TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira ED - Lattuati-Derieux, Agnès ED - Ribeyrol, Charlotte ED - Heginbotham, Arlen T1 - Black Carolingian inks under examination. Part 1: recipes and literature survey N2 - Black writing materials of different types and compositions have varied in use over time and different geographical regions. With this paper, we would like to contribute to their study by listing and reviewing recipes for black writing inks that were in circulation in the Carolingian Empire as well as by referencing the archaeometric analyses of the black inks used in the manuscripts. The studies presented here that involved the humanities and natural sciences provide new insights into how the scholars of the early Medieval Ages organized manuscripts. N2 - L’emploi des differents types de materiaux d’ecriture noirs et leurs compositions ont varie selon les epoques et les regions. Nous souhaitons ici contribuer a leur etude en repertoriant et en analysant les recettes d’encres de calligraphie noires en circulation dans l’Empire carolingien, ainsi qu’en procedant au referencement des analyses archeometriques des encres noires utilisees dans les manuscrits. Faisant appel aux sciences humaines et aux sciences naturelles, ces analyses apportent un eclairage nouveau sur la maniere dont les savants du haut Moyen Age organisaient les manuscrits. KW - Ink KW - Manuscript KW - Middle Ages KW - Recipes KW - Ink analyses KW - Carolingian PY - 2023 SN - 1254-7867 VL - 2023 IS - 55 SP - 90 EP - 95 PB - Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-58839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz A1 - Gordon, Nehemia A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Material Studies of Torah Scrolls at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung N2 - In recent years the BAM has been focusing on the characterization of the writing materials of the medieval Torah scrolls. The challenge imposed by the study of this specific type of manuscript led to designing and building dedicated stages to ensure the safety of the scrolls during the analysis. Furthermore, the identification of multiple corrections executed in apparently identical inks required broadening the standard two-step protocol of near infrared reflectography and X-ray fluorescence to include multispectral imaging. This work has prepared the division to participate in the large collaborative project “To roll: Materialisierte Heiligkeit (Materialised Holiness)” based at the Free University, Berlin. The presentation will demonstrate the aims of the studies, preliminary results and the strategies adopted by the division 4.5 of the BAM. T2 - EAJS Congress Branching Out: Diversity of Jewish Studies CY - Frankfurt/Main, Germany DA - 16.07.2023 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - Torah Scrolls KW - X-Ray fluorescence KW - Middle Ages PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nehring, Grzegorz A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Shevchuk, Ivan A1 - Huskin, Kyle A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Breaking the limits of the non-destructive instrumental analysis of writing inks N2 - The ink analysis protocol developed through cooperation between the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung in Berlin and the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the University of Hamburg involves the use of imaging techniques for ink screening, followed by spectroscopic analysis. In our presentation, we will begin by briefly reviewing the history of writing inks and discussing the three main categories: carbon-based inks, plant, and iron-gall inks. We will address their chronology, precursors, and mixed forms, as well as the features that allow for their identification. Then, we will present the techniques we use in ink analysis, whereby we would like to highlight the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach. Finally, we will discuss the new mass-spectrometric method based on micro-sampling and using atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP). T2 - Future of the Past CY - Torun, Poland DA - 14.06.2023 KW - Ink analyses KW - Spectroscopy KW - Mass spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Composition Analysis of Writing Materials in Cairo Genizah Documents N2 - Through the application of scientific methods of analysis to a corpus of medieval manuscripts found in the Cairo Genizah, this work aims to gain a better understanding of the writing materials used by Jewish communities at that time, shedding new light not only on the production of manuscripts in the Middle Ages, but also on the life of those Jewish communities. KW - Ink analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Reflectography KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588642 UR - https://brill.com/display/title/59331 SN - 978-90-04-44887-2 SN - 978-90-04-46935-8 SP - 1 EP - 192 PB - Brill CY - Leiden & Boston AN - OPUS4-58864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina T1 - Beyond the text: What writing materials of the Cairo Genizah tell us N2 - Results: - Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks. - We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks. - Great variety in the composition of the inks. - No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference. - Inks purchased by (some) scribes. - Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents. - Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court. T2 - Ink Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 28.06.2022 KW - Ink analyses KW - Manuscript studies KW - X-Ray fluorescence analyses KW - Cairo Genizah KW - Middle Ages PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-58874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -