TY - CONF A1 - Schultheiß, Annika L. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Bogner, Andreas A1 - Patel, Ravi T1 - Lessons learnt on quantiative spatial chloride analysis using libs and µXRF N2 - Understanding chloride ingress is crucial in the context of the durability of concrete structures against corrosion. Techniques such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Micro X‑ray Fluorescence (µXRF) can provide a 2D representation of chloride ingress. However, obtaining quantitative data from such techniques is not a trivial task. In this study, we focus on factors such as sample preparation, measurement settings, calibration strategy, and post-processing of results which directly affect the outcome of the experiments but are rarely discussed in the literature. T2 - Rilem Annual Week 2024 CY - Toulouse, Frankreich DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Durability KW - Chloride ingress KW - LIBS KW - µXRF KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Imaging PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-61664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völker, Tobias A1 - Gottlieb, Cassian A1 - Kapteina, Gesa A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Reichling, Kenji T1 - Neues DGZfP-Merkblatt B14: Quantifizierung von Chlorid in Beton mittels LIBS N2 - Bei der Erhaltung von Stahlbetonbauwerken ist der Chloridgehalt im Beton ein wichtiger Parameter zur Festlegung geeigneter Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen. Die bisher etablierten Verfahren basieren auf der nasschemischen Analyse einer Probe, Bohrmehl oder aufgemahlener Segmente eines Bohrkerns. Das Verfahren liefert einen Chloridgehalt je Tiefensegment, was mit einer starken Homogenisierung der Probe einhergeht, wodurch detaillierte Informationen zu Chloridunterschieden im Millimeterbereich verloren gehen. Eine alternative Methode ist die laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS), die nicht nur die quantitative ortsaufgelöste Bestimmung des Chloridgehalts im Bezug zur Zementmasse ermöglicht, sondern auch simultan detaillierte Informationen über die Verteilung vieler anderer chemischer Elemente liefert. Die räumliche Auflösung liegt in der Regel im Bereich von einigen Millimetern, kann aber bei Bedarf auf 0,1 mm oder weniger erhöht werden. Das neue Merkblatt B14 „Quantifizierung von Chlorid in Beton mit der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS)“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen (DGZfP) regelt und vereinheitlicht erstmals die zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Ermittlung des Chloridgehalts mit LIBS. In diesem Beitrag wird das Merkblatt vorgestellt und anhand praktischer Anwendungsbeispiele das Potenzial von LIBS für Fragestellungen in der Betonerhaltung verdeutlicht. KW - LIBS KW - Chlor KW - Chlorid KW - Beton KW - Bauwerksdiagnostik PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202400014 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-60005 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalichow, Dirk A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Chemical Investigation of Concrete—Status of Practical Application N2 - The assessment and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures depends largely on knowledge of the chloride content and chloride ingress. Common methods are the wet chemical analysis of drill dust or powder from ground drill core segments. However, due to the homogenization process, this approach often fails to detect locally elevated chloride levels. A state-of-the-art alternative method is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which offers rapid analysis and the possibility of detecting several chemical elements simultaneously. This method is particularly characterized by its ability to measure light elements such as hydrogen, carbon or sodium. The spatial resolution of LIBS is usually 0.25 mm but can be increased to 0.1 mm or less if required. BARG, is the first commercial building materials laboratory in Germany to use LIBS in practice. The current LIBS setup enables rapid, spatial quantification of the chlorine content and at the same time the creation of element maps that visually represent the distribution of essential elements in the concrete. This method can be used to localize areas of elevated chlorine content, particularly in cracks or near reinforcing bars. With the ability to analyze several elements simultaneously, LIBS can determine measurement points associated with the cement phase and, taking into account the water content, relate the measured contents directly to the cement mass. The detailed ingress profiles determined by LIBS provide essential data for the estimation of accurate chlorine diffusion coefficients, which are crucial for probabilistic lifetime predictions. The estimation of the carbon distribution enables the localization of carbonated regions and their effect on the chloride distribution. The possibility of quantitatively determining the sulfur distribution also indicates areas that are affected by a possible sulfate attack. The presentation uses practical examples to demonstrate the possibilities and advantages of the LIBS method. In addition, the newly published leaflet B14 of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing (DGZfP) will be presented, which describes the use of LIBS for the quantitative determination of chloride content in concrete. T2 - ICCRRR 2024 CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Corrosion KW - Repair KW - Maintenance PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75507-1_40 VL - 59 SP - 411 EP - 420 AN - OPUS4-62480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schultheiß, Annika L. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Bogner, Andreas A1 - Patel, Ravi T1 - Lessons learnt on quantitative spatial chloride analysis using LIBS and μXRF N2 - Understanding chloride ingress is crucial in the context of the durability of concrete structures against corrosion. Techniques such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Micro X‑ray Fluorescence (µXRF) can provide a 2D representation of chloride ingress. However, obtaining quantitative data from such techniques is not a trivial task. In this study, we focus on factors such as sample preparation, measurement settings, calibration strategy, and post-processing of results which directly affect the outcome of the experiments but are rarely discussed in the literature. T2 - Rilem Annual Week 2024 CY - Toulouse, France DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Chloride ingress KW - LIBS, µXRF KW - Imaging KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Durability PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61663 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -