TY - JOUR A1 - Moritz, W. A1 - Werner, R. A1 - Tausche, A. A1 - Cherkaschinin, G. A1 - Molajew, R. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Linke, S. T1 - Alloys for gas sensors investigated using the continuous gradient-high throughput screening macroscope CG-HTSM N2 - Ternary alloys have been studied as the gate metal of chemical sensors based on the field effect in silicon. The investigation of reduced poisoning of hydrogen sensors by H2S is presented in the alloy system PdxNiyCo1-x-y. A new method in high throughput screening of alloys is applied. Not singular sample compositions but a continuous gradient in alloy concentrations was produced on a semiconductor sample. A laser scanning system produces a photo current in the semiconductor to map the sensor signal and provide a quasi continuous alloy characterization. The new system is therefore called Continuous Gradient—High Throughput Screening Macroscope (CG-HTSM). Typically 625 alloys are characterized in 15 minutes. The resolution of our set-up allows distinguishing 100.000 alloy compositions. KW - Alloy KW - Sensor KW - High throughput screening KW - Macroscope PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2011.1586 SN - 1546-198X SN - 1546-1971 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 662 EP - 664 PB - American Scientific Publishers (ASP) CY - Stevenson Ranch, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-24504 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzweber, Markus A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Hesse, R. A1 - Denecke, R. A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - The use of ionic liquids for the determination of the spectrometer transmission function in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) N2 - The uncertainty of measurement in quantitative XPS analysis can be reduced by using a calibrated spectrometer transmission function T (E), which is usually determined by taking spectra from Au, Ag, Cu and Ge elemental reference materials. However, this approach is quite time-consuming due to required sample preparation steps like sputter cleaning etc., and the relatively big number of samples to be measured. This contribution proposes the use of the ionic liquids [C2C1im][NTf2] and [C3C1im][NTf2] as reference materials for a determination of T(E). These multi-elemental samples deliver five intensive photoemission peaks, F 1s, O 1s, N 1s, C 1s and S 2p, in an energy window from 160 eV to 700 eV which is of specific interest for applications of quantitative XPS for surface chemical analysis of soft matter, one of the major applications of XPS. KW - Quantitative XPS KW - Ionic liquid KW - Transmission function PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2019.03.008 VL - 233 SP - 51 EP - 56 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-48019 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Buffière, J.-Y. A1 - Wegener, T. A1 - Niendorf, T. A1 - Wu, T. A1 - Zhang, X. A1 - Kashaev, N. A1 - Meneghetti, G. A1 - Hrabe, Nik A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Koukolikova, M. A1 - Prochazka, R. A1 - Dzugan, J. A1 - Möller, B. A1 - Beretta, S. A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Wagener, R. A1 - Schnabel, K. T1 - Damage tolerant design of additively manufactured metallic components subjected to cyclic loading: State of the art and challenges N2 - This article is an outcome of a workshop on Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metallic Components jointly organized by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Berlin, Germany and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Boulder, CO, U.S.A. The aim of the workshop was a comprehensive discussion of the specific aspects of additively manufactured (AM) components in regard to failure under cyclic loading. Undoubtedly, a better understanding and the further development of approaches for damage tolerant component design of AM parts are among the most significant challenges currently facing the use of these new technologies. This article presents a thorough overview of the workshop discussions. It aims to provide a review of the parameters affecting the damage tolerance of AM parts with special emphasis on the process parameters intrinsic to the AM technologies, the resulting defects and residual stresses. Based on these aspects, concepts for damage tolerant component design for AM are reviewed and critically discussed. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Fatigue loading KW - Component assessment KW - Damage tolerance KW - Defects KW - Residual stresses PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100786 SN - 0079-6425 VL - 121 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-51937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters. The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy. KW - Calibration KW - Ellipsometry KW - GIXRR KW - Interlaboratory study KW - MEIS KW - Neutron reflectometry KW - NRA KW - RBS KW - Silicon dioxide KW - SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1269 EP - 1303 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-5549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements KW - SiO2 KW - Thin films KW - Thickness KW - XPS KW - Ellipsometry KW - TEM PY - 2003 SN - 1473-2734 SP - 57 pages AN - OPUS4-4118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moldovan, R.-P. A1 - Wenzel, B. A1 - Teodoro, R. A1 - Neumann, W. A1 - Dukic-Stefanovic, S. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Rong, P. A1 - Deuther-Conrad, W. A1 - Hey-Hawkins, E. A1 - Krügel, U. A1 - Brust, P. T1 - Studies towards the development of a PET radiotracer for imaging of the P2Y1 receptors in the brain: synthesis, 18F-labeling and preliminary biological evaluation N2 - Purine nucleotides such as ATP and ADP are important extracellular signaling molecules in almost all tissues activating various subtypes of purinoreceptors. In the brain, the P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) subtype mediates trophic functions like differentiation and proliferation, and modulates fast synaptic transmission, both suggested to be affected in diseases of the central nervous system. Research on P2Y1R is limited because suitable brain-penetrating P2Y1R-selective tracers are not yet available. Here, we describe the first efforts to develop an 18F-labeled PET tracer based on the structure of the highly affine and selective, non-nucleotidic P2Y1R allosteric modulator 1-(2-[2-(tert-butyl)phenoxy]pyridin-3-yl)-3- [4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (7). A small series of fluorinated compounds was developed by systematic modification of the p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, the urea and the 2-pyridyl subunits of the lead compound 7. Additionally, the p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl subunit was substituted by carborane, a boron-rich cluster with potential applicability in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). By functional assays, the new fluorinated derivative 1-{2-[2-(tert-butyl)phenoxy]pyridin-3-yl}-3-[4-(2-fluoroethyl) phenyl]urea (18) was identified with a high P2Y1R antagonistic potency (IC50 ¼10 nM). Compound [18F] 18 was radiosynthesized by using tetra-n-butyl ammonium [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical purity, radiochemical yield and molar activities. Investigation of brain homogenates using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) revealed [18F]fluoride as major radiometabolite. Although [18F]18 showed fast in vivo metabolization, the high potency and unique allosteric binding mode makes this class of compounds interesting for further optimizations and investigation of the theranostic potential as PET tracer and BNCT agent. KW - Purine P2Y1 receptors KW - Positron emission tomography KW - Brain PET tracers KW - Radiometabolites KW - Micellar chromatography KW - Hydrophilic interaction chromatography PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.006 SN - 0223-5234 VL - 165 SP - 142 EP - 159 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-47253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Ekenhorst, Derk A1 - Brzezinka, Klaus-Werner A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. ED - Krenkel, W. T1 - Fiber Induced Failure of Carbon/Carbon Composites T2 - 4th International Conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites ; 4th HT-CMC Conference CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2001-10-01 PY - 2001 SN - 3-527-30320-0 VL - 4 SP - 175 EP - 180 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Storek, Werner A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Lischke, G. A1 - Parlitz, B. A1 - Fricke, R. T1 - Acidity and active sites of Al-MCM-41 N2 - The influence of the aluminum contents of MCM-41 (Si/Al ratio varied between 2.7 and 69) on the coordination of Al, on the acidity, and on the catalytic properties is studied by 27Al MAS NMR, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, and the conversion of acetone. Based on TPDA results, an assignment of the peaks of desorption of ammonia is proposed. With low Al contents, the concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites, which are attributed to tetrahedral aluminum, increases with growing Al amounts. At higher Al contents, however, the number of strong acid sites decreases again. Besides usual strong Brønsted sites, TPDA reveals the existence of weak Brønsted and Lewis sites and of Lewis sites of a high acidic strength. Separation between the two types of sites of weak acidity is incomplete. In the temperature programmed decomposition of NH4-exchanged MCM-41 samples, strong Lewis acid sites temporarily re-adsorb ammonia generated by the thermal decomposition of the NH4+ ions located at the Brønsted sites. Ammonia re-adsorption at Lewis sites results in a shift of the maximum of the TPDA peak to a higher temperature. Calcination of samples leads to the formation of strong Lewis sites at the expense of Brønsted sites. To evaluate the acidity of Al-MCM-41, recording of decomposition profiles has been extended to Ga- and Fe-MCM-41. Catalytic activity in the conversion of acetone reaches its maximum with the sample based on Al-MCM-41 with the molar Si/Al ratio of 6.85. Highly favored formation of isobutene points to a comparably high acidic strength of the active sites. KW - MCM-41 PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00078-2 SN - 0926-860X SN - 1873-3875 VL - 184 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-740 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, M. A1 - Trunschke, A. A1 - Bentrup, U. A1 - Brzezinka, Klaus-Werner A1 - Schreier, E. A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Pohl, M.-M. A1 - Fricke, R. T1 - Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia over Egg-Shell MnOx/NaY Composite Catalysts N2 - A novel composite catalyst system for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 is described operating at temperatures lower than 470 K in the presence of water with NO conversions of 80–100% at space velocities of 30,000–50,000 h-1. The catalyst is prepared by egg-shell precipitation of MnO2 on the external surface of zeolite NaY. Structural and thermal stability of precipitated MnO2 as well as of the MnO2/NaY composite catalyst were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and electron microscopy. MnO2 precipitated on zeolite NaY (15 wt% loading) retained its amorphous state up to calcination temperatures of 775 K. The zeolite component remained structurally intact. Calcination at higher temperatures destroyed the zeolite structure and transformed MnO2 into Mn3O4. DRIFT spectroscopic investigations revealed the presence of symmetric O=N—O—N=O species formally corresponding to N2O3 on the composite catalyst after contact with NO. Catalytic measurements under integral flow conditions showed that the catalyst performance is associated with a close coupling of nitrite formation and its drain off from equilibria with NO/NO2 and nitrate by ammonia. Several results are in line with the “diazotation” mechanism, including NH3 protonation to NH4+, whereas prevailing Lewis acid sites should enable NH3 activation via amide species, thus leading to a parallel “amide/nitrosamide” SCR reaction route. The activity-temperature profile fulfills the requirements of a low-temperature NOx reduction catalyst for mobile diesel engines if an ammonia supply is implemented “on board,” e.g., by urea decomposition. PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2001.3468 SN - 0021-9517 SN - 1090-2694 VL - 206 SP - 98 EP - 113 PB - Acad. Press CY - San Diego, Calif. AN - OPUS4-1638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drews, A. A1 - Pietzsch, H.-J. A1 - Syhre, R. A1 - Seifert, S. A1 - Varnäs, K. A1 - Hall, H. A1 - Halldin, C. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Karlsson, P. T1 - Synthesis and biological evaluation of technetium(III) mixed-ligand complexes with high affinity for the cerebral 5-HT1A receptor and the alpha-1-adrenergic receptor N2 - Tc(III) and Re(III) complexes [M(NS3)(CNR)] (M = Re, 99mTc, NS3 = 2,2?,2?-nitrilotris(ethanethiol), CNR = functionalized isocyanide bearing a derivative of WAY 100635) have been synthesized and characterized. Re was used as Tc surrogate for chemical characterization and in vitro receptor-binding studies. For two representatives subnanomolar affinities for the 5-HT1A as well as for the alpha1-adrenergic receptor were reached. Biodistribution studies in rats of the 99mTc complexes showed brain uptakes between 0.3 and 0.5% ID/organ (5 min p.i.). In vitro autoradiography of one 99mTc representative in sections of post mortem human brain indicate its accumulation in 5-HT1A receptor-rich brain regions. However, addition of the specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT as well as the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin could not substantially block this tracer accumulation. A preliminary SPET study in a monkey showed negligible brain uptake. KW - 5-HT1A receptor KW - Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor KW - Technetium-99m KW - Rhenium KW - Autoradiography KW - SPET PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8051(02)00296-2 SN - 0883-2897 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 389 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier Science Inc. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-1553 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heimbold, I. A1 - Drews, A. A1 - Kretzschmar, M. A1 - Varnäs, K. A1 - Hall, H. A1 - Halldin, C. A1 - Syhre, R. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Pietzsch, H.-J. T1 - Synthesis, Biological and Autoradiographic Evaluation of a Novel Tc-99m Radioligand derived from WAY 100635 with High Affinity for the 5-HT1A Receptor and the alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor N2 - This paper reports the synthesis, biological evaluation, in vitro and ex vivo autoradiography of the first Tc-99m ligand with subnanomolar affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor and a remarkably high affinity for the alpha1-adrenergic receptor. The neutral “3+1” mixed-ligand complex combines 4-(6-mercaptohexyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine as monodentate and 3-(N-methyl)azapentane-1,5-dithiol as tridentate unit with oxotechnetium(V). The analogous rhenium complex was synthesized for complete structural characterization and used in receptor binding assays. In competition experiments both complexes display subnanomolar affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (IC500.24 nM for Re, 0.13 nM for Tc) but also very high affinities for the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (IC50 0.05 nM for Re, 0.03 nM for Tc). Biodistribution studies show a brain uptake in rat of 0.22% ID five minutes post injection. In vitro autoradiographic studies in rat brain and postmortem human brain indicate accumulation of the Tc-99m complex in brain areas which are rich in 5-HT1A receptors or in alpha1-adrenergic receptors. This in vitro enrichment can be blocked respectively by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or by prazosin hydrochloride, an alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Ex vivo autoradiographic studies in rats show a slight accumulation of the Tc-99m complex in 5-HT1A receptor-rich areas of the brain, which could not be blocked, as well as in regions rich in alpha1-adrenergic receptors, which could be blocked by prazosin hydrochloride. KW - Serotonin-5-HT1A receptor KW - Tc-99m receptor ligand KW - WAY100635 analogue KW - Ligand synthesis KW - In vitro and ex vivo autoradiography KW - Receptor binding assay PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8051(01)00313-4 SN - 0883-2897 VL - 29 SP - 375 EP - 387 PB - Elsevier Science Inc. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-1554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rother, A. A1 - Kniess, T. A1 - Bergmann, R. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Jungclas, H. A1 - Spies, H. ED - Marino, N. T1 - Investigations on redox-active pyridium salt - dihydropyridine bearing Tc- and Re- complexes T2 - 6th International Symposium on Technetium in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine CY - Bressanone, Italy DA - 2002-09-04 PY - 2002 SN - 88-86281-73-0 N1 - Serientitel: Technetium, rhenium and other metals in chemistry and nuclear medicine – Series title: Technetium, rhenium and other metals in chemistry and nuclear medicine VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - SGEditoriali CY - Padova AN - OPUS4-1558 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Hässelbarth, Werner A1 - Hirlehei, U. A1 - Hotze, H.-J. A1 - Mickan, B. A1 - Kramer, R. A1 - Dopheide, D. T1 - Uncertainty Analysis and Long-Term Stability Investigation of the German Primary High Pressure Natural Gas Test Facility pigsar T2 - 11th FLOMEKO CY - Groningen, The Netherlands DA - 2003-05-12 PY - 2003 CY - [Groningen] AN - OPUS4-2653 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meißner, T. A1 - Bergmann, R. A1 - Oswald, J. A1 - Rode, K. A1 - Stephan, H. A1 - Richter, W. A1 - Zänker, H. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Reck, Günter T1 - Chitosan-encapsulated Keggin anion [Ti2W10PO40]7-.Synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake studies N2 - The Keggin type polyoxotungstate [Ti2W10PO40]7- forms stable associates with the biopolymer chitosan in the nanometer size range. The cluster compound crystallizes from aqueous solution as K4H3[Ti2W10PO40] · 15H2O having a tetragonal structure. Both, the cluster compound and the chitosan/[Ti2W10PO40] associates show a high hydrolytic stability at pH 7.4. The associates formed between the cluster anion [Ti2W10PO40]7- with the polyaminosaccharide chitosan have been characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, filtration, centrifugation and zeta potential measurements. The size of the associates formed is in the range of ca. 5×101 to 5×102 nm. These particles have a defined stoichiometry with 5–6 cluster anions bound per molecule chitosan. The isoelectric point determined by zeta potential measurements was found for a cluster anion to chitosan molar ratio of 5.5, indicating the charge neutralization between protonated chitosan and [Ti2W10PO40]7- anions. Cellular uptake studies with [Ti2W10PO40]7- using tumor cell lines FaDu (human squamous carcinoma) and HT-29 (human adenocarcinoma) showed that the tungsten amount inside the cells is remarkably enhanced in the presence of chitosan. KW - Cluster compound KW - Keggin structure KW - Bipolymer KW - Chitosan PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-006-0035-z SN - 0340-4285 SN - 1572-901X VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 603 EP - 610 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-12568 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bathke, Werner A1 - Philippovich, N. A1 - Stickler, R. A1 - Frieler, K. T1 - Brazing under microgravity - TEXUS II experiment T2 - 3rd European Symposium on Material Science in Space ; 3éme Symposium Européen de Science des Matériaux dans l'Espace CY - Grenoble, France DA - 1979-04-24 PY - 1979 SN - 0379-6566 N1 - Serientitel: ESA SP – Series title: ESA SP IS - 142 SP - 95 EP - 100 PB - European Space Agency CY - Neuilly AN - OPUS4-9207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bathke, Werner A1 - Philippovich, N. A1 - Stickler, R. A1 - Frieler, K. ED - Faust, D. T1 - Brazing of capillary gaps under microgravity - sounding rocket project TEXUS II PY - 1979 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Deutsche Forschungs- u. Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-9208 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daum, Werner A1 - Werthschützky, R. T1 - Strukturintegrierte Sensorik PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2012.9026 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 79 IS - 7-8 SP - 335 EP - 336 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-26386 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stößer, R. A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Herrmann, Werner A1 - Steinfeldt, N. ED - Petzow, G. T1 - Nachweis mechanisch induzierter Strukturänderungen bei Druck- bzw. Biegebelastung hochkorundhaltiger Werkstoffe mit Hilfe der Elektronenspinresonanz T2 - Beiträge zum Abschlußkolloquium im Schwerpunktprogramm "Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe" der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 1994-02-17 PY - 1996 SN - 3-527-27138-4 SP - 287 EP - 297 PB - VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-12653 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtschink, P. A1 - Stehr, S.N. A1 - Pietzsch, H.J. A1 - Bergmann, R. A1 - Pietzsch, J. A1 - Wunderlich, G. A1 - Heintz, A.C. A1 - Kropp, J. A1 - Spies, H. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Deussen, A. A1 - Walther, M. T1 - Modified "4+1" Mixed Ligand Technetium-Labeled Fatty Acids for Myocardial Imaging: Evaluation of Myocardial Uptake and Biodistribution N2 - Our group previously synthesized 99mTc-labeled fatty acids suitable for myocardial metabolism and flow imaging. In this set of experiments, 29 new analogues were synthesized according to the “4 + 1” mixed ligand approach with some specific differences. Conventional “4 + 1” 99mTc-fatty acids are built in the sequence: Tc-chelate, alkyl chain, and carboxylic group. We developed compounds following a new design with the sequence: carboxylic group, alkyl chain, Tc-chelate, and lipophilic tail. Therefore, the 99mTc-chelate was transferred to a more central position of the compound, aiming toward an improved myocardial profile and an accelerated liver clearance. In this context, several functional groups incorporated in the lipophilic tail section were tested to evaluate their influence on the compound's character. In addition to biodistribution studies in vivo, the myocardial first-pass extraction of the compounds was tested in an isolated Langendorff rat heart model. A satisfactory myocardial uptake of up to 20% of the injected dose (% ID) in the perfused heart and a fast liver clearance in vivo with only 0.29% ID/g at 60 min postinjection demonstrate that the induced molecular modifications affect the kinetics of 99mTc-radiolabeled fatty acid compounds favorably. From the data set, rules for estimating the biodistribution of fatty acids tracers are deduced. PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/bc700164c SN - 1043-1802 SN - 1520-4812 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 108 CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-16499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Senoner, Mathias A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kaiander, I. A1 - Sellin, R. L. A1 - Bimberg, D. ED - Wilkening, G. ED - Koenders, L. T1 - Testing the Lateral Resolution in the Nanometre Range with a New Type of Certified Reference Material T2 - NanoScale 2004 Seminar ; 6th Seminar on Quantitative Microscopy ; 2nd Seminar on Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2004-03-25 KW - Laterale Auflösung KW - Nanometrologie KW - Nanotechnologie KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial PY - 2004 SN - 3-527-40502-X DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch21 SP - 282 EP - 294 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-7541 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walther, M. A1 - Jung, C. M. A1 - Bergmann, R. A1 - Pietzsch, J. A1 - Rode, K. A1 - Fahmy, K. A1 - Mirtschink, P. A1 - Stehr, S. A1 - Heintz, A. A1 - Wunderlich, G. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Pietzsch, H.-J. A1 - Kropp, J. A1 - Deussen, A. A1 - Spies, H. T1 - Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Type of 99mTechnetium-Labeled Fatty Acid for Myocardial Metabolism Imaging PY - 2007 SN - 1043-1802 SN - 1520-4812 VL - 18 SP - 216 EP - 230 CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-14514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinrichs, R. A1 - Vasconcellos, M.A.Z. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Prietzel, Claudia T1 - A TEM snapshot of magnetite formation in brakes: the role of the disc's cast iron graphite lamellae in third body formation N2 - A cross-section sample of the friction film formed on top of a disc during a brake testing procedure against Polymer Matrix Composite pads was made using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB). The FIB-cut sampled the "third body" magnetite layer and the upper part of the cast iron disc containing a graphite flake. Images of the sample examined in a Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscope captured an instant view of the important role of the graphite flakes in magnetite formation, where few layer graphene batches interacted with the iron border promoting cracking and oxidation along the graphite–iron interface. The resulting nano-scale interlayer of magnetite and strongly disordered graphite formed a third body which yielded adequate brake performance. KW - Cast iron KW - Carbon KW - Graphite KW - Tribochemistry KW - Electron microscopy PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.008 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 270 IS - 5-6 SP - 365 EP - 370 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Deutsch, Cornelius A1 - Hinrichs, R. A1 - Vasconcellos, M.A.Z. A1 - Zoz, H. A1 - Yigit, D. A1 - Sun, X. T1 - Impact of high energy ball milling on the nanostructure of magnetite-graphite and magnetite-graphite-molybdenum disulphide blends N2 - Different, partly complementary and partly redundant characterization methods were applied to study the transition of magnetite, graphite and MoS2 powders to mechanically alloyed nanostructures. The applied methods were: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main objective was to prepare a model material providing the essential features of a typical tribofilm forming during automotive braking, and to assess the impact of different constituents on sliding behaviour and friction level. Irrespective of the initial grain size, the raw materials were transferred to a nanocrystalline structure and mixed on a nanoscopic scale during high energy ball milling. Whereas magnetite remained almost unchanged, graphite and molybdenum disulphide were transformed to a nanocrystalline and highly disordered structure. The observed increase of the coefficient of friction was attributed to a loss of lubricity of the latter ingredient due to this transformation and subsequent oxidation. KW - Ball milling KW - Mössbauer spectroscopy KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.09.007 SN - 1044-5803 SN - 1873-4189 VL - 86 SP - 28 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-29697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habel, Wolfgang R. A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Daum, Werner T1 - Results in standardization of FOS to support the use of SHM systems N2 - Measurement and data recording systems are important parts of a holistic Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. New sensor technologies such as fiber-optic sensors are often used; however, standards (or at least guidelines) are not yet available or internationally approved. This lack in standardization makes the acceptance of FOS technologies in complex SHM systems substantially difficult. A standard family for different FOS technologies is therefore being developed that should help to design SHM systems in an optimal way. International standardization activities take place in several standardization bodies such as IEC and ASTM, and within SHM societies such as ISHMII. The paper reports on activities in standardization of fiber-optic sensors, on results already achieved, and on newly started projects. Combined activities of fiber sensor experts and SHM experts from Civil Engineering are presented. These contributions should help owners of structures as well as developers of sensors and monitoring systems to select effective and validated sensing technologies. Using these standards, both parties find recommendations how to proceed in development of SHM systems to evaluate the structural behavior based on e.g. standardized fiber optic sensors, and to derive necessary measures, e.g. the optimal maintenance strategy. T2 - Sixth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 30.05.2016 KW - Fiber-optic sensor KW - Standard KW - Temperature KW - Strain KW - Monitoring KW - Structural health KW - Application PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236863 SN - 0277-786X VL - 9916 SP - 991625-1 EP - 991625-4 AN - OPUS4-37053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juran, S. A1 - Walther, M. A1 - Stephan, H. A1 - Bergmann, R. A1 - Steinbach, J. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Comba, P. T1 - Hexadentate Bispidine derivatives as versatile bifunctional chelate agents for Copper(II) radioisotopes PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/bc800461e SN - 1043-1802 SN - 1520-4812 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 347 EP - 359 CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-19068 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Tatzky-Gerth, R. T1 - Richtlinie für die Zulassung von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen für Deponieabdichtungen KW - Zulassungsrichtlinien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponieverordnung PY - 2010 SN - 0340-7551 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin ET - 3. Auflage AN - OPUS4-22192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Tatzky-Gerth, R. T1 - Richtlinie für die Zulassung von Kunststoff-Dränelementen für Deponieoberflächenabdichtungen KW - Zulassungsrichtlinien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponieverordnung PY - 2010 SN - 0340-7551 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-22193 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Tatzky-Gerth, R. T1 - Richtlinie für die Zulassung von Geotextilien zum Filtern und Trennen für Deponieabdichtungen KW - Zulassungsrichtlinien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponieverordnung PY - 2010 SN - 0340-7551 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-22194 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Tatzky-Gerth, R. T1 - Richtlinie für die Anforderungen an Fachbetriebe für den Einbau von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, weiteren Geokunststoffen und Kunststoffbauteilen in Deponieabdichtungssystemen KW - Zulassungsrichtlinien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponieverordnung PY - 2010 SN - 0340-7551 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin ET - 2. Auflage AN - OPUS4-22195 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belsey, N. A. A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Minelli, C. A1 - Araujo, J. R. A1 - Bock, B. A1 - Brüner, P. A1 - Castner, D. G. A1 - Ceccone, G. A1 - Counsell, J. D. P. A1 - Dietrich, Paul M. A1 - Engelhardt, M. H. A1 - Fearn, S. A1 - Galhardo, C. E. A1 - Kalbe, H. A1 - Kim, J. W. A1 - Lartundo-Rojas, L. A1 - Luftman, H. S. A1 - Nunney, T. S. A1 - Pseiner, J. A1 - Smith, E. F. A1 - Spampinato, V. A1 - Sturm, J. M. A1 - Thomas, A. G. A1 - Treacy, J. P. W. A1 - Veith, L. A1 - Wagstaffe, M. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Wang, Y.-C. A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Yang, L. A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS N2 - We report the results of a Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage, or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53%. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67%. However, variability of 12% was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors since this contributed a variability of 33%. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10% in thickness, and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films, and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results. KW - VAMAS KW - Interlaboratory Study KW - Nanoparticle coating KW - XPS KW - LEIS KW - shell thicknss and chemistry PY - 2016 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 IS - 120 SP - 24070 EP - 24079 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-38428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pontes Rodrigues, A. C. A1 - Nunes Ribeiro, P. J. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - de Farias Azevedo, C. R. T1 - Failure analysis as a tool to optimize the design of a ring on disc tribotest investigating the role of surface roughness N2 - The influence of the surface roughness of pearlitic grey cast iron discs on the formation of tribofilms and the evolution of the friction coefficient during a ring on disc tribotest with the addition of magnetite and magnetite–graphite nanopowders as interfacial media was investigated. The roughness parameters of the cast iron discs were varied by electro discharge machining (EDM) and grinding processes, producing four distinct surface roughness conditions. The evolution of the friction coefficient, however, did not reach the steady state for most of the samples and the role of the surface roughness on the friction coefficient could not be identified. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy on the cast iron discs was carried out to investigate the microstructure of the discs near the tribosurface. These results showed that the EDM process not only varied the surface roughness, but also changed the microstructure of the cast iron discs, promoting the incipient fusion of the cast iron surface, with the formation of ridges and casting defects (pores). As a result, a layer of rapidly solidified metal with a dendritic microstructure was formed near to the surface of the EDMed discs. KW - Ring-on disc tribotest KW - Surface roughness KW - EDM-processing KW - Rapid solification PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.03.011 SN - 1350-6307 SN - 1873-1961 VL - 56 SP - 131 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier Science Publ. CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-34623 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian A1 - Lutzki, J. A1 - von Klitzing, R. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Orts-Gil, Guillermo T1 - Impact of polymer shell on the formation and time evolution of nanoparticle-protein corona N2 - The study of protein corona formation on nanoparticles (NPs) represents an actual main issue in colloidal, biomedical and toxicological sciences. However, little is known about the influence of polymer shells on the formation and time evolution of protein corona onto functionalized NPs. Therefore, silicapoly(ethylene glycol) core–shell nanohybrids (SNPs@PEG) with different polymer molecular weights (MW) were synthesized and exhaustively characterized. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different concentrations (0.1–6 wt%) was used as model protein to study protein corona formation and time evolution. For pristine SNPs and SNPs@PEG (MW = 350 g/mol), zeta potential at different incubation times show a dynamical evolution of the nanoparticle–protein corona. Oppositely, for SNPs@PEG with MW ≥2000 g/mol a significant suppression of corona formation and time evolution was observed. Furthermore, AFM investigations suggest a different orientation (side-chain or perpendicular) and Penetration depth of BSA toward PEGylated surfaces depending on the polymer length which may explain differences in protein corona evolution. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Silica KW - PEGylation KW - Protein corona KW - BSA KW - Biointerface PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.019 SN - 0927-7765 VL - 104 SP - 213 EP - 220 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - von Klitzing, R. A1 - Orts-Gil, Guillermo T1 - Tuning interfacial properties and colloidal behavior of hybrid nanoparticles by controlling the polymer precursor N2 - A facile and versatile synthetic route for controlling the size and surface potential of organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced in this paper. For polymer-grafted NPs, the density of polymer chains on the surface is strongly affected by the concentration of precursor. Nevertheless, for condensed NPs, the precursor concentration determines the particle size but not the density of polymer chains on the surface or the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results presented here may have Major implications in biomedical and colloidal chemistry since interfacial and colloidal properties are known to drive several processes associated with nanoparticles in biological media. KW - BSA KW - Bio-interface KW - Nanosilica hybrids KW - PEG KW - Protein corona PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201200148 SN - 0025-116X SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 213 IS - 22 SP - 2412 EP - 2419 PB - Whiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-38549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaepe, Kaija A1 - R. Bhandari, D. A1 - Werner, J. A1 - Henss, A. A1 - Pirkl, A. A1 - Kleine-Boymann, M. A1 - Rohnke, M. A1 - Wenisch, S. A1 - Neumann, E. A1 - Janek, J. A1 - Spengler, B. T1 - Imaging of lipids in native human bone sections using TOF-secondary ion mass spectrometry, atmospheric pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry, and orbitrap-secondary ion mass spectrometry N2 - A method is described for high-resolution label-free molecular imaging of human bone tissue. To preserve the lipid content and the heterogeneous structure of osseous tissue, 4 μm thick human bone sections were prepared via cryoembedding and tape-assisted cryosectioning, circumventing the application of organic solvents and a decalcification step. A protocol for comparative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on the same section was established for initial analysis with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) at a lateral resolution of 10 μm to <500 nm, followed by atmospheric pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-SMALDI) Orbitrap MSI at a lateral resolution of 10 μm. This procedure ultimately enabled MSI of lipids, providing the lateral localization of major lipid classes such as glycero-, glycerophospho-, and sphingolipids. Additionally, the applicability of the recently emerged Orbitrap-TOF-SIMS hybrid system was exemplarily examined and compared to the before-mentioned MSI methods. KW - ToF-SIMS KW - MALDI KW - Mass spectrometry imaging KW - Lipids KW - Osteoporosis KW - Bone KW - Surface analysis PY - 2018 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00892 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00892 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 90 IS - 15 SP - 8856 EP - 8864 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-45730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frieler, K. A1 - Philippovich, N. A1 - Stickler, R. A1 - Bathke, Werner T1 - Capillary brazing under microgravity (Texus-II) and 1 G conditions PY - 1981 SN - 0273-1177 VL - 1 SP - 117 EP - 120 PB - Pergamon Pr. CY - Oxford [u.a.] ; Frankfurt, M. AN - OPUS4-33367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simoes, R. A1 - Bernades, C. A1 - Joseph, A. A1 - Piedade, F. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Diogo, H. A1 - da Piedade, M. T1 - Polymorphism in simvastatin: Twinning, disorder, and enantiotropic phase transitions N2 - : Simvastatin is one of the most widely used active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of hyperlipidemias. Because the compound is employed as a solid in drug formulations, particular attention should be given to the characterization of different polymorphs, their stability domains, and the nature of the phase transitions that relate them. In this work, the phase transitions delimiting the stability domains of three previously reported simvastatin forms were investigated from structural, energetics, and dynamical points of view based on single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), hot stage microscopy (HSM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments (conventional scans and heat capacity measurements), complemented with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Previous assignments of the crystal forms were confirmed by SCXRD: forms I and II were found to be orthorhombic (P212121, Z′/Z = 1/4) and form III was monoclinic (P21, Z′/Z = 2/4). The obtained results further indicated that (i) the transitions between different forms are observed at 235.9 ± 0.1 K (form III → form II) and at 275.2 ± 0.2 K (form II → form I) in DSC runs carried out at 10 K min−1 and close to these values when other types of techniques are used (e.g., HSM). (ii) They are enantiotropic (i.e., there is a transition temperature relating the two phases before fusion at which the stability order is reversed), fast, reversible, with very little hysteresis between heating and cooling modes, and occur under single crystal to single crystal conditions. (iii) A nucleation and growth mechanism seems to be followed since HSM experiments on single crystals evidenced the propagation of an interface, accompanied by a change of birefringence and crystal contraction or expansion (more subtle in the case of form III → form II), when the phase transitions are triggered. (iv) Consistent with the reversible and small hysteresis nature of the phase transitions, the SCXRD results indicated that the molecular packing is very similar in all forms and the main structural differences are associated with conformational changes of the “ester tail”. (v) The MD simulations further suggested that the tail is essentially “frozen” in two conformations below the III → II transition temperature, becomes progressively less hindered throughout the stability domain of form II, and acquires a large conformational freedom above the II → I transition. Finally, the fact that these transitions were found to be fast and reversible suggests that polymorphism is unlikely to be a problem for pharmaceutical formulations employing crystalline simvastatin because, if present, the III and II forms will readily convert to form I at ambient temperature. KW - Polymorphism KW - Twinning KW - Disorder KW - Simvastatine PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00818 SN - 1543-8384 SN - 1543-8392 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 5349 EP - 5360 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-46927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Becker, S. A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Cojocari, O. A1 - Feige, V. A1 - Fischer, B. A1 - Friederich, F. A1 - Globisch, B. A1 - Haupt, H. A1 - Hechtfischer, G. A1 - Hens, K. A1 - Hübers, H.-W. A1 - Jelonnek, J. A1 - Jonuscheit, J. A1 - Keil, A. A1 - Kleine-Ostmann, T. A1 - Nickel, H.-U. A1 - Peichl, M. A1 - Peters, O. A1 - Sprenger, T. A1 - Steiger, A. A1 - van Frank, S. A1 - Vieweg, N. A1 - Werner, M. A1 - Wilk, R. T1 - Terahertzsysteme - Anwendungsfelder und Systeme N2 - Die nicht ionisierende elektromagnetische Strahlung im Bereich von Terahertz-Frequenzen ermöglicht berührungslose und zerstörungsfreie Mess- und Prüftechnik in zahlreichen Bereichen. Nach ersten Anwendungen in der Astronomie und der Atmosphärenforschung wurden in letzter Zeit Anwendungsfelder in der Sicherheitstechnik, der Medizintechnik, der Nachrichtentechnik und der zerstörungsfreien Prozess- und Qualitätskontrolle erschlossen. Dielektrische Materialien wie Kunststoffe und Keramiken können von Terahertz-Wellen durchdrungen werden. Das ermöglicht Untersuchungen des Objektinneren ohne spezielle Schutzmaßnahmen, wie sie z.B. beim Röntgen notwendig sind. Die Richtlinie erleichtert die Verständigung zwischen Nutzern, Herstellern und dem Vertrieb von Terahertz-Systemen. In der Richtlinie werden bekannte Einsatzgebiete sowie die eingesetzten Verfahren und Funktionsprinzipien aufgeführt, um den Leser bei der Auswahlentscheidung zu unterstützen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die physikalischen Grundlagen und Hinweisen zur elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit, zum Strahlenschutz und zur regulierten Frequenzvergabe werden die verschiedenen Geräteklassen von Terahertz-Systemen ausführlich vorgestellt. Die Richtlinie gibt Hinweise zur messtechnischen Charakterisierung von Terahertz-Wellen. Einsatzgebiete von Terahertz-Systemen, wie die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung, die Dicken- und Abstandsmessung, die Tomografie und die chemische Analytik, werden mit ihren spezifischen Eigenschaften im Detail beschrieben. Umfangreiche Literaturverweise vereinfachen eine vertiefte Beschäftigung mit den Themen der Richtlinie. Eine tabellarische Übersicht mit einer Zusammenfassung, welche Terahertz-Systeme für welche Anwendungsfelder eingesetzt werden können, vervollständigt die Richtlinie. KW - Terahertzsysteme KW - THz-Wellen PY - 2018 UR - https://www.vdi.de/5590 VL - VDI/VDE 5590 Blatt 2 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ET - Entwurf - November 2018 AN - OPUS4-46727 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stegemann, Robert A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Pelkner, Matthias A1 - Lyamkin, Viktor A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Werner, Daniel A1 - Wimpory, R. A1 - Boin, M. A1 - Kreutzbruck, Marc A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Influence of the microstructure on magnetic stray fields of low-carbon steel welds N2 - This study examines the relationship between the magnetic mesostructure with the microstructure of low carbon steel tungsten inert gas welds. Optical microscopy revealed variation in the microstructure of the parent material, in the heat affected and fusion zones, correlating with distinctive changes in the local magnetic stray fields measured with high spatial resolution giant magneto resistance sensors. In the vicinity of the heat affected zone high residual stresses were found using neutron diffraction. Notably, the gradients of von Mises stress and triaxial magnetic stray field modulus follow the same tendency transverse to the weld. In contrast, micro-X-ray fluorescence characterization indicated that local changes in element composition had no independent effect on magnetic stray fields. KW - TIG-welding KW - GMR sensors KW - Magnetic stray field KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Residual stress KW - Microstructure KW - Low carbon steel PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-018-0522-0 SN - 0195-9298 SN - 1573-4862 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 66,1 EP - 18 PB - Springer US CY - New York AN - OPUS4-45855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinrichs, R. A1 - Zen Vasconcellos, M.A. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Prietzel, C. T1 - Amorphization of graphite flakes in gray cast iron under tribological load N2 - A gray cast iron disc, which had been submitted to a heavy duty automotive brake test, was examined with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. A graphite flake in a convenient angular position showed the shear interaction of graphite layers with the iron matrix in nano-scale resolution. Atomic layers of graphite were wedged into the ferritic bulk, allowing the entrance of oxygen and the subsequent formation of magnetite. The exfoliated few-layer graphene batches deformed heavily when forced into the matrix. When Raman spectra from the disc surface, which show distinctive carbonaceous bands, were compared with Raman spectra from graphite subjected to deformation in a shaker mill with different milling times, it could be seen that the shear stress on the brake surface was much more effective to induce disorder than the milling, where compressive and impact forces had been additionally exerted on the sample. During shear load the high anisotropy of elastic modulus in the graphite crystalline structure and the low adhesion between graphite basal planes allowed the exfoliation of wrinkled few-layer grapheme batches, causing the formation of more defect related Raman bands than the mechanical stress during high-energy milling. KW - Graphite KW - Shear load KW - Amorphization KW - EFTEM KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-469227 DO - https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-1000 SN - 1516-1439 SN - 1980-5373 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - e20171000, 1 EP - 6 PB - Universidade Federal de São Carlos CY - São Carlos AN - OPUS4-46922 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Alves, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Corrosion-resistant higher-alloyed metallic materials for the transport of corrosive dangerous goods in tanks T2 - CORROSION 2006 CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2006-03-12 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Tankwerkstoffe KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Höherlegierte metallische Werkstoffe KW - BAM-Liste PY - 2006 SP - 06688/1 EP - 06688/12 PB - NACE CY - San Diego AN - OPUS4-12281 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quell, P. A1 - Knops, M. A1 - Heinicke, M. A1 - Rettenmeier, A. A1 - Kühn, M. A1 - Rücker, Werner A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Rolfes, R. A1 - Haake, G. A1 - Hahn, B. A1 - Benesch, M. A1 - van Radecke, H. A1 - Finger, K. A1 - Neumann, T. A1 - Herklotz, K. T1 - Offshore Wind Energy Research in Germany - RAVE - Research at Alpha VEntus N2 - To start the large-scale deployment of offshore wind in German waters, the German Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU) supports the offshore test site "alpha ventus" in the North Sea with a research budget of about 50 million Euro in the next years. The overall objective of the research is to reduce the costs of offshore wind energy deployment in deep water. In order to provide all participating research projects with detailed data, the test site will be equipped with extensive measurement instrumentation. This research initiative was named RAVE – Research at Alpha VEntus – and consists of a variety of projects in connection with the installation and operation of alpha ventus. As part of the RAVE initiative, so far the participating institutes and companies have prepared projects on the following topics: • Realization of the joint measurements and data management • Analysis of loads, modelling and further development of the different components of offshore wind turbines • Loads at offshore foundations and structures • Further development of LIDAR wind measuring techniques • Grid integration of offshore wind energy • Monitoring of the offshore wind energy deployment in Germany – "Offshore WMEP" • Measurement of the operating noises and modelling of the sound propagation between tower and water • Ecologic research T2 - European Offshore Wind 2007 Conference & Exhibition CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-12-04 KW - Offshore Wind Energy KW - Rave KW - Foundations PY - 2007 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-17976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Suitability of High-Alloyed Metallic Materials for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods - BAM-List T2 - 11th International Symposium "Loss Prevention 2004" CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2004-05-31 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - Compatibility evaluations KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests KW - Korrosion KW - Höherlegierte metallische Tankwerkstoffe KW - BAM-Liste PY - 2004 SN - 80-0201574-6 SP - PG4478 EP - PG4489 PB - Ceská Spolecnost Chemického Inzenýrství CY - Prag AN - OPUS4-3576 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Assessment of the corrosion resistance of high-alloyed metallic tank materials in the BAM-list-requirements for tanks for the transport of dangerous goods T2 - EUROCORR 2003 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2003-09-28 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - Compatibility evaluations KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests PY - 2003 N1 - Serientitel: EFC-Event – Series title: EFC-Event IS - 261 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - European Federation of Corrosion CY - Budapest AN - OPUS4-2683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Suitability of More Noble Materials for Tanks for Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - Corrosion 2004 ; 59th NACExpo 2004 ; 59th Annual conference & exposition. NACE International - The Corrosion Society CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 2004-03-28 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - Compatibility evaluations KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests PY - 2004 IS - CD-ROM, Paper 04228 SP - 04228-1-04228-13 PB - NACE International CY - New Orleans, La. AN - OPUS4-3476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Alves, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Use of corrosion resistant high-alloyed metallic materials for transport tanks of dangerous goods and water-polluting substances N2 - In Germany the “BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods. Such approval is undertaken by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in section 5 of the BAM-List. According to the relevant regulations for rail, road and sea transportation a compulsory internal inspection after certain intervals is required. The required corrosion resistance depends on the length of the inspection interval. There is a large number of dangerous goods with a high corrosivity to metals, where the standard steels are not corrosion resistant. Chemical companies, transportation providers and tank producers need tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials in order to protect the tank shell and prevent contamination of high-value cargo as well as the environment. One solution is to line the tank with a polymeric material, an alternative solution to corrosion problems is the application of high-alloyed materials. Only a narrow limited number of corrosion test results of these high-alloyed materials under the influence of corrosive dangerous goods are available. In order to change this situation and include the superaustenitic steels X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 (Alloy 926), X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7 (Alloy 31) and the nickel-based alloy NiCr23Mo16Al (Alloy 59) in the BAM-List, BAM, IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM started an comprehensive test program with welded specimens made. The program comprises corrosion resistance evaluations of the high-alloyed materials in substances representing 12 major groups of corrosive dangerous goods (e.g. inorganic halogenides, organic acidic halogenides, halogenic carbonic acids, chlorosilanes, chlorates, perchlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites and hydrogen sulphates). The test results, presented in this paper, will be included in the upcoming 8th edition of the BAM-List and therefore available for the costumer. T2 - EUROCORR 2005 CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2005-09-04 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - Compatibility evaluations KW - High-alloyed metallic tank PY - 2005 SP - Paper 010, 1 EP - 11 PB - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia CY - Lisbon AN - OPUS4-11255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Alves, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Use of Corrosion Resistant High-Alloyed Metallic Materials for Transport Tanks of Dangerous Goods T2 - Stainless Steel World 2005 Conference CY - Maastricht, The Netherlands DA - 2005-11-08 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - Compatibility evaluations KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests PY - 2005 SP - P5003 (6 pages) PB - KCI Publ. CY - Masstricht AN - OPUS4-11254 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frohberg, G. A1 - Olschewski, Jürgen A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wahi, R.P. A1 - Wever, H. A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Die Superlegierung IN 738 LC: Ihr Verfestigungs- und Verformungsverhalten PY - 1993 SN - 0176-263X VL - 39-41 IS - 10 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Presse- u. Informationsreferat d. TU CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2476 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hsuan, Y.G. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rowe, K. A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Greenwood, J. A1 - Cazzuffi, D. A1 - Koerner, R.M. ED - Neil Dixon, T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented. Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented. T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Geosynthetic KW - Durability KW - Degradation KW - Antioxidant KW - Weathering PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 41 AN - OPUS4-17975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senoner, Mathias A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kaiander, I. A1 - Sellin, R.L. A1 - Bimberg, D. T1 - BAM-L002 - A new type of certified reference material for length calibration and testing of lateral resolution in the nanometre range N2 - A new type of test sample for the determination of lateral resolution in surface analysis is presented. The certified reference material BAM-L002 Nanoscale strip pattern for length calibration and testing of lateral resolution is an embedded cross-section of epitaxially grown layers of AlxGa1-xAs and InxGa1-xAs on GaAs substrate. The surface of the sample provides a flat pattern with strip widths of 0.4-500 nm. The combination of gratings, isolated narrow strips and sharp edges of wide strips offers improved possibilities for the calibration of a length scale, the determination of lateral resolution and the optimization of instrument settings. The feasibility of the reference material for an analysis of lateral resolution is demonstrated for SIMS. PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1936 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 36 SP - 1423 EP - 1426 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-4696 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drescher, Daniela A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Laube, G. A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Veh, R.W. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles on eukaryotic cell model is determined by particle agglomeration and serum protein adsorption effects N2 - Cell cultures form the basis of most biological assays conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials. Since the molecular environment of nanoparticles exerts influence on their physicochemical properties, it can have an impact on nanotoxicity. Here, toxicity of silica nanoparticles upon delivery by fluid-phase uptake is studied in a 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Based on XTT viability assay, cytotoxicity is shown to be a function of (1) particle concentration and (2) of fetal calf serum (FCS) content in the cell culture medium. Application of dynamic light scattering shows that both parameters affect particle agglomeration. The DLS Experiments verify the stability of the nanoparticles in culture medium without FCS over a wide range of particle concentrations. The related toxicity can be mainly accounted for by single silica nanoparticles and small agglomerates. In contrast, agglomeration of silica nanoparticles in all FCS-containing media is observed, resulting in a decrease of the associated toxicity. This result has implications for the evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of silica nanoparticles and possibly also other nanomaterials in standard cell culture. KW - Agglomeration KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Fibroblast cells KW - Serum proteins KW - Silica nanoparticles PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4893-7 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 400 IS - 5 SP - 1367 EP - 1373 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23678 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schempp, Philipp A1 - Cross, C.E. A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Neumann, R.S. A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Solidification of GTA aluminium weld metal: Part I - Grain morphology dependent upon alloy composition and grain refiner content KW - Aluminium KW - Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) KW - Grain refinement KW - Columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) KW - Epitaxial nucleation KW - Duplex nucleation theory PY - 2014 SN - 0043-2296 SN - 0096-7629 VL - 93 SP - 53-s - 59-s PB - American Welding Society CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-30413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -