TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid T1 - Corrosion testing in a laboratory container: Corrosion testing with artificial seawater and sediment N2 - Electricity generation by offshore wind turbine generators (WTG) is an important pillar of the energy transition. Corrosion processes on WTGs pose a particular challenge with regard to safe operation over longer periods of time due to the highly corrosive conditions in the offshore area. BAM is therefore conducting research to ensure a safe operation of the turbines over their intended service life to protect people and the environment. In a joint research project, different corrosion-relevant areas of a WTG foundation structure were specifically simulated in test basins within a laboratory container. The aim of the work was, on the one hand, the gravimetric and electrochemical determination of corrosion rates in the different areas of an WTG that are relevant for cathodic corrosion protection (CCP): Underwater and sediment zone as well as the transition area between these two zones. Also, targeted tests were carried out under CCP. In addition, investigations regarding calcareous deposition during CCP were carried out on idealized specimens under laboratory conditions to better assess its influence on the protection process. The investigations were carried out in a laboratory container with different basins, which were filled with sand as sediment and artificial seawater according to ISO 15711and connected via a closed water circuit. The poster at EURCORR 2022 provides an overview of the investigations and the most important results. It will be evaluated, if a simulation of offshore corrosion conditions is possible to a certain extent in an idealized system with artificial seawater and sediment. T2 - EUROCORR 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.08.2022 KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion Testing KW - Artificial Sea Water KW - Laboratory Container PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebeling, Anna A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel T1 - Offshore Power-to-X and the marine environment-What we know and what we don't know N2 - To combat climate change the share of renewable energy production must increase drastically. Offshore energy production – offshore wind and power-to-X – are crucial to achieving climate targets. However, the impact of these offshore constructions – wind turbines and production platforms – on the marine environment remains unclear in many aspects. Potential sources of chemical emissions are corrosion protection systems, remobilization of contaminants from old sediments during construction, the brine of desalination plants and increased shipping for maintenance and transportation. In order to minimize the environmental impact of renewable energies, close monitoring is essential. The goal of this project is the development of a monitoring concept for an offshore power-to-X production platform. T2 - H2Mare PtX-Verbundtreffen CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 16.04.2024 KW - Emission KW - Offshore KW - Wind energy KW - Sediment KW - Environment KW - Sea water PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid T1 - Corrosion at metallic offshore constructions – Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) N2 - In the maritime context of offshore operation, corrosion, in combination with the materials used, poses a particular challenge to ensure safe operation over long indefinite periods and to minimise susceptibility to failure. Until today, only a few corrosion protection systems have proven themselves for the interaction of efficiency, installation, and maintenance in the offshore sector. In addition, available corrosion test methods sometimes have major deficits about conclusions of the durability. Therefore, there is more research and development needed. The flagship project H2Mare of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research aims to enable the production of green hydrogen and PtX products at high seas. Research is being driven forward by the partners in four individual projects, where BAM is involved in two. In PtX-Wind, major kinds of corrosion attacks at offshore constructions are characterized and investigated, and suitable corrosion protection measures determined. In TransferWind, attention focusses on transferring scientific results into standardization. This poster at the H2Mare Conference 2023 presents an overview of the investigation methods and contribution of the department “Corrosion and Corrosion Protection”. T2 - H2Mare Conference 2023 CY - Frankfurt/Main, Germany DA - 12.06.2023 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Sea Water KW - Corrosion Testing KW - Offshore KW - Laboratory Container KW - Corrosion protecting system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid T1 - Constructive corrosion protection - Stainless steel in offshore plant construction N2 - Maritime exposure poses particular challenges for corrosion protection in plant construction. In addition to the right choice of materials, special design features that can have an impact on corrosion resistance must also be taken into account to ensure long-lasting corrosion protection. In practice, structural crevice arrangements are unavoidable, and therefore the crevice corrosion resistances of stainless steels are of particular importance. These and other influences are being investigated in this joint project. T2 - H2Mare PtX-Verbundtreffen CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 16.04.2024 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Offshore KW - Corrosion Testing KW - Marine Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Crevice corrosion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Grabowski, Sven T1 - Schlussbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben „Verbundvorhaben: "KKS-Gründung" - Korrosionsmonitoring und aktiver kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Offshore-Gründungsstrukturen - Teilvorhaben: Korrosionsprüfungen im Laborcontainer“ in der Fördermaßnahme „Anwendungsorientierte nichtnukleare FuE im 6. Energieforschungsprogramm“ im Förderbereich „Windenergie“ N2 - Das Ziel des Verbundforschungsvorhabens KKS-Gründung war die Entwicklung eines Monitoringsystems zur Erfassung von Korrosion an Gründungsstrukturen im Labormaßstab. Dafür war eine umfassende Bewertung und Beschreibung korrosionsbeeinflussender Faktoren und der Korrosionssysteme notwendig. Im Vorhaben KKS-Gründung wurde die Gründungsstruktur unterhalb der Wasserlinie betrachtet bis hin zum anaeroben Bereich im Sediment. Insbesondere der Sedimentbereich wurde bisher nur unzureichend betrachtet. Da die komplexen Mechanismen in der Sedimentzone noch nicht ausreichend wissenschaftlich untersucht wurden, mussten Möglichkeiten entwickelt werden, um diese zu bewerten. Im Verbundforschungsvorhaben KKS-Gründung agierte die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) als Forschungsstelle. Die Hauptziele des Teilvorhabens der BAM waren die Bereitstellung einer Messumgebung für das von den Partnern entwickelte Monitoringsystem, die umfassende wissenschaftliche Beschreibung der Korrosionssysteme im Unterwasserbereich und Sediment sowie die Gewinnung von Messdaten zur Verifizierung und Überführung in die Simulation. Als Forschungsstelle war die BAM der Ansprechpartner für die Verbundpartner bei wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen. Die Hauptziele des Vorhabens wurden erreicht und es wurden grundlegende Erkenntnisse zum Korrosionsverhalten von Offshore-Stahl im Unterwasser und Sedimentbereich gewonnen. Darüber hinaus wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Betrieb eines Laborcontainers und zur Nachstellung von Korrosionssystemen in Meerwasserbecken bei Verwendung von künstlichem Meerwasser und Sand als Sediment gewonnen. Eine Beschreibung und Bewertung der Korrosivität und ablaufender Reaktionen in den einzelnen Belastungszonen wurde mittels elektrochemischer und gravimetrischer Verfahren vorgenommen. KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - KKS KW - Korrosionsmonitoring KW - Offshore-Windenergieanlagen KW - Meerwasser KW - Sediment PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569252 SP - 1 EP - 74 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56925 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Seifert, Lando T1 - Aspects of corrosion protection in the maritime sector– Focus of Current research of BAM for H2Mare N2 - Germany has set itself the task of becoming a world leader in the field of green hydrogen technologies and is promoting the transition to a hydrogen economy. The H2Mare flagship project is exploring the offshore production of green hydrogen and other power-to-X products. One of the most important goals is the safe and cost-efficient operation of offshore infrastructures, where a service life of at least 25 years is aimed at. However, the corrosive environment towards metallic materials presents challenges in marine areas. The atmosphere at one location could be affected by the distance to the sea level and does not have the same corrosivity for all exposed kinds of materials. The research of the durabilitty of different materials and corrosion protection systems by weathering campaigns and laboratory experiments aims to close this gap of knowledge. BAM‘s mandate is to make the data available to the responsible operators through standardisation to ensure safety and cost efficiency. T2 - H2Mare Conference 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.06.2024 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Offshore KW - Wind energy KW - Marine Corrosion KW - Laboratory Container KW - Corrosion protecting system KW - Sediment KW - Green Hydrogen PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid T1 - Corrosion behavior of simulated monopile foundation by S355J2 steel in artificial seawater and sediment N2 - The development of offshore wind turbines (WTGs) presents many challenges in terms of safe operation over extended periods of time. One of these is the corrosive environment towards metallic materials, which can lead to a loss of material thickness and thus to a deterioration of mechanical performances, especially the strength of infrastructures. This can be counteracted by painting and cathodic protection (CP). Much research has already been done in this area about inhibiting the corrosion process. However, gaps exist regarding free corrosion. This plays a greater role especially for time intervals during the installation of the systems and their maintenance, during which often no CP can be operated. This is especially true for areas where painting surfaces is impossible e.g., sediment areas. This problem is exacerbated by the different corrosion rates caused by the different zones (water and sediment), with their different amounts of dissolved oxygen. This presentation deals with experiments in artificial seawater and sediment. Classical S355J2 steel samples in the form of coupons were fitted with welding wires that carried out the electrical contact to the outer side of the basin. Inside the basins, the specimens are stored in different zones like water and sediment which should simulate the foundation situation of monopiles. The mass loss was determined gravimetrically, elemental currents between specimens in water and sediment were measured and electrochemical investigations were carried out. The influences of the zones, based on different solved oxygen contents, and the rolling skin towards the corrosion behavior of the mild steel samples were determined in this work. Especially the influence of the sediment showed unexpected behavior, determined by electrochemical investigations. These results allow better conclusions to be drawn about the corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in offshore environments used in sediment and seawater, which cannot always be protected. T2 - Eurocorr 2023 CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 28.08.2023 KW - Marine Corrosion KW - Offshore KW - Monopile KW - Sediment KW - Artificial seawater PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58175 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Investigation of corrosion behavior of S355 steel in artificial seawater and sediment N2 - The safe operation of offshore wind turbines places high demands on corrosion protection. This is particularly the case about the planned future extension of the service life beyond 25 years. The highly corrosive environment towards metallic materials leads to a loss of material thickness of the tower structure and thus to a deterioration of mechanical properties. This can be counteracted by corrosion protection measures adapted to the respective load case, such as organic coatings and cathodic corrosion protection (CCP). Much research has already been done in this area about inhibiting the corrosion process and there are regulations and guidelines that specify requirements for corrosion protection to achieve the required service lives. However, gaps exist regarding free corrosion. This plays a greater role especially for time intervals during the installation of the plants and their maintenance, during which often no CCP can be operated. This applies to the exposure areas in the underwater and sediment area. This problem is intensified by the difficult to estimate corrosion rates caused by the different zones, with their different amounts of dissolved oxygen and the various influencing factors. This paper deals with experiments conducted in a laboratory container with artificial seawater and sediment in basins. T2 - AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2025 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 06.04.2025 KW - Seawater KW - Sediment KW - Corrosion KW - Offshore KW - Foundation KW - Element current PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.5006/C2025-00002 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - AMPP CY - Houston TX USA AN - OPUS4-62963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -