TY - JOUR
A1 - Sichler, Theresa Constanze
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Barjenbruch, M.
A1 - Montag, D.
A1 - Mauch, Tatjana
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Ehm, J.H.
T1 - Variation of the element composition of municipal sewage sludges in the context of new regulations on phosphorus recovery in Germany
N2 - Phosphorus (P) recovery is obligatory for all sewage sludges with more than 20 g P/kg dry matter (DM) from 2029 in Germany. Nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were chosen to investigate variations of phosphorus contents and other parameters in sewage sludge over the year. Monthly sewage sludge samples from each WWTP were analyzed for phosphorus and other matrix elements (C, N, H, Ca, Fe, Al, etc.), for several trace elements (As, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn) and loss of ignition. Among the nine WWTPs, there are four which have phosphorus contents both above and below the recovery limit of 20 g/kg DM along the year. Considering the average phosphorus content over the year, only one of them is below the limit. Compared to other matrix elements and parameters, phosphorus fuctuations are low with an average of 7% over all nine WWTPs. In total, only hydrogen and carbon are more constant in the sludge.
In several WWTPs with chemical phosphorus elimination, phosphorus fuctuations showed similar courses like iron and/or aluminum. WWTPs with chamber flter presses rather showed dilution efects of calcium dosage. As result of this study, monthly phosphorus measurement is highly recommended to determine whether a WWTP is below the
20 g/kg DM limit.
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Wastewater
KW - Phosphorus elimination
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557499
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00658-4
SN - 2190-4707
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-55749
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra
A1 - Rasmussen, K.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - Counting Small Particles in Electron Microscopy Images — Proposal for Rules and Their Application in Practice
N2 - Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for the characterisation of the morphology (size and shape) of nanoparticles. Visual observation of objects under examination is always a necessary first step in the characterisation process. Several questions arise when undertaking to identify and count particles to measure their size and shape distribution. In addition to challenges with the dispersion and identification of the particles, more than one protocol for counting particles is in use. This paper focuses on precise rules for the counting of particles in EM micrographs, as this influences the measurement accuracy of the number of particles, thus implicitly affecting the size values of the counted particles. We review and compare four different, commonly used methods for counting, which we then apply in case studies. The impact of the selected counting rule on the obtained final particle size distribution is highlighted. One main aim of this analysis is to support the application of a specific, well-defined counting approach in accordance with regulatory
requirements to contribute to achieving more reliable and reproducible results. It is also useful for the new harmonised measurement procedures for determining the particle size and particle size distribution of nanomaterials.
KW - Nano
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - OECD
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551891
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132238
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 12
IS - 13
SP - 2238
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55189
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Kochovski, Z.
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
T1 - Ni- and Co-Struvites: Revealing Crystallization Mechanisms and Crystal Engineering toward Applicational Use of Transition Metal Phosphates
N2 - Industrial and agricultural waste streams (waste water, sludges, tailings, etc.) which contain high concentrations of NH4+, PO43–, and transition metals are environmentally harmful and toxic pollutants. At the same time, phosphorous and transition metals constitute highly valuable resources. Typically, separate pathways have been considered to extract hazardous transition metals or phosphate independently from each other. Investigations on the simultaneous removal of multiple components have been carried out only to a limited extent. Here, we report the synthesis routes for Ni- and Co-struvites (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Ni2+ and Co2+), which allow for P, ammonia, and metal co-precipitation. By evaluating different reaction parameters, the phase and stability of transition metal struvites as well as their crystal morphologies and sizes could be optimized. Ni-struvite is stable in a wide reactant concentration range and at different metal/phosphorus (M/P) ratios, whereas Co-struvite only forms at low M/P ratios. Detailed investigations of the precipitation process using ex situ and in situ techniques provided insights into the crystallization mechanisms/crystal engineering of these materials. M-struvites crystallize via intermediate colloidal amorphous nanophases, which subsequently aggregate and condense to final crystals after extended reaction times. However, the exact reaction kinetics of the formation of a final crystalline product varies significantly depending on the involved metal cation in the precipitation process: several seconds (Mg) to minutes (Ni) to hours (Co). The achieved level of control over the morphology and size makes precipitation of transition metal struvites a promising method for direct metal recovery and binding them in the form of valuable phosphate raw materials. Under this paradigm, the crystals can be potentially up-cycled as precursor powders for electrochemical or (electro)catalytic applications, which require transition metal phosphates.
KW - Crystallization
KW - Struvite
KW - Nickel
KW - Cobalt
KW - Phosphorous recovery
KW - Up-cycling
KW - Aqueous synthesis
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00284
VL - 22
IS - 7
SP - 4305
EP - 4315
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington D.C.
AN - OPUS4-55286
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneider, Beate
A1 - Pfeiffer, F.
A1 - Dyall-Smith, M.
A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg
T1 - Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas veronii Strain G2, a Member of a Bacterial Consortium Capable of Polyethylene Degradation
N2 - Nine different bacterial isolates were recovered from landfills. Each isolate was obtained in pure culture. As a consortium, the bacteria degrade polyethylene. The complete genome sequence of strain G2 was determined by PacBio sequencing. Using the TYGS server for taxonomic classification, strain G2 was assigned to the species Pseudomonas veronii.
KW - Polyethylene
KW - Next generation sequencing
KW - Pseudomonas veronii
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548973
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00365-22
SP - 1
EP - 2
PB - ASM
AN - OPUS4-54897
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Gleis, M.
A1 - Karpf, R.
A1 - Kanefke, R.
A1 - Beckmann, M.
T1 - Kreislaufwirtschaft braucht Verbrennung
N2 - Warum eine Kreislaufwirtschaft ohne Abfallverbrennung nicht funktionieren wird, beschreibt die Dechema im Positionspapier „Abfallverbrennung in der Zukunft“. Experten der Fachgruppe „Abfallbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung“ von ProcessNet, einer gemeinsamen Initiative der Dechema und der VDI-Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen, haben es erstellt.
KW - Abfallverbrennung
KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft
KW - Ersatzbaustoffe
PY - 2022
SN - 1436-5103
VL - 52
IS - 5-6
SP - 30
EP - 32
PB - VDI Fachmedien
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-54838
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Bresch, Harald
A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Koch, Matthias
A1 - Rosner, M.
T1 - Trends in selected fields of reference material production
N2 - For more than 110 years, BAM has been producing reference materials for a wide range of application fields. With the development of new analytical methods and new applications as well as continuously emerging more stringent requirements of laboratory accreditation with regard to quality control and metrological traceability, the demand and requirements for reference materials are increasing. This trend article gives an overview of general developments in the field of reference materials as well as developments in selected fields of application in which BAM is active. This includes inorganic and metal analysis, gas analysis, food and consumer products, and geological samples. In addition to these more traditional fields of application, developments in the areas of optical spectroscopy, particulary fluorescence methods, and nanomaterials are considered.
T2 - 150 years BAM: Science with impact
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 01.01.2021
KW - Reference material
KW - ISO REMCO
KW - Gas analysis
KW - Food
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Fluorescence
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548407
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03996-7
SN - 1618-2642
SN - 1618-2650
VL - 414
IS - Topical collection: Analytical methods and applications in the materials and life sciences
SP - 4281
EP - 4289
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-54840
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Breitenbach, Romy
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Dementyeva, Polina
A1 - Knabe, Nicole
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Ryo, M.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering
N2 - The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.
KW - Biofilms
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549025
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1
SN - 2397-2106
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-54902
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
T1 - Measurement of the Environmental Impact of Materials
N2 - This Special Issue, ‘Measurement of the Environmental Impact of Materials’, is focused on the impact that materials have on the environmental compartments of soil, water and air. Leaching and emission processes, including underlying mechanisms, are a recurring topic in most published articles in the present Special Issue. Contributions have come from three continents and numerous countries (USA, Germany, France, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Japan, Korea and Thailand) indicating the global dimension of the subject.
KW - Leaching
KW - Recycling
KW - Nano-materials
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545099
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062208
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 15
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-54509
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tang, Chi-Long
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
T1 - Systematic ranking of filaments regarding their particulate emissions during fused filament fabrication 3D printing by means of a proposed standard test method
N2 - The diversity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) filaments continues to grow rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers for the use as home fabrication devices has been greatly increased in the past decade. Potential harmful emissions and associated health risks when operating indoors have induced many emission studies. However, the lack of standardization of measurements impeded an objectifiable comparison of research findings. Therefore, we designed a chamber-based standard method, i.e., the strand printing method (SPM), which provides a standardized printing procedure and quantifies systematically the particle emission released from individual FFF-3D filaments under controlled conditions. Forty-four marketable filament products were tested. The total number of emitted particles (TP) varied by approximately four orders of magnitude (1E9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E13), indicating that origin of polymers, manufacturer-specific additives, and undeclared impurities have a strong influence. Our results suggest that TP characterizes an individual filament product and particle emissions cannot be categorized by the polymer type (e.g., PLA or ABS) alone. The user's choice of a filament product is therefore decisive for the exposure to released particles during operation. Thus, choosing a filament product awarded for low emissions seems to be an easily achievable preemptive measure to prevent health hazards.
KW - Emission test method
KW - FFF-printing
KW - Particle emission
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - FFF-filament
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545087
DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.13010
SN - 1600-0668
VL - 32
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
AN - OPUS4-54508
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -