TY - JOUR A1 - Brehme, Sven A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Fischer, O. A1 - Pospiech, D. A1 - Bykov, Y. A1 - Döring, M. T1 - Phosphorus polyester versus aluminium phosphinate in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT): Flame retardancy performance and mechanisms JF - Polymer Degradation and Stability N2 - Pyrolysis and fire behaviour of a phosphorus polyester (PET-P-DOPO) have been investigated. The glycol ether of the hydroquinone derivative of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide was used as a reactive halogen-free flame retardant in PET-P-DOPO. PET-P-DOPO is proposed as an alternative to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with established halogen-free additives. It exhibits a high LOI (39.3%) and achieves V-0 classification in the UL 94 test. Three different mechanisms (flame inhibition, charring and a protection effect by the intumescent char) contribute to the flame retardancy in PET-P-DOPO and were quantified with respect to different fire risks. The fire load was reduced by 66% of the PBT characteristic. The reduction is the superposition of the relative reduction due to flame inhibition (factor 0.625) and charring (factor 0.545). The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) was reduced by 83% due to flame inhibition, charring and the protection properties of the char (factor 0.486). The strength of all three mechanisms is in the same order of magnitude. The intumescent multicellular structure enables the char to act as an efficient protection layer. PBT flame-retarded with aluminium diethylphosphinate was used as a benchmark to assess the performance of PET-P-DOPO absolutely, as well as versus the phosphorus content. PET-P-DOPO exhibits superior fire retardancy, in particular due to the additional prolongation of the time to ignition and increase in char yield. PET-P-DOPO is a promising alternative material for creating halogen-free flame-retarded polyesters. KW - Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) KW - Fire retardancy KW - Aluminium phosphinate KW - 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.035 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 96 IS - 5 SP - 875 EP - 884 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-23469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bykov, Y. A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Walter, O. A1 - Döring, M. A1 - Fischer, O. A1 - Köppl, T. A1 - Altstädt, V. A1 - Brehme, Sven A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Synthesis of new functionalised phosphorus-containing monomers as flame retardants for polyesters T2 - 13th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymers, FRPM T2 - 13th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymers, FRPM CY - Alessandria, Italy DA - 2011-06-26 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24075 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brehme, Sven A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bykov, Y. A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Döring, M. A1 - Fischer, O. A1 - Pospiech, D. A1 - Köppl, T. A1 - Altstädt, V. T1 - Flame retardancy mechanisms and performance of a halogen-free phosphorus polyester in PBT T2 - 2011 Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials N2 - PET-P-DOPO is a phosphorus-containing polyester prepared from the glycol ether of the hydroquinone derivative of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and dimethyl terephthalate. PET-P-DOPO and a blend of PBT with PET-PDOPO were investigated with respect to pyrolysis and fire behavior. PET-P-DOPO achieves a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test and exhibits a high LOI of 39.3%. The outstanding flame-retardant properties of PET-P-DOPO are the result of three different mechanisms (flame inhibition, charring and a protection effect of the intumescent char) that are active in PET-P-DOPO. The fire load and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) are reduced to 34% and 17%, respectively. The char exhibits an intumescent multicellular structure enabling it to act as an efficient protection layer. As PET-P-DOPO is immiscible with PBT, the blend shows a lower breaking elongation than pure PBT. Compared to pure PET-P-DOPO, the flame retardancy of the blend is decreased according to the fraction of PET-P-DOPO used. Nevertheless, the flame-retardancy of PET-P-DOPO in the blend was good enough to compete with PBT flame-retarded by AlPi-Et (aluminum diethylphosphinate) that was used as a Benchmark. KW - PBT KW - DOPO KW - Flame retardancy PY - 2011 SN - 1-59623-795-3 SP - 1 EP - 15 CY - Wellesley, USA AN - OPUS4-24617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -