generate multivalent chromosome chains and rings during meiosis. This intriguing phenomenon could act on multiple evolutionary scales. Firstly, chain formation creates a higher probability of large-scale chromosomal translocations, which could play an important role in chromosome evolution across deep evolutionary time. Secondly, chains occurring in meiosis I should suppress recombination, leading to accumulation of genetic divergence in corresponding chromosomal regions, with potential consequences for speciation dynamics. Suppressed recombination may also represent a mechanism to maintain genetic heterozygosity, thereby theoretically mitigating against the negative effects of inbreeding. A high tolerance for inbreeding could have played a prominent role during the evolution of termite eusociality through its potential impact on inclusive fitness. Using newly sequenced near-chromosome-level reference genomes of native European Reticulitermes species, we will compare chromosomal translocations against other termite species as well as solitary relatives from Blattodea. Additionally, combining a large-scale population genomic data set with high resolution karyotypying across the southern European range, we aim to test the hypotheses that the occurrence and extent of chromosomal rings or chains i) are positively correlated with inbreeding, and ii) contribute to species divergence via the accumulation and fixation of genetic differences. In summary, this project seeks to identify the diverse roles that chain and ring chromosomes have played and continue to play in termite evolution. T2 - SPP Meeting Gevol CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 30.09.2024 KW - Termites KW - Chromosomes KW - Evolution PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Carbon Fibers as Secondary Resource - Safety during application in pyrometallurgy N2 - Transformation technologies rely on lightweight construction based on carbon fibers (CF). Therefore, carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) make an important contribution to climate protection and resource efficiency. Nevertheless, the waste stream of approximately 62 kt/a poses a major challenge. Because the energy intensive production of CF is predominantly based on fossil raw materials, sustainable recycling solutions are pushed forward. The currently predominating role mechanical recycling loses attractiveness and the market share of processes recovering the high value fibers by pyrolysis or solvolysis raise in importance. Nevertheless, fibers that are to short to continue circulating, analogous to paper fibers, demand for a safe treatment. Because energetic is not feasible due to an incomplete conversion in conventional waste treatment facilities. To circumvent the chemical limitations of the conversion, new reaction pathways need to be opened. Therefore, the CF Pyro project investigates the application of CF containing waste streams as a secondary raw material in pyrometallurgy, replacing fossil coal. It places particular emphasis on the reactivity of CF, process stability and the avoidance of emissions of harmful WHO fibers. Finally, a technology assessment based on the experimental results and developed in dialog with experts from industry, science and politics is presented. T2 - Workshop on releases of critical fibres CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 13.09.2024 KW - Cabon Fibers KW - Recycling KW - Waste Treatment KW - Secondary Resource KW - Pyrometallurgy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61278 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CFK-Recycling N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse gegeben und deren Limitierungen diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen aufgezeigt, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Abschließend wird eine, auf den experimentellen Ergebnissen und im Dialog mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik entwickelten, Technologiebewertung vorgestellt. T2 - 4. Netzwerktreffen Leichtbau Berlin-Brandenburg CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.10.2024 KW - Cabonfasern KW - Recycling PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61279 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prajapati, Harshit Kumar T1 - Experimental evolution of Deformed Wing Virus in developing honeybees (Apis mellifera) N2 - The emergence of several infectious diseases in the last few decades has resulted in elevated honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. Especially, (+) single-stranded RNA viruses (like Deformed Wing Virus) have become prominent due to a novel vector from Asia, the ectoparasitic mite – Varroa destructor. The evolution of DWV virulence is thought to have shifted dramatically since the arrival of V. destructor. According to the virulence trade-off theory, viruses found in vector-invaded hosts should evolve a certain level of virulence that optimizes transmission and subsequent spread. In this study, we aim to test this prediction by passaging DWV in white-eyed pupae by microinjection (10 generations), to emulate the vectoring function of V. destructor. Isolated viruses will be quantified, genotyped, and subjected to 3 transmission selection regimes: (i) Early: at 8 days, (ii) Optimal: at 11 days, and (iii) Late: at 14 days of injection. Viral genomes from all passages will be analyzed by combined data from high-throughput (Illumina NextSeq) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing. Viral population dynamics will be reconstructed, linking of mutations to inter-host transmission and viral load, and site-/gene-specific tests of natural selection will be conducted T2 - Ecological Immunology Conference 2022 CY - Heidesee, Germany DA - 07.09.2022 KW - Evolution KW - Varroa KW - Honeybees PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61714 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prajapati, Harshit Kumar T1 - Bees got a virus? N2 - The poster was presented at the long night of sciences 2023, to spread awareness about the Deformed Wing Virus - a leading cause of honeybee colony losses worldwide. We also describe our research contributions to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of this virus. T2 - Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.06.2023 KW - Evolution KW - Varroa destructor KW - Honeybees KW - Virus PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prajapati, Harshit Kumar T1 - Transmission mediated adaptation of virulence in Deformed Wing Virus N2 - The emergence of several infectious diseases in the last few decades has resulted in elevated honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. Especially, (+) single-stranded RNA viruses like Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) have become prominent due to a novel vector from Asia, the ectoparasitic mite – Varroa destructor. The evolution of DWV may have been significantly affected by the establishment of a new transmission route, as represented by V. destructor. According to virulence-transmission trade-off theory, viruses found in vector-invaded hosts may evolve a level of virulence that maximizes transmission and subsequent spread in the colony. In this study, we tested this prediction by passaging DWV in white-eyed pupae by microinjection over 10 generations, to emulate the vectoring function of V. destructor, while subjecting the virus to 3 different transmission selection regimes: (i) Early: at 4 days, (ii) Optimal: at 6 days, and (iii) Late: at 8 days post-injection. The evolved viral genomes are analyzed by long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing. The reconstructed viral population dynamics are compared with the inter-host transmission and viral load, to identify fixed mutations contributing to the adapted virulence. Using a site-/gene-specific test of natural selection, we explore the phenotypic effects of virulence among the evolved viruses. T2 - International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting 2024 CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 28.05.2024 KW - Evolution KW - Varroa destructor KW - Honeybees KW - Virus PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prajapati, Harshit Kumar T1 - Transmission-mediated adaptation in virulence of a major honeybee pathogen - Deformed Wing Virus N2 - The emergence of several infectious diseases in the last few decades has resulted in elevated honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. Especially, (+) single-stranded RNA viruses like Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) have become prominent due to a novel vector from Asia, the ectoparasitic mite – Varroa destructor. The evolution of DWV may have been significantly affected by the establishment of a new transmission route, as represented by V. destructor. According to virulence-transmission trade-off theory, viruses found in vector-invaded hosts may evolve a level of virulence that maximizes transmission and subsequent spread in the colony. In this study, we tested this prediction by passaging DWV in white-eyed pupae by microinjection over 10 generations, to emulate the vectoring function of V. destructor, while subjecting the virus to 3 different transmission selection regimes: (i) Early: at 4 days, (ii) Optimal: at 6 days, and (iii) Late: at 8 days post-injection. The evolved viral genomes are analyzed by long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing. The reconstructed viral population dynamics are compared with the inter-host transmission and viral load, to identify fixed mutations contributing to the adapted virulence. Using a site-/gene-specific test of natural selection, we explore the phenotypic effects of virulence among the evolved viruses. T2 - European IUSSI 2024 CY - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 07.07.2024 KW - Evolution KW - Varroa destructor KW - Honeybees KW - Virus PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61720 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Carbonfaserhaltige Reststoffe als Sekundärrohstoff – Einsatz in der Pyrometallurgie N2 - Lightweighting is a key technology for tackling the challenges of the 21st century, in particular climate change. Lightweighting contributes to decreasing CO2 emissions, improves resource efficiency and supports the transition to sustainable mobility. In particular, carbon fibers (CF) and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) play a central role in various industries such as aviation, wind power and electric mobility. With the increasing demand, the waste streams of CF are also growing, and their recycling is crucial for environmental compatibility and the circular economy. The difficulty of CF recycling is to separate the CF from the polymer matrix to obtain high-quality recycling materials. Processes such as solvolysis and pyrolysis are used, with pyrolysis being the more commonly implemented. However, the process for obtaining recycled carbon fibers (rCF) also has disadvantages, since the fiber lengths and qualities can be affected by the recycling processes. Safety aspects are also important, since carbon fiber fragments can be potentially harmful. Processes must be developed for treating carbon fiber waste streams, that ensure safety, since landfilling is not possible due to the plastic matrix. Large-scale experiments have shown that the thermal recovery of CF in waste incinerators is incomplete, which is due to the chemical structure of CF. Pyrometallurgical utilization of CF is considered a promising approach. Here, CF can be chemically utilized in these high-temperature processes in such a way that their conversion is improved while minimizing the formation of fragments that are harmful. In this context, studies on the reactivity of CF in such processes are important to verify the efficiency and safety of the procedures. In summary, the safe and efficient use of CF waste not only contributes to the circular economy but also promotes the decarbonization of the steel industry. It is crucial to develop suitable processes to protect the environment and the health of workers while maintaining the value creation of CF. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Abfallwirtschaft und Energie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.01.2025 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling KW - Secondary Resource KW - Pyrometallurgy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62464 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franz, Mathias A1 - Armitage, Sophie A.O. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Subasi, Bengisu S. A1 - Rafaluk, Charlotte T1 - Trade-offs in virulence evolution: a Hierarchy-of-Hypotheses approach N2 - Understanding the evolution of virulence, that is, the harm pathogens cause their hosts, has major and wide-spread repercussions. A central concept of virulence evolution is the so-called ‘trade-off hypothesis’, a seemingly straightforward relationship between virulence and transmission. However, substantial ambiguity in terminology related to this hypothesis threatens progress in the field. To address this, we apply a Hierarchy-of-Hypotheses approach to provide structured, visual representations of ideas linked to this hypothesis. We illustrate that the trade-off hypothesis is a complex set of many different hypotheses and trade-offs, and we clarify ambiguities and biases in commonly used terminology in the literature. Thereby, we hope to facilitate a more precise understanding of what the trade-off hypothesis means, enabling more targeted and precise hypothesis testing. KW - Pathogen virulence KW - Trade-off KW - Trade-off hypothesis KW - Virulence evolution PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2025.01.006 SN - 1471-5007 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 188 EP - 195 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-62620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Biswajit A1 - Kumar Singh, Amit A1 - Shankar Mahobia, Girija T1 - Hydrogen reduction studies of low-grade multimetallic magnetite ore pellets N2 - The hydrogen reducibility of pellets made from a low-grade multimetallic magnetite ore (Fe content ∼ 45 %) was investigated in the present study. Pellets were reduced in a horizontal tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1173 K for 1 to 60 min. Pure Hydrogen (H2) gas (99.9 %) at three flow rates of 0.25 L/min, 0.5 L/min, and 1 L/min were blown during the reduction process. A maximum reduction degree of 94.07 %, metallization ratio of 0.925, and H2 gas utilization of 9.01 % were obtained at a temperature and a reduction time of 1173 K and 60 min, respectively. In order to optimize the hydrogen utilization, a reduction temperature of 1173 K, a reduction time of 45 min, and a gas flow rate of 0.25 L/min were selected, resulting in a reduction degree and metallization ratio of 90 % and 0.89, respectively. The cold crushing strength (CCS) of the reduced pellets initially decreased and then increased slightly, exhibiting behavior similar to high-grade ores. Imputities like SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO, present in the low grade ores are found to control the porosity of the pellets, directly affecting the CCS and reducibility of the pellets. KW - Cold Crushing Strength KW - Low-grade iron ores KW - Hydrogen Reduction KW - Metallization ratio KW - Gangue elements PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108823 SN - 0892-6875 VL - 215 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-62539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Slee, D. ED - Naidu, R. T1 - Chapter 5 Analytical techniques for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of various anthropogenic organic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms. Because this group contains more than 7 million compounds, they can have very different properties. PFAS analysis in environmental samples is currently mainly utilized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and related techniques as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to conduct target analysis. However, to get a better overview of the amount of “total” amount of PFAS, sum parameter methods like total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), absorbable organic fluorine (AOF), and extractable organic fluorine (EOF) are in development. Additionally, for research purposes, several spectroscopical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, particular induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy as well as19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared, and Raman spectroscopy are available. Therefore, an overview is given on currently available analytical techniques for PFAS in environmental samples and their application possibilities discussed for different kinds of PFAS subgroups. KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Analytics KW - Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) KW - Sum parameter PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110796797-005 SP - 143 EP - 168 PB - De Gruyter AN - OPUS4-62662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - VOC-Sampling inside display cases with focus on BEMMA evaluation N2 - Museum display cases aim to protect art and cultural goods not only from theft and vandalism, but also from dirt and dust. An often-heard argument within a call for tender of new display cases is that there should be no emission inside of the display case. This is nearly impossible for new ones especially when they must also fulfill the requirement of an air change rate of less than 0.1 per day. For example, constructions or decorations in exhibition spaces, storage containers in depot rooms, and exhibition display cases release volatile substances that might lead to irreversible changes or, under certain circumstances, damage to the stored or displayed objects. In Germany beneath the well-established Oddy-test also the BEMMA procedure is used to evaluate the construction materials. For larger amounts of display cases control measurements of VOCs at the end of construction or buildup is quite common. However, what is necessary to measure the air inside of display cases. What are the circumstances when the display cases were closed before the test period? Is it possible to organize a clean environment for reliable measurements. How comparable are the resulting VOCs with results from BEMMA test and control measurement at the end. The BEMMA procedure should include a further VOC-test at 60 °C. What are the benefits of this enlargement. Mainly materials that have a high potential to store VOCs inside of the material in combination with a less permeable surface should be evaluated stricter than others. T2 - IAQ 2024 The International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments CY - New York, USA DA - 18.11.2024 KW - Emission KW - Air quality KW - Display cases KW - VOC PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Song, Jessica T1 - (micro)Plastic biofilms: Keeping afloat by carving out a new niche N2 - As pervasive and persistent pollutants, microplastics exist alongside vast microbial communities in nature. These hardy substrates accumulate rich polymeric matrices from their surroundings that in turn offer nutrition and protection to diverse communities and their theatre of activity, representing a new ecological niche. In our research to date, biofilm communities demonstrate no specificity to plastic polymers but appear rather to be more strongly shaped by spatial and temporal factors. Other synthetic substrates such as tyre wear, however, signal towards some form of community selection that may manifest in the presence of leachates from the polymer itself. Contrary to these biofilms, polyaromatic hydrocarbons appear to observe the opposite pattern, with adsorbed concentrations on plastic more strongly dictated by the type of plastic polymer than the environment itself. Although community specificity has not yet been evidenced among different plastic polymers, our studies show that microplastics might shape communities in a different way. As suggested by our detection of carotenoid synthesis pathways and photosynthetic gene clusters among microplastic biofilms, we postulate this new niche to shape a specific functional toolkit adaptive among its members as a product of prolonged exposure to UV radiation at the sea’s surface. This opens exciting new avenues for further research into the functional capabilities of these biofilms and offers new perspective on their potential beyond subordinate processes such as biodegradation. Here, we present a synthesis of our collective research on microplastic biofilms, the factors that shape them, and their interactions with nature. T2 - MICRO 2024 Conference CY - Lanzarote, Spain DA - 23.09.2024 KW - Biofilms KW - Microplastics KW - Microbial ecology KW - 16S amplicon KW - Pollutants PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taghavi Kalajahi, Sara T1 - Pilot Study of a Laboratory- Based Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Test Using Microbiological Consortia Sampled from the Field N2 - Experts widely agree that the verification of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) require the use of multiple lines of evidence (MLOE), including metallurgical, microbiological, operational/historical and environmental/chemical aspects. Existing standards related to MIC, such as NACE TM0106, TMO212 and TM0194, primarily aim to offer guidance on gathering such evidence. Working Group 5 of Euro-MIC COST action 20130 (Achieving standardization) proposed a laboratory-based approach that directly confirms the capability of the sampled consortium of microorganisms, obtained from the specific field location under investigation, to increase and/or alter the corrosion processes. It is necessary to verify this laboratory approach by conducting it in different laboratories, performed by different scientist. In the current study, the experiments based on the laboratory protocol of WG5 were conducted at Endures’s laboratory using environmental samples (sediment and seawater) from the North Sea. Metal coupons (carbon steel C1010) were exposed to sediment and seawater samples with varying microbial inoculums and controls over 150 days. Microbial identification, corrosion product analysis, and surface morphology assessments were conducted using molecular and microscopy techniques. The results indicate distinct microbial influences, particularly in treatments containing yeast, which fostered heightened anaerobic activity, notably by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Weight loss measurements and surface analysis revealed elevated corrosion rates and susceptibility to pitting corrosion in microbial inoculum treatments, with yeast presence exacerbating corrosion processes. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of iron sulfide in corrosion byproducts, affirming SRB activity. The findings emphasize the importance of employing a MLOE approach and investigating pitting corrosion to better understand the impact of microorganisms on metal corrosion in the marine environments. This study contributes to advancing knowledge in the field and developing standardization: the lab-to-field transition for MIC testing. T2 - MIC-STANDS CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 24.07.2024 KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), Multiple lines of evidence (MLOE) KW - Marine Corrosion KW - Achieving standardization PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taghavi Kalajahi, Sara T1 - The effectiveness of cathodic protection (CP) on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) control N2 - Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical method, to manage corrosion in different industries, especially in buried and sub-merged environments. In those environments microorganisms are present and can affect the corrosion process and cause microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Most of the industry standards recommend performing CP using -800 mV (Ag/AgCl), however, if microorganisms capable of initiating MIC are present, for instance sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), it is recommended to use even more negative potentials. It is assumed that this will provide adequate protection of the metal. Currently there is no information or valid data in the context of CP, on the level of MIC threat and the extent to which more negative potentials can be used to provide adequate protection and not over-protection (due to hydrogen embrittlement threat). Conflicting statements can be found in the literature regarding the effectiveness of CP on MIC, from reducing biofilm attachment to increasing bacterial activity and biofilm attachment. Recently, the development and lower price of molecular microbiological methods (MMM) have opened the door for more effective studies of MIC mechanisms along with other electrochemical methods and surface analysis. In this work, the genetic functionality of biofilms formed in the laboratory under CP conditions is investigated using transcriptomics. Gene expression of SRB biofilms under different CP potentials (-800, -850 and -900 mV) will be studied; comparison with control will allow us to distinguish the specific genes that are differentially expressed, leading to a better understanding of the mechanism of CP to affect bacterial activity and diversity. Keywords - cathodic protection, microbiologically influenced corrosion, molecular microbial methods. T2 - IBBS CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -