TY - GEN A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Alexander, M. T1 - Chloride and sulphate content in concrete with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) T2 - International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting (ICCRRR) CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 2006-11-21 KW - LIBS KW - Chloridgehalt KW - Schwefelgehalt KW - Bauwerksuntersuchung KW - Zustandsermittlung KW - Betoninstandsetzung KW - Betonschäden PY - 2006 SN - 0-415-39654-9 N1 - Serientitel: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences – Series title: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences SP - 519 EP - 524 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-11682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) in Civil Engineering T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT : ECNDT Berlin 2006 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - NDT-EC KW - LIBS KW - Spectroscopy KW - Concrete damages KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate KW - Corrosion KW - Condition assessment KW - Quality assurance PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-13690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Cruz, P. ED - Frangopol, D. T1 - Chloride determination for condition assessment and quality assurance by LIBS T2 - 3rd International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management - "Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Performance and Cost" CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 2006-07-16 KW - LIBS KW - Chloride KW - Concrete PY - 2006 SN - 0-415-40315-4 N1 - Serientitel: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences – Series title: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences SP - 333 EP - 334 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-13716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Ermittlung des Chloridgehaltes von Betonproben mit Laser-Induzierter Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) T2 - 1. Kolloquium "Verkehrsbauten - Schwerpunkt Parkhäuser" CY - Esslingen, Deutschland DA - 2004-01-27 PY - 2004 SP - 651 EP - 657 PB - Techn. Akad. Esslingen CY - Esslingen AN - OPUS4-4402 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Einsatz der Laser-Induzierten Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) im Bauwesen - Teil 1: Verfahrensbeschreibung und Durchführung von Zementanalysen PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ernst-und-sohn.de/zeitschriften/artikelrecherche/index.php?zs=bst&t=Beton-+und+Stahlbetonbau+1970-heute+%28erscheint+monatlich%29&sort=hjd&page=1&bp=&bt=&bst=bst&mw=&dibt=&st=&bst_jahr=2004&bst_heft=8&absenden=%5BAuswahl+anzeigen%5D SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 99 IS - 8 SP - 693 EP - 694 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-4403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Einsatz der Laser-Induzierten Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) im Bauwesen - Teil 2: Ermittlung von bauschädlichen Salzen PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ernst-und-sohn.de/zeitschriften/artikelrecherche/index.php?zs=bst&t=Beton-+und+Stahlbetonbau+1970-heute+%28erscheint+monatlich%29&sort=hjd&page=1&bp=&bt=&bst=bst&mw=&dibt=&st=&bst_jahr=2004&bst_heft=8&absenden=%5BAuswahl+anzeigen%5D SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 99 IS - 9 SP - 761 EP - 762 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-4404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Ryahi, Solh A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Quantitative determination of sulfur content in concrete with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been employed for the investigation of the sulfur content of concrete. Sulfur compounds are a natural but minor component in building materials. The ingress of sulfates or sulfuric acid constitutes a major risk of chemical aggression for concrete. There is a need for a fast method, which can be used on-site and is able to investigate a wide range of different measuring points, so that damages can be characterized. For quantitative determination the sulfur spectral line at 921.3 nm is used. The optimum ambient atmosphere has been determined by comparison of measurements accomplished under air, argon and helium atmosphere. Reference samples have been produced and calibration curves have been determined, the results of LIBS measurements are compared with results from chemical analysis. Defining a limit for the intensity ratio of a calcium and a oxygen spectral line can reduce the influence of the heterogeneity of the material, so that only spectra with a high amount of cementitious material are evaluated. Depth profiles and spatial resolved sulfur distributions are presented measured on concrete cores originating from a highly sulfate contaminated clarifier. KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Sulfur content KW - Building materials KW - Heterogeneity KW - Depth profiles PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2005.05.036 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 60 IS - 7-8 SP - 1121 EP - 1131 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-10997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Detailed depth profiles of sulfate ingress into concrete measured with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Sulfate attack constitutes a major risk of chemical aggression for concrete and other building materials. Mainly structures exposed to sewage waters and sulfate rich soils are affected. The measurement of sulfate ingress is important for damage assessment previous to repair works and for quality assurance of the effectiveness of protecting coatings or during concrete removal. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is introduced for the quantitative measurement of sulfur contents in building materials, providing detailed depth profiles and imaging element distributions with 1 mm spatial resolution. Detailed statistical evaluation is possible due to the spatial resolution and the fast measurement of the method. Practical applications of the method for damage assessment are demonstrated for three different sewage plants. KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Sulfate attack KW - Sulfur content KW - Concrete KW - Sewage plant KW - Depth profiles KW - Element distribution PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.016 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 275 EP - 283 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-18426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Effect of heterogeneity on the quantitative determination of trace elements in concrete N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used for quantitative measurement of trace elements, e.g. sulfur and chlorine, in concrete. Chloride and sulfate ions have a large effect on the durability of concrete structures, and quantitative measurement is important for condition assessment and quality assurance. Concrete is a highly heterogeneous material in composition and grain-size distribution, i.e. the spatial distribution of elements. Calibration plots were determined by use of laboratory-made reference samples consisting of pressings of cement powder, hydrated cement, cement mortar, and concrete, in which the heterogeneity of the material is increasing because of the aggregates. Coarse aggregate and cement paste are distinguishable by the intensity of the Ca spectral lines. More advanced evaluation is necessary to account for the effect of the fine aggregate. The three series of reference samples enable systematic study of the effects of heterogeneity on spectral intensity, signal fluctuation, uncertainty, and limits of detection. Spatially resolved measurements and many spectra enable statistical evaluation of the data. The heterogeneity has an effect on measurement of the sulfur and chlorine content, because both occur mainly in the cement matrix. Critical chloride concentrations are approximately 0.04% (m/m). The chlorine spectral line at 837.6 nm is evaluated. The natural sulfur content of concrete is approximately 0.1% (m/m). The spectral line at 921.3 nm is evaluated. One future application may be simultaneous determination of the amount of damaging trace elements and the cement content of the concrete. KW - LIBS KW - Heterogeneity KW - Concrete KW - Chlorine KW - Sulfur PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0362-0 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 385 IS - 2 SP - 248 EP - 255 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Praktische Anwendungen der Laser-Induzierten Plasma Spektroskopie im Bauwesen - Fallstudien an einem Klärbehälter und einem Parkdeck T2 - DGZfP-Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose "Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2006-02-22 KW - LIBS KW - Beton PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-71-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12208 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Molkenthin, André A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Chlorid- und Sulfatanalyse mit LIBS - vom Laborverfahren zum Baustellengerät T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2008 - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2008-02-21 KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Bewehrungskorrosion KW - Chlorid KW - Sulfat PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-940283-08-5 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung – Series title: Berichtsband der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung IS - 112 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18653 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bruns, M. A1 - Raupach, M. A1 - Balzer, H. A1 - Gehlen, D. A1 - Noll, R. A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Taffe, Alexander ED - Susanne Gieler-Breßmer, T1 - Bildgebende Laseranalyse der Chlorid- und Sulfatverteilung in Beton T2 - 3. Kolloquium Verkehrsbauten - Schwerpunkt Parkhäuser/Brücken CY - Ostfildern, Deutschland DA - 2008-01-29 KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure Reaktion KW - Tausalz KW - Ionen Transport PY - 2008 SN - 3-924813-72-8 IS - Tagungshandbuch 2008 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-18654 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Gieler-Breßmer, S. T1 - Zuverlässige Bestimmung von Chloridgehalten bei der Instandsetzung tausalzgeschädigter Bauwerke T2 - 4. Kolloquium Verkehrsbauten - Schwerpunkt Parkhäuser CY - Ostfildern, Deutschland DA - 2010-02-02 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen KW - Chloridanalyse KW - Betoninstandsetzung KW - Parkhäuser KW - LIBS KW - Portables LIBS KW - Tausalz PY - 2010 SN - 3-924813-82-5 IS - Kap. 11.1 SP - 405 EP - 412 CY - Ostfildern AN - OPUS4-20874 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molkenthin, André A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter T1 - Visualisierung des Anionen- und Kationentransportes sowie die Quantifizierung des Cl- und S-Gehaltes mittels Laserinduzierter Breakdown-Spektroskopie (LIBS) KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure Reaktion KW - Tausalz KW - Ionen Transport KW - Chlorid KW - Sulfat PY - 2007 SN - 0514-2946 VL - 1 SP - 30 EP - 33 CY - Wien, Österreich AN - OPUS4-18632 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Visualization of chloride and sulfate ingress into concrete by element distributions and depth profiles determined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) T2 - 5th International Essen Workshop "Transport in Concrete - Nanostructure and Macrostructure" (TRANSCON 07) CY - Essen, Deutschland DA - 2007-06-11 KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate KW - Depth profile PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931681-88-3 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - Aedificatio Verl. CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-18635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike ED - M.G. Alexander, ED - H.-D. Beushausen, ED - F. Dehn, ED - P. Moyo, T1 - Development of a portable LIBS-device for quality assurance in concrete repair T2 - 2nd International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 2008-11-24 KW - NDT KW - Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy KW - Quality assurance KW - Damage analysis KW - Concrete repair KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-415-46850-3 SP - 547 EP - 549 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton AN - OPUS4-18601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Naus, D. T1 - Non-destructive Testing of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures State of the Art Report N2 - Nuclear Power Plants have been in operation for ca. 50 years. Based on this experience, non-destructive testing tasks specific to thick and highly reinforced nuclear containment structures have materialized. The performance based Service life extension of existing NPPs also needs a measurement based decision to support continuing the service of the concrete part of the installations. By nature, concrete is a very durable material and any natural Deterioration processes may take a long time to become critical to the structure. The experience of more than 50 years of service limits the testing tasks to a few ones which are not yet solved. Research in NDT of concrete structures is performed by many research institutions all over the world with different technical and systematic approaches. Results are mainly obtained on laboratory specimens, sometimes additional field studies are reported. This research takes place independently without coordination and as a result, the outcomes mostly lack full comparability. Software for data analysis has become indispensable and very powerful. This part of testing needs more attention when it comes to evaluate test results. Validation of NDE solutions is becoming a critical part in concrete structure testing. Validation is by definition the proof that a customer´s requirements in the test are being met by the testing solution. This includes equipment, personnel qualification and data analysis. In the following tables, the research recommendation Validation is used in the sense, that proof of the performance of existing solutions needs to be adressed. In general, a validation methodology for NDE solutions for concrete testing in itself needs to be researched and established. Comparability of research also needs an accepted and easily accessible reference. From experience, it is almost impossible to manufacture exact copies of test specimens at different locations. Round Robin tests are therefore needed to evaluate the performance of a test. Data evaluation is generally done using dedicated software, sometimes Hardware dependant and not interchangeable between systems. Software is ever more increasingly becoming more powerful and sophisticated. An in-depth evaluation needs to address the comparability and validation of Software used for data analysis and evaluation. The vision of a unified software pool for NDE investigations would undoubtedly support research tremendously. Quantitative NDE is mostly recommended to assess the condition of a structure. However, qualitative data can be very useful, especially for processes which change the material properties or deteriorate the structure (e.g. corrosion of reinforcement). The need for reliable baseline data is a key factor for such monitoring tasks. KW - Nuclear structures KW - Non-destructive testing KW - State of the art KW - Research needs PY - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 120 PB - BAM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -