TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, R. A1 - Koerfer, F. A1 - Sadowny, O. A1 - Zimmermann, J. A1 - Krüger-Sehm, R. A1 - Xu, M. A1 - Dziomba, T. A1 - Koenders, L. A1 - Goch, G. A1 - Tausendfreund, A. A1 - Patzelt, S. A1 - Simon, S. A1 - Rockstroh, L. A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Woias, P. A1 - Goldschmidtböing, F. A1 - Rabold, M. T1 - Virtuelle Messgeräte - Definition und Stand der Entwicklung N2 - Die Mikro- und Nanotechnologie gehört zu den Schlüsseltechnologien des 21. Jahrhunderts mit hohen Wachstumsprognosen, wie auch die im Auftrag des BMBF durchgeführte Studie “Nanotechnologie als wirtschaftlicher Wachstumsmarkt” von 2004 ausführlich darstellt. Aus diesem Trend resultiert ein steigender Bedarf an Messsystemen, die Nanostrukturen prozessnah bzw. im Fertigungsprozess charakterisieren können. Virtuelle Messgeräte liefern Erkenntnisse zur Entwicklung neuartiger Messsysteme, Analyse und Optimierung bestehender Verfahren sowie die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit und modellbasierten Korrektur systematischer Fehler. Der virtuelle Messprozess umfasst neben dem Messmittel auch die Probe und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden. In diesem Beitrag werden virtuelle Messgeräte vorgestellt sowie deren Anwendung diskutiert. N2 - Micro- and nanotechnology experienced a high economic growth in recent years. This yields in a growing demand for measuring instruments which are closely linked to the production process. Virtual measuring instruments provide knowledge for the development of new systems, the analysis and optimization of established devices as well as the determination of the uncertainty in measurement. The virtual measuring process consists of the measuring instrument, the sample, and the interaction between both. In this article examples of current developments of virtual instruments are presented and their way of utilization is discussed. KW - Virtuelle Messtechnik KW - Simulation KW - Messunsicherheit KW - Virtual metrology KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2008.0872 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 75 IS - 5 SP - 298 EP - 310 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-17569 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merchel, S. A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Alfimov, V. A1 - Arnold, M. A1 - Aumaître, G. A1 - Benedetti, L. A1 - Bourlès, D.L. A1 - Caffee, M. A1 - Fifield, L.K. A1 - Finkel, R.C. A1 - Freeman, S.P.H.T. A1 - Martschini, M. A1 - Matsushi, Y. A1 - Rood, D.H. A1 - Sasa, K. A1 - Steier, P. A1 - Takahashi, T. A1 - Tamari, M. A1 - Tims, S.G. A1 - Tosaki, Y. A1 - Wilken, K. M. A1 - Xu, S. T1 - Ultra-trace analysis of 36Cl by accelerator mass spectrometry: an interlaboratory study N2 - A first international 36Cl interlaboratory comparison has been initiated. Evaluation of the final results of the eight participating accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories on three synthetic AgCl samples with 36Cl/Cl ratios at the 10-11, 10-12, and 10-13 level shows no difference in the sense of simple statistical significance. However, more detailed statistical analyses demonstrate certain interlaboratory bias and underestimation of uncertainties by some laboratories. Following subsequent remeasurement and reanalysis of the data from some AMS facilities, the round-robin data indicate that 36Cl/Cl data from two individual AMS laboratories can differ by up to 17%. Thus, the demand for further work on harmonising the 36Cl-system on a worldwide scale and enlarging the improvement of measurements is obvious. KW - Accelerator mass spectrometry KW - Long-lived radionuclides KW - Cosmogenic nuclides KW - Exposure dating PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4979-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 400 IS - 9 SP - 3125 EP - 3132 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aliyah, K. A1 - Prehal, C. A1 - Diercks, J. S. A1 - Diklić, N. A1 - Xu, L. A1 - Ünsal, S. A1 - Appel, C. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Guizar-Sicairos, M. A1 - Herranz, J. A1 - Gubler, L. A1 - Büchi, F. N. A1 - Eller, J. T1 - Quantification of PEFC Catalyst Layer Saturation via In Silico, Ex Situ, and In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering N2 - The complex nature of liquid water saturation of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst layers (CLs) greatly affects the device performance. To investigate this problem, we present a method to quantify the presence of liquid water in a PEFC CL using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). This method leverages the differences in electron densities between the solid catalyst matrix and the liquid water filled pores of the CL under both dry and wet conditions. This approach is validated using ex situ wetting experiments, which aid the study of the transient saturation of a CL in a flow cell configuration in situ. The azimuthally integrated scattering data are fitted using 3D morphology models of the CL under dry conditions. Different wetting scenarios are realized in silico, and the corresponding SAXS data are numerically simulated by a direct 3D Fourier transformation. The simulated SAXS profiles of the different wetting scenarios are used to interpret the measured SAXS data which allows the derivation of the most probable wetting mechanism within a flow cell electrode. KW - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell KW - Water management KW - Catalyst layer KW - Representative morphology modeling KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE KW - SAXS PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575973 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c00420 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 15 IS - 22 SP - 26538 EP - 26553 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-57597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Göbel, E. O. A1 - Hasche, K. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ade, G. A1 - Stümpel, J. A1 - Herrmann, K. A1 - Koenders, L. A1 - Thomsen-Schmidt, P. A1 - Pohlenz, F. A1 - Xu, M. A1 - Dai, G. A1 - Hoffmann, K.-P. A1 - Busch, I. A1 - Frank, W. A1 - Procop, M. A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Kalibrierte Schichtdicken-Maßverkörperungen für Nanometerschichten, Teilvorhaben - Kalibrierung von Schichtdicken-Maßverkörperungen im Nanometerbereich - Abschlussbericht des BMBF Verbundvorhabens 13N7704 - 13N77041 KW - Schichtdicke KW - Nanometerbereich PY - 2003 UR - http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01fb02/373214030.pdf SP - 1 EP - 131 PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-25428 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ritter, Martin A1 - Dziomba, T. A1 - Xu, M. A1 - Koenders, L. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Eine neue 3D Kalibrierstrategie für Mikro- und Nanomessverfahren T2 - Tagung "Messtechnik für Mikro- und Nano-Engineering" CY - Erlangen, Deutschland DA - 29.11.2006 KW - 3D Kalibrierung KW - Rastermikroskopie KW - Nanomarker PY - 2006 SN - 3-18-091950-7 IS - 1950 SP - 15 EP - 24 AN - OPUS4-16359 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merchel, S. A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Akhmadaliev, S. A1 - Arnold, M. A1 - Aumaître, G. A1 - Bourlès, D.L. A1 - Braucher, R. A1 - Caffee, M. A1 - Christl, M. A1 - Fifield, L.K. A1 - Finkel, R.C. A1 - Freeman, S.P.H.T. A1 - Ruiz-Gómez, A. A1 - Kubik, P.W. A1 - Martschini, M. A1 - Rood, D.H. A1 - Tims, S.G. A1 - Wallner, A. A1 - Wilcken, K. M. A1 - Xu, S. T1 - Quality assurance in accelerator mass spectrometry: results from an international round-robin exercise for 10Be N2 - The first international round-robin exercise for the measurement of the long-lived radionuclide 10Be has been conducted. Ten participating accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities have each measured three samples at the 10-12 to 10-14 10Be/9Be level. All results have been made traceable to the NIST SRM 4325 standard to avoid additional discrepancies that arise when different facilities use different calibration materials. Hence, the data concentrates on pure measurement distinctions. Multivariate statistical investigations have been performed to reveal a bias between facilities, i.e. two distinguished groups could be identified. Maximum discrepancies between two single facilities are in the range of 6–31% depending on the absolute 10Be/9Be value. These findings should be considered when comparing 10Be data produced at one AMS facility with that produced at another facility, which is e.g. often the case for in situ 10Be dating studies. Round-robin exercises are a very helpful tool as part of an overall quality assurance scheme to improve the accuracy, and not only the precision, of AMS data. KW - Accelerator mass spectrometry KW - Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) KW - Cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) KW - Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating KW - Calibration PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.038 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 289 SP - 68 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-26772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, F. A1 - Ren, H. A1 - Zheng, M. A1 - Shao, X. A1 - Dai, T. A1 - Wu, Y. A1 - Tian, L. A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Liu, B. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Liu, Y. T1 - Development of biodegradable bioactive glass ceramics by DLP printed containing EPCs/BMSCs for bone tissue engineering of rabbit mandible defects N2 - Bioactive glass ceramics have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity; and can form direct chemical bonds with human bones; thus, these ceramic are considered as “Smart” materials. In this study, we develop a new type of bioactive glass ceramic (AP40mod) as a scaffold containing Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and Mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair critical-sized bone defects in rabbit mandibles. For in vitro experiments: AP40mod was prepared by Dgital light processing (DLP) system and the optimal ratio of EPCs/BMSCs was screened by analyzing cell proliferation and ALP activity, as well as the influence of genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis by direct inoculation into scaffolds. The scaffold showed suitable mechanical properties, with a Bending strength 52.7 MPa and a good biological activity. Additionally, when EPCs/BMSCs ratio were combined at a ratio of 2:1 with AP40mod, the ALP activity, osteogenesis and angiogenesis were significantly increased. For in vivo experiments: application of AP40mod/EPCs/BMSCs (after 7 days of in vitro spin culture) to repair and reconstruct critical-sized mandible defect in rabbit showed that all scaffolds were successfully accurately implanted into the defect area. As revealed by macroscopically and CT at the end of 9 months, defects in the AP40mod/EPCs/BMSCs group were nearly completely covered by normal bone and the degradation rate was 29.9% compared to 20.1% in the AP40mod group by the 3D reconstruction. As revealed by HE and Masson staining analyses, newly formed blood vessels, bone marrow and collagen maturity were significantly increased in the AP40mod/EPCs/BMSCs group compared to those in the AP40mod group. We directly inoculated cells on the novel material to screen for the best inoculation ratio. It is concluded that the AP40mod combination of EPCs/BMSCs is a promising approach for repairing and reconstructing large load bearing bone defect. KW - Three-dimensional Bone tissue engineering KW - Endothelial progenitor cell KW - Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell KW - Bioactive glass scaffold PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103532 SN - 1751-6161 VL - 103 SP - 103532 EP - 103532 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-50491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Xu, W. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Peng, J. A1 - Luo, L. A1 - Gao, X. A1 - Li, J. T1 - Investigation on Wall Thickness Ranges Using Digital Radiography for Tangential Projection Technique N2 - X-ray testing is based on the attenuation of X-rays when passing through matter. Image detectors acquire the X-ray information which is defined by the local penetrated wall thickness of the tested sample. By X-ray absorption in the detector and following read-out and digitization steps a digital image is generated. As detectors a radiographic film and film digitization, a storage phosphor imaging plate and a special Laser scanner (Computer Radiography - CR) or a digital detector array (DDA) can be used. The digital image in the computer can then be further analyzed using many types of image processing. In the presented work the automated evaluation of wall thickness profiles are investigated using a test steel pipe with 9 different wall thicknesses and various X-ray voltages and different filter materials at the tube port and intermediate between object and detector. In this way the influence of different radiation qualities on the accuracy of the automated wall thickness evaluation depending on the penetrated wall thickness of the steel pipe was investigated. T2 - 10th International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics CY - Beijing, China DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Image evaluation KW - Computed radiography (CR) KW - Digital Detector Array (DDA) KW - Tangential radiography KW - Wall thickness measurement PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-51062580-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2506324 SN - 0277-786X VL - 10964 SP - Article Number: UNSP 109645B PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, WA AN - OPUS4-47346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, H.-J. A1 - Mack, J. A1 - Wu, D. A1 - Xue, Z.-L. A1 - Descalzo López, Ana Belén A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Kobayashi, N. A1 - Shen, Z. T1 - Synthesis and properties of fused-ring-expanded porphyrins that were core-modified with group 16 heteroatoms N2 - The synthesis of a series of novel core-modified and fused-ring-expanded tetraphenylporphyrins is reported. Theoretical calculations and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements were used to analyze the effect of core modification with Group 16 oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium atoms on the optical properties and electronic structures of the porphyrins. Marked redshifts of the Q and B bands and accelerated intersystem-crossing rates were observed, thus making these compounds potentially suitable for use in a variety of applications. The scope for further fine-tuning of these optical properties based on additional structural modifications, such as the incorporation of fused benzene rings to form ABAB structures by using a thiophene precursor with a fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene ring and the introduction of various substituents onto the meso-phenyl rings, is also examined. KW - Density functional calculations KW - Fluorescence KW - MCD spectroscopy KW - Porphyrinoids KW - Ring expansion PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201200956 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 18 IS - 52 SP - 16844 EP - 16867 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-27488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Descalzo López, Ana Belén A1 - Xu, H.-J. A1 - Xue, Z.-L. A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Shen, Z. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - You, X.-Z. A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Phenanthrene-Fused Boron-Dipyrromethenes as Bright Long-Wavelength Fluorophores N2 - A new class of boron-dipyrromethene (BDP or BODIPY) dyes was obtained by phenanthrene fusion to the β-pyrrole positions, absorbing in the wavelength range of important laser sources. Despite a 'propeller-like' distorted structure in the crystalline state, the chromophore absorbs (log ε ≥ 5) and fluoresces (Φf ≥ 0.8) strongly and can be easily turned into a fluorescence light-up probe. Incorporation into latex beads produces bright and photostable single-dye and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) particles for microscopy applications. KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Absorption KW - BODIPY-Farbstoffe KW - Ladungstransfer KW - NIR-Farbstoffe PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ol800271e SN - 1523-7060 SN - 1523-7052 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 1581 EP - 1584 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-17511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -