TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Gluth, Gregor T1 - Erzeugung klimaschonender Bindemittel als alternativen zu Zement N2 - Die Zementindustrie und weitere energieintensive Industrien wie etwa die Stahlindustrie stehen vor dem Hintergrund der Transformation unserer Gesellschaft zur Klimaneutralität vor erheblichen Herausforderungen. Ziel dieser Branchen ist perspektivisch die vollständige Vermeidung klimaschädlicher Emissionen – mit besonderem Fokus auf Kohlendioxid. Neben der Umstellung auf regenerative Energieträger, sind im Speziellen für die Zementindustrie die erheblichen Anteile an CO2-Emissionen durch die Entsäuerung von Kalkstein zukünftig zu vermeiden. Da die hervorragenden Bindemitteleigenschaften des bisher hauptsächlich in Zementen eingesetzten Portlandklinkers jedoch auf Calciumverbindungen wie Tri- und Di-calciumsilikaten basieren, stellt die Substitution des Kalks derzeit für die Zementindustrie die größte Herausforderung dar. Neben vollständig neuen Bindemittelsystemen ohne Verwendung von Kalk und CCS/CCU-Technologien zur Vermeidung der CO2-Emissionen bei Verwendung von Kalk, können Abfälle und Nebenprodukte wie etwa Betonbrechsand, verschiedene Schlacken und weitere Massenreststoffe sinnvoll zur Einsparung von Rohstoffen und zur Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen eingesetzt werden. Es gilt diese Potentiale von Sekundärrohstoffen branchenübergreifend zu identifizieren und Synergien zwischen den Branchen nutzbar zu machen. Hierbei werden neben der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Abfälle und Nebenprodukte auch die Verfügbarkeit und der Massenstrom relevante Kriterien sein. Die potenziellen Sekundärrohstoffe und deren Gemische mit chemisch ähnlicher Zusammensetzung wie die bisher verwendeten Bindemittel, können durch verschiedene technische Ansätze wieder in reaktive Bindemittel umgewandelt und damit nutzbar gemacht werden. Eine gezielte Umwandlung der nicht reaktiven mineralischen Phasen in neue mineralische Phasen mit guten Bindemitteleigenschaften, kann u. a. durch Schmelzprozesse erzielt werden. In Schmelzen können bei hohen Temperaturen die bestehenden, nicht reaktiven mineralischen Phasen zerstört und neue mineralische Phasen mit guten Bindemitteleigenschaften erzeugt werden. Hohe Freiheitsgrade durch gezielte Einstellung der stofflichen Zusammensetzung der Schmelze, durch Stoffseparationen und durch geregelte Abkühlregimes können eine maßgeschneiderte Erzeugung neuer Bindemitteltypen ermöglichen. Aufgrund der hohen erforderlichen Temperaturen von Schmelzprozessen ist die Umsetzung dieser neuen Verfahren nach Möglichkeit in bestehenden pyrometallurgischen Produktionsrouten wie etwa der Stahlproduktion vorzunehmen. So kann etwa der Einsatz von Betonbrechsand als Schlackebildner in der Stahlproduktion zielführend sein, wenn die Schlacke wieder zu einem Bindemittel prozessiert wird und in Zementen Verwendung findet. Eine stoffliche Kreislaufführung wäre hiermit gegeben, wobei der Einsatz von Kalkstein als Schlackebildner oder Rohstoff für die Zementproduktion, und damit die entsprechenden CO2-Emissionen, vermieden werden. Die Entwicklung neuartiger Bindemittelsysteme auf Basis von Sekundärrohstoffen sollte von erforderlichen Anpassungen und neuen Entwicklungen in der Regelsetzung und Normung begleitet werden. Vor allem muss gewährleistet sein, dass die mit neuen Bindemitteln hergestellten Betone den hohen Anforderungen an Dauerhaftigkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit genügen. Des Weiteren sollte mit den etablierten Methoden, wie etwa der Lebenszyklusanalyse, untersucht werden, inwiefern und in welchem Umfang die neuen technischen Entwicklungen zu Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz beitragen. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.04.2022 KW - Zement KW - Thermochemische Prozesse KW - Sekundärrohstoffe PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Development of an efficient procedure for the analysis of the emissions of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in emission measurements from construction products and in the indoor air N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard describes a method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air by sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It also gives directions to adapt this methodology to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). Indeed, toxicologically based guideline values are being implemented for these compounds and it becomes necessary to measure them. But a comprehensive and robust measurement method is lacking. Investigations on the use of gaseous standards, the suitability of chromatography columns, the suitable sorbent combinations and the water removal are required. The talk will highlight the points that need to be explored towards the standardisation of a suitable procedure and provide appropriate preliminary results. T2 - Emissions and Odours from Materials 2021, Certech CY - Online meeting DA - 07.10.2021 KW - VVOCs KW - Analytical method KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian A1 - Schlögel, K. T1 - CF Pyro: Stofflich-energetische Verwertung von carbonfaserhaltigen Abfällen in der Pyrometallurgie N2 - Despite its contribution to tackling climate change by lightweight design, growing CFRP production also results in a global waste generation of 62 kt/a. Accordingly, the energy-intensive production process of carbon fibers (CF) necessitates sustainable recycling solutions. Herein we will give an overview of current recycling processes, discuss their limitations and present a novel approach for safe treatment of CF unsuitable for material recovery . Our project CF Pyro examines feedstock recycling in pyrometallurgical processes, focusing on reactivity of CF, process stability and prevention of hazardous WHO fiber release. Besides fundamental experimental breakthroughs, their broader impact on circular economy will be presented. T2 - MAI Carbon Projektforum CY - Online meeting DA - 13.10.21 KW - Carbon Fibers KW - Steelmaking KW - Electric Arc Furnace KW - Secondary Recources KW - Pyrometallurgy PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53520 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Stephan, Dietmar A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Hydraulic reactivity of alite rich material from post-treated basic oxygen furnace slags N2 - Basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) are a by-product of steel production. In 2016, 10.4 Mt of BOFS were produced in the European Union (EU). The main part of BOFS is used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical circle, used as fertilizer or landfilled. However, it is also possible to produce higher value products from BOFS. For example, many researchers have investigated the possibility of producing Portland cement clinker and crude iron from BOFS by a carbothermal post-treatment. In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as reducing agent. The carbothermal treatment reduces the iron oxides in the BOFS to metallic iron, which accumulates at the bottom of the furnace by density separation. In addition to metallic iron, the process generates a mineral product rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite. As the main constituent of Portland cement clinker, the hydraulic reactive mineral alite is of high economic importance. In previous studies, the hydraulic reactivity of the mineral product was investigated by testing the compressive strength of blends with 70 wt.% ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Recent investigations focused on the hydraulic properties of the pure mineral product from the reduced BOFS. The heat of hydration of the mineral product was measured by isothermal calorimetry and compared with the heat of hydration of a synthetic low-iron slag and OPC. In addition, the formation of hydration products was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) on freeze-dried samples after defined curing times. The results of the calorimetric measurements indicate that the mineral product produced less heat of hydration and its reaction was delayed compared to the synthetic low-iron slag and OPC. Hydration products such as portlandite and calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) formed later and in lower amounts. The production of a hydraulic material from BOFS by reductive treatment is of great interest to both the cement and steel industries. The substitution of cement clinker in OPC with a hydraulic material such as reduced BOFS leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from cement production. The steel industry benefits from an application for its by-products that avoids cost expensive landfilling and may even bring economic advantages. Furthermore, it may be possible to return the recovered crude iron to production. T2 - 3rd European Mineralogical Conference CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 30.08.2021 KW - BOFS KW - Calcium silicate KW - Hydraulic reactivity PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Stephan, Dietmar A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Portland cement clinker from reduced basic oxygen furnace slag N2 - Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process, of which about 10.4 Mt are produced annually in the European Union. Besides its predominant use in road construction, earthwork, and hydraulic engineering, it is also possible to use BOFS as a source material for Portland cement clinker. The main difference in the chemical composition of BOFS from the chemical composition of Portland cement clinker is its high content of iron oxides (7-50 wt.%). In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of both Portland cement clinker and crude iron from BOFS via thermochemical reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as reducing agent. The produced low-iron mineral product was chemically similar to Portland cement clinker and contained the most important Portland cement mineral alite (Ca3SiO5) as main component. Besides alite, the mineral product contained other Portland cement clinker constituents such as belite (β-Ca2SiO4) and tricalcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O6). The production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from BOFS has economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industry. Cement clinker from reduced BOFS may be used as a substitute for cement clinker from conventional cement production, thereby CO2 emissions will be reduced. The steel industry benefits from a high-value application for its by-products that avoids cost expensive landfilling and may even bring economic advantages. However, reductive treatment requires high temperatures and, for economic reasons, has to be carried out immediately after casting of the liquid BOFS, which is a logistical challenge for most steel plants. A cost-benefit analysis is therefore essential. T2 - European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes CY - Online meeting DA - 13.09.2021 KW - BOFS KW - Portland Cement KW - Hydraulic reactivity PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53475 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - COST-Action - EURO-MIC (CA20130) European MIC Network - New paths for science, sustainability and standards N2 - Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon that is increasingly becoming a problem for the society. MIC describes the negative effects a material can experience due to the presence of microorganisms. In Europe, several research groups/ other industrial stakeholders are already dealing with MIC. Unfortunately, the discussions are fragmented and the exchange of information is limited. A true transdisciplinary approach is hardly ever experienced, although this would be logical for this material/biology related challenge. USA, Canada and Australia have strong networks, and develop methods, prevention measures and standards, which Europe is forced to use, since nothing similar exists for a network and combined knowledge to design them according to european standards. This makes Europe extremely dependent and, in some cases, the potential measures or standards cannot been used because the suggested solutions are prohibited by European laws (e.g. use of biocides). Therefore, it is important to initiate a new European MIC-network. Europe needs to combine the efforts as experts in different fields and develop prevention measures according to the European rules, in close cooperation with industry and plant operators and owners of critical infrastructure. This COST Action will provide the necessary interaction and communication, knowledge sharing, training of personnel and of researchers of different disciplines. This will bring Europe to a leading role in this process, bringing ideas on an equal level with other nations, considering the values which are important for Europe and attitudes (e.g.environmental protection) and representing greater protection for people, property and the environment. The main aim and objective of the Action is to , in the context of MIC-research/control, encourage a fluent/synergistic collaboration/communication, closing the gap between materials scientists, engineers, microbiologists, chemists and integrity managers to encourage sufficient interaction between academia and industry. This Action will create a common MIC-Network, including the important stakeholders. T2 - EuroCorr CY - Online meeting DA - 19.09.2021 KW - COST Action KW - MIC KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Stakeholder KW - Academia PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoperception in plant- and rock-associated black fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Sunlight-associated stresses are however multiple: high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses. Ascomycota dominating light-flooded habitats accurately sense and respond to changes in light using it as a cue to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships. Two species from two light-flooded habitats – phyllosphere and sun-exposed solid surfaces – were analysed for their photoreceptor distribution. In both habitats phototroph-associated and black [dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin-containing] fungi are prevalent. This diversity was sampled with the plant-associated fungus Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes), while Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes) was included as a typical biofilm-former on sun-exposed solid surfaces e.g. rocks, building facades, roofs, and solar panels. The analysis has shown that genomes of black fungi contain more photoreceptors than animal pathogens and saprophytes such as Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa1,2. B. cinerea that causes the grey mould disease by infecting the above-ground parts of more than 200 dicots has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts1. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of photoreceptors along with the same set of protective metabolites i.e. melanin, carotenoids and mycosporines2. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and -regulation are important for sun-stressed fungi that receive nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic tools for manipulating K. petricola were established3 and are currently used for elucidating the functions of the different photoreceptors in the biology of rock-inhabiting fungi. This work was supported by the grant SCHU 2833/4-1 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and internal funds of the BAM. T2 - 19th Congress of the European Society for Photobiology CY - Online meeting DA - 30.08.2021 KW - Fungi KW - Light KW - Extreme environments PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa A1 - An-Stepec, Biwen A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Development of a single cell-ICP-ToF-MS-method for multielement analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples N2 - The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - DAAS Doktorandenseminar 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piehl, Patrick A1 - Weingart, E. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Recovery of zinc from steel mill dusts in the rotary kiln by joint treatment with chloride-containing residues N2 - During iron and steel production, several by-products such as slags, dusts and sludges are generated in addition to pig iron and steel as primary products. While established recycling routes exist for slags, there are still considerable recycling problems for other residual materials, especially for filter dusts and sludges containing zinc and lead from waste gas purification. However, the high heavy metal contents make landfilling these dusts and sludges cost-intensive and ecologically problematic. In addition, the relatively high zinc and iron loads represent a valuable material potential, which can make reprocessing of the material with recovery of the zinc and iron loads as secondary raw materials ecologically as well as economically attractive. Against this background, a process is being developed in a cooperative project between Ferro Duo GmbH and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), in which the heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium, etc.) contained in the filter dusts and sludges are selectively converted into chlorides in a thermochemical process after the addition of a chlorine donor and evaporated at temperatures between 650 and 1100 °C. This process can be used to recover zinc and iron as secondary raw materials. Experiments to date in a batch reactor show that >99% of the zinc and lead can be removed from the treated material. However, a continuous process is necessary for an economical process, which is why this process is transferred to a rotary kiln and relevant process parameters are identified and optimized. The results of these investigations will be presented here. T2 - European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 13.09.2021 KW - Elektroofenstaub KW - Gichtgasschlamm KW - Recycling KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung KW - Zink PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CF Pyro: Impressions of Applying Carbon Fibers at Semi-Industrial Scale as Reductant in Pyrometallurgy N2 - The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), as lightweight materials essential for the transformation, demands for a safe treatment option of carbon fiber (CF) containing waste streams. Because of their low reactivity towards oxidation processes, CF can neither be treated in a conventional nor hazardous waste incineration plant. Even the extremely high temperature in a cement rotary kiln does not lead to full conversion. To increase the sustainability of CF, other processes need to be investigated. Opening other reaction pathways, using CF waste streams as secondary resource in pyrometallurgy to replace fossil carbon, can be a solution for a safe and sustainable treatment. After first small scale experiments, CF containing waste streams were used as reductant in a semi-industrial scale electric arc furnace (EAF). First results and impressions are presented. T2 - Meeting mit Projektpartner GMH CY - Online meeting DA - 02.03.2023 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CF Pyro: Safe Treatment of CFRP Waste for a Sustainable Future N2 - The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), as lightweight materials essential for the transformation, demands for a safe treatment option of carbon fiber (CF) containing waste streams. Because of their low reactivity towards oxidation processes, CF can neither be treated in a conventional nor hazardous waste incineration plant. Even the extremely high temperature in a cement rotary kiln does not lead to full conversion. To increase the sustainability of CF, other processes need to be investigated. Opening other reaction pathways, using CF waste streams as secondary resource in pyrometallurgy to replace fossil carbon, can be a solution for a safe and sustainable treatment. To support the industrial application, experiments on different scales were conducted. Here, results of thermochemical investigations, reactivity studies, crucible experiments and pilot plat trials are reported. T2 - CU Projektforum CY - Online meeting DA - 19.01.2023 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian A1 - Schlögel, Kai T1 - CF Pyro Stofflich energetische Verwertung von carbonfaserhaltigen Abfällen in der Pyrometallurgie 4. Sitzung des projektbegleitenden Ausschusses N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse und diskutieren deren Limitierungen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen auf, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Neben der Vorstellung von wichtigen fundamentalen experimentellen Erkenntnissen wird ihre Bedeutung für den Wandel zum zirkulären Wirtschaften diskutiert. T2 - 4. PA Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 26.06.2023 KW - Cabonfasern KW - CFK KW - Recycling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58092 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Das Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau N2 - Neben Ressourceneinsparungen in der Produktion sorgen moderne Leichtbauwerkstoffe und -technologien für Energieeinsparungen in der Nutzungsphase. Auf diese Weise sowie als Enabler für eine Vielzahl an Zukunftstechnologien, wie zum Beispiel erneuerbare Energien, Elektromobilität und die Wasserstoffwirtschaft, ist Leichtbau fundamental für die Entkopplung des Wirtschaftswachstums vom Ressourcenverbrauch, die Erreichung der Ziele des Green Deals und eine Nachhaltige Zukunft. Um marktnahe Potentiale für Klima- und Ressourcenschutz vollständig zu heben und Herausforderungen wie die Kreislauffähigkeit im Leichtbau aktiv zu adressieren, fördert das BMWK marktnahe Innovationen im Leichtbau mit den Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau (TTP LB) Auch für die BAM bietet das TTP LB interessante Möglichkeiten, Forschungsvorhaben umzusetzen. Derzeit werden vier Projekte mit BAM-Beteiligung gefördert. In diesem Webinar stellen wir Ihnen die gesamte Breite des Leichtbaus vor und zeigen Ihnen damit direkte Anknüpfungspunkte zu Ihrer Forschung. Dafür wird das TTP LB vorgestellt, werden wertvolle Einblicke zur Antragstellung gegeben und der Weg zum Erfolg wird am Beispiel des BAM-Projektes SmartWeld skizziert. Neben der Erläuterung von technischen Details und formalen Anforderungen des Förderprogramms möchten wir ebenfalls versuchen, einen kleinen Ausblick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen zu geben. T2 - Webinar TTP LB CY - Online meeting DA - 11.01.2023 KW - Leichtbau KW - Forschungsförderung KW - Technologietransfer PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58093 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Carbon fibre composites exemplarily research at BAM N2 - Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given. T2 - Meeting KCarbon CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.06.2023 KW - Lightweighting KW - Carbon Fibers KW - Recycling KW - Push-out Test KW - multi scale testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grimmer, Christoph A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Musyanovych, Anna A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Development, application and measurement uncertainty of emission reference materials N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by furniture and building materials can cause health issues. For an improvement of indoor air quality low emitting materials should be used. Quality assurance and –control (QA/QC) measures require an emission reference material (ERM) with a predictable emission rate of VOCs. The idea is to use porous materials as ERM, which store the VOCs inside their pores and emit them constantly. T2 - Webinar Metrology for Indoor Air Quality Reference materials for QA/QC of the emission test chamber procedure CY - Online meeting DA - 11.04.2024 KW - Emission reference materials KW - Indoor air quality KW - Materials emissions test KW - VOC PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grimmer, Christoph A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Musyanovych, Anna A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Preparation of novel emission reference materials: μ-capsules & impregnated porous materials N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by furniture and building materials can cause health issues. For an improvement of indoor air quality low emitting materials should be used. Quality assurance and –control (QA/QC) measures require an emission reference material (ERM) with a predictable emission rate of VOCs. The idea is to use porous materials as ERM, which store the VOCs inside their pores and emit them constantly. T2 - WORKSHOP: METROLOGY FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY CY - Mol, Belgium DA - 18.10.2023 KW - Emission reference materials KW - Indoor air quality KW - Materials emissions test KW - VOC PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Standardisierte Formaldehyd- (und VOC-) Messungen bei Holzwerkstoffen zur Einspeisung der Daten in Normungsprozesse N2 - UBA und BAM schlagen die Durchführung der Prüfkammermessungen bei 23 °C und 50% relativer Luftfeuchte, einer Beladung von 1,8 m²/m³ und einem Luftwechsel von 0,5 pro Stunde vor. Diese Parameter orientieren sich an der EN 16516, die als zukünftige „Referenznorm“ zu betrachten ist. Die Schmalflächenversiegelung ist auch zukünftig wie in der EN 717-1 beschrieben vorzunehmen. Nach 28 Tagen wird der Mittelwert einer Doppelbestimmung als Endkonzentration („entsprechend der Ausgleichskonzentration“) berechnet. Alternativ dazu kann die Prüfung vorzeitig abgebrochen werden, wenn an 5 Messtagen der Prüfung eine Formaldehydkonzentration von 0,1 ppm nicht überschritten wird. Prüfungen nach der EN 717-1 sollen weiterhin gleichberechtigt möglich sein. Ergebnisse von Messungen, die nach der EN 717-1 ermittelt wurden, sind mit dem Faktor 2,0 zu multiplizieren. Abgeleitete Verfahren wie z.B. das Gasanalyseverfahren sollen weiterhin möglich sein. Das Perforatorverfahren entfällt hier, da eine allgemeine für alle Holzwerkstoffe gültige Korrelationen nicht existiert. Die entsprechenden Änderungen sind in der vom BMUB veröffentlichten „Bekanntmachung analytischer Verfahren für Probenahmen und Untersuchungen für die im Anhang der Chemikalien-Verbotsverordnung genannten Stoffe und Stoffgruppen“ entsprechend zu ändern. T2 - UFOPLAN Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.06.2018 KW - EN 717-1 KW - Prüfkammer KW - Formaldehyd KW - EN 16516 PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45632 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Instruments for Fine and Ultrafine Particle Emission Characterization N2 - An overview on instruments and methods for the measurement and chemical characterization of particulate emissions from local sources is presented T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Aerosol spectroscopy KW - Particulate emission KW - Chemical analysis KW - Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy KW - Calibration PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Selection of low emittiong material for the construction of display cases based on the BEMMA procedure N2 - Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d 1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful immissions inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially high concentrations of organic acids, which can emit from e.g. sealing materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure witch is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. textiles, plastics, sealing material, coatings and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. The BEMMA scheme is not a guarantee for an emission free display case, but a necessary requirement for the choice of suitable materials for emission and immission reduced display cases. T2 - Materials Testing Symposium CY - New York City, USA DA - 06.11.2019 KW - Museum KW - Emission KW - Dispay case KW - BEMMA KW - VOC PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rudy T1 - Sylfuryldiflourid im Holzschutz N2 - Die Anwendung von Sulfuryldiflourid ist auf den bekämpfenden Holzschutz gegen Insekten beschränkt. Die Anwendung in Deutschland regelt die DIN 68800 Teil 4 und das europäische Biozidgesetz. Zur Erhaltung von Kulturgut ist dieses Begasungsmittel einzigartig. T2 - Seminar E.: Symposium zukünftige Verwendung von Sulfuryldifluorid CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 17.04.2024 KW - Holzschutz KW - Begasung KW - Regelwerk PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59917 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aumont, Cedric A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Harnessing near-chromosome level quality genomes to explore the evolution of termite immunity N2 - The phylogeny of the Blattodea boasts a wide degree of sociality spanning from solitary cockroaches to advanced ecosystem-dominating higher termite societies. The emergence of sociality in termites was associated with the acquisition of a diverse range of social structures. Previous work has found evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites leading to an immune system that may favour group over individual defence. While preliminary work suggests a correlation between social transitions and a reduction of immune gene family diversity, the lack of available high-quality termite genomes hampers complete knowledge of the true diversity of immune gene evolution across termite phylogeny. Here, we report on the sequencing and near-chromosome level assembly of 48 high-quality long-read-based genomes across major termite and cockroach sister-branch lineages. We investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of immune genes across genomes, focusing particular attention on correlations between immune gene evolution and transitions in sociality over termite phylogeny. T2 - Royal Entomological Society Annual Meeting - Ento23 CY - University of Exeter, Falmouth, UK DA - 05.09.2023 KW - Immune gene family KW - Termite phylogeny KW - Eusociality KW - Group defence PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58296 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aumont, Cedric A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Immune gene family diversity across insects and Blattodea N2 - Insecta is one of the most diverse phyla in the animal kingdom, with species living in all types of habitats encountering an even greater diversity of pathogens and parasites. Defence strategies against such harmful threats led to a variety of molecular mechanisms, ecological shifts, and genetic innovations. Gene families underlying the molecular basis of the immune responses have evolved within the boundaries given by the species ecology. Here, we explore the evolution of some emblematic immune gene families throughout the Insecta phylum shedding light on remarkable genetic events such as gene duplication or gene loss. We followed a workflow based on the Hidden Markov model to search for immune genes in 55 high-quality genomes of insects. We highlight the emergence of group defence in social species as an ecological shift that released selection pressure on immune gene families notably in Blattodea. Further, we draw attention to certain gene families and the link between their diversity and the specificities of the species’ microbiota. Overall, we report data on immune gene diversity in insects. T2 - International Conference for Blattodea Research CY - Münster, Germany DA - 03.04.2023 KW - Immune gene family KW - Genomics KW - Blattodea PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58298 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jiang, Shixiong A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea: a comparative analysis N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilizing carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the hemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor (AKHRs) sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial woodroaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs. Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite and cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. This study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches. T2 - International Conference for Blattodea Research CY - Münster, Germany DA - 03.04.2023 KW - Adipokinetic hormone KW - Neuropeptide KW - Termite KW - Green pesticide KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aumont, Cedric A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Genomic innovations underlying the evolution of termite social behaviour N2 - The phylogeny of the Blattodea boasts a wide degree of sociality spanning from solitary cockroaches to advanced ecosystem-dominating higher termite societies. The emergence of sociality in the termites was associated with the acquisition of a diverse range of social structures and differential expression of specific gene network. Previous work has found evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites leading to an immune system that may favour group over individual defence. While preliminary work suggests a correlation between social transitions and a reduction of immune gene family diversity, the lack of available high-quality termite genomes hampers complete knowledge of the true diversity of immune gene evolution across termite phylogeny. Here, we report on the sequencing and assembly of 50 high-quality long-read-based genomes and 180 caste- and sex-specific brain transcriptomes across major termite and cockroach sister-branch lineage. We investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of immune genes across genomes, and the potential gene networks that have evolved with the emergence of termite sociality and some aspect of immune related behaviours. T2 - Invited talk at University Paris 13 CY - Villetaneuse, France DA - 27.02.2023 KW - Immune gene family KW - Gene network KW - Eusociality KW - Termite phylogeny KW - Group defence PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piehl, Patrick T1 - Thermochemische Aufarbeitung von Stahlwerksstäuben und -schlämmen zur Zink- und Eisenrückgewinnung N2 - Stahlwerksstäube und -schlämme enthalten in der Regel Schwermetalle wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium, die ein direktes Recycling verhindern und diese Stoffe potenziell umweltgefährdend machen. Um diese Schwermetalle aus den Materialien zu entfernen, werden drei thermochemische Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Gichtgasschlamm, Elektroofenstaub und ähnlichen Stahlwerksstäuben vorgestellt. Zum einen kann die Mischung von Elektroofenstaub mit chloridhaltigen Lösungen, wie sie z. B. in der Titandioxidproduktion anfallen, gemischt werden, um bei der thermischen Behandlung Schwermetallchloride zu effektiv verdampfen. Weiterhin kann der im Gichtgasschlamm enthaltene Kohlenstoff genutzt werden, um in Mischungen aus Gichtgasschlamm und Elektroofenstaub bei der thermischen Behandlung als Reduktionsmittel zu wirken. Dieses Verfahren führt zur Rückgewinnung von Zink und metallischem Eisen und wird im Technikums- und Pilotmaßstab erprobt. Abschließend wird die Nutzung von Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel für Elektroofenstaub vorgestellt. Hierbei lässt sich der Reststoff potenziell klimaneutral in Eisenschwamm umwandeln, wobei die chemischen Grundlagen anhand von DTA-Experimenten und thermodynamischen Simulationen ergründet werden. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Metallkreisläufe CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.04.2024 KW - Elektroofenstaub KW - Gichtgasschlamm KW - Recycling KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung KW - Zink PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A. T1 - How does light affect rock-inhabiting fungi? N2 - Sunlight is an almost unavoidable environmental cue and plays a fundamental role in the biology of pro- and eukaryotic organisms. To cope with sunlight-associated stresses e.g., high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses, it is important for organisms to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. The benefits of light are obvious for green organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants which use light as an energy source (photosynthesis). Less apparent are other light-dependent processes such as light-driven DNA repair by photolyases (photoreactivation) or ion pumping by microbial opsins. Fungi that can share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess many proteins for absorbing UV/blue, green, red and far-red light, produce the black 1,8 dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin and orange-red carotenoids, and may live in multispecies biofilms. Here, we are addressing the question to which extent constitutive pigment formation (melanin and carotenoids) and responses mediated by the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase contribute to the observed light (UV-B) tolerance of K. petricola. T2 - 32nd Fungal Genetics Conference CY - Pacific Grove, CA, USA DA - 12.03.2024 KW - Knufia petricola KW - Black fungi KW - Light-induced stress PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Jovičević-Klug, M. A1 - Raabe, D. T1 - Gewinnung von grünem Eisen und weiteren Wertstoffen aus Rotschlamm mittels Wasserstoffplasma N2 - Rotschlamm fällt in sehr großen Mengen bei der Herstellung von Aluminiumoxid an und wird fast ausschließlich deponiert. Es wird eine neue Technologie vorgestellt bei der das im Rotschlamm enthaltene Eisenoxid mittels Wasserstoffplasma reduziert wird. Es wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus über Titanomagnetit und Hercynit vorgeschlagen. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Metallkreisläufe CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.03.2024 KW - Rotschlamm KW - Wasserstoffplasma PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59722 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Beyond the text: What writing materials of the Cairo Genizah tell us N2 - Results: - Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks. - We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks. - Great variety in the composition of the inks. - No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference. - Inks purchased by (some) scribes. - Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents. - Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court. T2 - Ink Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 28.06.2022 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-58874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Étude archéométrique des manuscrits de la Genizah du Caire: Ce que l'encre nous révèle des communautés juives T1 - Archaeometric study of the Genizah manuscripts of Cairo: What ink reveals to us about Jewish communities N2 - Conclusion et piste: Il semblerait qu’il n’existe pas de corrélation entre le type d’encre utilisés et d’autres critères recherchés à part une marque de préférence personnelle, sauf en ce qui concerne des documents religieux, auquel cas une différence se fait en function de la communauté. Les résultats réunis dans cette étude semble indiquer que les scribes achètent leur propre encre. L’analyse des encres peut nous aider à retracer une chronologie de l’écriture et signature de certains documents juridiques. Élargissement du corpus: - Comparaison avec des documents écrits par la cour du Qadi - Documents d’autres collections - Avec d’autres documents contemporains (Génizah Afghane) N2 - Conclusion and track: It seems that there is no correlation between the type of ink used and other criteria sought apart from a mark of personal preference, except with regard to religious documents, in which case a difference is made according to the community. The results gathered in this study seem to indicate that scribes purchased their own ink. Ink analysis can help us trace a chronology of the writing and signing of certain legal documents. Corpus expansion: - Comparison with documents written by the court of the Qadi - Documents from other collections - With other contemporary documents (Génizah Afghane) T2 - Codicologie quantitative et sociologie du livre médiéval : Faire corps par le livre CY - Paris, France DA - 31.01.2023 KW - Encre KW - Genizah du Caire KW - Archéométrie KW - Manuscrits KW - Moyen-âge PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58875 LA - fra AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Looking through the eyes of fungi: from photoperception to photoresponses and beyond N2 - Sunlight is an almost unavoidable environmental cue and plays a fundamental role in the biology of pro- and eukaryotic organisms. To cope with sunlight-associated stresses e.g., high temperatures, UV radiation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, desiccation, and osmotic stress, it is important for organisms to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. The benefits of light are obvious for green organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants which use light as an energy source (photosynthesis). Fungi that can share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Examples are the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the gray mold fungus, and the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola, a microcolonial black fungus which forms multispecies biofilms with bacteria and algae. T2 - 20th Symposium of the Research Training Group on Bioactive Peptides – The colorful tree of life CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.01.2024 KW - Black fungi KW - Melanin KW - Stress tolerance PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos A1 - Pimentel, C. A1 - Montes Hernandez, G A1 - Kochovski, Z A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Scoppola, E A1 - Van Driessche, A T1 - Solution-driven processing of calcium sulfate: the mechanism of the reversible transformation of gypsum to bassanite in brines N2 - Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4ᐧ0.5H2O), also known as bassanite, has been used as a precursor to produce gypsum (dihydrate, CaSO4ᐧ2H2O) for various construction and decorative purposes since prehistoric times. The main route to obtain hemihydrate is a thermal treatment of gypsum at temperatures typically between 150 °C and 200 °C to remove some of the structural water. In this contribution, we introduce (Fig. 1) a more efficient and sustainable method (T < 100 °C) that enables the direct, rapid, and reversibly conversion of gypsum to bassanite using reusable high salinity aqueous solutions (brines with c[NaCl] > 4 M). The optimum conditions for the efficientproduction of bassanite in a short time (< 5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) > 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T > 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T > 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the typical behaviour of the bassanite phase in low salt environments. Traditionally, hemihydrate is obtained through a solid state thermal treatment because bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite in aqueous solutions, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion should not occur in water. Its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures is inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) > 4 M, and T > 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline structure for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios. T2 - Granada Münster Discussion Meeting GMDM 10 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Gypsum KW - Bassanite KW - Calcium sulfate KW - Recycling KW - Scattering PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Evolutionsbiologischer Ursprung von Holz-, Material- und Vorratsschädlingen sowie ihre vermeintlichen Anpassungen an den synanthropen Lebensraum N2 - Zahlreiche Insektenarten unter den Käfern und Schmetterlingen besitzen die ökologische Potenz, trockene Materialien pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs als Nahrungs- und Brutsubstrat zu nutzen. Daher findet man diese Tiere auch an und in vom Menschen angelegten Nahrungsvorräten wie z. B. Getreidespeicher, an Kleidungs- und an Gebrauchsgegenständen aus Wolle, Pelzen oder Fellen sowie an oder in natürlichen Baumaterialien wie Holz. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht werden sie dann als Vorrats- bzw. Materialschädlinge bezeichnet. Vorrats- und Materialschädlinge haben sehr ähnliche Lebensstrategien. Sie verfügen über eine breite Toleranz gegenüber abiotischen Umweltparametern und sind in der Regel Nahrungsopportunisten. Sie können längere Zeit ohne Nahrungsaufnahme überdauern und haben unter optimalen Bedingungen hohe Reproduktionsraten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die auffälligen Anpassungen von Vorrats- und Materialschädlingen an einen menschennahen Lebensraum das Resultat von Prädispositionen und Selektion hin zu einem Lebensformtyp „Lager- oder Materialschädling“ sind, oder ob die synanthropen künstlichen (Öko)Systeme nur als überdimensionierte natürliche Reservoire fungieren. Ökologische und ethologische Prädispositionen und Adaptationen sowie Verbreitungs- und Fortpflanzungsstrategien von Schadinsekten werden hier diskutiert, um phylogenetische und evolutionsbiologische Szenarien beim Übergang von ursprünglichen, also natürlichen Lebensräumen auf relativ jungzeitliche, von Menschen geprägte Habitate, zu rekonstruieren. Die angeführten Beispiele werden im kritischen Bezug zu publizierten Informationen über autökologische, faunistische sowie archäologische und historische Indizien über Ursprung und Ausbreitung von ausgewählten Schadinsekten (Hausbockkäfer, Textilmotten, Kornkäfer) begründet. T2 - Holzschutztagung der Deutschen Bauchemie CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 30.11.2023 KW - Evolution KW - Umwelt KW - Selektion KW - Anpassung KW - Schädling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58989 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz A1 - Gordon, Nehemia A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Material Studies of Torah Scrolls at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung N2 - In recent years the BAM has been focusing on the characterization of the writing materials of the medieval Torah scrolls. The challenge imposed by the study of this specific type of manuscript led to designing and building dedicated stages to ensure the safety of the scrolls during the analysis. Furthermore, the identification of multiple corrections executed in apparently identical inks required broadening the standard two-step protocol of near infrared reflectography and X-ray fluorescence to include multispectral imaging. This work has prepared the division to participate in the large collaborative project “To roll: Materialisierte Heiligkeit (Materialised Holiness)” based at the Free University, Berlin. The presentation will demonstrate the aims of the studies, preliminary results and the strategies adopted by the division 4.5 of the BAM. T2 - EAJS Congress Branching Out: Diversity of Jewish Studies CY - Frankfurt/Main, Germany DA - 16.07.2023 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - Torah Scrolls KW - X-Ray fluorescence KW - Middle Ages PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Shevchuk, Ivan A1 - Huskin, Kyle A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Breaking the limits of the non-destructive instrumental analysis of writing inks N2 - The ink analysis protocol developed through cooperation between the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung in Berlin and the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the University of Hamburg involves the use of imaging techniques for ink screening, followed by spectroscopic analysis. In our presentation, we will begin by briefly reviewing the history of writing inks and discussing the three main categories: carbon-based inks, plant, and iron-gall inks. We will address their chronology, precursors, and mixed forms, as well as the features that allow for their identification. Then, we will present the techniques we use in ink analysis, whereby we would like to highlight the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach. Finally, we will discuss the new mass-spectrometric method based on micro-sampling and using atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP). T2 - Future of the Past CY - Torun, Poland DA - 14.06.2023 KW - Ink analyses KW - Spectroscopy KW - Mass spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Stephan, Dietmar T1 - Production of an alite-rich material from reduced basic oxygen furnace slags N2 - Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) is a by-product of steelmaking of which about 10.4 Mt are produced annually in the EU. BOFS is mostly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. However, in this use, the iron bound in BOFS is lost and the opportunity to produce higher value products from BOFS is forgone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of both Portland cement clinker and crude iron from BOFS via a thermochemical reductive treatment. The reductive treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density and can be recovered. An advantage of this process is that simultaneously the chemical composition of the reduced BOFS is adapted to that of Portland cement clinker and the hydraulic reactive mineral alite (Ca3SiO5) is formed. In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace and a low-iron mineral product rich in alite was produced. Despite a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS produced less heat of hydration, and its reaction was delayed compared to Portland cement. However, adding gypsum accelerated the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS. Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced BOFS is essential. If successful, the production of a hydraulic material and crude iron from BOFS could have economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industry. T2 - GeoBerlin 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.09.2023 KW - BOFS KW - Alite KW - Hydraulic reactivity PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - BEMMA als Auswahlkriterium für Vitrinenbaumaterialien N2 - BEMMA steht für Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen. Es ist die Kurzbezeichnung für ein Schema/Verfahren zur Untersuchung und Bewertung flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Werkstoffen, die im mittelbaren Kontakt mit historischen Materialien des Kunst- und Kulturgutes stehen. Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen seit ca. 2010 bis 2017 werden präsentiert und diskutiert. T2 - Ringvorlesung der HTW Analyse und Wahrnehmung: Kulturgut erforschen und erhalten CY - HTW Berlin, Germany DA - 16.01.2018 KW - Museumsvitrine KW - VOC-Emissionen KW - BEMMA Bewertung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43828 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Zertifizierung emissionarmer Materialien für Museumsvitrinen N2 - Anregungen aus dem N.i.Ke.-Workshop 2017 und künftige Anforderungen. BEMMA steht für Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen. Es ist die Kurzbezeichnung für ein Schema/Verfahren zur Untersuchung und Bewertung flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Werkstoffen, die im mittelbaren Kontakt mit historischen Materialien des Kunst- und Kulturgutes stehen. Hier wird der Status-Quo des Erreichten dargestellt. Wie wird das Schema in der Museumsöffentlichkeit wahrgenommen und seine Akzeptanz. T2 - BZS-Beirat CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 19.01.2018 KW - BEMMA KW - Museumsvitrinen KW - VOC-Emissionen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43860 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tang, Chi-Long A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Röllig, Mathias T1 - Minimizing the FFF-3D printer hardware bias on particle emission by adjustment of the set extruder temperature N2 - Fused filament fabrication (FFF) on desktop 3D printers is a material extrusion-based technique often used by educational institutions, small enterprises and private households. Polymeric filaments are melted and extruded through a heated nozzle to form a 3D object in layers. The extrusion temperature is therefore a key parameter for a successful print job, but also one of the main driving factors for the emission of harmful air pollutants, namely ultrafine particles and volatile organic gases, which are formed by thermal stress on the polymeric feedstock. The awareness of potential health risks has increased the number of emission studies in the past years. However, the multiplicity of study designs makes an objective comparison of emission data challenging because printer hardware factors such as the actual extruder temperature (TE) and also feedstockspecific emissions are not considered. We assume that across the market of commercial low- and mid-price FFF printers substantial deviations between actual and set extruder temperatures exist, which have a strong effect on the emissions and hence may bias the findings of exposure studies. In our last publication, we presented a standardized feedstock-specific emission test method and showed that for each investigated feedstock an increase in actual extruder temperature was accompanied by an increase in particle emissions (Tang and Seeger, 2022). Therefore, any systematic discrepancy between set and actual extruder temperature matters. In this study, we used a thermocouple and an infrared camera to measure the actual extruder temperatures at different heights. We found significant under- and overestimation of the actual extruder temperatures by the respective set temperatures in three commercial printers. This caused a broad variation of the measured total numbers of emitted particles (TP), even when the same feedstock was operated. For the determination of TP, we followed the DE-UZ 219 test guideline. In a second round we repeated the tests with all printers adjusted to exactly the same extruder temperatures, i.e., to TE=230°C for ABS and TE=210°C for PLA. All measurements were conducted in a 1 m³ emission test chamber. Particle emissions in the size range between 4 nm and 20 μm were detected. Printing on three different printer models without temperature adjustment resulted for each of the investigated feedstocks in a variation in TP of around two orders of magnitude. After temperature adjustment, this was substantially reduced to approx. one order of magnitude and hence minimizes the bias of printer hardware on the emissions. Our findings suggest that adjustment of the extruder temperature should be mandatory in emission testing standards. It also poses a more accurate benchmark and provides more reliable emission data for evaluation of indoor air quality or for health risk assessments. In addition, a proper temperature setting is in the interest of the user. Some commercial FFF printers may have a higher actual extruder temperature than displayed and unintended overheating may not only impair the print quality but may cause unnecessarily increased exposure to particle emissions. T2 - European Aerosol Conference 2023 CY - Málaga, Spain DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Ultrafine particles KW - Thermal imaging KW - 3D printing KW - Indoor air quality KW - Emission testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Grimmer, Christoph A1 - Musyanovych, A. A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca Skadi A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Emission reference materials for indoor air measurements N2 - In industrialised countries more than 80% of the time is spent indoors. Products, such as building materials and furniture, emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are therefore ubiquitous in indoor air. VOC in combination may, under certain environmental and occupational conditions, result in reported sensory irritation and health complaints. Emission concentrations can become further elevated in new or refurbished buildings where the rate of air exchange with fresh ambient air may be limited due to improved energy saving aspects. A healthy indoor environment can be achieved by controlling the sources and by eliminating or limiting the release of harmful substances into the air. One way is to use (building) materials proved to be low emitting. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established. Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. A laboratory’s proficiency can be proven by internal and external validation measures that both include the application of suitable emission reference materials (ERM). For the emission test chamber procedure according to EN 16516, no artificial ERM is commercially available. The EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ aims to fill this gap by developing new and improved ERMs. The goal is to obtain a material with a reproducible and temporally constant compound release (less than 10 % variability over 14 days). Two approaches were tested: the impregnation of porous materials with VOC, and the encapsulation of VOC in polymer microcapsules. Impregnation is performed with help of an autoclave and supercritical CO2. The encapsulation is done by interfacial polymerisation on VOC droplets. For both approaches, synthesis and/or material parameters were varied to obtain an optimal ERM. Findings about the optimisation of ERM generation, as well as performance of the best emission reference materials, will be presented. T2 - GAS Analysis 2024 CY - Paris, France DA - 30.01.2024 KW - Emission reference materials KW - Materials emissions test KW - VOC KW - Indoor air quality PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Harmonised test standard EN 16516 - common approach for all building products for interiors N2 - The presentation gives general information about the European Standard EN 16516 “Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Determination of emissions into indoor air”. This test standard was developed based on the mandate M/366 of the European commission and is a horizontal reference method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different classes of construction (building) products. Specific test conditions are to be selected by the product TCs (technical committees) in a way that a product is tested under its intended condition of use. The test is based on the use of emission test chambers which are operated at constant air change rate and climate (23°C, 50 % r.h.) over 28 days. The standard defines the conditions and requirements for the measurement including loading factor, air change rate, sampling, analysis and calculation of emission rates of the substances. A 30 m³ reference room is described which is used to calculate air concentrations from the determined emission rates. The standard EN 16516 enables the evaluation of construction products regarding their emissions into indoor air under defined and comparable conditions. The evaluation includes the determination of identified target compounds, non-identified target compounds, volatile carcinogenic compounds and the sum values TVOC, TSVOC and R. T2 - UBA Conference - Limiting health impacts of construction products regarding VOC CY - Online meeting DA - 20.04.2021 KW - Building products KW - EN 16516 KW - Emisson testing KW - Construction products PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-58079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Aktuelle Diskussionen aus dem Fachbeirat der BAM N2 - Im Folgenden soll über aktuelle Diskussionen und Arbeitsschwerpunkte im Fachbeirat der BAM und von der Zulassungsstelle berichtet werden. Es werden Änderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Zulassungsrichtlinie für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen vorgestellt. Es wird über die aktuelle Diskussion über die Anforderungen z. B. an metallische Sensoren für Dichtungskontrollsysteme berichtet. Änderungen der Fremdprüfung von sogenannten Sandschutzmatten, des Standards zur Qualitätsüberwachung (SQÜ) von Kunststoff Dränelementen (KDE) und der Anpassung der Formulierungen zum Überbau der in Abdichtungen verwendeten Produkte werden aufgezeigt. T2 - 20. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 12.03.2024 KW - Deponie KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn KW - Dichtungskontrollsystem PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59894 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Chemische Charakterisierung von P-Recyclaten N2 - Zukünftig werden vermehrt P-Recyclate auf den Düngemittelmarkt kommen. Diese müssen ausreichend charakterisiert werden, um Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit beurteilen zu können. Mit dem Vortrag wurde der wissenschaftliche Beirat für Düngungsfragen des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft beraten. T2 - Fachgespräch Recycling-Phosphate als Düngemittel für die Landwirtschaft CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 14.02.2018 KW - P-Recyclate KW - Sekundärrohstoffe PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44178 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Resultiert normgerechte Ausführung verlässlich in hoher Qualität? N2 - Normgerechte Ausführung resultiert in Qualität, aber sie ist nicht allein ein Garant auch für hohe Qualität. Hierfür sind begleitend immer auch nachgeordnete Richtlinien wie z. B. spezifische Gütekriterien zu erfüllen. Der Vortrag erklärt die Normungsarbeit auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene und schildert die Stärken aber auch die Schwächen bei der Erstellung von Normen. Dabei ist die Konsensbildung zwischen unterschiedlichen interessierten Kreisen mit deren Partikularinteressen oftmals ein Hindernis, das aber über Zusatzvereinbarungen und der Norm nachgeordneten Regeln überwunden werden kann. T2 - Tagung des Deutschen Holzschutzfachverbandes für Ausenholzprodukte CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.01.2018 KW - Normung KW - DIN KW - CEN KW - ISO KW - Gütezeichen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43852 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nöller, Renate A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Danielewski, A. A1 - Giel, R. A1 - Overgaauw, E. T1 - Untersuchungen der Humboldt Codices "Fragmens de peinture hiéroglyphique Aztèques, deposés à la bibliotheque royale de Berlin" N2 - In der Berliner Sammlung "Manuscripta Americana" befinden sich Fragmente von Bilderhandschriften, die Alexander von Humboldt 1804 in Mexiko erwarb und der Königlichen Bibliothek schenkte. Die in der frühen Kolonialzeit hergestellten verschiedenartigen Codices waren damals schon nicht mehr an den Orten ihrer ursprünglichen Verwendung. Entsprechend ihres Seltenheitswertes gelangten einzelne Schriftstücke seit der Conquista in die Bestände bedeutender Persönlichkeiten. Hierzu fertigte man auch Abschriften oder Kopien an, oder zerstückelte sogar einzelne Blätter, so dass die Darstellungen auf den abgetrennten Fragmenten oft nur zum Teil abgebildet vorliegen. Um herauszufinden, ob einige Schriftstücke der "Humboldt Codices" in Bezug zu einander stehen, werden die Dokumente, ihre Symbole und Schriftzeichen und das zur Herstellung verwendete Material miteinander verglichen. Mit den für die Analyse von Manuskripten bewährten Untersuchungsmethoden werden Papier und Farbmittel identifiziert. Hierzu zählen Raman-, FTIR-, Röntgenfluoreszenz- und VIS- Spektroskopie. Charakteristisch für die Herstellung von schriftlichen Dokumenten in der Kolonialzeit von Amerika ist die Verwendung von indigenem Material wie Papier aus Baumrinde und Pflanzenfarben zusammen mit den aus Europa bekannten Materialien. Geklärt wird, inwieweit neben den bekanntesten Farbstoffen wie Cochenille, Mayablau oder Mischungen mit Tonmineralen auch mineralische Pigmente zum Einsatz kamen. Vorgestellt werden die auf Tafel 36 in den "Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l`Amerique, Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland" abgebildeten Fragmente. Die hier von Humboldt vorgenommene Zusammenstellung wird mit der Farbpalette der in Berlin archivierten originalen Schriftstücke verglichen. Die Interpretation der Ergebnisse gibt einen Hinweis auf die Zuordnung oder auch Zusammengehörigkeit dieser einzigartigen Dokumente amerikanischer Geschichte. Hierbei wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwiefern davon auszugehen ist, dass diese mit weiteren Fragmenten in Verbindung gebracht werden können, was für die Beleuchtung der kulturhistorischen Zusammenhänge von großer Bedeutung ist. T2 - Archäometrie und Denkmalpflege 2018 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - FTIR KW - Humboldt Codices KW - XRF KW - VIS KW - RAMAN PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44746 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application N2 - Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Perth, Australia DA - 06.02.2018 KW - Leaching KW - Risk assessment KW - Robustness studies PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application N2 - Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Ho-Chi-Ming City, Vietnam DA - 01.02.2018 KW - Leaching KW - Risk assessment KW - Robustness studies PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application N2 - Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Seoul, Korea DA - 29.01.2018 KW - Leaching KW - Risk assessment KW - Robustness studies PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44725 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schatten, René A1 - Szuppa, Tony T1 - Untersuchungen von Bodenmaterialien auf mobilisierbare organische Stoffanteile im Elutionsmethodenvergleich N2 - Im Beitrag wurden erste Ergebnisse eines laufenden UFOPLAN-Vorhabens zu den neuen Kriterien der Verwertungsmöglichkeiten von Bodenmaterialien außerhalb der durchwurzelbaren Bodenschicht nach den §§ 6 bis 8 der Novelle der BBodSchV vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf Untersuchungen der Schadstoffgruppe der PAK. Dabei wurden Probleme der Vergleichbarkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener Elutions- und Analyseverfahren der PAK-Analytik diskutiert. T2 - Fachgespräch Feststoffuntersuchungen CY - Essen, Germany DA - 06.03.2018 KW - Leaching KW - PAK KW - Böden PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Vergleich von Elutionsuntersuchungen auf perfluorierte Chemikalien (PFC) N2 - Im Beitrag wurden Ergebnisse von Elutionsuntersuchungen mit PFC kontaminierten Bodenmaterialien vorgestellt. Zum einen waren das Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Säulenversuchen für diese Schadstoffgruppe und zum anderen vergleichende Schüttel- und Säulenversuche für zwei verschiedene Böden mit unterschiedlichen PFC-Kontaminationsquellen. T2 - Fachgespräch Feststoffuntersuchungen CY - Essen, Germany DA - 05.03.2018 KW - Leaching KW - PFC KW - Böden PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44727 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Bandow, Nicole T1 - Auswaschversuche zur Charakterisierung der Umweltverträglichkeit von Bauprodukten N2 - Im Vortrag werden Auswaschversuche mit Bauprodukten vorgestellt, die dazu dienen sollen, Bauprodukte mit geringer Auswaschung zu erkennen. Zu verschiedenen Bauprodukten (Lacke für Außenanwendungen, Wärmedämmverbundsystemen, Dachziegel und Dachfolien) werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Die Eignung der Auswaschverfahren und die Testergebnisse werden bewertet. T2 - Umwelteigenschaften von Bauprodukten: Schnellbewitterung, Leaching, Modellierung CY - Holzkirchen, Germany DA - 17.04.2018 KW - Testverfahren KW - Auswaschversuche KW - Bauprodukte PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte für eine saubere Innenraumluft N2 - Mit dem Fokus auf eine saubere Innenraumluft wird darauf eingegangen, welche Emissionen aus Materialien und Produkten es gibt und wie sie nach Art und Flüchtigkeit definiert sind und wie sie gemessen werden. Im weiteren wird dargestellt, was und wie viel aus Materialien und Produkten emittieren kann und wie die Emissionen zu bewerten sind. Hierbei wird auch auf besonders emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte eingegangen. T2 - Kolloquium am Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Sommersemester 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Emissionen KW - Luft KW - VOC KW - Aerosol KW - Radon KW - Geruch PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45052 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bandow, Nicole T1 - Consideration of organic contaminants and ecotoxicologal impact of recycling materials - Handling of substances without treshold values N2 - The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Perth, Australia DA - 06.02.2018 KW - Ecotoxicity KW - HP14 KW - Recycling materials PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44456 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Aktuelle Diskussionen zur vorläufigen Zulassungsrichtlinie von Bewehrungsgittern für Deponieoberflächenabdichtungen und zu Auftragsnähten in Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen N2 - Die BAM wurde 2009 u. a. mit der Zulassung von Bewehrungsgittern für den Deponiebau beauftragt. Der Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik bot jedoch keine ausreichende Grundlage, die tatsächlich relevanten Widerstände und die mit diesen Widerständen verbundene Wechselwirkung zwischen Gitter und Boden im Hinblick auf eine mindestens 100-jährige Funktionsdauer realistisch beurteilen zu können. Es wurde daher nur eine vorläufige Zulassungsrichtlinie für diese Produkte erarbeitet. In der Zwischenzeit hat sich ein neuer Kenntnisstand ergeben. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die AG (Arbeitsgruppe) Geogitter des Fachbeirats der BAM am 26.09.2017 getagt. Es sollen die aktuellen Erkenntnisse und Schlussfolgerungen für die Zulassung in Kürze vorgestellt werden. Die entsprechenden Kapitel beruhen dabei auf einem Arbeitspapier von W.W. Müller und dem Autoren, das der Arbeitsgruppe zur Diskussion vorgelegt wurde. Weiterhin soll über Entwicklungen in Zusammenhang mit Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) berichtet werden. Die Anforderungen an die Schweißzusätze für das Extrusionsschweißen wurden angepasst. Zudem soll über die aktuelle Diskussion der Schweißbarkeit unterschiedlicher HDPE Materialien informiert werden. Die maßgebliche DVS (Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren) Richtlinie 2225-4 wird derzeit offenbar so ausgelegt, dass Materialien mit völlig unterschiedlichen Schmelze-Massefließrate miteinander verbunden werden können. Dies steht allerdings im grundlegenden Widerspruch zum Stand der Technik. T2 - 14. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung - Planung, Bau, Betrieb, Stilllegung, Nachsorge und Nachnutzung von Deponien CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 06.03.2018 KW - Bewehrungen aus Kunststoff KW - Kunststoffschweißen KW - Deponietechnik PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44418 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bandow, Nicole T1 - Consideration of organic contaminants and ecotoxicologal impact of recycling materials - Handling of substances without treshold values N2 - The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Seoul, Korea DA - 29.01.2018 KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Recycling materials KW - HP14 PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bandow, Nicole T1 - Consideration of organic contaminants and ecotoxicologal impact of recycling materials - Handling of substances without treshold values N2 - The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail. T2 - Travelling Conference CY - Ho-Chi-Ming City, Vietnam DA - 01.02.2018 KW - Ecotoxicity KW - HP14 KW - Recycling materials PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44455 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Nachbehandlung von Stahlwerksschlacke und deren Verwertung als Klinkermaterial N2 - LD-Schlacken weisen eine große chemische Ähnlichkeit zu Protlandzementklinker auf. Sie enthalten jedoch noch bis zu 30% Eisen, das mineralisch in oxidischer Form gebunden vorliegt. Dadurch kann sich bei der Erstarrung die wichtigste Klinkerphase "Alit" nicht ausbilden. Durch eine reduzierende Schmelzbehandlung der Schlacke kann des mineralisch gebundene Eisen als Metall separiert werden. Dadurch wird auch die Mineralogie der Schlacke so verändert, dass auch sie nun praktisch einem Portlandzementklinker entspricht. Entsprechende Versuche wurden am kleintechnischen Lichtbogenofen der BAM durchgeführt. Es werden Ergebnisse vorgestellt und auf Grenzen und Möglichkeiten eines derartigen Prozesses im Hinblick auf eine industrielle Umsetzung eingegangen. T2 - Berliner Konferenz "Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.06.2018 KW - LD-Schlacke KW - Lichtbogenofen KW - Zementklinker PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45221 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Eine kleine Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte – nebst Möglichkeiten ihrer biologischen Bekämpfung N2 - Zu den unerwünschten Gästen im Museum oder im Haushalt gehört zweifelsohne die Kleidermotte Tineola bisselliella. Es sind die Larven dieses Kleinschmetterlings, die die Schäden verursachen. Neben der konventionellen Schadensabwehr besteht die Möglichkeit, Schlupfwespen zur Bekämpfung der Larven einzusetzen. Der Vortrag rekonstruiert die Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte anhand ökologischer Studien und historischen Indizien. T2 - Konservierungswissenschaft im Dialog Rathgen Forschungslabor CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.01.2018 KW - IPM KW - Museum KW - Biologische Bekämpfung KW - Kulturgut PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43988 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Auswaschung aus Wärmedämmverbundsystemen N2 - Ausgewählte Ergebnisse des UBA-Vorhabens "Beregnete Bauteile und Bauprodukte: Entwicklungen für Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel mit Hilfe von Auslaugtest" werden für organische und anorganische Analyten präsentiert. Ein Schwerpunkt ist den Einfluss der verschiedenen Schichten von WDVS-Systemen aufzuzeigen. T2 - UBA Fachgespräch "Umwelteigenschaften von Bauprodukten: 'Schnellbewitterung, Leaching, Modellierung CY - Valley, Germany DA - 17.04.2018 KW - Auswaschung KW - DSLT KW - Tauchtest KW - Wärmedämmverbundsystem PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44720 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Mölders, N. A1 - Sauerwald, T. A1 - Schultealbert, C. A1 - Mull, B. T1 - Two new promising approaches for quality assurance measures for materials emissions testing N2 - Two new approaches towards an emission reference material for use in quality assurance measures for materials emissions testing were developed and intensively tested. The overall goal was to obtain solid materials with homogenous and reproducible (S)VOC release. Since the application in inter-laboratory comparisons is aimed at, it should furthermore be long-term stable to ensure safe shipment to the customer without sustaining compound losses. In the first approach, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was impregnated with the VOC texanol under high-pressure with liquid CO2 as solvent. In the second, styrene (VOC) and the SVOC 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) were spiked into vacuum grease (VG) and a mixture of paraf-fin/squalane (P/S). For the prediction of the emission rates a finite element model (FEM) was developed for the VG and P/S type materials. All requirements for reference materials were fulfilled, whereas the TPU samples need to be aged for about 10 days until repeatable and reproducible emission rates were obtained. T2 - Indoor Air 2018 CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission reference material KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - CO2 assisted impregnation KW - FEM model PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taube, Mareike Carolin A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Schulenburg, F. A1 - Reuter, M. A1 - Stelter, M. T1 - Optimierung eines pyrometallurgischen Tantal- und Niob- Recyclingprozesses mithilfe von On-Line LIBS N2 - Die Entwicklung von Hochleistungselektronik zu immer kleineren Bauformen ohne Leistungseinbußen ist ohne den Einsatz von Technologiemetallen wie Niob und Tantal heute praktisch nicht mehr realisierbar. Besonders in technischen Geräten wie Smartphones und Tablets sind Tantal- und Niobkondensatoren aufgrund ihrer hohen Leistungsdichten bereits unverzichtbar geworden. Für die nachhaltige Produktion von Elektronik stellt jedoch vor allem das Tantalerz Coltan als sogenanntes „conflict mineral” ein großes Problem dar. Um den Wirtschaftsstandort Europa unabhängiger von Primärrohstoffimporten aus Krisenregionen zu machen, ist die Entwicklung von effizienten Recyclingverfahren heute wichtiger denn je. An der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) findet daher zurzeit die Optimierung eines pyrometallurgischen Industrieprozesses zur Niob- und Tantalrückgewinnung statt, welchem hauptsächlich niedrigkonzentrierte metallurgische Rückstände aus der Tantal- und Niob- bzw. der Zinngewinnung als Einsatzstoffe dienen. Zu diesem Zweck werden im kleintechnischen Lichtbogenofen der BAM (480 kVA, max. Materialdurchsatz ca. 150 kg/h) Versuche mit einem neuen innovativen Messgerät durchgeführt, welches eine On-Line Analyse von Hochtemperaturprozessen ermöglicht. Der eingesetzte Prototyp nutzt das Verfahren der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS), um die chemische Zusammensetzung der Schlackephase noch im Schmelzbad und während eines Schlackeabgusses zu bestimmen. Nach einer Kalibrierung auf das vorliegende Stoffsystem ermöglicht dieser On-Line-LIBS Prototyp der BAM daher eine in-situ Bestimmung der Elementverteilung in der Schmelze. Die hier gewonnenen Daten sollen helfen, die aktuelle Prozessführung zu verbessern und die Tantal- und Niobausbeute noch weiter zu erhöhen. T2 - Jahrestreffen Bremen 2018 der ProcessNet-Fachgruppen Hochtemperaturtechnik (HTT), Abfallbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (AuW) CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 06.03.2018 KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Tantal KW - On-Line Analyse KW - Recycling KW - Pyrometallurgie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45612 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taube, Mareike Carolin A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Schulenburg, F. A1 - Bartmann, U. A1 - Beckmann, T. A1 - Michalik, K. A1 - Reuter, M. A1 - Stelter, M. T1 - Optimisation of a Pyrometallurgical Niobium and Tantalum Recyling Process with on-line-LIBS N2 - Tantalum and niobium are essential for the development of electronics towards a more and more compact design, but without reducing their performance today. Especially in smart phones and tablets, tantalum and niobium capacitors with high charge densities have already become almost indispensable. However, tantalum as a critical raw material is still a problem for the sustainable production of electronics. Due to this fact, the existence of efficient recycling processes especially in Europe is becoming even more important nowadays. The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) is currently working on the optimisation of an existing pyrometallurgical tantalum recycling process. Optimisation of this industrial process is carried out in a small-scale electric arc furnace (480 kVA, capacity approx. 150 kg/h) at BAM using a new and innovative equipment for on-line analysis of high temperature processes. The aim of this project is to identify the best timing for an optimum slag tapping, when the slag is lower than minimum targeted tantalum concentration. Hence, LIBS (Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) is used to identify the chemical composition of the slag layer and during slag tapping. The on-line-LIBS prototype of BAM enables an in-situ measurement of the element distribution in the melt after calibration on the slag system. First results of this joint research project will be presented including on-line-LIBS-measurements and thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the process. T2 - European Mineral Processing & Recycling Congress (EMPRC 2018) CY - Essen, Germany DA - 25.06.2018 KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Process control KW - Tantalum KW - In-situ analysis KW - Pyrometallurgy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - OECD Prüfrichtlinie für die Größenbestimmung von Nanomaterialien N2 - Erste Ergebnisse des Projektes "OECD Prüfrichtlinie für die Größenbestimmung von Nanomaterialien" mit Vorstellung der beteiligten Fachbereiche. T2 - Expertenaustausch BAM-BMU-BMWi CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.06.2018 KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Nanopartikel KW - Nanomaterial KW - Größenbestimmung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45110 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra T1 - OECD-Prüfrichtlinie zur Größenbestimmung von hergestellten Nanomaterialien N2 - Impulsvortrag für den Beirat des Themenfeldes Umwelt über die in Erstellung befindliche OECD Prüfrichtlinie für die Größenbestimmung von künstlich hergestellten Nanomaterialien. T2 - Sitzung des Beirates des Themenfelds Umwelt 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.02.2018 KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Prüfrichtlinie KW - Nanopartikel KW - Nanomaterial PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Agency perspectives on geomembrane durability, service life and end of life N2 - Die Präsentation erläutert die Hintergründe der nationalen Anforderungen für die Verwendung von Kunststoffdichtungbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen. Die Beständigkeit wird diskutiert. Anforderungen an das Qualitatsmanagement während der Produktion der Produkte und der Bauphase werden aufgezeigt und die Auswirkungen auf die langzeitige Funktionserfüllung werden beschrieben. T2 - IGS TC-B GeoBarrier Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 06.06.2018 KW - Beständigkeit KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen KW - Deponiebau PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. T1 - OECD Test Guideline on particle size and size distribution of manufactured nanomaterials N2 - The properties of nanomaterials are influenced not only by their chemical composition but also by physical properties (such as size, geometry and crystal structure). For the reliable determination and assessment of behaviour and effects of nanomaterials as well as for the determination of the exposure of humans and environment a comprehensive physical-chemical characterization of nanomaterials is essential. This is an important prerequisite to identify them as nanomaterials and to interpret and compare test results and - in future – to forecast interaction and effects of nanomaterials. In 2006, the OECD launched a sponsorship program for the testing of nanomaterials in which 11 nanomaterials were thoroughly investigated using a variety of methods. The aim of the project was, among other things, to find out where problems occur and where there are gaps in the measurement and test procedures and where are changes required. An important outcome of the sponsorship program was the finding that the OECD Test Guidelines should in several cases be extended to the specific needs in testing of nanomaterials. The existing standardized test methods of the OECD for physical-chemical characterization have not been developed for nanomaterials in particular. A high demand for an extension of the test guidelines was identified. Germany complied with the OECD's request in 2017 and has agreed to extend the “Test Guideline on Particle Size Distribution / Fiber Length and Diameter Distributions Test Guideline” for Manufactured Nanomaterials (MN). UBA commissioned BAM and BAuA with the preparation of the Test Guideline. The aim of the project is the development of a harmonized test protocol for a valid and reproducible determination of particle size and size distribution which is one of the most relevant physical-chemical properties for MNs. Different measuring methods provide different results for the size distribution of the particles. This is caused by the different measuring principles of the methods. Each method measures a specific parameter that ultimately determines particle size. First, the measured quantity differs for each method (Scattered light intensity, 2D image / projection, electric mobility, etc.). Second, the calculated diameters of the MN may differ (Feret Diameter, Area Projection, Mobility Diameter, Aerodynamic Diameter, Hydrodynamic Diameter). Third, a measuring method provides a size distribution which is measured either mass-based, surface-based or number-based. A conversion between the results requires additional parameters and thus possibly increases the measurement error. In addition to the technical differences, the individual parameters are strongly influenced by the structure and material of the nanoparticles. For example, a surface functionalization can lead to very different results in the size distribution. The suitability of measurement methods differs with the material of the MN. As a result, two very different results can be measured for the particle size distribution using two different methods, which are nevertheless both correct. Several large projects in recent years therefore concluded that nanomaterials should be characterized by at least two complementary method. Imaging techniques are regarded as one of these methods for the characterization, the complementary methods are supposed to be statistical methods. The different results for the size distribution of nanomaterials become problematic for the registration of new MN. A comparable and reproducible size distribution is a prerequisite for a standardized registration. In the future, the particle size distribution in the EU will also decide on the classification of a substance as a nanomaterial or as a non-nanomaterial. Especially in borderline cases, a standardized and comparable measurement methodology is therefore essential. T2 - BAM-PTB Workshop 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2018 KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Test Guideline KW - Size distribution KW - Particle PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Life on the rocks and other hard surfaces N2 - After their discovery on rock surfaces in cold and hot deserts, a polyphyletic group of ascomycetous black fungi was found to dominate a range of hostile environments – natural and man-made, from salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Together with bacteria and algae they may establish subaerial biofilms and cause weathering of the surfaces they grow on. Their impressive survival abilities as well as their constitutive protective pigmentation and cluster-like microcolony organisation are similar in environmental isolates as well as in heat-tolerant opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. We selected the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (class Eurotiomycetes, order Chaetothyriales) that exhibits all the characteristics of microcolonial black fungi such as yeast-like cell growth, absence of reproductive structures and constitutive dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanogenesis (Nai et al. 2013, Fungal Genet Biol). We developed protocols to efficiently generate and transform protoplasts resulting in stable homokaryotic transformants by targeting genes involved in pigment synthesis. The differences between the wild-type fungus and its melanin-deficient mutants were tested in geomicrobiological experiments and measured are now discussed in detail, with special accent on the possible effects of the mutation on EPS and other exuded substances. T2 - Departmental colloquium of the Tuscia University CY - Viterbo, Italy DA - 14.02.2020 KW - Ascomycetes KW - Fungal biofilms KW - Material surface colonisation KW - Genetics KW - Genomics KW - Extremophilic fungi PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietz, Georg T1 - Wasserzeichen- und Papierstrukturanalysen für die kunstgeschichtliche Forschung N2 - Wasserzeichen und Papierstrukturen können einen wesentlichen Beitrag bei der Analyse von Kunstobjekten auf Papier darstellen. Ausgangspunkt hierfür bildet die korrekte Dokumentation mit entsprechender Bildaufnahme und der richtigen Erfassung und Interpretation der Phänomene. An Fallbeispielen aus Forschungsprojekten zu niederländischen Zeichnungen am Kupferstich-Kabinett Dresden und der Grafischen Sammlung Weimar sollen die Möglichkeiten der Papier- und Wasserzeichenforschung als historische Hilfswissenschaft demonstriert werden. Dieser Abendvortrag dient zugleich als Einführung in die Technologie der (Hand-)Papierherstellung, Wasserzeichenerfassung und –recherche. T2 - Papier - unde venis? Hochschule der Künste Bern CY - Bern, Switzerland DA - 16.01.2020 KW - Papier KW - Wasserzeichen KW - ZfP PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50617 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietz, Georg T1 - Sieb und Filz - Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Meilensteine des Papiermaschinenbaus / der Papiermaschinenbespannungen N2 - Im Jahr 2019 jährt sich die Inbetriebnahme der ersten Papiermaschine in Deutschland zum 200. Male. Mit dem Vortrag wird eine Einführung in die Technologie der Maschinenpapierherstellung, samt entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Meilensteine gegeben. Es gilt die Produktvielfalt von Papier und die Gründe für die enormen Produktionssteigerungen bei der Papierherstellung aufzuzeigen. T2 - 27. Tagung des Deutschen Arbeitskreises für Papiergeschichte CY - Düren, Germany DA - 24.10.2019 KW - Papier KW - ZfP KW - Archäometrie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50633 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietz, Georg T1 - Papieranalysen für die kunstgeschichtliche Forschung N2 - Wasserzeichen und Papierstrukturen können einen wesentlichen Beitrag bei der Analyse von Kunstobjekten auf Papier darstellen. An Fallbeispielen aus der gutachterlichen Praxis und Forschungsprojekten der Vergangenheit sollen die Möglichkeiten der Papier- und Wasserzeichenforschung bei Datierungen und Authentizitätsprüfungen demonstriert werden. T2 - PTS-Workshop in Heidenau zu Thema: Materialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsmethoden zur Charakterisierung und Authentifizierung von Dokumenten und Kunstwerken auf Papier CY - Dreden-Heidenau, Germany DA - 07.11.2019 KW - Papier KW - Fälschungserkennung KW - ZfP PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50634 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Stand der Technik der Emissionsmessungen für das Umweltkompartiment Luft N2 - Der mitteleuropäische Mensch hält sich 80 – 90 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Je nach Aktivität atmet er 10 – 20 m³ bzw. 12 - 24 kg Luft täglich, das ist weit mehr als das Doppelte der Summe an Essen und Trinken. Die technischen Voraussetzungen für die Bestimmung von Emissionen aus Bauprodukten in die Luft liegen vor – harmonisierte horizontale Prüfnorm EN 16516. Es dürften mittlerweile zig-tausende Emissionsdatensätze vorliegen. Defizite gibt es bei der Kennzeichnung zur Unterscheidung emissionsarmer und emissionsreicher Produkte, die bestehende CE-Kennzeichnung ist unvollständig, ersatzweise gibt es nationale Regelungen. Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichen Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - Eurolab-Workshop Anforderungen an Bauprodukte - Umweltrelevante Aspekte sowie die gesamtheitliche Bewertung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Gesundheit KW - Emissionsmessungen KW - Bauprodukte KW - Luft KW - Bauproduktenverordnung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49596 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rahrig, M. A1 - Torge, Manfred T1 - 3D Inspection of the restoration and conservation of stained glass N2 - The initial focus of this research was on the development of a general workflow for the documentation and monitoring of historical stained glass windows using structured light scanning. Therefore windows from different churches, time periods and with different corrosion and damage phenomena were scanned before and after conservation measures. T2 - 27th CIPA International Symposium “Documenting the past for a better future” CY - Ávila, Spain DA - 01.09.2019 KW - Stained glass KW - Restoration and conservation KW - Structured light scanning KW - 3D inspection KW - Glass scanning PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49600 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Montag, D. A1 - Ehm, J. A1 - Barjenbruch, M. A1 - Pinnekamp, J. T1 - Auswirkungen der novellierten AbfKlärV auf die Kreislaufführung von Pflanzennährstoffen N2 - Die landwirtschaftliche Klärschlammverwertung ist in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland seit Jahren rückläufig. Neben den Risiken durch Schadstoffeinträge gibt es in Deutschland Regionen mit einem stark erhöhten Nährstoffüberschuss. Um die Grundwasserbelastung zu verhindern wurde u.a. das Düngerecht verschärft, was die Flächenkonkurrenz zwischen Klärschlamm und Wirtschaftsdünger vergrößern wird. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich die neuen Regelungen im Düngerecht und der Klärschlammverordnung massiv auf die landwirtschaftliche Verwertung von Klärschlamm und damit auf die Kreislaufwirtschaft verschiedener Nährstoffe auswirken werden. In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse des Projekts extraWERT vorgestellt. T2 - Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2019 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Landwirtschaft KW - Makronährstoffe PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49604 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - What is in your opinion the fertiliser of the future? N2 - Conventional fertilisers have their disadvantages as nutrient release is not synchronised with the demand of plants. Several approaches of "next generation fertilisers" are aiming at controlled nutrient release. Recycling fertilisers are often not soluble in water but fully plant available. They are suitable raw materials for the production of new types of controlled release fertilisers. T2 - CLOOP-Workshop "What is in your opinion the fertiliser of the future?" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.10.2019 KW - Controlled release fertilisers KW - Recycling fertilisers PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Weimann, Karin T1 - Verwertung carbonfaserhaltiger Reststoffe in der Pyrometallurgie N2 - Carbonfasern sind äußerst stabil und werden auch in Anlagen zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll kaum zerstört. Beim Handling carbonfaserhaltiger Abfälle können Gesundheitsrisken auftreten (Abgabe von WHO-Fasern). Es werden Methoden der Verwertung carbonfaserhaltiger Reststoffe in der Pyrometallurgie diskutiert. T2 - UBA Fachaustausch: Aufbereitung und Verwertung carbonfaserhaltiger Abfälle CY - Dessau, Germany DA - 19.09.2019 KW - Carbonfasern KW - Pyrometallurgie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49555 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Legislation and technology development for P-recovery in Germany N2 - New developments in legislation and technology development for P-recovery were presented with focus on the situation in Germany. T2 - SMART-Plant joint Stakeholder Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 29.01.2020 KW - P-recovery KW - Sewage sludge ordinance PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zur Authentifizierung von Manuskripten und Zeichnungen – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen N2 - Untersuchungen von Zeichnungen und Manuskripten mit zerstörungsfreien Methoden haben in den letzten Jahren enorm zugenommen. Die nicht-invasiven Analysen ermöglichen Informationen zur Herkunft, zum Herstellungsprozess und möglicherweise zum Alter (direkte Dating nicht möglich, Ausnahme: Papierstruktur, Wasserzeichen). Die zerstörungsfreien Analysen können Rückschlüsse auf mögliche Fälschungen geben, sind neben den offensichtlichen Vorteilen jedoch auch mit einzelnen Limitierungen behaftet. Der Vortrag soll anhand einiger Fallbeispiele die Möglichkeiten aber auch Grenzen bei der zerstörungsfreien (mobilen) Auffindung von Fälschungen aufzeigen. T2 - PTS Workshop"Materialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsmethodenzur Charakterisierung und Authentifizierung von Dokumenten und Kunstwerken auf Papier" CY - Heidenau, Germany DA - 07.11.2019 KW - ZfP KW - Authentifizierung KW - Papier PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa T1 - extraWERT – Wertstoffe in Abwasser und Klärschlamm N2 - Im Projekt extraWERT geht es um die Ermittlung von Nährstoffpotenzialen in Abwasser und Klärschlamm. Neben kommunalen Kläranlagen soll auch die Industrie als Quelle für nährstoffreiche Abfallströme betrachtet werden. Mit dem Vortrag sollten Mitglieder des MIV zu einer Projektbeteiligung bewegt werden. Es sollen rohes und gereinigtes Abwasser von direkt einleitenden Betrieben auf Makronährstoffe untersucht werden, neue Erkenntnisse werden insbesondere für die Nährstoffe Calcium und Magnesium erwartet. T2 - Sitzung AG Umwelt Milchindustrie-Verband CY - Kißlegg, Germany DA - 22.10.2019 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Industrielles Abwasser KW - Lebensmittelindustrie KW - Makronährstoffe PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49607 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa T1 - Vorstellung des REFOPLAN-Projekts extraWERT Erhebung zusätzlicher Wertstoffpotenziale in Klärschlamm N2 - Auf dem Regionalgruppentreffen wurden erste Projektergebnisse vorgestellt und die Probenahmestrategie diskutiert. Vorgestellt wurde eine Rückberechnung der mittleren Wertstoffgehalte aus dem Klärschlamm-Monitoring 2014 (Krüger und Adam) und erste Auswertungen der Klärschlammbericht-Rohdaten aus NRW und Hessen. T2 - DWA-Regionalgruppentreffen Brandenburg-Berlin CY - Fürstenwalde, Germany DA - 04.04.2019 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Landwirtschaft KW - Makronährstoffe KW - AbfKlärV PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49609 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoregulation of Metabolism in Plant- & Rock-associated Black Fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. T2 - European Fungal Secondary Metabolism Symposium CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 30.09.2019 KW - Fungi KW - Secondary metabolism KW - Light regulation KW - Pigments PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Esparza, M. A1 - Davis, H. A1 - Margy, A. T1 - Infection stage and pathogen life cycle determine collective termite behaviour N2 - Social insects nesting in soil environments are in constant contact with entomopathogens and have evolved disease resistance mechanisms within a colony to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. Among these mechanisms: mutual grooming reduces the cuticular load of pathogens, and burial of cadavers and cannibalism can prevent pathogens from replicating within the group. We explored how the rate and type of collective behavioural response is determined by stepwise infection dynamics operating at the level of the individual. Specifically, we infected the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes with different types of infectious particle and infection route of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and recorded behavioural responses of nestmates to individuals at different times during the progression of infections. As expected, termites groomed conidia-exposed individuals significantly more than controls. Interestingly, grooming was significantly elevated after fungal germination than before, suggesting that pathogen growth cues act as strong stimulators of allogrooming. Conidia-exposed termites were cannibalized, but only after they became visibly ill. By contrast, termites did not groom blastospore-injected individuals more than controls at any time-point following infection. Instead, we found that blastospore-injected individuals were continually cannibalized at a low-level following injection with either viable or heat-killed blastospores, with a marked increase in cannibalism after termites injected with viable blastospores became visibly ill and were close to death. Together, these findings point to the importance of host condition as a cue for social hygienic behavior, and that the host itself appears to emit essential sickness cues that act as targets for its own sacrifice. This demonstrates that termites have independently evolved to both identify and destructively respond to sickness. T2 - VI Central European Meeting of the IUSSI 2019 CY - Wien, Austria DA - 19.03.2019 KW - Termite KW - Evolution KW - Social immunity PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - The evolution of termite immunity N2 - The termites are a derived eusocial lineage of otherwise non-social cockroaches. Understanding the proximal and ultimate drivers of this major evolutionary transition represents an important goal in biology. One outstanding question concerns the evolution of termite immunity, which is thought to have undergone broad-sweeping adaptations in order to enhance group-level immune protection. To understand the evolutionary origins of termite immunity, we conducted qualitative and quantitative transcriptome analyses along a gradient of sociality. Firstly, we aimed to identify large-scale genetic shifts in immune traits linked to eusociality by comparing immune gene repertoires in solitary and subsocial cockroaches and across a range of eusocial termite lineages. Secondly, we compared the responses of a solitary cockroach, a subsocial wood-roach and different castes of a lower termite species to a non-specific immune challenge, in order to understand how sociality may have influenced the evolution of immune gene regulation. Firstly, we found that termites have a broadly representative repertoire of canonical immune genes as compared to gregarious cockroaches and subsocial wood-roaches. Secondly, with respect to immune challenge, the solitary cockroach and the subsocial wood-roach displayed a similarly comprehensive induced response, while the termite response was considerably dampened by comparison and strongly influenced by caste; with reproductives displaying a generally higher constitutive level of immune-gene expression compared to sterile castes. In summary we did not find termite eusociality to be associated with significant changes in immune gene diversity, but rather to be linked with significant modifications to the regulation of immunity following the origin of division of labour. T2 - Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Lecture Series, Universität Münster CY - Münster, Germany DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Immunity KW - Evolution KW - Ecology KW - Termite KW - Molecular PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - G-BOP kick-off meeting proposal ideas Ecology and evolution of termite immunity N2 - Results suggest a reduction in immune gene repertoires in termites and possible complementary expression between termite castes. With comparative genomics we will investigate the evolution of gene families related to immunity, try to understand where reductions and expansions take place and relate these changes to shifts in sociality and ecology. The role of TEs in expansions and contractions of immune gene families will be investigated. For these analyses, we propose to generate high quality, highly contiguous genomes of species from different levels of sociality, covering all major termite families. With comparative transcriptomics we will investigate the expression of immune genes in different castes. Via network analyses we will identify pathways indicated in differential immunity between castes and between species of different sociality levels. We will investigate how these pathways have been rewired along the transitions to higher levels of sociality and how, intra-specifically, they change between castes. T2 - Rundgespräch zur Vorbereitung eines SPP G-BOP - Genomic Basis Of Phenotypic Innovations in Insect Evolution CY - Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum, Bonn, Germany DA - 16.05.2019 KW - Bioinformatics KW - Evolution KW - Termites PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49645 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - The evolution of termite immunity N2 - A broad suite of immune adaptations have evolved in social insects which hold close parallels with the immune systems of multicellular individuals. However, comparatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of immunity in social insects. We tackle this by identifying immune genes from 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning a gradient of social lifestyles. Termites have undergone contractions of major immune gene families during the early origin of the group, particularly in antimicrobial effector and receptor proteins, followed by later re-expansions in some lineages. In a comparative gene expression analysis, we find that reproductive individuals of a termite invest more in innate immune regulation than other castes. When colonies encounter immune-challenged nestmates, gene expression responses are weak in reproductives but this pattern is reversed when colony members are immune-challenged individually, with reproductives eliciting a greater response to treatment than other castes. Finally, responses to immune challenge were more comprehensive in both subsocial and solitary cockroaches compared to termites, indicating a reduced overall ability to respond to infection in termites. Our study indicates that the emergence of termite sociality was associated with the evolution of a tapered yet caste-adapted immune system. T2 - 112th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society CY - Jena, Germany DA - 10.09.2019 KW - Social KW - E$volution KW - Termite KW - Immunity PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes N2 - A lecture was given about the technical possibilities of phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes. The specific situation of Europe and Germany was explained in the context of raw materials dependencies and the legal framework. T2 - Lecture at University of Sao Paulo, Brasil CY - Berlin, Germany and Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Recycling fertilisers KW - Sewage sludge ordinance PY - 2019 N1 - Vorlesung über Adobe Connect an der University of Sao Paulo, Brasilien AN - OPUS4-49590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnick, Jörg T1 - Perspektive der BAM auf neuartige Materialien N2 - Neuartige Materialien, die bekannte (Werk-)Stoffe mit neuen Funktionalitäten ausstatten, spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Materialforschung und -prüfung. Das Spektrum neuartiger Materialien reicht von der gezielten Oberflächenfunktionalisierung und -strukturierung makroskopischer Materialien, dünnen Beschichtungen bis hin zu mikro- und nanoskaligen Kompositmaterialien und funktionalen Materialien an der Schnittstelle zur Biologie, Biotechnologie, nachhaltige Energiespeicherung und Sensorik. Dabei bieten neuartige Materialien die Chance, Werkstoffe und Produkte mit erweiterter oder verbesserter Funktionalität zu erhalten und Sicherheit bereits im Designprozess zu berücksichtigen. Durch dieses breite Anwendungsspektrum und die Herausforderungen, die solche Materialien für die Sicherheit in Chemie und Technik mit sich bringen, sind diese in allen Themenfeldern der BAM repräsentiert (Material, Analytical Sciences, Energie, Infrastruktur und Umwelt). Die Aufgaben der BAM erstrecken sich dabei von der Herstellung von Referenzmaterialien für Industrie, Forschung und Regulation, über die Erstellung von standardisierten Referenzverfahren für nachhaltige Messungen im Umwelt- und Lebenswissenschaftsbereich bis hin zur Bereitstellung von belastbaren und zitierbaren Referenzdaten. Durch die genaue Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien können potentiell problematische Substanzen identifiziert und deren Risiken besser abgeschätzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige aktuelle Beispiele aus diesen Bereichen vorgestellt. T2 - NanoDialog der Bundesregierung - Chancen und Risiken von Neuartigen Materialien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2019 KW - Advanced Materials KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Neuartige Materialien PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49594 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoregulation in Plant- & Rock-associated Black Fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. T2 - Scientific Colloquium at the Department of Genetics, University of Seville CY - Seville, Spain DA - 24.10.2019 KW - Light sensing KW - Knufia petricola KW - Botrytis cinerea PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wintermann, C. A1 - Dietz, Georg A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Ketelsen, T. A1 - Melzer, C. T1 - Braune Tinten – Geschichte und Materialität N2 - Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Materialien findet für die Gestaltung von Zeichnungen Verwendung. So sind es insbesondere „braune Tinten“, welche die Zeichnungen dominieren. Der Vortrag möchte zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die Terminologie und die Kunsttechnologie farbiger Tinten geben, um den Kosmos dieser Vielfältigkeit und auch deren Vergänglichkeit zu illustrieren. Der zweite Teil des Vortrags ist dann den sogenannten Bistertinten und deren analytischen Nachweisen gewidmet. Es handelt sich um Zeichentinten, die aus den wasserlöslichen Bestandteilen von Kaminruß gewonnen werden. Die farbliche Bandbreite reicht von gelb-orange bis braun. Zuweilen wurden diese Tinten mit weiteren Pigmenten versetzt, um eine bestimmte Farbtiefe zu erzielen. T2 - 29. Treffen der Grafikrestauratoren CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 25.10.2019 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Zeichenmaterialien KW - Archäometrie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49731 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Nationale und internationale Normung - was ist wichtig, was ist neu N2 - Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen. T2 - Holzschutztagung Deutsche Bauchemie 2019 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Normung KW - Europa KW - Holzschutz PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Wagner, Ralph A1 - Schutter, Jan David A1 - Das, Chayanika A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - An, Biwen A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of cultivation conditions on the electrochemical activity of metal reducing bacteria (mrb) on stainless steel surfaces N2 - Investigation of the electrochemical activity of two cultures grown with and without abundance of Fe(III) and their different ability to reduce and therefore dissolve iron oxides in steel and model iron thin films. T2 - Eurocorr2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - X-ray spectroscopic techniques KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - MIC KW - XANES KW - Metal reducing bacteria KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Sander, C. T1 - Development of low melting glasses as durable transparent enamel colors for the manufacture of decorated glass panels N2 - Today glass is broadly used in modern architecture. For applications indoor it is possible to produce decor glass by using enamel colors and glass painting techniques without any problems. However, this is more limited for applications outdoor. Humidity and environmental pollution attack the surface of the coating and damage it strongly. There are only few colors on the market which are resistant towards acids and bases until now. Additionally, most of those colors are opaque. In order to extend the color palette, chemically resistant colored glasses are being developed which are transparent, relatively low melting and intensively toned even in thin coat thickness. To achieve such ambitious aim, many parameters have to match which act in complex manner. Metal oxides were used to color the glasses. A lead-free glass composition was developed to avoid an exposition of heavy metals to the environment. The glasses were characterized, in particular in terms of their thermal properties, their crystallization and corrosion behavior as well as their chemical and environmental durability. Different practical applications will be shown. T2 - 15th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids & 14th European Society of Glass Conference CY - Saint-Malon, France DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Glass KW - Chemical durability KW - Corrosion KW - Enamel colors KW - Low melting KW - Environmental friendly KW - Architecture KW - Thermal properties PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Chlvi-Iborra, Katherine A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Developments Towards a BODIPY-based fluorometric sensing device for multiple hazardous gases N2 - Fluorometric sensing is a versatile approach for trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them as superior active component for the preparation of optical sensing devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications. In the interdisciplinary project presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic, which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. Further steps in the project include the assembly of instruments for test-atmosphere generation, the referencing of the sensor system, development and implementation of an optical setup, and the testing of the prototype device under laboratory conditions and in the field. In this presentation, we give an overview over the recent developments on this topic in our groups. Highlights are hydrogen sulfide sensitive, BODIPY based transition metal complexes, which allow for a sensitive as well as selective detection of the toxic gas. In addition, we present a novel class of highly substituted BODIPY derivatives – pocket-BODIPYs – which are of a synthetically high versatility and can readily be modified to create pockets in the periphery of the molecule of defined geometries. This is illustrated on the successful encapsulation of benzene by a pocket-BODIPY derivative, confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as by further spectroscopic and analytical methods. T2 - International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanins (ICPP-10) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 01.07.2018 KW - BODIPY dye KW - Fluorometric sensing KW - Gas sensing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erdmann, Maren A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Initial attachment of bacteria on PE-HD by fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit N2 - The first documentation of fuel biodeterioration dates back to the late 19th century. However, extensive studies concerning the microbial fuel contamination started in 1980’s. Polymeric fuel storage tanks containing diesel and biodiesel provide environmental conditions for microbial growth. Several studies demonstrated that bacteria, which were found in contaminated fuel systems, can use fuels as macronutrient; but such bacteria can also cause microbiologically influenced corrosion and fouling. The aim of this study is to investigate the initial attachment behavior of bacteria, isolated from a diesel contamination, on neat and photooxidized high-density polyethylene (PE-HD). Two common PE-HD’s, less- and biodiesel-stabilized, were radiated to UV light representing a tank exposed to sunlight. The effect of photooxidiation on PE-HD’s surface were characterized chemically by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The attached bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis on the polymer surface were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit tests (CFU). T2 - MoDeSt2018 CY - Tokio, Japan DA - 02.09.2018 KW - PE-HD KW - Initial attachment KW - UV-irradiation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Verfahren zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Abwasser und Klärschlamm N2 - Im Vortrag werden die relevanten Verfahren zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Abwasser und Klärschlamm im Kontext Recht, Umweltwirkung, Ökonomie und Produktqualität vorgestellt. T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.11.2018 KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46535 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of conditioning layers on the attachment and biofilm formation of electroactive bacteria on stainless steel N2 - The characteristics of different molecules chosen as representatives for specific functionalities in conditioning layers play an important role on attachment behavior and later biofilm formation of bacteria. The chemical composition is a major component influencing the attachment but there is a conglomerate of influences. T2 - Eurocorr2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Conditioning layer KW - Stainless steel KW - Bacterial attachment PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steger, Simon A1 - Stege, Heike A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - In-situ spectroscopic analysis of modern reverse paintings on glass (1905-1955) N2 - The technique of painting on the reverse side of a glass panel was rediscovered by German artists at the beginning of the 20th century. In contrast to other paint techniques (e.g. panel and mural painting), the paint layers are applied in reverse succession starting with the foremost paint layer and ending with the primer (backmost layer). The paintings are viewed in reflected light, thus revealing an impressive gloss, luminosity and depth of colour. The artist group “Der Blaue Reiter” (the Blue Rider) around W. Kandinsky and F. Marc got in touch with this technique in the summers of 1908 and 1909 and spread their knowledge in different regions. Our pioneering project is tracing this transfer of knowledge by a multidisciplinary approach in terms of art history, painting technology and material science. More than 100 artists and >1000 reverse paintings on glass (1905-1955) were identified during the project. This numbers clearly point out that this technique was by far more important for modern art than previously assumed. In-situ, non-invasive measurements (XRF, Raman, VIS, DRIFTS) on a well-considered selection of 67 paintings reveal the broad palette of colorants ranging from traditional to experimental materials. Special attention is paid on artists who are strongly connected to Berlin. Demonstrative examples by W. Dexel, G. Muche and L. Hildebrandt are used to discuss analytical challenges and highlights. T2 - Young Researchers in Archaeometry (YRA) 2nd Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2018 KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - DRIFTS KW - Reverse glass painting PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46066 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Quicker, P. T1 - Thermische Behandlung von CFK-Abfällen N2 - Carbonfaser verstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) sind aus dem Leichtbau nicht mehr wegzudenken. Da die Produktion der Fasern viel Energie benötigt ist deren Recycling anzustreben. Durch Bearbeitung und Handling während des Recyclings verkürzen sich die Carbonfasern (CF) analog zur Papierfaser. Zu kurze Fasern können nicht mehr in eine Flächenstruktur eingebracht werden und müssen daher aus dem Kreislauf ausgeschleust und einer Verwertung zugeführt werden. Untersuchungen des Lehr- und Forschungsgebiets Technologie der Energierohstoffe (TEER) der RWTH Aachen University haben gezeigt, dass die Bedingungen für eine energetische Nutzung von CF-Abfällen in Abfallverbrennungsanlagen nicht geeignet sind. Zudem können CF Betriebsprobleme verursachen. Des Weiteren können bei einer unzureichenden thermischen Behandlung sogenannte WHO-Fasern entstehen, die als gesundheitsschädlich einzustufen sind. Eine Alternative können Hochtemperaturverfahren mit höheren Verweilzeiten sein. Es kommt die Herstellung von Calciumcarbid in Frage, bei der CF als Kohlenstoffträger und der Kunststoff als Energieträger genutzt werden. Eine weitere Verwertungsoption stellt die Stahlproduktionsroute dar. Erste Untersuchungen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und TEER am kleintechnischen Lichtbogen der BAM zeigen, dass CF-Abfälle potentiell als Reduktionsmittel und Energieträger eingesetzt werden können. T2 - 6. Forum Leichtbau Recycling und Ressourceneffizienz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.09.2018 KW - Carbonfaser KW - CFK PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46074 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Schlanger, J. A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of black Medieval Inks: Characterization and Interpretation. Case Study of an 11th century Egyptian Corpus N2 - This study focuses on the analysis of a corpus of manuscripts found in Fustat (medieval Cairo, Egypt) in the biggest medieval “archive” found until now: the Cairo Geniza. The giant collection of mostly Jewish documents has been attracting scholars’ attention a lot but so far, the material aspects of these documents seem to have been mainly neglected. Application of scientific methods of analysis, especially X-Ray fluorescence characterization, contributes to our understanding of the materials used for production of manuscripts during the Middle ages. Our corpus of the 11th century manuscripts comprises manuscripts written by scribes belonging to three Jewish communities that co-existed in Cairo during this period: the Karaites, the so-called Jerusalemites (or Palestinian) and the so-called Babylonians (or Iraqi), three different communities with different traditions and different leaders. The differences manifest themselves also in the paleographical properties of the manuscripts produced within each community. Can we extend the differences detected by the paleographical analysis to differences in composition of the writing materials and especially the composition of the inks? Or can we relate the differences in the composition to the manuscript type (legal, private...), or to another criterion. In this presentation, we offer answers to some of the questions using statistical analysis of the measurements results. T2 - Konferenz Natural Sciences and Technology in Manuscript Analysis CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 13.06.2018 KW - Ink KW - Manuscript KW - XRF analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Schlanger, J. A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Writing materials analysis of 11th century Cairo Genizah's fragments N2 - This study focuses on the analysis of a corpus of manuscripts found in Fustat (medieval Cairo, Egypt) in the biggest medieval “archive” found until now: the Cairo Geniza. The giant collection of mostly Jewish documents has been attracting scholars’ attention a lot but so far, the material aspects of these documents seem to have been mainly neglected. Application of scientific methods of analysis, especially X-Ray fluorescence characterization, contributes to our understanding of the materials used for production of manuscripts during the Middle ages. Our corpus of the 11th century manuscripts comprises manuscripts written by scribes belonging to three Jewish communities that co-existed in Cairo during this period: the Karaites, the so-called Jerusalemites (or Palestinian) and the so-called Babylonians (or Iraqi), three different communities with different traditions and different leaders. The differences manifest themselves also in the paleographical properties of the manuscripts produced within each community. Can we extend the differences detected by the paleographical analysis to differences in composition of the writing materials and especially the composition of the inks? Or can we relate the differences in the composition to the manuscript type (legal, private...), or to another criterion. In this presentation, we offer answers to some of the questions using statistical analysis of the measurements results. T2 - Konferenz 6th Meeting “X-ray and other techniques in investigations of the objects of cultural heritage” CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 17.05.2018 KW - Ink KW - Manuscript KW - XRF analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Nehring, G. A1 - Bonnerot, Olivier A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Buzi, P. A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Comprehensive analysis of manuscripts. Systematic study of Coptik inks N2 - While studying the socio-geographic history of inks, division 4.5 of the BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures in Hamburg has developed a protocol for ink analysis. It consists of a primary screening to determine the type of the ink, and a subsequent in-depth analysis using several spectroscopic techniques. The XRF elemental analysis aims primarily at understanding the fingerprints of inks containing metals, making it possible to distinguish among different inks. Our own research aims primarily at recreating a socio-geographic history of inks, parchment, and papyrus and includes the comparative analysis of the writing materials of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ink and papyrus in Ancient and Hellenistic Egypt, and inks in documents from various contemporary medieval communities in Fustat (first nucleus of Cairo). During many years of study, we concluded that the continuous production of Coptic manuscripts from late Antiquity to the Middle Ages offers a unique opportunity for historical study of the ink in a large geographic area. Thanks to the collaboration with the ERC project “PAThs” (www.paths.uniroma1.it), based at the University of Rome La Sapienza, and within the activities of a PhD research dedicated to this topic, we therefore created a new branch of our project focused entirely on the analysis of Coptic inks, pigments, and dyes. This pioneering systematic study of writing materials coming from a specific area and time frame (5th-10th century) aims not only at a better understanding of the complex Coptic multicultural and plurilingual society, but also and mainly at clarifying the links among the Coptic and other societies between the ancient and medieval eras. Finally, it will cast light on the history of the technological development of inks in the eastern world, from Antiquity to the middle ages. T2 - 7th Meeting 'X-ray and other techniques in investigations of the objects of cultural heritage' CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 17.05.2018 KW - Coptic KW - Ink KW - Manuscript PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46025 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - The “zero leakage” approach and German regulations for geosynthetics used in landfill liner and capping systems N2 - An approach to achieve “zero leakage” is discussed with respect to the experience in Germany, where strict regulations for landfill lining and capping systems have been developed and issued because of large environmental problems related to landfills that accumulated in the 1970’s and 1980’s. These regulations for landfills and geosynthetics which are used in landfill liner and capping systems are shortly described. The main certification requirements for the products as well as conclusions for their use are presented. Using a thick, high quality HDPE geomembrane (GMB), which is installed free of residual waves and wrinkles in intimate contact with a compacted clay liner (CCL) or geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) of very low permeability, by a qualified, experienced, well equipped and properly third‐party controlled installer and which are protected by heavy protection layers designed with respect to long‐term performance of the GMB, may result in a liner or capping system of practically no leakage. This is demonstrated by analyzing results of measurements obtained from permanently installed leak detection systems in combination with HDPE GMBs. T2 - 11th International Conference on Geosynthetics CY - Seoul, Korea DA - 16.09.2018 KW - HDPE geomembrane KW - Landfill liner KW - Leak detection KW - Regulations PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46031 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -