TY - JOUR A1 - Shiraishi, M. A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Takenobu, T. A1 - Iwasa, Y. A1 - Ata, M. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Spetroscopic characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes carrier-doped by encapsulation of TCNQ N2 - etracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) molecules encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were investigated by using core level and valence band x-ray photoemission spectroscopy as well as near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The pi-band and pi*-band structures in these molecular systems were investigated, and it was clearly confirmed that a charge transfer occurred in TCNQ-doped SWNTs. TCNQ molecules were negatively charged as to be expected. A depletion of the pi-band density of states of the SWNTs caused by the charge transfer to the TCNQ molecules was observed. KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS KW - SWNT KW - Modified nanotubes PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.125419 SN - 1098-0121 SN - 0163-1829 SN - 0556-2805 SN - 1095-3795 SN - 1550-235X VL - 71 SP - 125419-1-125419-7 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-7418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - NEXAFS - spectroscopy on plasma-polymerised films prepared from organic molecules (Acrylic acid, allylamine, ethylene) KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasmapolymere KW - Synchrotronstrahlung PY - 2005 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2004.pdf#page=315 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 315 EP - 317 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Shiraishi, M. A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Ata, M. T1 - Spectroscopic (NEXAFS, XPS) Characterization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Carrier Doped by Encapsulation of Organic Molecules (TCNQ) KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS KW - Nanotubes KW - Synchrotronstrahlung PY - 2005 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2004.pdf#page=101 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 101 EP - 103 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7389 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Friedrich, Jörg F. A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Charakterisierung von Plasmapolymeren: "Viel hilft viel!" T2 - AK Plasma, Frühjahrstreffen 2006 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-05-30 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12497 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Senoner, Mathias T1 - Neuartig räumlich strukturierte Testproben für die Bestimmung der Abbildungsqualität und die Kalibrierung der Längenskala in der Rastersondenmikroskopie T2 - 2. Statuskolloquium des DFG SPP 1159 "Neue Strategien der Mess- und Prüftechnik für die Produktion von Mikrosystemen und Nanostrukturen" CY - Jena, Germany DA - 2006-05-29 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12451 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Controlled deposition from the gaseous phase: application of micro-surface analysis T2 - Marie Curie Actions: MINDE Micro and Nano Deposition (Course) European Academy of Surface Technology (EAST) CY - Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany DA - 2006-05-29 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12452 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Oberflächenanalytik CCQM P-38 T2 - Treffen der Netzwerkpartner "Metrologie in der Chemie", PTB CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2002-11-04 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6251 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Kompetenzen der Fachgruppe VIII.2 "Oberflächentechnologien" der BAM T2 - 9. Deutsches Anwendertreffen "Analytische GDS" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-09-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6240 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Web site for information on reference materials T2 - Final General Meeting EU-GDS Network CY - Wiener Neustadt, Austria DA - 2002-03-02 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6217 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senoner, Mathias A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Escher, M. A1 - Weber, N. A1 - Funnenmann, D. A1 - Krömker, B. T1 - Testing of Lateral Resolution in the Nanometre Range Using the BAM-L002 - Certified Reference Material: Application to ToF-SIMS IV and NanoESCA Instruments T2 - International Symposium on Practical Surface Analysis CY - Jeju, Republic of Corea DA - 2004-10-04 KW - ESCA KW - Nanometrologie KW - Nanotechnologie KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - SIMS KW - XPS KW - Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial PY - 2005 SN - 1341-1756 SN - 1347-8400 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 78 EP - 82 CY - Tsukuba AN - OPUS4-11146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Kontrollierte Abscheidung und Alterung von Plasmapolymerschichten N2 - Es wird gezeigt, dass mit einer Kombination der Oberflächenanalyseverfahren ESCA, ToF- SIMS und XAS eine erfolgreiche chemische Charakterisierung von Plasmapolymerfilmen erreicht werden kann. Es werden Elemente und Bindungstypen identifiziert und (semi-)quantitativ bestimmt. Eine Korrelation zwischen Abscheidebedingungen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Plasmapolymerschichten kann hergestellt werden; eine kontrollierte Abscheidung wird damit möglich. Alterungsprozesse, die als Folge einer Atmosphärenexposition auftreten, können beobachtet werden. Die direkte Verbindung der Analysetechniken mit einem Plasmareaktor ermöglicht es, die Alterungsphänomene der Schichten systematisch mit Bezug auf eine frisch abgeschiedene und keinerlei Atomsphäre ausgesetzte Plasmapolymerschicht zu studieren. Die Verfahrensweise wird exemplarisch am Beispiel von Ethylen-, Allylamin- und Allylalkohol-Plasmapolymerschichten demonstriert. KW - ESCA KW - XAS KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Plasmapolymer KW - Alterung PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200600276 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 6 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-12061 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Unger, Brita T1 - Abschlussbericht zum Vorhaben Verbundwerkstoff - Mineralisiertes Holz - FKZ: 033 9829 - Förderschwerpunkt "Integrierter Umweltschutz im Bereich der Holzwirtschaft" des Bundesministeriums für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBF - Projektlaufzeit: 1.10.2000-30.9.2003 KW - Mineralisiertes Holz KW - Sol-Gel KW - Holz KW - Vakuumtränkung KW - Holzschutz KW - Biozide PY - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 94 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12055 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Gross, Thomas T1 - XPS/ESCA: Ringversuchserebnisse T2 - Seminar Oberflächenanalytik: Technische Aspekte der Akkreditierung nach ISO/IEC 17025, SOFA' 03 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-01-24 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4395 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ünveren, Ercan A1 - Kemnitz, E. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Characterization of Chromia for Chlorine/Fluorine Exchange Reactions N2 - The dismutation of CCl2F2 was used to probe the effect of halogenation of chromia by Cl/F exchange reactions to find out the difference between the halogenated inactive and active catalysts. The heterogeneous reactions were performed in a continuous flow Ni reactor and also under simulated reaction conditions in a reactor where after the reaction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) analyses are possible without air exposure of the catalyst, i.e., under so-called "in situ" conditions. The Cr(III) 2p XP spectra, which revealed multiplet splitting features and satellite emission, were used for chemical analysis by using a simple evaluation procedure which neglects this inherent complexity. Chemical analysis was also applied by using chemical state plots for Cr 3s in order to cross-check Cr 2p related results. Both ex and in situ XPS show that as soon as Cr2O3 is exposed to CCl2F2 at 390°C fluorination as well as chlorination takes place at the catalyst surface. When the XPS surface composition reaches approximately 4 at. % fluorination and 6 at. % chlorination, maximum catalytic activity was obtained. Application of longer reaction times did not change significantly the obtained surface composition of the activated chromia. The fluorination and chlorination of chromia was further investigated by various HF and HCl treatments. The activated chromia samples and the Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrF2OH, CrF3·H2O, α-CrF3, β-CrF3, and CrCl3 reference samples with well-known chemical structures were also characterized by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), pyridine-FTIR, wet chemical (F and Cl) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and surface area (BET) analysis. The results suggest that the formation of chromium oxide chloride fluoride species, e.g., chromium oxide halides, at the surface is sufficient to provide catalytic activity. The presence of any CrF3 and/or CrCl3 phases on the activated chromia samples was not found. PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045902r SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 109 IS - 5 SP - 1903 EP - 1913 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-10531 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Friedrich, Jörg F. A1 - Matsubayashi, N. T1 - R.F. Plasma-polymerized Polymer Films: Comprehensive Surface and in Depth Chemical Characterization by XAS, XPS and ToF-SIMS T2 - 11th Eurpean Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis, ECASIA`05 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2005-09-25 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Murthy, J.K. A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Rüdiger, S. A1 - Ünveren, Ercan A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kemnitz, E. T1 - Synthesis and characterization of chromium(III)-doped magnesium fluoride catalysts N2 - Cr3+-doped MgF2 systems are synthesised by a novel non-aqueous soft chemistry route using different Cr precursors and varying Cr loading. These systems have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, TPD of ammonia, FT-IR pyridine adsorption analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for their catalytic activity in dismutation of CCl2F2 and CF3–CHClF. Catalysts synthesised starting from CrO3 or (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2 showed better catalytic activity than those prepared with CrCl3. FT-IR pyridine adsorption studies reveal that the catalytic activity is highly correlated with the Lewis acid strength. In TPD of NH3 catalysts prepared from CrO3 and (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2, precursors showed a similar behaviour, different from that of catalysts prepared from CrCl3. KW - Lewis acid KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Metal fluoride KW - Doped systems PY - 2005 SN - 0926-860X SN - 1873-3875 VL - 282 IS - 1-2 SP - 85 EP - 91 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface analysis of Plasma Deposited Polymer Films, 5 - ToF-SSIMS Characterization of Plasma Deposited Allyl Alcohol Films N2 - The effect of the composite plasma parameter P/F, where P is the plasma power and F is the monomer flow rate, on the chemical character of pulsed plasma deposited allyl alcohol films was investigated by ToF-SSIMS. Information on the unsaturated character, the cross-linked and/or branched character of the plasma polymer films was derived in detail. The problem of the retention of OH groups in plasma deposited allyl alcohol films was elucidated in detail using SSIMS data. The lowest conversion rate from the monomer's hydroxyl groups to other oxygen functionalities in the plasma was concluded for the plasma polymer film produced at a P/F ratio of 0.05 W · sccm-1. It was found that the overall oxygen content of the films decreased vs. increasing P/F ratio. Because the freshly prepared films were investigated without air exposure, ageing on ambient air could be studied in detail. It was found that in the case of plasma deposited allyl alcohol films the ageing on air is probably based on two competing processes which are discussed in detail. Additionally, a review of literature data on the characterization of plasma deposited allyl alcohol films is given. KW - Ageing KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Plasma polymerization KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400075 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 563 EP - 571 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Aging of Plasma-Deposited Films Prepared from Organic Monomers N2 - Plasma-deposited polymer films were prepared from organic molecules and investigated using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for aging effects after exposure to air. Results from the investigation of homopolymers are summarized. Primarily the effect of the deposition parameters duty cycle and power are dealt with. The effect of the deposition parameter pressure is briefly discussed. An example to show the effect of feed gas composition on the aging of plasma polymerized ethylene/allyl alcohol and styrene/allyl alcohol copolymer is also given. In general, change in content of unsaturated or aromatic species, change in concentration of monomer functionality, and change in the oxygen content was observed in the plasma polymerized films on aging. KW - Plasma copolymer KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization PY - 2007 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - S1 SP - S784 EP - S789 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11934 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 4 - In situ Characterization of Plasma-Deposited Ethylene Films by XPS and NEXAFS N2 - XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy were used for the chemical characterization of pulsed plasma-deposited ethylene films before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of external plasma parameters on the spectroscopic results was investigated. Information on the chemical character of the plasma-polymerized films, such as the regularity of the primary structure, the amount of long-living radicals, and branching or cross-linking or both was derived from this data. Irregularity and radical concentration for post-plasma reactions of the plasma-deposited films increased with the duty cycle or power. A decreased level of monomer fragmentation and, consequently, an increase in regularity is partially concluded from the experimental data when the monomer pressure is increased. The concentration of surface radicals available for post-plasma reactions also increased with monomer pressure. The correlation found between the degree of the post-plasma oxygen incorporation and the variation of the various external parameters agreed with earlier ToF-SSIMS findings. KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - Thin films PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400070 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 310 EP - 318 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Matsubayashi, N. T1 - Pulsed Plasma-polymerized Films Prepared from Organic Molecules: Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry T2 - Practical Surface Analysis PSA-04 & 5th Korea-Japan International Symposium on Surface Analysis - KJISSA CY - Jeju, South Korea DA - 2004-10-04 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -