TY - CONF A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - The Temple Scroll: Reconstructing an Ancient Manufacturing Practice N2 - The presentation shows the studies of ancient parchment and leather conducted by the authors within last 20 years. Presentation specifically focusses on poduction of the parchment of the Temple scroll. The practice unites the early production of modern parchment with the lost way of skin splitting. T2 - The Temple Scroll: A Research Colloquium CY - New York City, USA DA - 24.02.2025 KW - Dead Sea Scrolls KW - Parchment KW - Tanning PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64779 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - The digital product passport N2 - This presentation contains information for industry and the scientific communitiy about the new digital product passport and the demands from the EU. Furthermore a short overview is given about the different supporting activities which are currently under developement by BAM. T2 - 3. Netzwerktag Cluster Nanotechnologie CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.07.2025 KW - DPP KW - ESPR KW - Product Passport KW - Ökodesignrichtlinie KW - DMP PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64964 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Elutionsverfahren in Forschung und regulatorischem Kontext N2 - Elutionsverfahren sind ein Tool für Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen verschiedenster Materialien im Kontakt mit Wasser. Im früheren Fachbereich 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien wurden dazu umfangreiche Kompetenzen vor allem im Zusammenhang mit mineralischen Reststoffen sowie vielfältigen Bauprodukten aufgebaut und experimentelle Erfahrungen gesammelt. Darüber hinaus wurde auch der Austrag von Partikeln betrachtet und die gleichzeitige Bewertung von Mikroplastik- und Schadstoffausträgen aus Kunsstofftrasen untersucht. Es sind aber auch weitere Anwendungen beispielsweise zur Prüfung der Beständigkeit von Materialien denkbar. Im Workshop wurden Anwendungsbereiche von Elutionsverfahren diskutiert mit dem Ziel der besseren Vernetzung, der gemeinsamen Nutzung von Ressourcen und Identifikation von Synergien zwischen den Fachbereichen bzw. Aktivitätsfeldern. T2 - Workshop - Bewertung der Freisetzung von (Schad)stoffen aus Materialien mit Elutionsverfahren CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.01.2025 KW - Elution KW - Materialien KW - Schadstoffe PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65023 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Julseth, Mara Jean T1 - Dynamics of Chromosome Evolution in Reticulitermes of Europe N2 - Termites challenge long-standing assumptions about insect social evolution. One important difference compared to the social ants, bees and wasps lies in their chromosomes: termites are diploid, with X/Y sex differentiation observed in most species and males playing active roles across all castes and life stages. Adding to their uniqueness, termites exhibit multivalent chromosome chains during male meiosis—an intriguing and seldom seen feature of eukaryote evolution. These chains, in addition to other chromosomal formations, such as bivalent rings and rods, may serve to suppress recombination, thereby mitigating against the potentially harmful effects of inbreeding. Multivalent chromosome chains may also play a significant role in speciation processes by increasing the likelihood of chromosomal translocations and promoting genomic islands of divergence. In European Reticulitermes, variability in chain length and stability both between and within species provides a compelling model system for studying the evolutionary importance of multivalent chromosome chains at intra- and interspecific levels and at different evolutionary time scales. To investigate these dynamics, we collected over 200 colonies of Reticulitermes species across the Mediterranean, generating de novo reference genomes, comprehensive population genomic as well as karyotypic data from three recently diverged species. Our findings shed light on the intricate relationship between chromosomal architecture and evolutionary mechanisms in termites, offering new insight into how genome structure shapes species evolution T2 - Gevol SPP Meeting 2025 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 04.09.2025 KW - Termites KW - Chromosome evolution PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Biocide Resistance - Road to Risk Assessment N2 - This presentation details the current status of biocide resistance risk assessment and provides a roadmap for future activities. T2 - OECD, 6th Meeting of the Working Party on Biocides CY - Paris, France DA - 28.09.2022 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antimicrobial coating KW - Standardization KW - Biocides KW - Risk assessment PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56263 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobisch, Lydia-Yasmin T1 - Identification of Genes Involved in Susceptibility to Biocides in Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria N2 - Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) poses a significant challenge in various industries, leading to structural damage and economic losses due to the activity of microorganisms on metal surfaces. The major culprits of MIC are the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). A common mitigation method is the usage of biocides to prevent MIC. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine susceptibility of SRB to biocides have been poorly understood. Our aim is to identify genes that are linked to biocide susceptibility in the model SRB strain Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis (G20). We investigated the susceptibility of G20 towards three biocides commonly used in MIC protection: benzalkonium chloride (BAC), glutaraldehyde (GTA), and tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulphate (THPS). We determined selection of mutants in specific genes in two G20 barcoded transposon mutant libraries in the presence of these biocides and media as control along a concentration gradient up to 500 ppm. Our study investigated over 1843 genes in G20, revealing insights into their response to biocide treatments. We identified 1668 genes negatively affected by biocide treatment, while 175 genes showed improved fitness. Among the treatments leading to reduced fitness in the mutants, GTA had the highest number of solely negatively affected genes (186), followed by BAC (67) and THPS (69). There were common negative impacts on 280 genes of all four treatments (BAC, GTA, THPS, control). Notably, BAC and GTA shared 113 affected genes, BAC and THPS shared 59, and GTA and THPS shared 72. On the single gene level, mutants treated with THPS exhibited reduced fitness for the rluD gene (DDE_1447), encoding ribosomal large subunit pseudouridine synthase d, which plays a crucial role in protein biosynthesis. In the presence of BAC, mutants showed reduced fitness due to the lack of the acrB gene (DDE_0401), encoding a cationic efflux pump crucial for biocide resistance. Our findings provide leads for future research into the detailed molecular mechanisms that underlie biocide susceptibility in microorganisms responsible for MIC. Such detailed understanding will enable the development of improved MIC prevention strategies and foster a more sustainable use of biocides. T2 - International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Biocide Resistance KW - Transposon Mutant Libraries KW - Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) KW - Microbially Induced Corrosion (MIC) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61526 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaut, Valerie A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Antibiotic tolerance of biofilms emerging fro multicellular effects of antibiotic efflux N2 - The overarching goal of this project is to develop a predictive model for efflux-mediated antimicrobial tolerance in bacterial multicellular assemblies. Our central hypostasis is that efflux pump activity causes emergent antibiotic tolerance of multicellular bacterial populations, through the interplay of efflux mediated spatial interactions and efflux-linked persistence. To test this hypothesis, we will use a combination of microscopy, microbial killing assays, computational modelling, and data analysis, integrating information from 3 types of multicellular assembly: colonies, cell-to-cell interactions in a monolayer microfluidic device, and 3D flow chamber biofilms. Building on our preliminary observations, we will experimentally characterize the link between colony structure and spatial patterns of efflux gene expression in strains that differ in their levels of efflux. We will develop a mathematical model to test whether local growth inhibition of neighbors due to effluxing cells, coupled with local environment-dependent regulation of efflux, can account qualitatively for these results. By including persister cell formation in our model we will predict, and measure, the emergent function of antimicrobial tolerance in our colonies. To fully understand how tolerance emerges from the interplay between efflux-mediated spatial interactions and efflux-linked persister cell formation, we need quantitative measurements at the single cell level. To this end, we will use a microfluidic setup with cells growing in a monolayer to qualify in detail the dependence of efflux expression and persister cell formation on nutrient conditions, the correlation between efflux and persister formation, and the spatial range of efflux-mediated neighbour growth inhibition. To predict and quantitatively understand the emergent multicellular function of tolerance, we will perform individual-based modelling of biofilm growth, using as input the parameters measured on the single-cell level with our microfluidics experiments. Our simulations will predict biofilm spatial structure development, patterns of efflux and persister formation and, ultimately, tolerance to antimicrobial challenge. These predictions will be directly tested in flow-cell biofilm experiments. We are currently generating acrAB-tolC knockout-strain, without efflux activity, and a strain with an inducible acrAB-tolC efflux pump. To distinguish the different strains under the microscope, they were labeled with genes encoding for different fluorescent proteins. All strains are currently characterized in terms of growth, minimum inhibitory concentration of different antimicrobial substances, colony morphology, and biofilm formation ability. On the theoretical side, we are currently working on modeling the system at various scales and degree of detail, ranging from coarse-grained continuum models to stochastic, individual-based models. Some exploratory work was doe to test existing software for individual-based modelling that may be adapted for our purpose. Furthermore, we are in the process of developing more coarse-grained models. This work involves some physiological modelling and literature search, focusing on working mechanisms of efflux pumps and kinetic models for import and export of antibiotics. T2 - SPP Meeting CY - Jena, Germany DA - 04.10.2023 KW - Antibiotic KW - Bioilm KW - Tolerance KW - Efflux PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Die Entstehung von antimikrobiellen Resistenzen durch die Verwendung von Bioziden N2 - Dieser Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die BAM und die Aktivitäten im Bereich Biozidresistenz. T2 - Berliner Hochschule für Technik Studiengang Biotechnologie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.05.2023 KW - Antimikrobielle Resistenz KW - Antmikrobielle Oberflächen KW - Standardisierung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - How to regulate and assess resistance risks of co-selecting agents during application and in the environment N2 - This talk deals with the question on How to regulate and assess resistance risks of co-selecting agents during application and in the environment. It shows that there the overview of worldwide activities to regulate co-selecting agents is missing. Regulations for product authorization usually consider resistance in target organisms, but there is a risk of emergence of resistance from non-target organisms as well. Moreover, pollution effects on resistance development in the environment are not explicitly covered during product authorization and few risk assessment schemes and methods available. T2 - EDAR7 - Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance Conference 2024 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 26.05.2024 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Bacteria KW - Standardization KW - Biocides PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanaris, Orestis T1 - Metabolic niches and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment N2 - Background and Aim: Wastewater treatment plants are considered as hotspots for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) can persist in the environment for long periods of time, despite metabolic fitness costs that can arise with resistance. We are interested in understanding the mechanisms, which allow ARB to persist in the environment. More specifically, we want to identify metabolic niches that can select for resistant bacteria. Procedure/Method: 62 E. coli strains isolated from different WWTPs in Norway were used. The isolates have different levels of resistance to 14 antibiotics. The susceptibility of the isolates to 3 disinfectants was determined. In addition, genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) were constructed and the growth of the strains was simulated in the presence of 198 different carbon sources. Furthermore, the growth rates of the isolates were measured in the presence of 3 carbon sources. Findings/Results: Many of the isolates have high resistance to multiple antibiotics but only few of the isolates have higher minimum inhibitory concentrations to the disinfectants, compared to an E. coli laboratory strain. With the GEMs, we identified 40 carbon sources that can be utilized for growth only by a portion of all the isolates. The prediction accuracy of the GEMs was 93% in the case of D-Malate. A group of 10 isolates was identified of which 5 isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline and can grow on Sucrose but not on D-Malate and the other 5 isolates are susceptible to the same 3 antibiotics but can grow on D-Malate and not on Sucrose. Implications/Applications: Our data suggest that changing the available carbon source could shift the selection advantage between resistant and susceptible bacterial strains. If this strategy is confirmed experimentally, it could be applied to reduce the number of ARB in environments like wastewater. T2 - Conference on the Environmental dimentions of antimicrobial resistance 7 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 26.05.2024 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Wastewater PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -