TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Bruchno, Martin A1 - Goedecke, Thomas T1 - Release of Powdery or Granular Substances from Intact Dangerous Goods Bags During Road Transport - Analysis of the Causes and Development of a Test Concept T2 - Proceedings of IAPRI Member Conference 2021 N2 - Abstract: The leaks of dangerous goods from actually intact bags detected in the years 2018 to 2020 tend to be at an almost constant high level. These releases of powdery or granular dangerous goods represent violations of the sift-proofness required in the dangerous goods regulations. This article first analyzes the causes. The components of the bags that are affected by leaks are micro-perforations, joins and closures, in particular internal sleeve valves. A distinction must be made between bags closed in conformity with or contrary to the manufacturer's instructions. The particle release is determined by a number of influencing factors of the filling substance, the packaging and other boundary conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive test concept is developed in this work, which takes all these factors into account. The application of this test concept facilitates the planning of the test setup and the experiments. On this basis, the complex mechanisms involved in the release of solid substances can be systematically investigated in the test laboratory. To prevent releases of powdery or granular substances from intact bags, it is necessary that the user has access to the closing instructions and the relevant properties of the test substance used for the design type approval. Further experimental investigations are needed to assess whether filling substances change their properties during transport and whether this enables them to escape. T2 - IAPRI Member Conference 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2021 KW - Bags KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Sift-proofness KW - Particles KW - Leak PY - 2021 UR - https://whova.io/email/click/d11d7d6cf1c84dfdc8c12349468fe91c/c9af5bcf002312cff80d9b962d1014e4/ SN - 978-1-63821-160-0 SP - 390 EP - 405 PB - IAPRI CY - East Lansing, Michigan, USA AN - OPUS4-52786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Eiben, Mario A1 - Drousch, Björn A1 - Heinrich, Annika A1 - Goedecke, Thomas A1 - Kraume, M. T1 - Influence of the length of the internal sleeve valve on the release of powdery substances from the closures of valved bags for dangerous goods JF - Packaging Technology And Science N2 - In practice, checks on dangerous goods transports often detect leaks of powdered dangerous goods from valved bags. In this work, the influence factors of a sudden release of powdery substances from the valves of valved bags were investigated. Drop tests were performed on paper bags of UN design type 5M2 with internal sleeve valve using 2 different powdery substances (Esplas H130 and zinc oxide “Rotsiegel”). The internal sleeve valves of all test samples were not sift‐proof with respect to both filling substances. For almost all test samples, the Esplas H130 powder already leaked out of pasted joints during manual filling. This is a contradiction to the requirement in UN 6.1.4.18.1, according to which closures and joints of paper bags 5M2 should be sift‐proof. In the drop tests, longer valve lengths had a greater sealing effect for both filling substances (for filling degrees of at least 95% and for test samples which had already been mechanically loaded). As an extreme example, at the drop height of 1.20 m and a filling degree of 100%, the released amount of zinc oxide powder from a 10‐cm‐long valve was about 16 times higher than from a valve length of 12.5 cm. The valve length is therefore a safety‐relevant parameter and should be specified by the manufacturer. To ensure that only filling goods with similar physical properties in comparison with the test substance are used for valved bags, the user must be informed of the particle size of the test substance. KW - Sacks KW - Bags KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Drop test KW - Sift-proofness PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2377 SN - 0894-3214 SN - 1099-1522 VL - 31 IS - 8 SP - 532 EP - 544 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AN - OPUS4-45835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -