TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra
A1 - Rasmussen, K.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - Counting Small Particles in Electron Microscopy Images — Proposal for Rules and Their Application in Practice
N2 - Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for the characterisation of the morphology (size and shape) of nanoparticles. Visual observation of objects under examination is always a necessary first step in the characterisation process. Several questions arise when undertaking to identify and count particles to measure their size and shape distribution. In addition to challenges with the dispersion and identification of the particles, more than one protocol for counting particles is in use. This paper focuses on precise rules for the counting of particles in EM micrographs, as this influences the measurement accuracy of the number of particles, thus implicitly affecting the size values of the counted particles. We review and compare four different, commonly used methods for counting, which we then apply in case studies. The impact of the selected counting rule on the obtained final particle size distribution is highlighted. One main aim of this analysis is to support the application of a specific, well-defined counting approach in accordance with regulatory
requirements to contribute to achieving more reliable and reproducible results. It is also useful for the new harmonised measurement procedures for determining the particle size and particle size distribution of nanomaterials.
KW - Nano
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - OECD
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551891
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132238
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 12
IS - 13
SP - 2238
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55189
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - O'Hara, Kate
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Blaskovich, M.
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - A fluorescently labelled quaternary ammonium compound (NBD-DDA) to study resistance mechanisms in bacteria
N2 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as active agents in disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives. Despite being in use since the 1940s, there remain multiple open questions regarding their detailed mode-of-action and the mechanisms, including phenotypic heterogeneity, that can make bacteria less susceptible to QACs. To facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms towards QACs, we synthesized a fluorescent quaternary ammonium compound, namely N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-[2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]ethyl]azanium-iodide (NBD-DDA). NBD-DDA is readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy with standard GFP/FITC-settings, making it suitable for molecular and single-cell studies. As a proof-of-concept, NBD-DDA was then used to investigate resistance mechanisms which can be heterogeneous among individual bacterial cells. Our results reveal that the antimicrobial activity of NBD-DDA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is comparable to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used QAC, and benzyl-dimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride (BAC12), a mono-constituent BAC with alkyl-chain length of 12 and high structural similarity to NBD-DDA. Characteristic time-kill kinetics and increased tolerance of a BAC tolerant E. coli strain against NBD-DDA suggest that the mode of action of NBD-DDA is similar to that of BAC. As revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), NBD-DDA is preferentially localized to the cell envelope of E. coli, which is a primary target of BAC and other QACs. Leveraging these findings and NBD-DDA‘s fluorescent properties, we show that reduced cellular accumulation is responsible for the evolved BAC tolerance in the BAC tolerant E. coli strain and that NBD-DDA is subject to efflux mediated by TolC. Overall, NBD-DDA’s antimicrobial activity, its fluorescent properties, and its ease of detection render it a powerful tool to study resistance mechanisms of QACs in bacteria and highlight its potential to gain detailed insights into its mode-of-action.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563811
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023326
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56381
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Selina
A1 - Rodríguez-Rojas, A.
A1 - Rolff, J.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Biocides used as material preservatives modify rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
N2 - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Previous studies showed that de-novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation or transformation – important processes underlying resistance evolution and spread - are affected by antibiotics, metals and pesticides. However, natural microbial communities are also frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives, but it is unknown if these substances induce mutagenesis and HGT. Here, we show that active substances used in material preservatives can increase rates of mutation and conjugation in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not increased. The bisbiguanide chlorhexidine digluconate, the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, the metal copper, the pyrethroid-insecticide permethrin, and the azole-fungicide propiconazole increase mutation rates in Escherichia coli, whereas no increases were identified for Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baylyi.
Benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and permethrin increased conjugation in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Taken together, our data show the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread.
KW - Mutation rate
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Biocides
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129280
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 437
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-55261
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gugin, Nikita
A1 - Villajos Collado, José Antonio
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Mix and wait – a relaxed way for synthesizing ZIF-8
N2 - Herein we report the synthesis of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) by an easy “mix and wait” procedure. In a closed vial, without any interference, the mixture of 2-methylimidazole and basic zinc carbonate assembles into the crystalline product with approx. 90% conversion after 70 h. The reaction exhibits sigmoidal kinetics due to the self-generated water which accelerates the reaction.
KW - In-situ analysis
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - MOF
KW - Synthesis
KW - ZIF-8
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546841
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA00740A
VL - 12
SP - 8940
EP - 8944
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-54684
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Hodjat Shamami, Parya
A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Zimathies, Annett
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - High-purity corundum as support for affinity extractions from complex samples
N2 - Nonporous corundum powder, known as an abrasive material in the industry, was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices. The materials based on corundum were characterized by TEM, ESEM, BET, DLS, EDS, and zeta potential measurements. The strong Al-O-P bonds between the corundum surface and amino phosphonic acids were used to introduce functional groups for further conjugations. The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). This work shows that oxidized polyglycerol can be used as an alternative to glutaraldehyde. With polyglycerol, more of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be attached to the surface under the same conditions, and lower non-specific binding (NSB) was observed. As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The purity of the product was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A binding capacity of 1.8 mg IgG per gram of corundum powder was achieved. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.
KW - Corundum
KW - Sapphire
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Antibodies
KW - Self-assembled monolayers (SAM)
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Dendrimer
KW - Nonspecific binding (NSB)
KW - Purification
KW - Solid-phase extraction (SPE)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559342
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9090252
VL - 9
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55934
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Kochovski, Z.
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
T1 - Ni- and Co-Struvites: Revealing Crystallization Mechanisms and Crystal Engineering toward Applicational Use of Transition Metal Phosphates
N2 - Industrial and agricultural waste streams (waste water, sludges, tailings, etc.) which contain high concentrations of NH4+, PO43–, and transition metals are environmentally harmful and toxic pollutants. At the same time, phosphorous and transition metals constitute highly valuable resources. Typically, separate pathways have been considered to extract hazardous transition metals or phosphate independently from each other. Investigations on the simultaneous removal of multiple components have been carried out only to a limited extent. Here, we report the synthesis routes for Ni- and Co-struvites (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Ni2+ and Co2+), which allow for P, ammonia, and metal co-precipitation. By evaluating different reaction parameters, the phase and stability of transition metal struvites as well as their crystal morphologies and sizes could be optimized. Ni-struvite is stable in a wide reactant concentration range and at different metal/phosphorus (M/P) ratios, whereas Co-struvite only forms at low M/P ratios. Detailed investigations of the precipitation process using ex situ and in situ techniques provided insights into the crystallization mechanisms/crystal engineering of these materials. M-struvites crystallize via intermediate colloidal amorphous nanophases, which subsequently aggregate and condense to final crystals after extended reaction times. However, the exact reaction kinetics of the formation of a final crystalline product varies significantly depending on the involved metal cation in the precipitation process: several seconds (Mg) to minutes (Ni) to hours (Co). The achieved level of control over the morphology and size makes precipitation of transition metal struvites a promising method for direct metal recovery and binding them in the form of valuable phosphate raw materials. Under this paradigm, the crystals can be potentially up-cycled as precursor powders for electrochemical or (electro)catalytic applications, which require transition metal phosphates.
KW - Crystallization
KW - Struvite
KW - Nickel
KW - Cobalt
KW - Phosphorous recovery
KW - Up-cycling
KW - Aqueous synthesis
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00284
VL - 22
IS - 7
SP - 4305
EP - 4315
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington D.C.
AN - OPUS4-55286
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jiang, Shixiong
A1 - Marco, H. G.
A1 - Scheich, Nina
A1 - He, S.
A1 - Wang, Z.
A1 - Gäde, G.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Comparative analysis of adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea reveals novel patterns of gene evolution
N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilising carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the haemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial wood roaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs.
Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite, subsocial (Cryptocercus spp.) and solitary cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. Our study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches.
KW - Adipokinetic hormone
KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor
KW - ‘Green’ pesticide
KW - Neuropeptide
KW - Termite
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579141
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12861
SN - 0962-1075
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Wiley online library
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-57914
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Capitain, C.
A1 - Simon, Fabian Michael
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Non-extractable PFAS in functional textiles − Characterization by complementary methods: oxidation, hydrolysis, and fluorine sum parameters
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used for durable water-repellent finishing of different fabrics and textiles like outdoor clothing, carpets, medical textiles and more. Existing PFAS extraction techniques followed by target analysis are often insufficient in detecting widely used side-chain fluorinated polymers (SFPs) that are barely or non-extractable. SFPs are typically copolymers consisting of a non-fluorinated backbone with perfluoroalkyl side-chains to obtain desired properties. We compared the accessible analytical information and performance of complementary techniques based on oxidation (dTOP assay, PhotoTOP), hydrolysis (THP assay), standard extraction, extractable organic fluorine (EOF), and total fluorine (TF) with five functional textiles and characterized 7 further textiles only by PhotoTOP oxidation. The results show that when applied directly to textile samples, oxidation by dTOP and PhotoTOP and also hydrolysis by the THP are able to capture large fractions of the TF in form of perfluoroalkyl side-chains present in the textiles while methods relying on extracts (EOF, target and non-target analysis) were much lower (e.g., factor ~25-50 lower). The conversion of large fractions of the measured TF into PFCAs or FTOHs from fluorinated side chains is in contrast to previous studies. Concentrations ranged from C8 (e.g. 580 µg/kg dw PFOS for Soil1), whereas the consumer product samples showed a more uniform distribution with regard to chain lengths from C4 to C8. Independent from quantified PFAS amounts via target analysis, µ-XRF mapping combined with µ-XANES spectroscopy was successfully applied to detect both point-specific concentration maxima and evenly distributed surface coatings of fluorinated organic contaminants in the corresponding samples.
KW - PFAS
KW - XRF
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - XANES
KW - Fluoride
KW - Soil
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576109
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00107E
SN - 2050-7887
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-57610
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
T1 - Case Study on Secondary Building Materials for a Greener Economy
N2 - Half of global material consumption involves mineral material. The circularity is still low so that the enhanced use of secondary building material is required to close loops. Three different secondary building materials are discussed based on exemplary research results: construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), soil-like material, and incineration bottom ash (IBA). Focus was placed on the environmental compatibility of the materials examined mainly by standardized leaching tests. C&D waste was investigated after a wet treatment using a jigging machine, and soil-like material and IBA were characterized with respect to their material composition. Their environmental compatibilities in particular were studied using standard leaching tests (batch tests and column tests).
It was concluded that soil-like material can mostly be utilized even when the precautionary limit values set are exceeded by a factor of less than two. For C&D waste, the fine fraction below 2 mm and the content of brick material is problematic. IBA fulfills quality level “HMVA-2” following German regulations. Improved levels of utilization might be achievable with better treatment technologies.
KW - Incineration bottom ash
KW - Soil-like material
KW - Leaching
KW - Circular economy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576343
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106010
SN - 2076-3417
VL - 13
IS - 10
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-57634
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pienkoß, Fabian
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Nassmechanische Aufbereitung von Bauschutt‐Brechsand mit der Setztechnik – ein Schritt auf dem Weg zum Ersatzbaustoff
T1 - Wet-Mechanical Processing of Crushed-Sand from Construction-Waste - A First Step Towards a Circular Building Material
N2 - Das Recycling von gemischten Baustoffen führt neben der Herstellung von Gesteinskörnungen parallel zu einem stärker schadstoffbelasteten Stoffstrom, der circa ein Drittel der ursprünglichen Masse ausmacht. Dieser sogenannte Brechsand endet derzeit in der Deponierung und wird somit der Kreislaufwirtschaft entzogen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht nun die Aufbereitung dieses Materials unter Verwendung einer Setzmaschine im Pilotmaßstab. Hierbei wird die Eignung dieser Technik evaluiert und das Aufbereitungsprodukt als möglicher Ersatzbaustoff untersucht.
N2 - Besides the generation of aggregates, recycling of mixed construction and demolition waste leads to a more polluted side stream accounting for up to one third of the input materials. This so-called crushed sand often ends up in landfills and is hence lost for a circular economy. This article reports about the processing of this material using a pilot plant jig. The suitability of jigging technology is evaluated, and the product is analyzed as possible circular building material.
KW - Aufbereitung
KW - Ersatzbaustoff
KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft
KW - Setzmaschine
KW - Umweltverträglichkeit
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585978
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202300019
SN - 0009-286X
VL - 95
IS - 12
SP - 1916
EP - 1924
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-58597
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz
A1 - Girard, Solène
A1 - Rabin, Ira
T1 - Conservation and Technical Evaluation of an Early Medieval Papyrus Codex
N2 - In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.
KW - Papyrus
KW - Codex
KW - Conservation
KW - Iron gall ink
KW - Coptic
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570998
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2023.2183554
SN - 0039-3630
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Taylor & Francis
AN - OPUS4-57099
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Even, Morgane
A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria
A1 - Richter, Matthias
T1 - On the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for sampling VVOCs: validation of an analytical method
N2 - A standardised method for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in indoor air is still missing. This study evaluates the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for 60 compounds (47 VVOCs + 13 VOCs) by comparing their recoveries with different spiking modes. The influence of the spiking of the tubes in dry nitrogen, humidified air or along the whole flushing duration mimicking real sampling was investigated. 49 substances (36 VVOCs from C1 to C6) had recoveries over 70% on the adsorbent in humidified air and were validated. The linearity of the calibration curves was verified for every spiking mode and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined. The LOQs were lower than the existing indoor air guideline values. The robustness of the method was considered by studying the influence of the sampling volume, the sampling flow rate, the humidity level and the storage of the tubes. In general, the most volatile or polar substances were the less robust ones. The combined measurement uncertainty was calculated and lies below 35% for a vast majority of the substances. An example of an emission chamber test using polyurethane foam is shown: Carbograph 5TD performs much better than Tenax® TA for VVOCs and emissions from n-butane were quantified with combined measurement uncertainty.
KW - VVOC
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - Air sampling
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581113
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00677H
VL - 15
IS - 31
SP - 3810
EP - 3821
AN - OPUS4-58111
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Krom, I.
A1 - Heikens, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Wilke, Olaf
A1 - Richter, Matthias
A1 - Baldan, A.
T1 - Metrological generation of SI-traceable gas-phase standards and reference materials for (semi-) volatile organic compounds
N2 - EN 16516 sets specifications for the determination of emissions into indoor air from construction products. Reliable, accurate and International System of Unit (SI)-traceable measurement results of the emissions are the key to consumer protection. Such measurement results can be obtained by using metrologically traceable reference materials. Gas-phase standards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air can be prepared by a variety of dynamic methods according to the ISO 6145 series. However, these methods are not always applicable for semi-VOCs (SVOCs) due to their high boiling point and low vapour pressure. Therefore, a novel dynamic gas mixture generation system has been developed. With this system gas-phase standards with trace level VOCs and SVOCs in air can be prepared between 10 nmol mol−1 and 1000 nmol mol−1. The VOCs and SVOCs in this study have normal boiling points ranging from 146 °C to 343 °C. Metrologically traceable reference materials of the gas-phase standard were obtained by sampling of the VOC gas-phase standard into Tenax TA® sorbent material in SilcoNert® coated stainless steel tubes. Accurately known masses between 10 ng and 1000 ng per VOC were sampled. These reference materials were used to validate the dynamic system. Furthermore, the storage and stability periods of the VOCs in the reference materials were determined as these are crucial characteristics to obtain accurate and SI-traceable reference materials. In a round robin test (RRT), the reference materials were used with the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of providing SI-traceable standard reference values for SVOCs for interlaboratory comparison purposes. Based on the results from the validation, the storage and stability studies and the RRT, gas-phase standards and reference materials of VOCs and SVOCs with relative expanded uncertainties between 5% and 12% (k = 2) have been developed. These reference standards can be used as calibrants, reference materials or quality control materials for the analysis of VOC emissions.
KW - SVOC
KW - Dynamic calibration gas mixtures
KW - Reference materials
KW - Indoor air
KW - Thermal desorption
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565978
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aca704
VL - 34
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - IOP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-56597
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tang, Chi-Long
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Röllig, Mathias
T1 - Improving the comparability of FFF-3D printing emission data by adjustment of the set extruder temperature
N2 - Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a material extrusion-based technique often used in desktop 3D printers. Polymeric filaments are melted and are extruded through a heated nozzle to form a 3D object in layers. The extruder temperature is therefore a key parameter for a successful print job but also one of the main emission driving factors as harmful pollutants (e.g., ultrafine particles) are formed by thermal polymer degradation. The awareness of potential health risks has increased the number of emission studies in the past years. However, studies usually refer their calculated emission data to the printer set extruder temperature for comparison purposes. In this study, we used a thermocouple and an infrared camera to measure the actual extruder temperature and found significant temperature deviations to the displayed set temperature among printer models. Our result shows that printing the same filament feedstocks with three different printer models and with identical printer set temperature resulted in a variation in particle emission of around two orders of magnitude. A temperature adjustment has reduced the variation to approx. one order of magnitude. Thus, it is necessary to refer the measured emission data to the actual extruder temperature as it poses a more accurate comparison parameter for evaluation of the indoor air quality in user scenarios or for health risk assessments.
KW - Ultrafine particles
KW - Infrared thermography
KW - Thermocouple
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - FFF-3D printer
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572842
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100217
VL - 18
SP - 100217
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-57284
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Kluge, Stephanie
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Borca, C.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various wastewater-derived fertilizers - Analytical investigations from different perspectives
N2 - Solid wastewater-based fertilizers were screened for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) sum parameter method. The EOF values for ten sewage sludges from Germany and Switzerland range from 154 to 7209 mg kg−1. For thermal treated sewage sludge and struvite the EOF were lower with values up to 121 mg kg−1. Moreover, the application of PFAS targeted
and suspect screening analysis of selected sewage sludge samples showed that only a small part of the EOF sum parameter values can be explained by the usually screened legacy PFAS. The hitherto unknown part of EOF sum parameter contains also fluorinated pesticides, pharmaceutical and aromatic compounds. Because these partly fluorinated compounds can degrade to (ultra-)short PFAS in wastewater treatment plants they should be considered as significant sources of organic fluorine in the environment. The combined results of sum parameter analysis and suspect screening reveal the need to update current regulations, such as the German fertilizer ordinance, to focus not solely on a few selected PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) but
consider an additional sum parameter approach as a more holistic alternative. Moreover, diffusion gradient in thin-films (DGT) passive samplers were utilized as an alternative simplified extraction method for PFAS in solid wastewater-based fertilizers and subsequently quantified via combustion ion chromatography. However, the DGT method was less sensitive and only comparable to the EOF values
of the fertilizers in samples with >150 mg kg−1, because of different diffusion properties for various PFAS, but also kinetic exchange limitations.
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Fertilizer
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583429
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00178d
SN - 2754-7000
VL - 2
IS - 10
SP - 1436
EP - 1445
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-58342
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dopffel, N.
A1 - An Stepec, Biwen Annie
A1 - de Rezende, J.
A1 - Machado de Sousa, D.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
T1 - Microbiology of Underground Hydrogen Storage
N2 - Climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges facing our society, particularly due to the continued use of fossil fuels. The steadily increasing demand for energy and the continuously growing world population will further intensify these challenges. The development of renewable energies is therefore of central importance. The 2020 EU Energy Roadmap aims to increase the share of renewable energies (gross energy consumption) to 55% by 2050.
Hydrogen (H2) has the highest potential to become the primary renewable energy source. It is envisioned that by 2050 up to 24% of the total energy demand of Europe is to be ensured by H2. However, a decisive disadvantage of the climate friendly alternatives is the massive containment demand, which needs to be highly secure, cost efficient and easily extractable.
Underground geological formations (UGF) represent a seemingly optimal alternative to meet the rapidly increasing storage demand. In this context, many studies are currently underway to determine the feasibility and risks of UGF. However, little or no consideration is being given to microbiology. Therefore, in this Research Topic we will focus on achieving a greater understanding of the impact microorganisms exert on UGF, with a particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies.
As many subsurface microbial communities can use H2 as an electron donor, production of seemingly undesirable metabolic byproducts, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, and acids, are also to be expected. However, the rate of the H2 conversion by the microorganisms, how their metabolic activities impact the UGF on a short-term and long-term scale, the extent of damages microorganisms exert on the infrastructure, or potential use of microorganisms to enhance UGF are just a few questions that require urgent research to assess the role of microorganisms in this new anthropogenic use of the subsurface environment. These and many questions can be addressed in this article collection. In particular, understanding microbial community changes and activity rates will help assess operational and environmental risks, develop mitigation strategies and provide new insights on life under extreme conditions (i.e., pressure, salinity).
In this Research Topic, the editorial team particularly welcomes Original Research, Hypothesis and Theory, Method, and Review manuscripts that deal with the latest advances in microbiology in formations that are planned or currently prepared for hydrogen storage, from both fundamental and practical points of view. The ultimate objective is to promote a deeper understanding into the sustainability of UGF and generate interdisciplinary research involving microbiologists, reservoir engineers, geologists, chemists, physicists.
The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
• Microbial diversity in different underground hydrogen storage sites or formations currently being considered for hydrogen storage
• Mechanism and impact of microbial growth under high H2 pressure
• Potential role of microorganisms in the short-term and long-term storage of hydrogen
• Potential influences of microorganisms on the hydrogen storage infrastructure systems, e.g., microbiologically influenced corrosion, biofilm growth
• Hydrogen-solid-microorganism interactions, including the influence of microbial growth on UGF geological parameters
• Mechanism and modelling of microbial impact on hydrogen storage
UGF relevant for this Research Topic include porous media, salt caverns, deep aquifers, hard rock caverns and depleted oil/gas reservoirs.
KW - Biodeterioration and biodegradation
KW - Geology
KW - Anaerobic pathways
KW - Microbial simulation,
KW - Hydrogen storage
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579042
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1242619
SN - 2296-598X
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - Frontiers
CY - Frontiers in Energy Research
AN - OPUS4-57904
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Knisz, J.
A1 - Eckert, R.
A1 - Gieg, L.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
A1 - Lee, J.
A1 - Silva, E.
A1 - Skovhus, T. L.
A1 - An Stepec, Biwen Annie
A1 - Wade, S. A.
T1 - Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion - More than just Microorganisms
N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon of increasing concern which affects various materials and sectors of society. MIC describes the effects, often negative, that a material can experience due to the presence of microorganisms. Unfortunately, although several research groups and industrial actors worldwide have already addressed MIC, discussions are fragmented, while information sharing and willingness to reach out to other disciplines is limited. A truly interdisciplinary approach, that would be logical for this material/biology/chemistry-related challenge, is rarely taken. In this review we highlight critical non-biological aspects of MIC that can sometimes be overlooked by microbiologists working on MIC but are highly relevant for an overall understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we identify gaps, methods and approaches to help solve MIC related challenges, with an emphasis on the MIC of metals. We also discuss the application of existing tools and approaches for managing MIC and propose ideas to promote an improved understanding of MIC. Furthermore, we highlight areas where the insights and expertise of microbiologists are needed to help progress this field.
KW - MIC
KW - Biodeterioration
KW - Biocorrosion
KW - Interdisciplinarity
KW - Multiple lines of evidence
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuad041
SN - 0168-6445
VL - 47
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 70
PB - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
AN - OPUS4-58066
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Roland
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Jung, Christian
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes
N2 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to investigate the thermal degradation of two different polyurethanes (PU). PU samples were heated at different heating rates and the desorbed products were collected in a cold injection system and thereafter submitted to GC-MS. Prospects and limitations of the detection and quantification of semi-volatile degradation products were investigated. A temperature dependent PU depolymerization was
found at temperatures above 200 °C proved by an increasing release of 1,4-butanediol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) representing the main building blocks of both polymers. Their release was monitored quantitatively based on external calibration with authentic compounds. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of the residues obtained after thermodesorption confirmed the initial competitive degradation mechanism indicating an equilibrium of crosslinking and depolymerization as previously suggested. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of SEC fractions of thermally degraded PUs provided additional hints on degradation mechanism.
KW - Thermo-desorption
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Polyurethanes
KW - Thermal degradation
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00173C
SN - 1759-9660
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Royal Society for Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-57307
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stohl, Leonie
A1 - Manninger, Tanja
A1 - von Werder, Julia
A1 - Dehn, F.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Meng, Birgit
T1 - Bioreceptivity of concrete - A review
N2 - Materials that support natural biodiversity on their surfaces can compensate for human activities that have a negative impact on nature and thus contribute to a carbon-neutral and nature-positive world. Specifically designing bioreceptive materials which favor the growth of biofilms on their surface is an approach complementing conventional, macroscopic green façades. But what exactly characterizes a bioreceptive substrate and how do biofilm and substrate interact? How and why does a spontaneous colonization and the formation of biofilms take place? What are biofilms and how can they be established in a laboratory setting? How can this existing knowledge be transferred to the artificial stone concrete so that this material can be tuned to increase (or decrease) its bioreceptivity?
This review paper aims at summarizing the existing state of knowledge on bioreceptive concrete and pointing out inconsistencies and contradictions which can only be removed by more interdisciplinary research in the field.
KW - Bioreceptivity
KW - Biofilm
KW - Green facades
KW - Developing building materials
KW - Surface interactions
KW - Concrete
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581685
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107201
SN - 2352-7102
VL - 76
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-58168
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dittrich, Maria
A1 - Paulo, Carlos
A1 - Knabe, Nicole
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
A1 - Zaitsev, Vladimir
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - Microscopic Raman study of fungal pigment using the genetically amenable rock inhabitant Knufia petricola as a model organism
N2 - Fungal pigments such as melanin and carotenoids are distinctive markers of animal and plant pathogenic fungi as well as their environmental relatives. These complex pigments play important roles in pathogenicity and stress tolerance while also being useful as biomarkers. Accordingly, it is important to be able to identify in situ the pigments in black fungi, a group of clinical and environmental importance. In this study, wild-type and genetically modified strains of Knufia petricola A95 and wild fungal cells attached to ancient rock were investigated for their spectroscopic and microscopic Raman features and morphological appearance. Knockout mutants of melanin synthesis genes pks1 (polyketide synthase), sdh1 (scytalone dehydratase), and both pks1 and the carotenoid synthesis gene phd1 (phytoene desaturase) were studied We applied two different Raman microscopes using two lasers, with 633 nm and 488 nm wavelengths. We analyzed and compared Raman spectra between the measured reference substances and the mutant and wild-type strains. In the wild strain WT:A95, the peaks close to melanin peals were found at 1353 cm−1 and 1611 cm−1. There are no characteristic melanin peaks at 1580–1600 cm−1 and around 1350 cm−1 at the spectrum of the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant and the Δsdh1 mutant. The Δpks1 mutant spectrum has the peaks at the beta-carotene v2 C-C in-plane stretch at 1155 cm−1 and v3 C-CH3 deformation at 1005 cm−1. The peaks of carotenoids and melanin were found in all mutants and the wild strain, except the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant. Raman spectra allow for discrimination between the various pigments. Hence, interactions between natural fungal melanin, as well as other protective pigments, and complex environmental matrices can be characterized on a range of spatial and temporal scales.
KW - Raman Spectroscopy
KW - Instrumentation
KW - Analytical Chemistry
KW - Knufia petricola
KW - Confocal microscopy
KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123250
SN - 1386-1425
VL - 303
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier BV
AN - OPUS4-58792
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tavasolyzadeh, Zeynab
A1 - Tang, Peng
A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin
A1 - Hweidi, Gada
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Haag, Rainer
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia
T1 - 2D and 3D Micropatterning of Mussel‐Inspired Functional Materials by Direct Laser Writing
N2 - AbstractThis work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate‐independent high‐precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel‐inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub‐micron to micron resolution and extensive post‐functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel‐inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI‐lPG and MI‐dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single‐stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
KW - Direct laser writing
KW - Mussel-inspired materials
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Polydopamine
KW - Micropatterning
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588778
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202309394
SN - 1613-6829
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-58877
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Machado Ferreira de Araujo, F.
A1 - Duarte-Ruiz, D.
A1 - Saßnick, H.-D.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie C.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Cocchi, C.
T1 - Electronic Structure and Core Spectroscopy of Scandium Fluoride Polymorphs
N2 - Microscopic knowledge of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of scandium fluoride is still incomplete despite the relevance of this material as an intermediate for the manufacturing of Al−Sc alloys. In a work based on first-principles calculations and X-ray spectroscopy, we assess the stability and electronic structure of six computationally predicted ScF3 polymorphs, two of which correspond to experimentally resolved single-crystal phases. In the theoretical analysis based on density functional theory (DFT), we identify similarities among the polymorphs based on their formation energies, chargedensity distribution, and electronic properties (band gaps and density of states). We find striking analogies between the results obtained for the ow- and high-temperature phases of the material, indirectly confirming that the transition occurring between them mainly consists of a rigid rotation of the lattice. With this knowledge, we examine the X-ray absorption spectra from the Sc and F K-edge contrasting firstprinciples results obtained from the solution of the Bethe−Salpeter equation on top of all-electron DFT with high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection measurements. Analysis of the computational results sheds light on the electronic origin of the absorption maxima and provides information on the prominent excitonic effects that characterize all spectra. A comparison with measurements confirms that the sample is mainly composed of the high- and low-temperature polymorphs of ScF3. However, some fine details in the experimental results suggest that the probed powder sample may contain defects and/or residual traces of metastable polymorphs.
KW - Scandium
KW - X-ray spectroscopy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570727
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04357
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 62
IS - 10
SP - 4238
EP - 4247
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington DC
AN - OPUS4-57072
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Aumont, Cédric
A1 - Beránková, T.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Radek, R.
A1 - Akama, P. D.
A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D.
A1 - Sobotnik, J.
ED - Scholtz, G.
T1 - The ultrastructure of the rostral gland in soldiers of Verrucositermes tuberosus (Blattodea: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)
N2 - The soil-feeding habit is an evolutionary novelty found in some advanced groups of termites. The study of such groups is important to revealing interesting adaptations to this way-of-life. The genus Verrucositermes is one such example, characterized by peculiar outgrowths on the head capsule, antennae and maxillary palps, which are not found in any other termite. These structures have been hypothesized to be linked to the presence of a new exocrine organ, the rostral gland, whose structure has remained unexplored.
We have thus studied the ultrastructure of the epidermal layer of the head capsule of Verrucositermes tuberosus soldiers.We describe the ultrastructure of the rostral gland, which consists of class 3 secretory cells only. The dominant secretory organelles comprise rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which provide secretions delivered to the surface of the head, likely made of peptide-derived components of unclear function. We discuss a possible role of the rostral gland of soldiers as an adaptation to the frequent encounter with soil pathogens during search for new food resources.
KW - Soil-feeding habit
KW - Advanced groups of termites
KW - New exocrine organ
KW - Rostral gland
KW - Epidemal layer
KW - Peptide-derived components
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2023.101238
SN - 1467-8039
VL - 73
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-57046
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Srivastava, Priyanka
A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella
A1 - Scholtz, Lena
A1 - Genger, C.
A1 - Welker, P.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies
N2 - Ratiometric green–red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fuorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO2-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs. Fluorescence microscopy studies with the molecular and nanoscale optical probes and A549 lung cancer cells confirmed the cellular uptake of all probes and their penetration into acidic cell compartments, i.e., the lysosomes, indicated by the switching ON of the green naphthalimide fluorescence. This underlines their suitability for intracellular pH sensing, with the SiO2-based nanosensor revealing the best performance regarding uptake speed and stability.
KW - Sensors
KW - Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles
KW - pH probe
KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Cell studies
KW - Dye
KW - Particle synthesis
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569198
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28203-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1321
EP - 1336
PB - Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-56919
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Valentin, Jules D. P.
A1 - Altenried, Stefanie
A1 - Varadarajan, Adithi R.
A1 - Ahrens, Christian H.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Webb, Jeremy S.
A1 - van der Mei, Henny C.
A1 - Ren, Qun
T1 - Identification of Potential Antimicrobial Targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms through a Novel Screening Approach
N2 - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of considerable medical importance, owing to its pronounced antibiotic tolerance and association with cystic fibrosis and other life-threatening diseases. The aim of this study was to highlight the genes responsible for P. aeruginosa biofilm tolerance to antibiotics and thereby identify potential new targets for the development of drugs against biofilm-related infections. By developing a novel screening approach and utilizing a public P. aeruginosa transposon insertion library, several biofilm-relevant genes were identified. The Pf phage gene (PA0720) and flagellin gene (fliC) conferred biofilm-specific tolerance to gentamicin. Compared with the reference biofilms, the biofilms formed by PA0720 and fliC mutants were completely eliminated with a 4-fold-lower gentamicin concentration. Furthermore, the mreC, pprB, coxC, and PA3785 genes were demonstrated to play major roles in enhancing biofilm tolerance to gentamicin. The analysis of biofilm-relevant genes performed in this study provides important novel insights into the understanding of P. aeruginosa antibiotic tolerance, which will facilitate the detection of antibiotic resistance and the development of antibiofilm strategies against P. aeruginosa.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Biofilms
KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570205
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03099-22
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - ASM Journals
AN - OPUS4-57020
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chacón, Luz
A1 - Kuropka, B.
A1 - González-Tortuero, E.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Rojas-Jiménez, K.
A1 - Rodríguez-Rojas, A.
T1 - Mechanisms of low susceptibility to the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride in a multidrug-resistant environmental isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila
N2 - Excessive discharge of quaternary ammoniumdisinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC) into aquatic systems can trigger several physiological responses in environmental microorganisms. In this study, we isolated a less-susceptible strain of Aeromonas hydrophila to BAC, designated as INISA09, froma wastewater treatment plant in Costa Rica. We characterized its phenotypic response upon exposure to three dierent concentrations of BAC and characterizedmechanisms related to its resistance using genomic and proteomic approaches. The genome of the strain, mapped against 52 dierent sequenced A. hydrophila strains, consists of approximately 4.6Mb with 4,273 genes. We found a massive genome rearrangement and thousands of missense mutations compared to the reference strain A. hydrophila ATCC 7966.
We identified 15,762 missense mutations mainly associated with transport, antimicrobial resistance, and outer membrane proteins.
In addition, a quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a significant upregulation of several efflux pumps and the downregulation of porins when the strain was exposed to three BAC concentrations.Other genes related tomembrane fatty acid metabolism and redox metabolic reactions also showed an altered expression.
Our findings indicate that the response of A. hydrophila INISA09 to BAC primarily occurs at the envelop level, which is the primary target of BAC. Our study elucidates the mechanisms of antimicrobial susceptibility in aquatic environments against a widely used disinfectant and will help better understand howbacteria can adapt to biocide pollution. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the resistance to BAC in an environmental A. hydrophila isolate. We propose that this bacterial species could also serve as a new model to study antimicrobial pollution in aquatic environments.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578555
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180128
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Frontiers SA
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-57855
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Fink, Friedrich
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - ten Elshof, J. E.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
T1 - Thermally processed Ni-and Co-struvites as functional materials for proton conductivity
N2 - We present how mesoporosity can be engineered in transition metal phosphate (TMPs) materials in a template-free manner. The method involves the transformation of a precursor metal phosphate phase, called M-struvite (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, NixCo1−x2+). It relies on the thermal decomposition of crystalline M-struvite precursors to an amorphous and simultaneously mesoporous phase, which forms during degassing of NH3 and H2O. The temporal evolution of mesoporous frameworks and the response of the metal coordination environment were followed by in situ and ex situ scattering and diffraction, as well as X-ray spectroscopy. Despite sharing the same precursor struvite structure, different amorphous and mesoporous structures were obtained depending on the involved transition metal. We highlight the systematic differences in absolute surface area, pore shape, pore size, and phase transitions depending on the metal cation present in the analogous M-struvites. The amorphous structures of thermally decomposed Mg-, Ni- and NixCo1−x-struvites exhibit high surface areas and pore volumes (240 m2 g−1 and 0.32 cm−3 g−1 for Mg and 90 m2 g−1 and 0.13 cm−3 g−1 for Ni). We propose that the low-cost, environmentally friendly M-struvites could be obtained as recycling products from industrial and agricultural wastewaters. These waste products could be then upcycled into mesoporous TMPs through a simple thermal treatment for further application, for instance in (electro)catalysis.
KW - Struvite
KW - Phosphates
KW - Transition metals
KW - Proton conductivity
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575862
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT00839H
SN - 1477-9226
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Royal Society of Chemisty (RSC)
CY - London/Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-57586
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Keshmiri, Hamid
A1 - Cikes, Domagoj
A1 - Samalova, Marketa
A1 - Schindler, Lukas
A1 - Appel, Lisa-Marie
A1 - Urbanek, Michal
A1 - Yudushkin, Ivan
A1 - Slade, Dea
A1 - Weninger, Wolfgang J.
A1 - Peaucelle, Alexis
A1 - Penninger, Josef
A1 - Elsayad, Kareem
T1 - Brillouin light scattering anisotropy microscopy for imaging the viscoelastic anisotropy in living cells
N2 - Maintaining and modulating mechanical anisotropy is essential for biological processes. However, how this is achieved at the microscopic scale in living soft matter is not always clear. Although Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy can probe the mechanical properties of materials, spatiotemporal mapping of mechanical anisotropies in living matter with BLS microscopy has been complicated by the need for sequential measurements with tilted excitation and detection angles. Here we introduce Brillouin light scattering anisotropy microscopy (BLAM) for mapping high-frequency viscoelastic anisotropy inside living cells. BLAM employs a radial virtually imaged phased array that enables the collection of angle-resolved dispersion in a single shot, thus enabling us to probe phonon modes in living matter along different directions simultaneously. We demonstrate a precision of 10 MHz in the determination of the Brillouin frequency shift, at a spatial resolution of 2 µm. Following proof-of-principle experiments on muscle myofibres, we apply BLAM to the study of two fundamental biological processes. In plant cell walls, we observe a switch from anisotropic to isotropic wall properties that may lead to asymmetric growth. In mammalian cell nuclei, we uncover a spatiotemporally oscillating elastic anisotropy correlated to chromatin condensation. Our results highlight the role that high-frequency mechanics can play in the regulation of diverse fundamental processes in biological systems. We expect BLAM to find diverse applications in biomedical imaging and material characterization.
KW - Optical and magnetic materials
KW - Atomic and molecular physics and optics
KW - Electronic
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595125
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01368-w
SN - 1749-4885
SN - 1749-4893
VL - 18
IS - 3
SP - 276
EP - 285
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-59512
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Singh, Amit Kumar
A1 - Mishra, Biswajit
A1 - Sinha, Om Prakash
T1 - Reduction Kinetics of Fluxed Iron Ore Pellets Made of Coarse Iron Ore Particles
N2 - The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2.
KW - Materials Chemistry
KW - Metals and Alloys
KW - Process Metallurgy
KW - Iron making
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598326
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202300669
SN - 1611-3683
IS - 2300669
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-59832
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Schuck, G.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Speciation of copper and zinc compounds relevant for the hazard property (HP) 14 classification of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and fly ashes
N2 - The analysis of the presence and content of substances that are toxic to aquatic life in waste is essential for classification of waste with regard to hazard property (HP) 14 ‘ecotoxic’. For the determination of HP14 classified copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) compounds in various municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes (IBA) and one fly ash (FA) from Germany we applied X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in combination with linear combination fitting. The analysis showed that approx. 50–70% of Cu in the IBA are Cu(I) compounds and elemental Cu(0), but these compounds were not equally distributed in the different IBA. In contrast, the majority (approx. 50–70%) of Zn in all IBA is elemental zinc, which originates from brass or other alloys and galvanized metals with a large content of zinc in the waste. The FA contain higher mass fraction on Zn and other toxic elements, but similar Cu and Zn species. Additional performed selective extraction at a pH of 4 with an organic acid of some IBA showed that the ecotoxic Zn fraction is mainly elemental zinc and zinc oxide. In contrast, for the ecotoxic Cu fraction within the IBA no specific compound could be identified. Furthermore, the XANES analysis showed that the HP14 properties of especially Cu in IBA is overestimated with current best-practice guidelines for sample processing for the current substance-related approach with the 0.1% cut-off rule for each substance. However, it should be considered whether it would not be better from an environmental point of view to take the ecotoxicologically leachable copper and zinc as a reference value.
KW - Thermal waste treatment
KW - XANES spectroscopy
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - Incineration bottom ash
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609584
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.001
VL - 189
SP - 421
EP - 426
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60958
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
T1 - Sequential Extraction of Incineration Bottom Ash: Conclusions Regarding Ecotoxicity
N2 - The classification of incineration bottom ash (IBA) as hazardous or non-hazardous according to ecotoxic hazard property HP14 is still under debate. In this context, only the compounds of Zn and Cu with the hazard statement code H410 are of relevance. With an approach based on the grouping of substances, it was shown that such substances are either readily water-soluble or slightly and sparingly soluble. The concentrations of readily soluble Cu and Zn compounds in IBA are far below the cut-off value of 0.1%. Slightly and sparingly soluble Zn and Cu compounds could be quantified in the first fraction of a four-step sequential extraction procedure. With the results from the complete sequence, the dimensionless synthesis toxicity index (STI) was calculated and was in the range of 494 to 1218 for the four investigated IBA samples. It was concluded that IBA can usually be classified as non-hazardous.
KW - Incineration bottom ash
KW - Hazard properties
KW - Ecotoxicity
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605262
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135541
SN - 2076-3417
VL - 14
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-60526
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scales, B. S.
A1 - Hasenrück, C.
A1 - Moldaenke, L.
A1 - Hassa, J.
A1 - Rückert-Reed, C.
A1 - Rummel, C.
A1 - Völkner, C.
A1 - Rynek, R.
A1 - Busche, T.
A1 - Kalinowski, J.
A1 - Jahnke, A.
A1 - Schmitt-Jansen, M.
A1 - Wendt-Potthoff, K.
A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja
T1 - Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
N2 - The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultravioletexposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce
less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This
cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as betacarotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria-produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water.
KW - Microplastics
KW - Biofilm
KW - Pigment
KW - Microorganisms
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605725
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16639
SN - 1462-2912
VL - 26
IS - 6
SP - e16639
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60572
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Golian, M. J.
A1 - Friedman, D. A.
A1 - Harrison, M.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Buellesbach, J.
T1 - Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea
N2 - AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level.
KW - Chemical ecology
KW - Ecological genetics
KW - Entomology
KW - Evolutionary ecology
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608260
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70063
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 14
IS - 8
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-60826
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hellemans, S.
A1 - Rocha, M. M.
A1 - Wang, M.
A1 - Romero Arias, J.
A1 - Aanen, D. K.
A1 - Bagnères, A.-G.
A1 - Buček, A.
A1 - Carrijo, T. F.
A1 - Chouvenc, T.
A1 - Cuezzo, C.
A1 - Constantini, J. P.
A1 - Constantino, R.
A1 - Dedeine, F.
A1 - Deligne, J.
A1 - Eggleton, P.
A1 - Evans, T. A.
A1 - Hanus, R.
A1 - Harrison, Mark C.
A1 - Harry, M.
A1 - Josens, G.
A1 - Jouault, C.
A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M.
A1 - Kaymak, E.
A1 - Korb, J.
A1 - Lee, C.-Y.
A1 - Legendre, F.
A1 - Li, H.-F.
A1 - Lo, N.
A1 - Lu, T.
A1 - Matsuura, K.
A1 - Maekawa, K.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Mizumoto, N.
A1 - Oliveira, D. E.
A1 - Poulsen, M.
A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D.
A1 - Su, N.-Y.
A1 - Tokuda, G.
A1 - Vargo, E. L.
A1 - Ware, J. L.
A1 - Šobotník, J.
A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H.
A1 - Cancello, E.
A1 - Roisin, Y.
A1 - Engel, M. S.
A1 - Bourguignon, T.
T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites
N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies.
KW - Termite
KW - Taxonomy
KW - Evolution
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60827
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneider, Beate
A1 - Pfeiffer, Friedhelm
A1 - Remus, Daniela
A1 - Dyall-Smith, Mike
A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg
ED - Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja
T1 - Genome sequence of Pseudomonas silesiensis strain G3, a member of a bacterial consortium capable of polyethylene degradation
N2 - A consortium of landfill bacteria including strain G3 can break down polyethylene, a long-lasting plastic that accumulates in the environment. The complete genome sequence of strain G3 was determined by PacBio and Nanopore sequencing and consists of three circular replicons. Genome-based classification assigned strain G3 to the species Pseudomonas silesiensis.
KW - PE degradation
KW - Polyethylene
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611618
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00138-24
SN - 2576-098X
VL - 13
IS - 11
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - American Society for Microbiology
AN - OPUS4-61161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Schmidt, A.
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Simon, Fabian
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines
N2 - Organofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs ( C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples.
Graphical Abstract
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613429
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05590-5
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61342
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J.
A1 - Stehling, Oliver
A1 - Stümpfig, Martin
A1 - Rösser, Ralf
A1 - Spantgar, Farah
A1 - Blinn, Catharina M.
A1 - Mühlenhoff, Ulrich
A1 - Pierik, Antonio J.
A1 - Lill, Roland
T1 - Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol
N2 - The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
KW - Biokorrosion
KW - Hydrogenasen
KW - Microbially Induced Corrosion
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602328
DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400740121
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 121
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
CY - Washington D.C.
AN - OPUS4-60232
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maulas, Kryzzyl M.
A1 - Paredes, Charla S.
A1 - Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
A1 - Jose, Mark Anthony
A1 - Opiso, Einstine M.
A1 - Arima, Takahiko
A1 - Park, Ilhwan
A1 - Mufalo, Walubita
A1 - Ito, Mayumi
A1 - Igarashi, Toshifumi
A1 - Phengsaart, Theerayut
A1 - Villas, Edrhea
A1 - Dagondon, Sheila L.
A1 - Metillo, Ephrime B.
A1 - Uy, Mylene M.
A1 - Manua, Al James A.
A1 - Villacorte-Tabelin, Mylah
T1 - Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
N2 - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai.
KW - Calcium carbonate
KW - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
KW - Ureolytic bacteria
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600888
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040339
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-60088
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mishra, Biswajit
A1 - Kumar Singh, Amit
A1 - Shankar Mahobia, Girija
T1 - Hydrogen reduction studies of low-grade multimetallic magnetite ore pellets
N2 - The hydrogen reducibility of pellets made from a low-grade multimetallic magnetite ore (Fe content ∼ 45 %) was investigated in the present study. Pellets were reduced in a horizontal tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1173 K for 1 to 60 min. Pure Hydrogen (H2) gas (99.9 %) at three flow rates of 0.25 L/min, 0.5 L/min, and 1 L/min were blown during the reduction process. A maximum reduction degree of 94.07 %, metallization ratio of 0.925, and H2 gas utilization of 9.01 % were obtained at a temperature and a reduction time of 1173 K and 60 min, respectively. In order to optimize the hydrogen utilization, a reduction temperature of 1173 K, a reduction time of 45 min, and a gas flow rate of 0.25 L/min were selected, resulting in a reduction degree and metallization ratio of 90 % and 0.89, respectively. The cold crushing strength (CCS) of the reduced pellets initially decreased and then increased slightly, exhibiting behavior similar to high-grade ores. Imputities like SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO, present in the low grade ores are found to control the porosity of the pellets, directly affecting the CCS and reducibility of the pellets.
KW - Cold Crushing Strength
KW - Low-grade iron ores
KW - Hydrogen Reduction
KW - Metallization ratio
KW - Gangue elements
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108823
SN - 0892-6875
VL - 215
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-62539
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - da Silva, Luiza Helena Bueno
A1 - Goes, Aryel C.
A1 - Rodrigues, Andre
A1 - Fourcassié, Vincent
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Haifig, Ives
T1 - Social immune response reflects infection progression in a soldierless termite
N2 - Social interactions represent a double-edged sword. On one hand, sociality can facilitate sanitary collective behaviours; on the other hand, it creates opportunities for pathogen transmission. In termites, sanitary behaviours can entail a rescuing strategy at early stages of infection, followed by the elimination at later stages. We explored whether the neotropical soldierless species Anoplotermes pacificus employs a progressive approach towards infected nestmates, with different behavioural displays depending on the infection stage. We infected A. pacificus workers with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and incubated them for 2, 12, 15 and 20 h, corresponding to infection progression and, therefore, severity. Infected termites were placed with naïve nestmates and their behaviours were recorded for 3 h. Fungus-infected termites triggered up to fourfold higher levels of sanitary behaviour than in non-infected termites. Antennation behaviour decreased during the observation period, whereas sanitary behaviour, which we defined as directed behaviour towards the focal termite involving mouthparts, increased in frequency as incubation duration increased. Sanitary behaviour therefore appears to be a strategy for colony disinfection, which varies in intensity according to infection status, ultimately resulting in the immobilisation of infected individuals at later stages of infection. Alarm responses were also up to three times more frequent in treatment than in control groups and did not vary with incubation duration. A. pacificus workers therefore identify, communicate and respond to pathogen-treated individuals in a progressive manner, indicating that collective responses in this species are also significantly shaped by the stage of infection. By progressively modulating their social immune responses, termites may be able to optimize resource allocation within the colony by balancing the risk of individual infection versus protection of the group.
KW - Anoplotermes pacificus
KW - Isoptera
KW - Infection
KW - Metarhizium
KW - Social immunity
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03556-2
VL - 79
IS - 1
SP - 1
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-62397
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Riedel, Maren
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Schoknecht, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ski Waxes and Snow from Cross-Country Skiing in Germany - Comparative study of Sum Parameter and Target Analysis
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often environmentally exposed via discharge through human consumer products, such as ski waxes. In our study we analyzed various ski waxes from the 1980s and 2020s, to determine both the sum parameter values total fluorine (TF), extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF), hydrolysable organically bound fluorine (HOF) as well as targeted PFAS analysis. This showed that modern high-performance waxes contain up to 6 % TF, but also PFAS-free labelled ski waxes contain traces of PFAS with EOF/HOF values in the low mg kg-1 range. With the ban of all fluorine-based waxes with the start of the 2023/2024 winter season this will probably change soon. Moreover, we applied our analysis methods to snow samples from a frequently used cross country ski trail (Kammloipe) in the Ore Mountain region in Germany, assessing the potential PFAS entry/discharge through ski waxes. Melted snow samples from different spots were analyzed by the adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) sum parameter and PFAS target analysis and confirmed the abrasion of the ski waxes into the snow. Moreover, on a PFAS hotspot also soil samples were analyzed, which indicate that PFAS from the ski waxes adsorb after snow melting into the soil.
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Consumer Products
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612760
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100484
VL - 16
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61276
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Schinnen, Andrea
A1 - Riedel, Maren
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Sawal, G.
A1 - Bandow, N.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Investigation of pH-dependent extraction methods for PFAS in (fluoropolymer-based) consumer products: A comparative study between targeted and sum parameter analysis
N2 - Here, we report a comparative study of different sum parameter analysis methods for the extraction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from manufactured consumer products, which can be measured by combustion ion chromatography (CIC). Therefore, a hydrolysis-based extraction method was further developed, which accounts for the addition of hydrolyzable covalently bound polyfluoroalkylated side-chain polymers (SFPs) to the extractable organic fluorine portion of the mass balance proposed as "hydrolyzable organically bound fluorine" (HOF). To test this hypothesis, the method was applied to 39 different consumer products containing fluoropolymers or monomeric PFAS taken from four different categories: outdoor textiles, paper packaging, carpeting, and permanent baking sheets. We also evaluated the method's efficiency by extracting four synthesized fluorotelomer polyacrylate reference compounds. The total fluorine (TF) and extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) values were measured through CIC using established protocols. The TF values ranged from sub-ppb to %-levels, depending on the compound class. All samples showed results for hydrolyzed organofluorine (HOF) between 0.03 and 76.3 μg/g, while most EOF values were lower (0.9 and <0.4 mmol/g for both types of chitosan and activated carbon, respectively). Milled activated carbon proved to be the better adsorption material, considering the fixed volume of the adsorber (>99.9% PFOS adsorbed). Overall, the cross-linking agent concentration in chitosan is a crucial factor influencing its PFOS absorption potential. Our results feature cross-linked chitosan as an effective economic and ecologic alternative for PFOS adsorption in aqueous solutions.
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Remediation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618406
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311145
VL - 14
IS - 23
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-61840
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wen, Keqing
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
A1 - Bell, Jérémy
T1 - Microfluidic platform with precisely controlled hydrodynamic parameters and integrated features for generation of microvortices to accurately form and monitor biofilms in flow
N2 - Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, and their adhesion to surfaces in industrial systems or clinical settings may lead to pipe clogging, microbially influenced corrosion, material deterioration, food spoilage, infections, and human illness. Here, a novel microfluidic platform was developed to investigate biofilm formation under precisely controlled (i) cell concentration, (ii) temperature, and (iii) flow conditions. The developed platform central unit is a single-channel microfluidic flow cell designed to ensure ultrahomogeneous flow and condition in its central area, where features, e.g., with trapping properties, can be incorporated. In comparison to static and macroflow chamber assays for biofilm studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes and have better environment control and smaller sample requirements. Flow simulations and experiments with fluorescent particles were used to simulate bacteria flow in the platform cell for calculating flow velocity and direction at the microscale level. The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection in the cell showed that microtraps placed at the center of the channel were efficient in capturing bacteria at determined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially microvortices, can affect biofilm formation. The microfluidic platform exhibited improved performances in terms of homogeneity and robustness for in vitro biofilm formation. We anticipate the presented platform to be suitable for broad, versatile, and high-throughput biofilm studies at the microscale level.
KW - Topographical pattern
KW - E. coli
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Bacteria trapping
KW - Particle velocimetry
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610450
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00101
SN - 2373-9878
VL - 10
IS - 7
SP - 4626
EP - 4634
PB - ACS Publ.
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-61045
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Catanzaro, Ilaria
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Onofri, Silvano
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
T1 - 1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin provides unequal protection to black fungi Knufia petricola and Cryomyces antarcticus from UV‐B radiation
N2 - Black fungi on rock surfaces endure a spectrum of abiotic stresses, including UV radiation. Their ability to tolerate extreme conditions is attributed to the convergent evolution of adaptive traits, primarily highly melanized cell walls. However, studies on fungal melanins have not provided univocal results on their photoprotective functions. Here, we investigated whether the black fungi Knufia petricola and Cryomyces antarcticus only use DHN melanin or may employ alternative mechanisms to counteract UV‐induced damage. For this, melanized wild types and non‐melanized Δpks1 mutants were exposed to different doses of UV‐B (312 nm) followed by incubation in constant darkness or in light–dark cycles to allow light‐dependent DNA repair by photolyases (photoreactivation). C. antarcticus could tolerate higher UV‐B doses but was sensitive to white light, whereas K. petricola showed the opposite trend. DHN melanin provided UV‐B protection in C. antarcticus, whereas the same pigment or even carotenoids proved ineffective in K. petricola. Both fungi demonstrated functional photoreactivation in agreement with the presence of photolyase‐encoding genes. Our findings reveal that although the adaptive trait of DHN melanization commonly occurs across black fungi, it is not equally functional and that there are species‐specific adaptations towards either UV‐induced lesion avoidance or repair strategies.
KW - Rock-inhabiting Ascomycetes
KW - Pigment
KW - Photoprotection
KW - Photolyase
KW - Disinfection
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616859
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70043
VL - 16
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61685
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sathiyamani, S.
A1 - Ngiam, S.
A1 - Bonnerot, O.
A1 - Jaengsawang, S.
A1 - Panarut, P.
A1 - Helman-Wazny, Agnieszka
A1 - Colini, C.
T1 - Material Characterisation of 19–20th Century Manuscripts from Northern Thailand
N2 - Material analysis was carried out on four manuscripts from Northern Thailand, which included two palm-leaf manuscripts and two paper manuscripts. The two palm-leaf manuscripts MS 6 and MS 7 were found to have been written in the traditional method, wherein text was incised on the surface of the leaves, and then soot applied to the surfaces, confirmed by the identification of carbon ink. MS 7 additionally showed the presence of trace levels of iron in the ink, either from soot paste or from the stylus used for inscribing. The paper manuscript MS 3 was written in iron-gall ink, with sections written using a methyl-violet based ink while MS 4 was written in carbon ink. The paper used in the case of MS 3 was found to be machine made, while khoi fibres (Streblus asper) were used for making the paper used for MS 4. A combination of traditional and modern pigments, like molybdenum orange, was used for decorating the edges and cover. The results improved our understanding of these manuscripts in particular, and also provided us with insights about the rapid adoption of modern materials and their incorporation into the production of written artefacts from Northern Thailand in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
KW - Materials analysis
KW - Paper manuscript
KW - Palm-leaf manuscript
KW - Writing inks
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652586
DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/res-2023-0028
SN - 0034-5806
VL - 45
IS - 2-3
SP - 117
EP - 140
PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH
AN - OPUS4-65258
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schraut, Katharina
A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Stephan, Dietmar
A1 - Meng, Birgit
A1 - Simon, Sebastian
A1 - von Werder, Julia
A1 - Hirsch, Tamino
A1 - Manninger, Tanja
T1 - Effect of gypsum on the hydration of fused cement clinker from basic oxygen furnace slag
N2 - Fused cement clinker can be produced from molten basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) by way of a reductive thermochemical treatment. During the thermochemical treatment, oxidic iron is reduced to metallic iron and separated. The resulting low-iron slag has a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker. In this study, the hydraulic reactivity of the fused clinker from BOFS with and without gypsum was investigated using isothermal calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, in situ X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a synthetic fused clinker without foreign ions and fused clinker produced by a mixture of both materials was studied. The hydraulic reaction of the fused clinker from BOFS was considerably slower than that of OPC. However, the reaction can be accelerated by adding gypsum as a sulfate carrier. Furthermore, the results showed an increased reaction rate with decreasing content of foreign ions such as Fe, P or Mn.
KW - General Materials Science
KW - Building and Construction
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1680/jadcr.23.00070
SN - 0951-7197
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Telford
AN - OPUS4-59391
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hamann, Christopher
A1 - Piehl, Patrick
A1 - Weingart, Eric
A1 - Stolle, Dirk
A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik
A1 - Ostermann, Markus
A1 - Auer, Gerhard
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Selective removal of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust by chlorination–evaporation reactions
N2 - Re-melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) results in the accumulation of filter dust from off-gas treatment that predominantly consists of iron and zinc oxides. Filter dust is classified as hazardous waste due to its high contents of potentially toxic or ecotoxic elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, and As. A promising processing route for this waste is selective chlorination, in which the non-ferrous metal oxides are chlorinated and selectively evaporated in form of their respective chlorides from the remaining solids via the process gas flow. Here, we investigate stepwise thermochemical treatment of EAF dust with either waste iron(II) chloride solution or hydrochloric acid at 650, 800, and 1100 ◦C. The Zn and Pb contents of the thermochemically processed EAF dust could be lowered from 29.9% and 1.63% to 0.09% and 0.004%, respectively. Stepwise heating allowed high separation between zinc chloride at the 650 ◦C step and sodium-, potassium-, and lead-containing chlorides at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the lab-scale results were transferred to the use of an experimental rotary kiln highlighting the possibilities of upscaling the presented process. Selective chlorination of EAF dust with liquid chlorine donors is, therefore, suggested as a potential recycling method for Zn-enriched steelworks dusts.
KW - Electric arc furnace dust
KW - Zinc
KW - Selective Chlorination
KW - Hazardous waste
KW - Resource Recovery
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133421
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 465
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-59345
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Barkeshli, Mandana
A1 - Stephan, Ina
A1 - Shevchuk, Ivan
A1 - Soltani, Mojtaba
T1 - Characteristics of Sizing Materials Used in Persian Medieval Manuscripts: Physical, Optical, Spectral Imaging, and Fungicidal Properties
N2 - In this study, we investigated the diverse range of materials used for sizing in Iranian paper manuscripts during the Timurid (fifteenth century) to Safavid (sixteenth century) and Qajar (nineteenth century) periods. Our approach combined historical analysis with scientific examination of reconstructed sizings. We reconstructed 15 sizing materials based on identified Persian historical recipes and analysed their physical, optical, and spectral characteristics. Additionally, we assessed their behaviour against the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed distinctive properties for each sizing material, shedding light on their potential applications in paper preservation. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrated variations in hygroscopicity, thickness, grammage, and ash content post-sizing. The sizing materials also exhibited different effects on paper reflectance properties. Additionally, our study revealed insights into the impact of sizing on burnished papers, indicating that the mechanical process of burnishing did not significantly alter the chemical composition or spectral properties of the paper, with only minor changes in brightness observed in specific cases. All tested sizing materials supported varying levels of mould growth, indicating potential implications for paper conservation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the historical practices of Iranian paper sizing and offer practical considerations for the preservation of paper manuscripts.
KW - Paper sizings
KW - Persian historical recipes
KW - Physical and optical characteristics
KW - Fungicidal property
KW - Spectral imaging
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2024.2342647
VL - 69
SP - 519
EP - 536
PB - Informa UK Limited
AN - OPUS4-60159
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Richter, Matthias
A1 - Neuhaus, T.
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca Skadi
A1 - Colakoglu, Irem
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
T1 - Towards a multi-VOC emission reference material with temporally constant emission profile for QA/QC of materials emission testing procedures
N2 - Emission reference materials (ERMs) are sought after to further control and improve indoor air quality. The impregnation of porous materials with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a promising approach to produce ERMs. Different VOCs were used to impregnate various porous materials (mainly zeolites, activated carbons and a metal organic framework). The influence of different methodological parameters and material properties were studied to optimize the impregnation procedure and to find the best material/VOC combination. The impregnation procedure remains quite irreproducible, nevertheless, very good ERM candidates were identified. Two materials (zeolite 4 and AC 1 impregnated with n-hexadecane) showed a very stable emission over 14 days (<10 % change). Another material (AC 1 impregnated with toluene) showed a declining emission profile but with a very good in-batch reproducibility and a storage stability of up to 12 months.
KW - Emission reference material
KW - Porous materials
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - CO2 assisted impregnation
KW - EN 16516
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612238
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143437
SN - 1879-1298
VL - 366
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-61223
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jovičević-Klug, Matic
A1 - Souza Filho, Isnaldi R.
A1 - Springer, Hauke
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Raabe, Dierk
T1 - Green steel from red mud through climate-neutral hydrogen plasma reduction
N2 - AbstractRed mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina, the feedstock for aluminium production1. With about 180 million tonnes produced per year1, red mud has amassed to one of the largest environmentally hazardous waste products, with the staggering amount of 4 billion tonnes accumulated on a global scale1. Here we present how this red mud can be turned into valuable and sustainable feedstock for ironmaking using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction, thus mitigating a part of the steel-related carbon dioxide emissions by making it available for the production of several hundred million tonnes of green steel. The process proceeds through rapid liquid-state reduction, chemical partitioning, as well as density-driven and viscosity-driven separation between metal and oxides. We show the underlying chemical reactions, pH-neutralization processes and phase transformations during this surprisingly simple and fast reduction method. The approach establishes a sustainable toxic-waste treatment from aluminium production through using red mud as feedstock to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from steelmaking.
KW - Multidisciplinary
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594424
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06901-z
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 625
IS - 7996
SP - 703
EP - 709
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-59442
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker
A1 - Brüll, Robert
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Investigation on the Durability of a Polypropylene Geotextile under Artificial Aging Scenarios
N2 - Geosynthetics are widely used in various civil engineering applications, such as geotextiles in coastal protection, and display a sustainable alternative to natural mineral materials. However, the full benefits of using geosynthetics can only be gained with a long service lifetime of the products. With the use of added stabilizers to the polymers, service lifetimes can be achieved in the range of 100 years. Therefore, accelerated aging methods are needed for the assessment of the long-term performance of geotextiles. In the present study, the behavior of geosynthetic materials made of polypropylene was investigated under artificial aging conditions involving elevated temperatures ranging from 30 to 80 °C, increased oxygen pressures ranging from 10 to 50 bar in water-filled autoclaves, and UV irradiation under atmospheric conditions. ATR-IR spectroscopy was employed to detect the increase in the carbonyl index over various aging durations, indicating the oxidative degradation of the geotextile. The most pronounced increase was observed in the case of aging through UV irradiation, followed by thermal aging. Elevated pressure, on the other hand, had a lower impact on oxidation. High-temperature size exclusion chromatography was utilized to follow the reduction in molar mass under different degradation conditions, and the results were consistent with those obtained from ATR-IR spectroscopy. In polyolefins such as polypropylene, Hindered Amine Stabilizers (HAS) are used to suppress oxidation caused by UV radiation. The quantitative analysis of HAS was carried out using a UV/Vis method and HPLC. The degradation of UV stabilizers during the aging of geotextiles is responsible for the oxidation and the reduction in the molar mass of polypropylene. From the results, it can be concluded that applications of PP geotextile without soil or sand cover might cause the risk of the formation of microplastic particles. Material selection, design, and maintenance of the construction must follow best practices, including the system’s removal or replacement at end-of-life. Otherwise, a sustainable use of geotextiles in civil engineering is not possible.
KW - Geotextiles
KW - Microplastic
KW - Size exclusion chromatography
KW - Accelerated aging
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599739
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093559
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 16
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-59973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Erdmann, Eileen A.
A1 - Brandhorst, Antonia K. M.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
T1 - The Tet‑on system for controllable gene expression in the rock‑inhabiting black fungus Knufia petricola
N2 - Knufia petricola is a black fungus that colonizes sun-exposed surfaces as extreme and oligotrophic environments. As ecologically important heterotrophs and biofilm-formers on human-made surfaces, black fungi form one of the most resistant groups of biodeteriorating organisms. Due to its moderate growth rate in axenic culture and available protocols for its transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, K. petricola is used for studying the morpho-physiological adaptations shared by extremophilic and extremotolerant black fungi. In this study, the bacteria-derived tetracycline (TET)-dependent promoter (Tet-on) system was implemented to enable controllable gene expression in K. petricola. The functionality i.e., the dose-dependent inducibility of TET-regulated constructs was investigated by using GFP fluorescence, pigment synthesis(melanin and carotenoids) and restored uracil prototrophy as reporters. The newly generated cloning vectors containing the Tet-on construct, and the validated sites in the K. petricola genome for color-selectable or neutral insertion of expression constructs complete the reverse genetics toolbox. One or multiple genes can be expressed on demand from different genomic loci or from a single construct by using 2A self-cleaving peptides, e.g., for localizing proteins and protein complexes in the K. petricola cell or for using K. petricola as host for the expression of heterologous genes.
KW - Microcolonial fungi
KW - Inducible promoter
KW - Bimolecular fluorescence complementation
KW - 2A peptide
KW - CRISPR/ Cas9-mediated genome editing
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607672
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-024-01354-2
VL - 28
IS - 38
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-60767
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra
A1 - Löhmann, Oliver
A1 - Lindemann, Franziska
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Embedding and cross-sectioning as a sample preparation procedure for accurate and representative size and shape measurement of nanopowders
N2 - Reliable measurement of the size of polydisperse, complex-shaped commercial nanopowders is a difficult but necessary task, e.g., for regulatory requirements and toxicity risk assessment. Suitable methods exist for the accurate characterization of the size of non-aggregated, stabilized, spherical and monodisperse nanoparticles. In contrast, industrial nanoscale powders usually require dedicated sample preparation procedures developed for the analysis method of choice. These nano-powders tend to agglomerate and/or aggregate, a behavior which in combination with an innate broad particle size distribution and irregular shape often significantly alters the achievable accuracy of the measured size parameters. The present study systematically tests two commercially available nanoscale powders using different sample preparation methods for correlative analysis by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method and differential mobility analysis. One focus was set on the sample preparation by embedding nanoparticles in carbon-based hot-mounting resin. Literature on this topic is scarce and the accuracy of the data extracted from cross sections of these particles is unclearly stated. In this paper systematic simulations on the deviation of the size parameters of well-defined series of nanoparticles with different shapes from the nominal value were carried out and the contributing factors are discussed.
KW - Nanopowder
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Cross-sectioning
KW - Cerium oxide
KW - Zinc oxide
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593289
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-51094-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-59328
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Sobisch, Lydia-Yasmin
A1 - Gödt, Annett
A1 - Lewerenz, Dominique
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Heterogeneous survival upon disinfection underlies evolution of increased tolerance
N2 - Disinfection is important to limit the spread of infections, but failure of disinfection may foster the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Persisters are phenotypically tolerant subpopulations that survive toxic stress longer than susceptible cells, leading to failure in treatments with antimicrobials and facilitating resistance evolution. To date, little is known about persistence in the context of disinfectants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of persisters on disinfection and to determine the consequences of disinfectant persistence for the evolution of increased tolerance to disinfectants. Disinfection kinetics with high temporal resolution were recorded for Escherichia coli exposed to the following six disinfectants: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutaraldehyde (GTA), chlorhexidine (CHX), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and isopropanol (ISO). A mathematical model was used to infer the presence of persisters from the time–kill data. Time–kill kinetics for BAC, DDAC, and ISO were indicative of persisters, whereas no or weak evidence was found for H2O2, GTA, and CHX. When subjected to comparative experimental evolution under recurring disinfection, E. coli evolved increased tolerance to substances for which persisters were predicted (BAC and ISO), whereas adaptation failed for substances in which no persisters were predicted (GTA and CHX), causing extinction of exposed populations. Our findings have implications for the risk of disinfection failure, highlighting a potential link between persistence to disinfectants and the ability to evolve disinfectant survival mechanisms.
IMPORTANCE: Disinfection is key to control the spread of infections. But the application of disinfectants bears the risk to promote the evolution of reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials if bacteria survive the treatment. The ability of individual bacteria to survive disinfection can display considerable heterogeneity within isogenic populations and may be facilitated by tolerant persister subpopulations. Using time–kill kinetics and interpreting the data within a mathematical framework, we quantify heterogeneity and persistence in Escherichia coli when exposed to six different disinfectants. We find that the level of persistence, and with this the risk for disinfection failure, depends on the disinfectant. Importantly, evolution experiments under recurrent disinfection provide evidence that links the presence of persisters to the ability to evolve reduced susceptibility to disinfectants. This study emphasizes the impact of heterogeneity within bacterial populations on disinfection outcomes and the potential consequences for the evolution of antimicrobial resistances.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Standardization
KW - Biocides
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615566
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03276-22
SN - 2165-0497
VL - 12
IS - 12
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - American Society for Microbiology
CY - Birmingham, Ala.
AN - OPUS4-61556
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Selina B. I.
A1 - Täschner, Tom
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - Differential Selection for Survival and for Growth in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Experiments With Benzalkonium Chloride
N2 - Biocides are used to control microorganisms across different applications, but emerging resistance may pose risks for those applications. Resistance to biocides has commonly been studied using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments with growth at subinhibitory concentrations linked to serial subculturing. It has been shown recently that Escherichia coli adapts to repeated lethal stress imposed by the biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) by increased survival (i.e., tolerance) and not by evolving the ability to grow at increased concentrations (i.e., resistance). Here, we investigate the contributions of evolution for tolerance as opposed to resistance for the outcome of ALE experiments with E. coli exposed to BAC. We find that BAC concentrations close to the half maximal effective concentration (EC50, 4.36 μg mL−1) show initial killing (~40%) before the population resumes growth. This indicates that cells face a two‐fold selection pressure: for increased survival and for increased growth. To disentangle the effects of both selection pressures, we conducted two ALE experiments: (i) one with initial killing and continued stress close to the EC50 during growth and (ii) another with initial killing and no stress during growth. Phenotypic characterization of adapted populations showed that growth at higher BAC concentrations was only selected for when BAC was present during growth. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct differences in mutated genes across treatments. Treatments selecting for survival‐only led to mutations in genes for metabolic regulation (cyaA) and cellular structure (flagella fliJ), while treatments selecting for growth and survival led to mutations in genes related to stress response (hslO and tufA). Our results demonstrate that serial subculture ALE experiments with an antimicrobial at subinhibitory concentrations can select for increased growth and survival. This finding has implications for the design of ALE experiments to assess resistance risks of antimicrobials in different scenarios such as disinfection, preservation, and environmental pollution.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Standardization
KW - Biocides
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615496
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70017
VL - 17
IS - 10
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61549
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - He, Zhiming
A1 - Dechesne, Arnaud
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Zhu, Yong-Guan
A1 - Larsson, Joakim
A1 - Smets, Barth
T1 - Understanding Stimulation of Conjugal Gene Transfer by Nonantibiotic Compounds: How Far Are We?
N2 - A myriad of nonantibiotic compounds is released into the environment, some of which may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance by stimulating conjugation. Here, we analyzed a collection of studies to (i) identify patterns of transfer stimulation across groups and concentrations of chemicals, (ii) evaluate the strength of evidence for the proposed mechanisms behind conjugal stimulation, and (iii) examine the plausibility of alternative mechanisms. We show that stimulatory nonantibiotic compounds act at concentrations from 1/1000 to 1/10 of the minimal inhibitory concentration for the donor strain but that stimulation is always modest (less than 8-fold). The main proposed mechanisms for stimulation via the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade and/or an increase in cell membrane permeability are not unequivocally supported by the literature. However, we identify the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade as the most likely mechanism. This remains to be confirmed by firm molecular evidence. Such evidence and more standardized and high-throughput conjugation assays are needed to create technologies and solutions to limit the stimulation of conjugal gene transfer and contribute to mitigating global antibiotic resistance.
KW - Antibiotic resistance
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Conjugation
KW - Chemicals
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c06060
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-60105
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grzelec, Małgorzata
A1 - Haas, Sylvio
A1 - Helman-Ważny, Agnieszka
T1 - Application of scanning small-angle X-ray scattering in the identification of sheet formation techniques in historical papers
N2 - Among writing substrates produced historically in different regions of the world, paper is one of the most complex materials. Its complexity results not only from a variety of highly processed ingredients, which can be used in its production, but also from a variety of methods in which these materials are combined to form the fibrillar network referred to as paper. While material identification methods are well established in the analysis of historical papers, the identification of manufacturing technologies is still an under-researched topic, that requires the development of appropriate methods and measurement protocols. This paper reports on the results of a research project aimed at the application of synchrotron scanning small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method in the characterization of paper structure, with emphasis on the assessment of fibrillar orientation as a marker characteristic for different, historical papermaking technologies. The main objective of this study consists of the development of a measurement protocol involving the SAXS technique complemented by other analytical methods in the characterization of the fibrous paper structure.
KW - SAXS
KW - Paper analysis
KW - Papermaking technology
KW - Fiber orientation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651594
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-08157-4
SN - 0947-8396
VL - 131
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-65159
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Martin, Nathan
A1 - Nota, Kevin
A1 - Aumont, Cédric
A1 - Marchand, Grégor
A1 - Marguerie, Dominique
T1 - Anthropic and climatic impacts on biodiversity during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in North-Western France
N2 - The Neolithic transition, which began around 10,000 BCE in Western Asia, has significantly impacted the biodiversity dynamics and the hunter-gatherer communities due to the beginning of anthropization and climate fluctuations during this period. Neolithic farmers gradually spread to the Atlantic margins of North-Western Europe during the 6th millennium BCE, arriving later than in other parts of the continent.
This systematic review aims to shed a light on the landscape transformations and shifts in the ecological niches that occurred during neolithization in the Armorican Massif, driven by human and climatic influences, through an interdisciplinary examination of palynology, archaeology and palaeogenomics. This Massif is situated in North-Western France which hosted well established Mesolithic and Neolithic societies that have been extensively studied. However, recent research has called into question the coexistence of these two cultural groups in this area, necessitating a reevaluation of the literature in light of these new findings.
This systematic review coupled with an analysis of pollen sequences reveals spatial and temporal heterogeneity in vegetation composition, openness, and the gradual introduction of domesticated taxa into the region. This analysis should be seen in the context of the delayed adoption of the agro-pastoral lifestyle in North-Western Europe, attributed to the different climatic conditions encountered, which required time for these societies and their domesticated taxa to adapt.
Further investigation is needed to clearly differentiate between anthropogenic and climatic impacts and paleoclimatic reconstruction based on pollen sequences looks promising for addressing this issue.
KW - Armorican massif
KW - Neolithic transition
KW - Anthropization
KW - Climate
KW - Palynology
KW - Biodiversity dynamics
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2024.11.004
SN - 1040-6182
VL - 714
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-65313
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos
A1 - Pimentel, Carlos
A1 - Montes-Hernández, German
A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko
A1 - Bienert, Ralf
A1 - Weimann, Karin
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Scoppola, Ernesto
A1 - Van Driessche, Alexander E.S.
T1 - Solution-driven processing of calcium sulfate: The mechanism of the reversible transformation of gypsum to bassanite in brines
N2 - Here, we show that calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) can be directly, rapidly and reversibly converted to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (bassanite) in high salinity solutions (brines). The optimum conditions for the efficient production of bassanite in a short time (<5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) > 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T > 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T > 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the better-known behaviour of the bassanite phase in low-salt environments. In low-salinity aqueous solutions, bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion does not occur in pure water. Interestingly, the high-salinity transformation of gypsum-to-bassanite has been reported by many authors and used in practice for several decades, although its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures was inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) > 4 M, and T > 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline phase for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios.
KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
KW - Strategy and Management
KW - General Environmental Science
KW - Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
KW - Building and Construction
KW - Calcium sulfate
KW - Gypsum
KW - Bassanite
KW - Scattering
KW - Raman
KW - In situ
KW - Synchrotron
KW - BESSY
KW - MySpot
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594698
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624004591#appsec1
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141012
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 440
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-59469
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franz, Mathias
A1 - Armitage, Sophie A.O.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Subasi, Bengisu S.
A1 - Rafaluk, Charlotte
T1 - Trade-offs in virulence evolution: a Hierarchy-of-Hypotheses approach
N2 - Understanding the evolution of virulence, that is, the harm pathogens cause their hosts, has major and wide-spread repercussions. A central concept of virulence evolution is the so-called ‘trade-off hypothesis’, a seemingly straightforward relationship between virulence and transmission. However, substantial ambiguity in terminology related to this hypothesis threatens progress in the field. To address this, we apply a Hierarchy-of-Hypotheses approach to provide structured, visual representations of ideas linked to this hypothesis. We illustrate that the trade-off hypothesis is a complex set of many different hypotheses and trade-offs, and we clarify ambiguities and biases in commonly used terminology in the literature. Thereby, we hope to facilitate a more precise understanding of what the trade-off hypothesis means, enabling more targeted and precise hypothesis testing.
KW - Pathogen virulence
KW - Trade-off
KW - Trade-off hypothesis
KW - Virulence evolution
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2025.01.006
SN - 1471-5007
VL - 41
IS - 3
SP - 188
EP - 195
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-62620
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Capitain, C.
A1 - Schüßler, M.
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Implementation of matrix-matched semiquantification of PFAS in AFFF-contaminated soil
N2 - This study presents a novel semiquantification approach for nontarget screening (NTS), combining matrix-matched calibration and ionization class-specific average calibration curves (ACCs) to address the lack of analytical reference standards for most per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Ionization class-specific ACCs for carboxylic and sulfonic acids, sulfonamides, and cationic PFAS result in high accuracy, with median absolute accuracy quotients below 2.27×. The approach was applied to soil impacted by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) contamination. A total of 96 tentatively identified PFAS were semiquantified in addition to 28 quantified compounds based on available standards. Semiquantified concentrations exceeded those of target analytes, demonstrating the critical role of this method in capturing broader PFAS contamination. In this case, validation against extractable organofluorine (EOF) showed a 102% closed mass balance. The innovative approach not only enables comprehensive PFAS contamination assessment in complex matrices but also expands the scope of the NTS for environmental monitoring, remediation, and risk assessment of AFFF-contaminated sites.
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Contaminated soil
KW - Non-targeted analysis
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629445
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c14255
SN - 1520-5851
VL - 59
IS - 14
SP - 7338
EP - 7347
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
CY - Columbus, Ohio
AN - OPUS4-62944
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hendricks, A.
A1 - Phillips, T. K.
A1 - Engl, T.
A1 - Plarre, Rudy
A1 - Martinson, V. G.
T1 - The bacterial microbiome in spider beetles and deathwatch beetles
N2 - The beetle family Ptinidae contains a number of economically important pests, such as the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne, the drugstore beetle Stegobium paniceum, and the diverse spider beetles. Many of these species are stored product pests, which target a diverse range of food sources, from dried tobacco to books made with organic materials. Despite the threat that the 2,200 species of Ptinidae beetles pose, fewer than 50 have been surveyed for microbial symbionts, and only a handful have been screened using contemporary genomic methods. In this study, we screen 116 individual specimens that cover most subfamilies of Ptinidae, with outgroup beetles from closely related families Dermestidae, Endecatomidae, and Bostrichidae. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon data to characterize the bacterial microbiomes of these specimens. The majority of these species had never been screened for microbes. We found that, unlike in their sister family, Bostrichidae, that has two mutualistic bacteria seen in most species, there are no consistent bacterial members of ptinid microbiomes. For specimens which had Wolbachia infections, we did additional screening using multilocus sequence typing and showed that our populations have different strains of Wolbachia than noted in previous publications.
KW - Sodalis
KW - Ptinidae
KW - Anobiidae
KW - Bostrichidae
KW - Dermestidae
KW - Bostrichoidea
KW - Wolbachia
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-631564
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01981-24
SN - 2165-0497
VL - 13
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 14
AN - OPUS4-63156
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Willms, Thomas
A1 - Kryk, Holger
A1 - Hampel, Uwe
T1 - An improved method for the analysis of the reaction products of the partial isobutane oxidation by gas chromatography using a green solvent
N2 - In the present work, an improved GC/MS method for the analysis of the reaction products of the non-catalytic partial oxidation of isobutane at a starting temperature of 25°C has been developed and compared to a previously published method. Two green GC-solvents (dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC)) and several internal standards (hexane, benzene, toluene, DEC) have been tested. The separation of the products at low retention times (methanol, isobutane, isobutene) could be significantly improved. For the liquid main products t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-butanol (TBA), propanone and most trace products (isopropanol, isobutanal, methyl formate, isopropyl formate, t-butyl formate and some acetates – 24 compounds in total), a coefficient of determination CoD > 0.999 has been achieved. For all weighing and GC/MS measurements uncertainties have been calculated. The peaks of the peak pair t-butyl formate (CoD >0.999) and isobutanol (CoD >0.99), have been simulated and used for calibrations. DEC gave a decomposition of TBHP on the column. With DMC, a problem of peak purity of TBHP appeared but could be resolved. The use of the green solvent DMC, compared to also studied traditional solvents like heptane and toluene, proved to be very beneficial, since it also permitted to determine polar compounds, e. g. carbon dioxide and formic acid.
KW - GC/MS
KW - Green solvent
KW - Method development
KW - Peroxide
KW - Measurement uncertainties
KW - Oxidation products
KW - Simulation
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632026
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2025.465892
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 1753
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-63202
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Song, Jessica X.
A1 - Scales, Brittan
A1 - Nguyen, Minh
A1 - Westberg, Emelie
A1 - Witalis, Bartosz
A1 - Urban-Malinga, Barbara
A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja
T1 - Close encounters on a micro scale: microplastic sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their potential effects on associated biofilm communities
N2 - Background:
Within systems as dynamic as the aquatic environment, it is crucial to address the impacts of an ever-growing network of emerging pollutants at their intersection. With previous research having demonstrated the capacity of microplastics (MPs) to sorb persistent organic pollutants, we ask in our study how different plastic polymers that are found throughout aquatic systems interact with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and how this intersection of pollutants might impact the bacterial communities that form on MP surfaces. We performed an in situ incubation experiment at different sites along the Baltic Sea coast and through a PAH and 16S amplicon analysis, we investigated the sorption patterns of different substrates and their potential impacts on associated biofilm communities.
Results:
PAH sorption patterns of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and aquaria stone were found to be dictated predominantly by substrate type and secondly by incubation site. While PE showed a general positive trend of sorption, stone rather leached PAHs into the environment, whereas the PAH levels of PS remained relatively unchanged following incubation. These sorption patterns correlated significantly with the composition of biofilm communities observed on all three substrate types after a 6-week incubation period. Strong correlations between specific PAHs and bacterial taxa indicate a direct relationship between these factors. Elevated levels of specific 3- and 4-ring PAHs on PE and PS coincided with higher proportions of specific taxa reportedly capable of hydrocarbon utilisation as well as a reduced diversity among biofilm communities.
Conclusion:
The findings in our study highlight the importance of investigating contaminants such as MPs holistically, including any associated substances, to fully understand how they impact surrounding ecological systems as they traverse the different compartments of the aquatic ecosystem.
KW - Aquatic biofilms
KW - Plastic pollution
KW - PAH
KW - Microbiome
KW - Emerging contaminants
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636658
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00747-w
SN - 2524-6372
VL - 20
IS - 84
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - BMC Part of Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-63665
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jahnke, Annika
A1 - Beck, Aaron J.
A1 - Becker, Richard L.
A1 - Bedulina, Daria
A1 - Braun, Ulrike
A1 - Gerdts, Gunnar
A1 - Hildebrandt, Lars
A1 - Joerss, Hanna
A1 - Klein, Ole
A1 - Korduan, Janine
A1 - Laforsch, Christian
A1 - Lannig, Gisela
A1 - Leslie, Heather A.
A1 - Lips, Stefan
A1 - Menger, Frank
A1 - Nabi, Deedar
A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja
A1 - Primpke, Sebastian
A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel
A1 - Ramsperger, Anja F.R.M.
A1 - Römerscheid, Mara
A1 - Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild
A1 - Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara M.
A1 - Tröppner, Oliver
A1 - Wendt-Potthoff, Katrin
A1 - Kühnel, Dana
T1 - Perspective article: Multisectoral considerations to enable a circular economy for plastics
N2 - Plastics are widely used but improper disposal and release lead to increasing global pollution, threatening environmental and human health. To address this issue, we suggest intersectoral collaboration to achieve zero plastic pollution. The outcomes of the project P-LEACH demonstrated the enormous complexity and range of potential toxic effects of plastic-associated chemicals and micro-/nanoplastics released into water from UV-weathered plastics. We initiated an intersectoral dialogue amongst scientists, manufacturers, regulators and representatives of civil society about how to alleviate the negative impacts of plastic pollution. Circular economy offers a framework for selecting non-toxic chemicals, extending product (re)use, and waste reduction, which act to alleviate pollution when applied to plastics. We suggest three measures to advance a circular economy of plastics: 1.) Increase simplicity of chemicals in virgin plastics combined with transparent information on the contents; 2.) Consider recyclability already in plastic material and product design; 3.) Foster communication through intersectoral dialogue. Major cornerstones are the provision of standardized, easy-to-use tools to characterize plastics and plastic leachates chemically and (eco)toxicologically, the enhancement of citizen awareness enabling them to make informed choices, the creation of economic incentives for manufacturers, and sector-specific regulations to provide products that safeguard environmental and human health.
KW - Plastics
KW - Circular economy
KW - Cross-sectoral dialogue
KW - Recyclability
KW - Plastic-associated chemicals
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-638280
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139326
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 496
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-63828
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Changchao
A1 - Jin, Ling N.
A1 - Bank, Michael S.
A1 - Fan, Chunlan
A1 - Gillings, Michael R.
A1 - Zhao, Tingting
A1 - Han, Yong
A1 - Chen, Tian
A1 - Gao, Meng
A1 - Zhu, Dong
A1 - Chen, Qinglin
A1 - Zhu, Guibing
A1 - Wang, Jie
A1 - Wang, Lei
A1 - Liu, Jian
A1 - Yuan, Xianzheng
A1 - Huang, Qishen
A1 - Wang, Xiaofei
A1 - Jahnke, Annika
A1 - Brahney, Janice
A1 - Allen, Steve
A1 - Arp, Hans Peter H.
A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja
A1 - Bergmann, Melanie
A1 - Pointing, Stephen B.
A1 - Zhang, Daizhou
A1 - Rillig, Matthias C.
T1 - Potential planetary health impacts of the airborne plastisphere
N2 - Microplastics are a ubiquitous yet long-overlooked component of airborne particulate matter. The surface of these plastic particles provides a unique niche for microorganisms, collectively known as the plastisphere. The plastisphere in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems harbors microbial communities with distinct compositions, structures, and functional profiles, posing potential planetary health risks. The characteristics, fate, and impacts of the microbiome associated with airborne microplastics, however, remain largely unknown. In this review, we fill the knowledge gaps by exploring how airborne microplastics serve as key habitats for microorganisms and the potential planetary health implications. We show that microplastics are expected to carry and sustain microorganisms over long distances and timescales in air, potentially dispersing pathogens, antibiotic-resistance genes, and other bioactive agents across ecosystems. These interactions may perturb ecological processes and biological health on a planetary scale. Interdisciplinary research and innovative methodologies are urgently required to better understand and mitigate the airborne plastisphere risks.
KW - Microplastics
KW - Microbiome
KW - Plastisphere
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645551
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101446
SN - 2590-3322
VL - 8
IS - 10
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-64555
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Poelke, B.
A1 - Klein, Luise
A1 - Hoffmann, H.
A1 - Wilke, Olaf
A1 - Roloff, A.
T1 - Bestimmung von VOC-Emissionen aus Verbraucherprodukten in mikroskaligen Emissionsprüfkammern: Ergebnisse eines Rundversuchs
T1 - Determining VOC Emissions from Consumer Products in Micro-Scale Emission Test Chambers: Results of a Round Robin Test
N2 - Die Bestimmung der Anfangskonzentrationen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen, die innerhalb der ersten Stunden des Gebrauchs aus Verbraucherprodukten emittiert werden, wurde in einem Ringversuch getestet, bei dem Mikro-Kammern verwendet wurden. Neun Labore nahmen an dem Ringversuch teil, der sich aus zwei Teilen zusammensetzte: Im ersten Teil wurde die analytische Leistungsfähigkeit beurteilt. Jedes beteiligte Labor erhielt zwei mit Analyten dotierte Tenax® TA Desorptionsröhrchen zur Qualitätskontrolle (QC). Im zweiten Teil führte jedes Labor Emissionsmessungen über einen Zeitraum von 48 Stunden in Mikro-Kammern mit Volumina von 44 oder 114 ml durch. Als Probenmaterial dienten Stücke eines Regenponchos, der Cyclohexanon, Phenol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Naphthalin und Isophoron in signifikanten Konzentrationen emittierte. Für den QC-Test wurden sehr geringe relative Standardabweichungen (9 14 %) erhalten. Die Ergebnisse der Emissionsmessungen waren ebenfalls sehr gut. In der frühen Phase (0,5 4 Stunden) wurden akzeptable z-Scores (|z| ≤ 2,00) von mindestens sieben Laboren erhalten, nach 24 und 48 Stunden erhielten alle Labore akzeptable z-Scores.
KW - Emissionsprüfkammer
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Verbraucherprodukt
KW - VOC-Emission
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2025-03-04-71
VL - 85
IS - 03-04
SP - 71
EP - 76
AN - OPUS4-63561
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Frenzel, Olivia
A1 - Westphalen, Tanja
A1 - Kaminski, Katja
A1 - Kluge, Stephanie
A1 - Bücker, Michael
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
T1 - Evaluation and Validation of an Accelerated Weathering Procedure to Characterise the Release of Bisphenol A from Polycarbonate Under Exposure to Simulated Environmental Conditions
N2 - Bisphenol A (BPA) has been listed as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its endocrine-disrupting properties according to REACH in 2017. European competent authorities have prepared a REACH restriction proposal to reduce BPA levels in the environment. The proposed limit for the concentration of free BPA and other bisphenols in articles is 10 mg kg−1. If exceeded, migration testing can demonstrate that no more than 0.04 mg L−1 is released from the product or material over its lifetime. German authorities are drafting a new restriction proposal after the original was temporarily withdrawn. The residual and migration limits mentioned above were key requirements from the previous restriction proposal. Numerous national and international standards exist for assessing how environmental factors affect the physical and chemical properties of products and materials—such as notch impact strength and tensile strength—but these standards do not cover the release of pollutants. A standardised procedure that covers all aspects of artificial weathering and monitors the subsequent release of pollutants is necessary, especially in the context of the regulation of these substances. An accelerated weathering procedure was established for non-protected samples. This material was not intended for outdoor applications. The testing procedure applied a typical weathering scenario that represents Central European climate conditions. The procedure was validated and applied to samples under distinct quality assurance aspects. Released BPA is quantified via an organic isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method. In parallel, identical samples were weathered outdoors on a weathering rack. Haze and yellowness index are measured to compare outdoor and weathering chamber results.
KW - Artificial weathering
KW - Polycarbonate
KW - Bisphenol A
KW - Simulated environmental conditions
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645020
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910361
SN - 2076-3417
VL - 15
IS - 19
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI AG
AN - OPUS4-64502
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Malefioudaki, Mariella
A1 - Misra, Archismita
A1 - Sbeity, Nadja
A1 - Zueco-Vincelle, Juan
A1 - Laguna-Bercero, Miguel A.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
A1 - Martín-Rapún, Rafael
A1 - Mitchell, Scott G.
T1 - Multifunctional polyoxomolybdate ionic liquid coatings for mitigating microbiologically influenced corrosion
N2 - Corrosion of metals and other materials in marine environments poses significant economic, operational, safety, and environmental challenges across the oil and gas industry, the renewable energy sector, and maritime infrastructure. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) accounts for a substantial portion of this corrosion, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) being key contributors. Conventional methods such as cathodic polarization have proven insufficient in mitigating the colonization of corrosive microbial communities in real marine environments, requiring the development of alternative, broad-spectrum antimicrobial strategies to prevent such biofilm formation. Recently, molybdate has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional biocides and nitrate. Our hypothesis is polyoxometalate-ionic liquids (POM-ILs), which exhibit antimicrobial and anticorrosion properties, could have a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity than demonstrated until now and could be capable of shielding and protecting sensitive metal surfaces from the extreme acidic environments produced by MIC microorganisms. Here we show how two prototype polyoxomolybdate-based POM-ILs, [(CH3(CH2)6)4N]2[Mo6O19] and [(CH3(CH2)6)4N]4[Mo8O26], demonstrated antimicrobial activity at microgram per millilitre concentrations, prevented biofilm formation on metal surfaces, and provided resistance to corrosive acidic environments. Furthermore, impedance measurements were commensurate with electron microscopy studies showing that POM-IL-coated brass coupons withstood extremely corrosive environments. These proof-of-concept results demonstrate how multi-functional POM-IL coatings represent promising MIC mitigation solutions by providing a hydrophobic acid-resistant and biocidal protective layer that prevents biocolonisation and acidic corrosion by MIC microorganisms.
KW - Polyoxometalates
KW - Ionic liquid
KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion
KW - Corrosion
KW - Heritage preservation
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-631951
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5mh00373c
SN - 2051-6347
VL - 12
IS - 13
SP - 4648
EP - 4661
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-63195
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dimitrijević, Stevan P.
A1 - Dimitrijević, Silvana B.
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
A1 - Ivanović, Aleksandra
A1 - Stefanović, Jelena
A1 - Stanković, Tanja
A1 - Gerengi, Husnu
T1 - Comparison of Corrosion Resistance of Cu and Cu72Zn28 Metals in Apricot Fermentation Liquid
N2 - The production of fruit brandies is based on distilling fermented fruit juices. Distillation equipment is usually made of copper. In traditional manufacturing, it consists of a boiler (batch) distiller, a boiler (pot), a steam pipe, and a condenser, all of which are made of pure copper. This study determined the corrosion parameters for copper (Cu) and Cu72Zn28 (in wt%) alloy in fermented apricot juice at room temperature. The fermentation process examined in this research utilized natural strains of yeast and bacteria, supplemented by active dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This research used the following methods: open circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and Tafel extrapolation to identify corrosion parameters. Cu had a 3.8-times-lower value of corrosion current density than brass, and both were within the range of 1–10 μA·cm−2, with an excellent agreement between LRP and Tafel. This study proved that Cu is an adequate material for the distillation of fruit brandies from a corrosion perspective. Despite this, there are occasional reports of corrosion damage from the field. Significant corrosion impacts can arise, as evidenced by laboratory tests discussed in this paper. In the absence of a highly corrosive environment, this study indicates that, to some extent, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can influence the degradation of the equipment material.
KW - MIC
KW - Metall
KW - Envitonment
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628911
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061253
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 18
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - MDPI AG
AN - OPUS4-62891
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mallikarjun, Jhenkhar
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Kuzyakov, Yakov
A1 - Koester, Moritz
A1 - Castro, Rodrigo
A1 - Yudina, Anna
A1 - Abdallah, Khaled
A1 - Matus, Francisco J.
A1 - Dippold, Michaela A.
T1 - Post-fire recovery of temperate and mediterranean ecosystems: An interplay between fire severity, soil nutrients, and vegetation from early-stage to decadal-scale dynamics
N2 - Wildfires strongly alter soil properties, which in turn affect ecosystem recovery over extended periods, though long-term impacts are less certain. This study investigated a 14-year post-fire chronosequence in Chile’s mediterranean and temperate humid forests, revealing ecosystem-specific soil properties and nutrient recovery mechanisms. By analysing sites at successional stages, the chronosequence approach assessed temporal changes and ecosystem recovery, revealing long-term wildfire effects on soil dynamics and nutrients recovery.
Wildfires raised soil bulk density to 0.9 g cm−3 in humid temperate and 1.2 g cm−3 in mediterranean ecosystems. Mediterranean soils experienced greater compaction from organic matter loss, soil aggregate destruction, ash-clogged pores, and topsoil erosion. Soil texture shifts were ecosystem-dependent: mediterranean soils increased 10–12 % in clay and silt through ash redistribution and aggregation, while temperate soils saw sand content rise by 0.74 % and 0.32 % yearly at 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths from thermal disaggregation and erosion. Ground vegetation recovers quickly, but physical soil properties like bulk density require over 14 years to return to pre-fire conditions.
In humid temperate forests, ash input initially increased soil pH (4.8 to 5.8), reducing acidity, mitigating aluminium toxicity, while increasing nutrient availability. Base cation stocks increased in mediterranean woodlands (e.g., Ca: up to 0.41 Mg ha−1 y−1) due to ash retention, lower leaching, and ash infiltration into subsoil. Nutrient stocks in humid forests recovered slowly (Ca: 0.087–0.13 Mg ha−1 y−1) due to rainfall-driven leaching and low subsoil reserves. Carbon and N losses were restricted to the litter horizon in temperate forests, recovering via fire-resistant tree inputs, whereas mediterranean soils suffered severe C and N depletion from vegetation loss, erosion, and low N fixation.
Fire effects and recovery are ecosystem-specific, shaped by landscape, geology, hydrology, and vegetation resilience. Understanding how fire regimes affect soil and nutrient recovery is vital for improving projections in fire-prone regions.
KW - Historical fire & Wildfire
KW - Nutrients Ecosystem recovery & Vegetation succession
KW - Chronosequence approach
KW - Losses of nutrients & Nutrients stocks
KW - Wildfire
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642918
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109431
SN - 0341-8162
VL - 260
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-64291
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J
A1 - Pfeiffer, Friedhelm
A1 - Dyall-Smith, Mike
A1 - Spirgath, Kristin
A1 - Alfaro-Espinoza, Gabriela
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
T1 - From Genes to Black Rust: Genomic insights into corrosive methanogens
N2 - Within the past ten years, genetic evidence has been increasing for the direct role that microbes play in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion or biodeterioration. One prominent example is the correlation between the corrosion of metal and the presence of genes encoding an extracellular [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MIC hydrogenase) in the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus maripaludis. In this study, DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to classify the MIC hydrogenase as belonging to a core set of genes, the MIC core, found so far in Methanococci and Methanobacteria classes of methanogens. Genetic evidence is provided for the mobilization of the MIC core via multiple mechanisms, including a horizontal gene transfer event from Methanobacteria to Methanococci and a newly described MIC-transposon. A detailed comparison of M. maripaludis genomes further pointed to the relevance that cell wall modifications involving N-glycosylation of S-layer proteins and the MIC hydrogenase likely play in methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC). Microscopic analysis of corrosive methanogens encoding the MIC core indicated that Methanobacterium-affiliated strain IM1 can form extensive biofilms on the surface of corrosion products whereas individual cells of M. maripaludis Mic1c10 were only found localized to crevices in the corrosion layer. An updated model of Mi-MIC involving two modes of action is presented, which predicts that the propensity of cells to adhere to iron surfaces directly influences the rate of corrosion due to the localization of the MIC hydrogenase at the metal-microbe interface.
KW - Biocorrosion
KW - Hydrogenases
KW - Metalloprotein
KW - Microbes
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649425
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtaf018
SN - 2633-6685
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Oxford University Press (OUP)
AN - OPUS4-64942
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Duarte-Ruiz, D.
A1 - Saßnick, H.-D.
A1 - Ferreira De Araujo, F.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Cocchi, C
T1 - X-ray absorption spectroscopy of scandium oxide polymorphs
N2 - Scandium oxide (Sc2O3) is a rare-earth oxide with significant potential in key technological areas, but due to its limited supply a deep understanding of its characteristics in different crystalline phases is still missing. Here, we present a combined experimental and ab initio X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of Sc2O3 focusing on excitations from the O K-edge and the Sc L2,3-edge. While measurements are performed on a cubic sample, the most stable phase under ambient conditions, six different polymorphs are computed, including two high-pressure phases with a trigonal and monoclinic lattice in addition to the cubic phase, as well as three computationally predicted structures. Our analysis of the structural and electronic properties reveals significant similarities between the cubic polymorph and the high-pressure trigonal phase, while the monoclinic crystal exhibits distinct features. The spectra simulated for these similar phases from the solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation show very good agreement with measurements. Additional comparison with results computed in the independent-particle approximation highlights the dominant role of electron–hole correlations in shaping the absorption features, particularly at the O K-edge, where a common pattern with the features of other sesquioxides is identified. Our findings offer new insight into the spectral fingerprints of Sc2O3 polymorphs, aiding in situ characterization and informing sustainable materials management.
KW - Scandium
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650806
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra06446e
VL - 15
IS - 56
SP - 47814
EP - 47825
AN - OPUS4-65080
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Poliakova, A.
A1 - Ciotti, G.
A1 - Helman-Wazny, Agnieszka
A1 - Fromm, J.
T1 - Phytolith assemblages from palm leaves and palm-leaf manuscripts: what is the difference and what it could mean?
N2 - We studied freshly collected, dried and herbarized leaf fragments of two palms, namely Borassus flabellifer L. and Corypha umbraculifera L., most commonly used for palm-leaf manuscript (PLM) production in South (S) and Southeast Asia (SE) in order to reveal differences in their phytolith assemblages. For each of the two palms, 25 leaf samples were taken from the two Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Dried leaf material was obtained from the fresh one by drying the leaves in air. Herbarium samples were obtained from two independent herbaria, specimen origin comprises S and SE Asia with the main focus on South India and Sri Lanka. Additionally, 25 manuscripts made of Borassus flabellifer leaves and 25 manuscripts made of Corypha umbraculifera leaves were investigated for phytoliths. All manuscripts are preliminary dated back to between the 16th and the beginning of the 20th century CE; most of them assumedly were produced in S India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala), Sri Lanka, Burma or Indonesia. Phytolith assemblages significantly differed between fresh, dry and herbarized palm leaves in comparison to PLM material, both qualitatively and quantitatively (mean r2 = - 0.61 ± 9.3 for Borassus samples and r2 = - 0.75 ± 5.3 for Corypha samples, at p < 0.001). Fifty-three phytolith types described for PLM material were not observed in any of the fresh, dry or herbarized palm-leaf samples. Geographical analysis of PLM-specific phytoliths suggests that the combination of those phytoliths could be region-related. In this paper, we prove that the methods of palaeoecological reconstructions based on detailed microscopy of the PLMs surface and phytolith analysis applied in combination with methods of mathematical and computer data analysis can contribute to answer the questions posed by material codicology by revealing lost manuscript production recipes and by studying manuscript provenance in terms of the geographical origin of the artefacts. Our approach can potentially open a new perspective for palaeoecological studies expanding their traditional scope and making them applicable to a new research field.
KW - Palm-leaf manuscripts
KW - Material codicology
KW - Palaeoecology
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652517
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1482790
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 15
SP - 1
EP - 29
PB - Frontiers Media SA
AN - OPUS4-65251
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stohl, Leonie
A1 - Tonon, Chiara
A1 - Cook, Jake
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Dehn, Frank
A1 - von Werder, Julia
T1 - Understanding bioreceptivity of concrete: realistic and accelerated weathering experiments with model subaerial biofilms
N2 - Vertical greening systems are a promising solution to the increasing demand for urban green spaces, improving environmental quality and addressing biodiversity loss. This study facilitates the development microbially greened algal biofilm facades, which offer a low maintenance vertical green space. The study focuses on concrete as a widely used building material and explores how physical surface characteristics impact its bioreceptive properties. Concrete samples, produced from the same mix but differing in surface structure, were subjected to a laboratory weathering experiment to assess their bioreceptivity. A novel inoculation method was employed, involving a single initial inoculation with either alga ( Jaagichlorella sp.) alone, or a model biofilm consisting of a combination of the alga ( Jaagichlorella sp.) with a fungus ( Knufia petricola). The samples underwent four months of weathering in a dynamic laboratory setup irrigated with deionized water to observe subaerial biofilm attachment and growth. The formation of subaerial biofilms was monitored with high resolution surface imaging, colorimetric measurements and Imaging Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometry (Imaging PAM-F), with Imaging PAM-F proving the most effective. Statistical analysis revealed that by impacting surface pH value and water retention capability, surface structures significantly influence microbial growth and that the concrete’s bioreceptivity can be influenced through thoughtful design of the materials surface. The inoculation of algae combined with a fungus facilitated the formation of a stable subaerial biofilm, enabling algae to colonize a surface structure that it could not colonize alone. This finding highlights the importance of modelling synergistic interactions present in natural biofilms.
KW - Bioreceptivity
KW - Concrete
KW - Biofilm
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653105
DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-025-02864-x
SN - 1359-5997
VL - 59
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-65310
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Walsh, Michael
A1 - Schenk, Gerhard
A1 - Robinson, Nicole
A1 - John, Samuel
A1 - Dayananda, Buddhi
A1 - Krishnan, Vithya
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Hermann, Ludwig
A1 - Schmidt, Susanne
T1 - The Circular Phosphorus Economy: Agronomic Performance of Recycled Fertilizers and Target Crops
N2 - ABSTRACTBackgroundThe circular phosphorus (P) economy addresses economic and environmental penalties inherent to the current linear P economy. Phosphorus sources recovered from waste steams (recyclates) offer an alternative to conventional fertilizers.AimThis research aimed to assess the agronomic performance of P recyclates derived from wastewater (hazenite, struvite), treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) and compost (FOGO food organics/garden organics) with crops previously characterized for P use efficiency (PUE).MethodsPhosphorus was supplied as granules and benchmarked against conventional fertilizers or mineral solution. Grown in controlled conditions, crops received recyclates individually or as amalgamates, with or without additional water‐soluble P. We quantified P uptake, yield and phytate content, and calculated agronomic performance indicators.ResultsResults revealed that (1) crop genotypes with purportedly lower or higher PUE showed similar performance when grown with limiting P supply and/or less soluble P recyclates, (2) crop performance improved when less soluble P recyclates were combined with water‐soluble P, (3) crops produced similar yield and biomass when supplied with an organo‐mineral formulation, hazenite, or conventional fertilizer, (4) grain accumulated higher levels of the antinutrient phytate with excess soluble P.ConclusionWe conclude that suitably formulated P recyclates can supplement or replace conventional fertilizers, and that fertilizer design should consider the solubility of recyclates and a crop's ability to access less soluble P. This adds to the growing body of evidence that well‐formulated next‐generation fertilizers can efficiently nourish crops. Integrating insights from controlled experiments and field trials is a cost‐effective strategy to actualize the circular P economy.
KW - Recycling fertilizer
KW - Phosphate recovery
KW - Sewage sludge ash
KW - Struvite
KW - Hazenite
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-627116
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400299
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-62711
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leers, K.
A1 - Arnold, U.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Burkhardt, J.
T1 - Thermochemically Treated Sewage Sludge Ash From Pilot-Scale Production as P-Fertilizer for Spring Wheat and Maize in Different Soil Conditions
N2 - Background
P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge ash (SSA) may be suitable substitutes for rock phosphate (RP)-based fertilizers and contribute to sustainable use of waste. In this context, the thermochemical AshDec treatment of SSA (TC-SSA) has been continuously improved and has emerged as a possible method to produce plant-available and low-pollutant P-fertilizers. Aim Evaluation of the P-fertilizer efficacy of TC-SSA produced in pilot trials in vegetation experiments with different plants, soils, and fertilizer doses.
Methods
TC-SSA was tested in pot experiments for spring wheat and maize on different soils and at two doses (0.2 and 0.4 g fertilizer P pot−1) and is compared to untreated SSA (USSA), RP, Struvite, triple superphosphate (TSP), and a control without P-fertilization (Zero P). Pot experiments are complemented by an analysis of fertilizer P-solubility.
Results
P-solubility of SSA with different extraction methods increased due to the thermochemical treatment, whereas the water-insoluble property remained. In contrast to RP or USSA, TC-SSA enriched calcium–acetate–lactate extractable soil P to the same extent as TSP. Plant biomass and P-uptake increased with TC-SSA compared to Zero P, RP, and USSA and were in most cases equal to TSP fertilization under different soil conditions. In contrast, the effects of RP and USSA varied among soils but, mostly, did not exceed plant biomass and P-uptake of the unfertilized control.
Conclusion
TC-SSA has an increased fertilizer efficacy compared to USSA and is an effective P-fertilizer for spring wheat and maize in different soil conditions.
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Fertilizer
KW - Thermochemical
KW - Maize
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-648251
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70035
SN - 1522-2624
VL - 189
IS - 1
SP - 81
EP - 93
PB - Wiley-VCH
AN - OPUS4-64825
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meiers, Emelie
A1 - Scholl, Juliane
A1 - Droas, Morten
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Bagheri, A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Seubert, A.
A1 - Koch, Matthias
T1 - Development and evaluation of analytical strategies for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from lithium-ion battery recycling materials
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are well-known as “forever chemicals” and persistent pollutants released by different anthropogenic sources. The potential release of PFAS from accumulating electronic waste and lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling activities has gained increasing attention in the past years. This creates a need for analytical methods tailored for the determination of PFAS out of environmental matrices related to the named activities or directly out of the concerned materials. In this work, analytical strategies for the monitoring of PFAS in LIB recycling materials were explored for a group of legacy perfluoro sulfonic- and carbonic acids (PFSA and PFCA) and of fluorinated sulfonylimides suspected to be LIB electrolyte ingredients. These analytical strategies comprehend PFAS target approaches with a herein optimized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method equipped with a HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column in combination with the TOP (total oxidizable precursor) assay and an adapted sample preparation method for high-matrix LIB recycling materials. The validated target method was applied to a set of LIB recycling materials: end-of-life batteries, black masses from hydrometallurgical recycling, and gas absorption solutions from thermal treatment of black masses as part of the recycling procedure. Investigation results show that the LIB industry can be connected to the release of both “LIB”-PFAS, such as the target sulfonylimides, and “already-legacy” PFAS, like the PFSA and PFCA. Especially, the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as an emerging pollutant in every investigated LIB material type underlines the threat of PFAS emissions from LIB waste and recycling activities.
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Battery
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06165-8
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 417
SP - 6567
EP - 6583
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-64701
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -