TY - CHAP A1 - Kasch, Thomas A1 - Brock, Thomas A1 - Hesse, Olaf A1 - Hartwig, Peter ED - Steinberg, Th. A. ED - Chiffoleau, G. J. T1 - Assessment Criteria to Evaluate Test Results on Compatibility of Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service Based on BAM’s Safety Philosophy N2 - The general requirement, that nonmetallic materials for oxygen service must be tested and found suitable for their intended use in plants and components is the current state of technical safety. However, numerous requests of manufacturers, sales offices, and users show that there is still a strong need for information on how these materials are tested and evaluated. Based on more than 60 years of expertise, this paper provides background information on BAM’s test approach. It explains why BAM applies additional assessment criteria on nonmetallic materials for certain use conditions. Hence, the test schedule as well as the final evaluation shall reflect the practical application in a more customer-related way in combination with a higher safety level. That is the demand of BAM’s safety philosophy. KW - Oxygen compatibility KW - Background information on test approaches KW - Evaluation of test results KW - Assessment criteria KW - BAM’s safety philosophy PY - 2021 SN - 978-0-8031-7698-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1520/STP1626-EB SN - 0899-6652 VL - STP 1626 - 15 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - ASTM International CY - West Conshohocken, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-54888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Woitzek, Andreas A1 - Kasch, Thomas A1 - Kittler-Packmor, Kai ED - Steinberg, Th. A. ED - Chiffoleau, G. J. T1 - New large-scale 750 bar Oxygen Pressure Surge Test Facility N2 - The Oxygen Pressure Surge Test (OPST) is considered to be best practice for evaluating the burn out safety of plant components and testing the compatibility of nonmetallic materials for oxygen service. Nevertheless, there are only a few laboratories worldwide performing the OPST. The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) already operates oxygen pressure surge test facilities with maximum OPST pressures of 450 bar. However, to ensure technical innovation and to enhance research and development, the decision was made to develop a new and large-scale oxygen pressure surge test facility. Due to the size and the high potential impact energies, the test facility is located outside of Berlin at BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS), where large scale testing is carried out. In addition to an intended maximum OPST pressure of 750 bar, there is the possibility of testing industrial equipment with large inner volumes and diameters. The new quick opening valve constitutes the core of the system and was developed by BAM. It allows to perform tests with the standardized pressure rise times of 15 ms to 20 ms or with adjustable pressure rise times at higher or lower values. As a result, it is possible to provide customized test parameters for specific practical applications as well as research projects. This presentation shows the status quo of this unique test facility, its performance, its technical specifications, and its new possibilities for research and development for a long term enhancement of burn out safety in oxygen application. KW - Oxygen pressure surge test KW - Adiabatic compression KW - Burn out safety KW - Innovation in OPST facility KW - Adjustable pressure rise time PY - 2021 SN - 978-0-8031-7698-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1520/STP1626-EB SN - 0899-6652 VL - STP 1626 - 15 SP - 326 EP - 340 PB - ASTM International CY - West Conshohocken, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-54889 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jordan, T. A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Holtappels, Kai A1 - Jopen, M. A1 - Stoll, U. A1 - Reinecke, E.-A. A1 - Krause, U. A1 - Beyer, M. A1 - Markus, D. T1 - Fuels – Introduction | Hydrogen safety N2 - The introduction of hydrogen as a safe energy carrier needs a robust knowledge base, tools for the design and safety assessment of hydrogen technologies built on it, and an internationally harmonized set of standards and regulations. Many of the innovative technologies imply hydrogen at high pressures and/or cryogenic temperatures, with which private users come into contact for the first time in distributed applications. In order to avoid over-conservative, expensive safety solutions, while at the same time demonstrating the usability and safety of hydrogen applications and maintaining acceptance for the technology, safety research must also keep pace with, or better yet anticipate, trends in technological development. Thus, this overview article describes not only the current state of knowledge and technology regarding hydrogen safety, but also its further development. KW - Explosion protection KW - Accidental scenarios KW - Hazard and risk assessment KW - Regulations codes and standards (RCS) KW - Ignition KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Energy carrier PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-1240-9547-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96022-9.00195-X VL - 2nd Edition SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -