TY - CHAP A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Torallas, S. T1 - Between Literary and Documentary Practices: The Montserrat Codex Miscellaneus (Inv. Nos. 126‐178, 292, 338) and the Material Investigation of Its Inks N2 - The Montserrat Codex Miscellaneus (TM 59453/LDAB 552) has been the subject of numerous studies since the publication of ist first text by its owner, father Ramon Roca-Puig. Scholars have dealt with the content of its texts, as well as interrogated its origin and materiality. It is a fourth-century papyrus single quire codex, which contains texts in both Latin and Greek. It has been argued that it belonged to the Bodmer library, connected to a Pachomian library in the Thebaid. In this paper we want to contribute to the material study of the codex by presenting the first results of an archaeometric analysis performed upon the inks. The Analysis was carried out within the framework of the ‘PAThs’ project based at Sapienza University of Rome, and executed with the close cooperation of DVCTVS, a team of scholars who curate the Roca-Puig collection. The results obtained have not only cast light on the history of production of the codex, but also, and perhaps most importantly, point out that a meaningful interpretation of the analytical data is only possible through an interdisciplinary collaboration between the humanities and the natural sciences. KW - Interdisciplinary approach KW - Codex Miscellaneus KW - Palaeography KW - Book production KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink analysis PY - 2020 SP - 101 EP - 114 AN - OPUS4-51004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steger, Simon T1 - Spectroscopic analysis of colourants and binders of Chinese reverse glass paintings tracing a cultural dialogue N2 - Scientific analysis based on spectroscopic methods provide essential information on the composition of colourants and binders in paintings. These results can be set in a historical context and help to confirm art historical interpretations. Proofs of certain pigments can be used for dating purposes and may reveal if the artist used not only local but also imported materials. A pilot study of two Chinese reverse glass paintings from the late 19th (Yingying and Hongniang) and early 20th centuries (The Archer) was performed using a multi-analytical approach including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Raman spectroscopy. This approach allowed the identification of the pigments and the classification of the binding media. The results reveal a combined use of traditional Chinese and imported European materials. Several pigments like cinnabar, lead white, orpiment, carbon black and copper-arsenic green (probably emerald green) were found in both paintings; red lead, artificial ultramarine blue, Prussian blue and ochre appear in at least one of the paintings. The proof of limewash (calcite and small amounts of portlandite) as a backing layer in “Yingying and Hongniang” indicates that clamshell white was also used for reverse glass paintings. Drying oil was classified as a binding media in most areas of both paintings. However, the orange background of The Archer yielded prominent bands of both proteinaceous and fatty binder. T2 - China and the West Reconsidering Chinese Reverse Glass Painting CY - Romont, Switzerland DA - 14.02.2020 KW - Reverse glass painting KW - DRIFTS KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50445 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Colini, Claudia ED - Michel, C. ED - Friedrich, M. T1 - La invencíon del Sacromonte: How and Why Scholars Debated about the Lead Books of Granada for Two Hundred Years N2 - At the end of the sixteenth century, a number of relics and artefacts were discovered in Granada, Spain. They included what became known as the Lead Books of the Sacromonte, twenty-one written artefacts made of circular lead leaves engraved in archaic Arabic characters. The authorship was attributed to some Arab disciples of St James the Greater considered to be the first evangelisers of the Iberian Peninsula. The texts, the materiality and the circumstances of the discoveries fuelled a debate surrounding their authenticity that lasted more than two centuries, a debate so fierce and controversial that not even papal condemnation in 1682 was able to stop it. Soon after the discoveries were made public, scholars highlighted the many contradictions and errors of a historical, linguistic and theological nature present in the texts, identifying members of the local Morisco community as possible forgers. This article focuses on how the scholarly community of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries handled these findings and looks at the methods employed by the scholars to evaluate the authenticity of the artefacts. It will also look at how the particular interests of the various authorities involved influenced the acceptance or dismissal of relevant academic results. KW - Forgery KW - Moriscos KW - Parchment KW - Lead books PY - 2020 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/590832 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110714333-011 VL - Studies in Manuscript Cultures 20 SP - 209 EP - 262 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin/Boston AN - OPUS4-51936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Composition Analysis of Writing Materials in Cairo Genizah Documents N2 - Through the application of scientific methods of analysis to a corpus of medieval manuscripts found in the Cairo Genizah, this work aims to gain a better understanding of the writing materials used by Jewish communities at that time, shedding new light not only on the production of manuscripts in the Middle Ages, but also on the life of those Jewish communities. KW - Ink analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Reflectography KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588642 UR - https://brill.com/display/title/59331 SN - 978-90-04-44887-2 SN - 978-90-04-46935-8 SP - 1 EP - 192 PB - Brill CY - Leiden & Boston AN - OPUS4-58864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Beyond the text: What writing materials of the Cairo Genizah tell us N2 - Results: - Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks. - We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks. - Great variety in the composition of the inks. - No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference. - Inks purchased by (some) scribes. - Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents. - Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court. T2 - Ink Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 28.06.2022 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 UR - https://www.naher-osten.uni-muenchen.de/wasistlosaminstitut/veranstaltungsarchiv/veranstaltungen-2022/inkworkshop/index.html AN - OPUS4-58874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schuehle, Florian T1 - Quality assured uptake rates for passive sampling of indoor air VOCs N2 - Generation of experimental uptake rates (UR) for > 70 VOCs (7d /100 μg m-3) Application in German Environmental Survey – VOC exposure assessment Assurance of transparency concerning UR generation and uncertainty creates basis for decision making and comparability of measurement results. Exemplarily the uncertainty u(UR) of toluene UR was modelled and determined statistically with own laboratory data (relative standard deviation of actively sampled test gas atmosphere – RSDa and n = 5 exposed passive samplers – RSDp) in line with EN 838 as well as from variation of literature UR – RSD UR,lit. T2 - Airmon 2022, 10th International Symposium on modern principles of air monitoring and biomonitoring CY - Bristol, UK DA - 06.11.2022 KW - IAQ KW - VOC KW - Diffusive sampling KW - Uptake rate PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - VOC-Sampling inside display cases with focus on BEMMA evaluation N2 - Museum display cases aim to protect art and cultural goods not only from theft and vandalism, but also from dirt and dust. An often-heard argument within a call for tender of new display cases is that there should be no emission inside of the display case. This is nearly impossible for new ones especially when they must also fulfill the requirement of an air change rate of less than 0.1 per day. For example, constructions or decorations in exhibition spaces, storage containers in depot rooms, and exhibition display cases release volatile substances that might lead to irreversible changes or, under certain circumstances, damage to the stored or displayed objects. In Germany beneath the well-established Oddy-test also the BEMMA procedure is used to evaluate the construction materials. For larger amounts of display cases control measurements of VOCs at the end of construction or buildup is quite common. However, what is necessary to measure the air inside of display cases. What are the circumstances when the display cases were closed before the test period? Is it possible to organize a clean environment for reliable measurements. How comparable are the resulting VOCs with results from BEMMA test and control measurement at the end. The BEMMA procedure should include a further VOC-test at 60 °C. What are the benefits of this enlargement. Mainly materials that have a high potential to store VOCs inside of the material in combination with a less permeable surface should be evaluated stricter than others. T2 - IAQ 2024 The International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments CY - New York, USA DA - 18.11.2024 KW - Emission KW - Air quality KW - Display cases KW - VOC PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klein, Luise T1 - Miniaturization Options in VOC Emissions Assessments of Consumer Products: Comparison of Test Chambers and Dynamic Headspace Extraction Systems N2 - Different emission testing devices were compared to measure reliable initial indoor air concen-trations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitting from consumer products. Compared to conventional medium- or large-scale test chambers, smaller devices including micro chambers and dynamic headspace extraction systems offer options for increased sample throughput, automation as well as reduced costs, which could facilitate their application in routine analysis of consumer product-related VOC emissions. T2 - Indoor Air 2024 CY - Honolulu, Hawaii, USA DA - 07.07.2024 KW - VOC KW - Emissions KW - Consumer product KW - Indoor air PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Willms, Thomas A1 - Kryk, Holger A1 - Hampel, Uwe T1 - An improved method for the analysis of the reaction products of the partial isobutane oxidation by gas chromatography using a green solvent N2 - In the present work, an improved GC/MS method for the analysis of the reaction products of the non-catalytic partial oxidation of isobutane at a starting temperature of 25°C has been developed and compared to a previously published method. Two green GC-solvents (dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC)) and several internal standards (hexane, benzene, toluene, DEC) have been tested. The separation of the products at low retention times (methanol, isobutane, isobutene) could be significantly improved. For the liquid main products t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-butanol (TBA), propanone and most trace products (isopropanol, isobutanal, methyl formate, isopropyl formate, t-butyl formate and some acetates – 24 compounds in total), a coefficient of determination CoD > 0.999 has been achieved. For all weighing and GC/MS measurements uncertainties have been calculated. The peaks of the peak pair t-butyl formate (CoD >0.999) and isobutanol (CoD >0.99), have been simulated and used for calibrations. DEC gave a decomposition of TBHP on the column. With DMC, a problem of peak purity of TBHP appeared but could be resolved. The use of the green solvent DMC, compared to also studied traditional solvents like heptane and toluene, proved to be very beneficial, since it also permitted to determine polar compounds, e. g. carbon dioxide and formic acid. KW - GC/MS KW - Green solvent KW - Method development KW - Peroxide KW - Measurement uncertainties KW - Oxidation products KW - Simulation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632026 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2025.465892 SN - 0021-9673 VL - 1753 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-63202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tang, Chi-Long T1 - Sub-4 nm particles from FFF-3D printing measured with the TSI 1 nm CPC and the Airmodus A11 nCNC N2 - Concerns have been raised as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) desktop 3D printer emits harmful ultrafine particles (dP < 100 nm) during operation in indoor spaces. However, the vast majority of previous emission studies have neglected the possible occurrence of sub-4 nm particles by using conventional condensation particle counter (CPC) for detection. Thus, the total particle emission could be systematically underestimated. This study has compared two diethylene glycol (DEG) based instruments to evaluate their suitability for measuring organic FFF particles in the sub-4 nm size range either as particle counter or as a particle size spectrometer. T2 - European Aerosol Conference 2024 CY - Tampere, Finland DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Air pollution KW - Emission testing KW - FFF-3D printing KW - Sub-4nm particles KW - Ultrafine particles PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60930 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -