TY - JOUR A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Combined impact of UV radiation and nitric acid on high‐density polyethylene containers as a laboratory test N2 - In a laboratory test, transparent high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) jerrycans have been exposed to both UV radiation and 55 wt‐% nitric acid solution at (41 ± 2)°C, for up to 20 days. For comparison, UV radiant exposure (21 days) and nitric acid exposure (up to 6 weeks) were performed separately, at nearly equal temperatures. The damages are compared with FTIR spectroscopy in ATR and HT‐gel permeation chromatography(GPC) on a molecular level and with hydraulic internal pressure testing as a component test. For the used jerrycans, relevant oxidation can only be found after the combined exposure. This is caused by the decomposition of nitric acid into nitrous gases by UV radiation, which is also observed at lower concentrations (28 wt‐%). After 6 days of laboratory exposure, this is rated as critical, which corresponds to about 1/10 year in Central Europe, according to the UV radiant exposure. The gradual increase in oxidative damage shows the reproducibility of the test. KW - Molecular mass distribution KW - High-density polyethylene KW - Nitric acid KW - UV radiation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550141 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2673 SN - 0894-3214 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 729 EP - 735 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-55014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ammerman, D. J. A1 - Bignell, J. L. A1 - Bjorkman, G. S. A1 - Breach, M. R. A1 - Broz, V. A. A1 - Jordan, J. A1 - Kuehner, S. A1 - Molitoris, D. P. A1 - Reinhardt, W. A1 - Rigato, A. B. A1 - Rosvall, E. S. A1 - Sakalaukus Jr., P. J. A1 - Shih, P. Y.-K. A1 - Siromani, D. A1 - Snow, S. D. A1 - Tso, C.-F. A1 - Yaksh, M. C. A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Zhang, X. T1 - Guidance document - Use of explicit finite element analysis for the evaluation of radioactive material transport packages and storge casks in energy-limited impact events N2 - The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for developing quality finite element models to ensure, with reasonable certainty, that the model produces accurate results for comparison with the strain-based or stress-based acceptance criteria of Section III, Division 3 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, but could be applicable to other Sections of the Code or other codes. Models developed following the guidance provided in this document meet the definition of a "Quality Model," as described in Paragraph EE 1240 of the Nonmandatory Appendix EE (Strain-Based Acceptance Criteria Definitions and Background Information). It cannot be emphasized enough, however, that the guidance supplied here does not constitute requirements. Rather, the intent of the guidance is to give practical direction to analysts (i.e., this is not a set of regulatory requirements). This guidance document is an "evolving" document. It will undergo revision as computing capability and FEA techniques progress, and as example problems are developed. KW - Computational modeling KW - Explicit dynamics PY - 2025 SN - 978-0-7918-7749-4 VL - NTB-6 SP - 1 EP - 153 PB - Americal Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) CY - New York, NY ET - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65759 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pedersen, Angus A1 - Zhu, Jinjie A1 - Barrio, Jesús A1 - Parker, Joseph A1 - Hunter, Robert D. A1 - Haigh, Sarah J. A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick A1 - Stephens, Ifan E. L. A1 - Titirici, Maria-Magdalena T1 - Contribution of Mg-templated porosity to activity and durability in Fe–N–C O 2 reduction catalysts N2 - Atomically dispersed Fe in N-doped carbon (Fe–N–C) catalysts are leading platinum-group-metal-free candidates for the O2 reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) derived Fe–N–C present the most promising performance; however, they possess a narrow distribution of small micropores, which limits active site accessibility. Here, to induce hierarchical porosity in Fe–N–C, we report a systematic study on MgCl2·6H2O-templated ZIF-8-derived Fe–N–C catalysts for the O2 reduction reaction. MgCl2·6H2O addition induced complete Zn removal, collapse of the ZIF-8 framework, and formation of large micro- and mesopores, with graphene-like structures. N content was markedly reduced, with conversion from pyridinic to pyrrolic N species. Rotating disc electrode tests showed a progressive increase in O2 reduction activity with MgCl2·6H2O, which is strongly correlated (R2 = 0.98) to the formation of large micropores and small mesopores (1–4 nm). This introduces an indirect structure–activity design principle for Fe–N–Cs. The enhanced Fe–N–C porosity also leads to increased degradation rates under accelerated stress test conditions, which we attributed to the oxidation of disordered carbon domains and active Fe loss. This study highlights a key trade-off between porosity-driven O2 reduction activity and durability in Fe–N–C catalysts. KW - Porosity KW - Single atom KW - Oxygen reduction PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-657549 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ma01488c SN - 2633-5409 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-65754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaeger, Carsten T1 - Untargeted Analysis of Leachables Released from Recycled Polyethylene Canisters N2 - Recycling existing materials and products as far as possible is an integral part of the circular economy. Plastic-based packaging, including containers for food and beverages but also for storing and transporting chemicals and dangerous goods, are presently made to a wide range from fossil resources. However, even for these “contact sensitive” products, there is still the aim of sustainability using recycled materials. For packings for the transport of dangerous goods, safety characteristics of the containments made from the “virgin” materials including polyethylene (PE) are well known and tested within the frame of their design type approval. Much less, however, is known about their counterparts made from recycled materials. Apart from material weaking, incorporation of residues into recycled plastics can cause contamination of the goods inside the packaging. To fill this gap, we have evaluated high-density PE (HDPE) canisters made from post-consumer waste towards release of plastic additives and contaminants such as residues from former contents. Using a comprehensive untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) approach as well as thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), we detected up to 870 distinct components depending on the type of stored chemical and storage duration. Most of the components were unique to or released in significantly higher amounts from recycled HDPE compared to conventional HDPE. 129 of the components could be identified and analyzed for functional use. The analysis revealed “cosmetics”, “fragrance” and “flavoring” as major associations next to known and expected uses in the field of “plastics”, indicating significant introduction of foreign contaminants into the product. We present details on the compound classes involved and discuss consequences for political targets on increasing recycling rates in this product segment. T2 - International Conference on Non-Target Screening CY - Erding, Germany DA - 13.10.2025 KW - Extractables KW - Leachables KW - Untargeted analysis KW - Recycling KW - Polyethylene PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -