TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Montag, D. A1 - Ehm, J. A1 - Barjenbruch, M. A1 - Pinnekamp, J. T1 - Phosphorrückgewinnung - Ergebnisse des Projekts extraWERT N2 - Es wurden erste Ergebnisse des Projekts extraWERT vorgestellt. Im Projekt werden monatlich Klärschlammproben von 10 kommunalen Kläranlagen untersucht, deren P-Gehalt im Grenzbereich der AbfKlärV liegt zwischen 1,7 und 2,3%. Die ersten Ergebnisse lagen zu fünf Kläranlagen vor, es wurden Daten zum TS-Gehalt, zur oTS und zu den Nährstoffgehalten präsentiert. T2 - DWA-Netzwerktag des Nord-Ost CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.01.2020 KW - Klärschlamm KW - AbfKlärV KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung KW - Nährstoffe PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50300 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steger, Simon T1 - Spectroscopic analysis of colourants and binders of Chinese reverse glass paintings tracing a cultural dialogue N2 - Scientific analysis based on spectroscopic methods provide essential information on the composition of colourants and binders in paintings. These results can be set in a historical context and help to confirm art historical interpretations. Proofs of certain pigments can be used for dating purposes and may reveal if the artist used not only local but also imported materials. A pilot study of two Chinese reverse glass paintings from the late 19th (Yingying and Hongniang) and early 20th centuries (The Archer) was performed using a multi-analytical approach including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Raman spectroscopy. This approach allowed the identification of the pigments and the classification of the binding media. The results reveal a combined use of traditional Chinese and imported European materials. Several pigments like cinnabar, lead white, orpiment, carbon black and copper-arsenic green (probably emerald green) were found in both paintings; red lead, artificial ultramarine blue, Prussian blue and ochre appear in at least one of the paintings. The proof of limewash (calcite and small amounts of portlandite) as a backing layer in “Yingying and Hongniang” indicates that clamshell white was also used for reverse glass paintings. Drying oil was classified as a binding media in most areas of both paintings. However, the orange background of The Archer yielded prominent bands of both proteinaceous and fatty binder. T2 - China and the West Reconsidering Chinese Reverse Glass Painting CY - Romont, Switzerland DA - 14.02.2020 KW - Reverse glass painting KW - DRIFTS KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50445 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Phosphorus recovery in Germany – recent developments N2 - The recent developments of phosphorus recovery in Germany were presented. The funding program RePhoR was introduced with focus on the demonstration project R-Rhenania that is coordinated by BAM. T2 - Green Deal 2020 conference CY - Online-Meeting DA - 14.12.2020 KW - Phopshorus recovery KW - Waste water treatment KW - Recycling fertiliser PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gentzmann, Marie A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Gäbler, H.-E. A1 - Huthwelker, T. T1 - Investigation and comparison of Scandium species in different European bauxite residues by combination of novel analytocall tools N2 - In recent times, as the need for new high-tech materials is growing steadily to fulfil future sustainability goals, more and more looks turn towards industrial waste streams as potential sources of valuable metals. Bauxite residue (BR), accumulating during alumina production, is one of the major waste streams in the metal industry. Suitable re-use possibilities for BR are intensively investigated including approaches for the recovery of scandium (Sc). This transition metal, even though rarely recognized by the broader audience yet, has recently gained the interest of e.g. aerospace industries and SOFC-producers since its use is strongly improving the performance and durability of the respective materials. Even though many sources classify Sc as one of the REE, there are many aspects, such as its ionic radius, which significantly differentiate Sc from the REE and cause its behaviour to be distinct as well. The large ionic potential (radius/charge) causes Sc to be incompatible in most rock forming minerals, which results in generally low concentrations in the earth’s crust and rare occurrences of natural Sc-deposits. The general occurrence of enriched concentrations of Sc in some BRs compared to the earth’s crust is known for some time now and has especially been investigated for Greek materials. However, the (geo)chemical and mineralogical behaviour, the Sc speciation, the association and the variation of Sc occurrences in BRs of different origin is still not fully understood. This study aims to gain better knowledge on the different kinds of Sc-occurrences and their possible impact on future recovery schemes. We therefore apply a diverse set of analytical methods including novel measurement techniques such as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy as well as standard techniques such as electron microprobe analyses, and Raman spectroscopy on BRs from Germany, Hungary and Greece. Information on the local distribution of Sc is determined by high-resolution laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mappings. Sc in Greek BR seems to have an affinity towards Fe-Phases such as Goethite and Hematite. However, whereas some of these phases show distinct enrichment of Sc, others are particularly barren, which might be a result of the different input materials. By means of XANES measurements it was possible to show that Sc in the Greek samples occurs adsorbed on the surface of those Fe-Phases, likely in the form of amorphous Sc-hydroxide or -oxyhydroxide or can be incorporated into the crystal lattice as well. The general affinity of Sc to those kinds of phases has been reported for natural rocks such as laterites before, where similar investigations were made using the XANES method [8]. Likewise, the Fe-association has been observed for Greek BR by Vind et al. [7]. Hungarian BRs show similar results as the Greek samples and LA-ICP-MS mappings show distinct Sc enrichment rims surrounding mineral particles. In German BR, Fe as well as Ti-phases occur to be partially enriched in Sc. Depending on the original primary bauxite, the source rock of the bauxite and the bauxite processing route, it is likely that many different parameters influence the occurrence and species of Sc in the BR. Theoretically, it either can therefore remain within its original carrier or can be partially or fully redistributed within the BR. Since the processing of the bauxite involves elevated temperatures, pressure and dissolving reagents, it is however very likely that some of the Sc will be redistributed and adsorb on mineral surfaces of smaller and larger particles, making beneficiation steps rather ineffective. The study shows that there is no general rule defining how Sc is associated mineralogically or chemically within BRs. Therefore, the effective development of a recovery method needs a case specific background knowledge on the Sc-species present in the BR of interest. This research has received funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme SCALE (H2020/2014-2020) under grant agreement n° 730105. T2 - 3rd European Rare Earth Resources Conference (ERES) 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 06.10.2020 KW - Red Mud KW - Scandium KW - Bauxite Residue PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Legislation and technology development for P-recovery in Germany N2 - New developments in legislation and technology development for P-recovery were presented with focus on the situation in Germany. T2 - SMART-Plant joint Stakeholder Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 29.01.2020 KW - P-recovery KW - Sewage sludge ordinance PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - The BEMMA-Scheme helpful for low VOC inside display cases? N2 - Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically, air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d-1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful VOC inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially organic acids, e. g. formic or acetic acid which can emit from e.g. sealing materials or wood-based materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure which is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museums¬ausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Regarding the testing procedure only construction materials were evaluated, not the display cases their self. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. plastics, sealing materials, coatings, textiles and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, piperidine-derivates and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. T2 - Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments CY - Online meeting DA - 12.10.2020 KW - Museum KW - VOC-emission KW - BEMMA KW - Display case PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Annie Biwen A1 - Deland, Eric A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Standardization of MIC laboratory testing: with a special focus on corrosive methanogens N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process involving a complex group of microorganisms, including sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. Standard laboratory MIC testing using static serum bottle enrichments is an easy but limited method, offering poor resolution on the biomineralization process of corrosion products. An example of this is the presumed corrosion product siderite by corrosive methanogens (Mi-MIC). Previous publications reported siderite was the sole corrosion product of M. maripaludis using metal coupons incubated under stationary conditions. However, the formation of siderite is closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, i.e. pH, CO2 concentration, flow and temperature. Thus, siderite as the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC remain inconclusive and questionable. To study Mi-MIC effectively, a novel versatile multiport flow-column corrosion monitoring system (MFC) was developed. MFC allows sectional corrosion rate determination under flow conditions using different types of material, inoculum and packing material. MFC offers great flexibility, ease of operation and accurate corrosion measurements that can be combined with many other techniques. Using MFC, we studied multiple strains of methanogens and compared it with sulfate-reducing bacteria under neutral and low pH conditions. It was revealed by MFC that corrosive methanogens have equally high corrosion potential as sulfate-reducing bacteria. Additionally, siderite is not the dominant nor sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. Thus, effective corrosion monitoring and establishing standard laboratory practices, i.e. incorporating MFC as part of regular testing process, will provide deeper understanding of MIC. This will allow further microbial electrophysiology understandings, contributing to effective mitigation strategy development. T2 - EUROPEAN MIC NETWORK WEBINAR CY - Online meeting DA - 19.05.2020 KW - MIC KW - Methanogen KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Flow Model KW - Modelling KW - Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Müller, Werner W. T1 - The role of junction strength in the performance of geogrids N2 - Designing the performance of geogrids in reinforce soil constructions usually does not consider long-term behavior and possible failure modes of junctions between longitudinal and transverse ribs. How could behavior of junctions be included? To which extend is it necessary? On the conference Geo-Chicago 2016, Swan and Yuan presented an ultimate limit state equation for the short-term material resistance of junctions. We discuss limitations and suggest improvements to include long-term behavior of junctions. Nevertheless, the approach applies only to a specific mode of shear-tensile failure of junctions and only to strictly rigid geogrids. A new design concept presented in the same year by Jacobs on the conference GeoAmerica for the special case of the anchorage of geogrids, which reinforce capping system on long and steep slopes of landfills, tried to overcome these drawbacks. We discuss the aspects of this concept related to the long-term behavior of junctions and the interplay between the load applied to junctions and the flexibility of longitudinal ribs. This interplay and the long-term junction strength determine the long-term behavior of geogrids. T2 - GeoAmericas 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 26.10.2020 KW - Geogitter KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponie PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - Standard Operating Procedures in the digital context N2 - The intention of the presentation is to inspire a discussion on the needs and challenges for the digitalisation of SOPs. SOPs are available for the disciplines of physical-chemical characterisation, for toxicology, for environmental applications and for exposure applications. Furthermore the SOPs need to be integrated in the regulatory framework and need to be detailed enough for the digital processing. This is highlighted in this presentation. T2 - Nanosafety 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.10.2020 KW - Nano KW - SOP KW - NFDI KW - Digitalisation KW - Operating Procedure PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Modifiziertes Rhenania Phosphat auf Klärschlammasche für Bayern N2 - Es wurde das Projekt R-Rhenania MODIFIZIERTES RHENANIA PHOSPHAT AUS KLÄRSCHLAMMASCHE FÜR BAYERN mit seinen Inhalten und der Projektstruktur vorgestellt. T2 - 6. P-Rück-Kongress: Phosphor - ein kritischer Rohstoff mit Zukunft CY - Online meeting DA - 25.11.2020 KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung KW - Klärschlammasche PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51667 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -