TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Glas Digital Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas N2 - Der aktuelle Stand des Projektes GlasDigital wird in Kurzform präsentiert. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - ML KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56493 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - The influence of water as volatile on crack propagation in soda-lime silicate glass N2 - The talk was given at the Spring School of the SPP1594 in Hannover and summarizes the actual findings about crack growth in water bearing soda-lime silicate glass and a comparison to other oxide glasses. T2 - Spring School des SPP1594 CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 06.03.2018 KW - DCB KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Crack growth KW - Vickers KW - Water speciation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Crack growth in borate and silicate glasses: Stress-corrosion susceptibility and hydrolytic resistance N2 - A double cantilever beam technique in air equipped with ultrasound modulation was used to measure the crack velocity v in borate and silicate glasses. In all glasses v and the stress intensity KI followed the empirical correlation v ~ KIn. Indicated by its smallest KI at v = 1 μm s − 1, KI* = 0.27 MPa m0.5, the silicoborate glass containing 70 mol% B2O3 was found most susceptible to stress-corrosion enhanced crack growth. Contrarily, the sodium calcium magnesium silicate glass appeared least susceptible with KI* = 0.57 MPa m0.5. No clear correlation is evident between KI*, reflecting the stress-corrosion susceptibility, and the hydrolytic resistance for all glasses under study, but values of n obtained from the present study and taken from previous literature for 35 glasses tend to decrease with increasing network modifier ion fraction. Energy dissipation during stress-corrosion enhanced crack propagation is assumed to cause this trend. KW - DCB KW - Alkali and alkaline earth silicate and borate glass KW - Crack growth in air KW - Stress-corrosion KW - Stress intensity PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120414 VL - 551 SP - 120414 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51393 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Thieme, C. A1 - Rüssel, C. T1 - Crystal growth velocities of a highly anisotropic phase obtained via surface and volume crystallization of barium–strontium–zinc silicate glasses N2 - In the past few years, a new phase, Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn2Si2O7 with negative thermal expansion has been described in the literature. Some excess of SiO2 is necessary to produce glasses from which the Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn2Si2O7 phase can be crystallized. Unfortunately, in such glasses usually surface crystallization occurs; however, the addition of nucleating agents such as trace quantities of platinum or relatively high quantities of ZrO2 is necessary to achieve bulk nucleation. These additional components also affect the crystal growth velocity, which furthermore is different for crystal growth from the surface and in the bulk. In this paper, three different chemical compositions containing different ZrO2 concentrations, where one composition additionally contains 100 ppm platinum, are studied with respect to their crystallization behaviour. Although the compositions do not differ much, the crystallization behaviour and also the Crystal growth velocities are surprisingly different. KW - Glass ceramic KW - Crystal growth velocity KW - Low expansion PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04773-6 SN - 0022-2461 VL - 55 SP - 10364 EP - 10374 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-50853 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arendt, F. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi A1 - Chen, Y.-F. A1 - Gogula, S. A1 - Kilo, M. A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital N2 - Der aktuelle Stand des MateriaDigital Projektes GlasDigital wird vorgestellt. Hierbei wird allgemein die Problem- und Zielstellung präsentiert, als auch auf 2 separaten Postern die Ergebnisse. Diese beinhalten zum Einen die smarte Gestaltung der robotergestützten Glasschmelzanlage der BAM inkl. Analytik und zum Anderen die Digitalisierungsbestrebungen im Bereich Glas, d.h. ML-gestützte C-S-P-Simulation, Ontologie für den Werkstoff Glas, Digitaler Zwilling des Gießprozesses. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung 2023 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - GlasDigital KW - Ontologie KW - Bildanalyse KW - Simulation KW - Roboter KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Glasentwicklung N2 - Im Projekt GlasDigital sollen digitale Werkzeuge für die Hochdurchsatzentwicklung neuartiger Glaswerkstoffe erarbeitet werden. Dies soll durch die Kombination robotischer Syntheseverfahren mit selbstlernenden Maschinen und ihre Einbindung in eine Ontologie-basierte digitale Infrastruktur realisiert werden. T2 - 4. Fachsymposium der Fachgruppe Glasapparatebauer CY - Mitterteich, Germany DA - 13.06.2024 KW - Glas KW - Ontology KW - Data Space KW - Simulation KW - Workflow KW - Robotische Schmelzanlage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60388 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Digital infrastructure for accelerated glass development N2 - Glasses stand out by their wide and continuously tunable chemical composition and large variety of unique shaping techniques making them a key component of modern high technologies. Glass development, however, is still often too cost-, time- and energy-intensive. The use of robotic melting systems embedded in an ontology-based digital environment is intended to overcome these problems in future. For this purpose, a robotic high throughput glass melting system is equipped with novel inline sensors for process monitoring, machine learning (ML)-based, adaptive algorithms for process monitoring and optimization, novel tools for high throughput glass analysis and ML-based algorithms for glass design. This includes software tools for data mining as well as property and process modelling. The presentation provides an overview of how all these tools merge into a digital infrastructure and illustrates their usability using examples. All infrastructural parts were developed by a consortium consisting of the Fraunhofer ISC in Würzburg, the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena (OSIM), the Clausthal University of Technology (INW) and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses) as part of a joint project of the German research initiative MaterialDigital. T2 - 97. Glass-Technology Conference CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 27.05.2024 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting KW - Ontologie KW - Simulation KW - Workflow KW - Data Space KW - Digital Twin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital N2 - Der aktuelle Stand (Sep 2023) des Projekts GlasDigital wird präsentiert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf einer knappen Übersicht, aus der die nachhaltigen Beiträge für die Innovationsplattform MaterialDigital hervorgehen. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - Glas KW - Robotische Schmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - Simulation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - New device for inert crack growth measurements in ultra-strong glasses N2 - The practical strength of glasses under ambient conditions is substantially lower compared to its intrinsic strength because of sub-critical crack growth (SCCG) from microscopic flaws. While SCCG is related to the humidity of the ambient atmosphere, leading to stress corrosion phenomena, the detailed kinetics are still not fully understood. To get better insight to the contribution of water on the crack-tip, highly water bearing glasses will be investigated by a new device for inert SCCG-measurements using double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry specimens. This device was designed to investigate the stress intensity factor in modus I and crack velocity in vacuum, but different atmospheres can also be introduced. For validation of the new device, first experiments were performed on microscope slides as well as on a soda-lime silicate and a borosilicate crown glass. The results achieved will be presented in comparison to the published results of Wiederhorn. T2 - 91. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 29.05.2017 KW - Double cantilever beam KW - DCB KW - Crack intensity factor KW - Crack growth velocity KW - Glass PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - New device for inert sub-critical crack growth: measurements in crystallized glasses N2 - Compared to its intrinsic strength, the practical strength of glasses is substantially lowered by microscopic flaws. Their sub critical growth from the surface is strongly affected by ambient humidity. A new device was designed to enable the observation of sub critical crack growth (SCCG) in vacuum and controlled atmosphere. It allows measurements in transparent and semi-transparent materials in double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of crystals on crack growth. T2 - 12th International Symposium on Crystallization in Glasses and Liquids CY - Segovia, Spain DA - 10.09.2017 KW - Double cantilever beam KW - DCB KW - Crack intensity factor KW - Crack growth velocity KW - Glass KW - Glass ceramic PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41995 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Wasser und Risswachstum in Silicatgläsern N2 - Die Festigkeit von Gläsern wird durch die Oberflächenqualität beeinflusst. Kommt es neben dem Auftreten von Defekten zusätzlich zum Risswachstum ausgehend hiervon, wird die Festigkeit minimiert. Das Wachstum hängt dabei maßgeblich von der Luftfeuchtigkeit ab. Dieses Ermüdungsverhalten von Gläsern besser zu verstehen und dabei die Mechanismen und den Einfluss von im Volumen eingebauten Wasser auf das unterkritische Risswachstum zu untersuchen, ist Ziel der Arbeiten. Als Teilprojekt im Rahmen des DFG Schwerpunktprogramms SPP 1594 „Ultrastrong glasses“ soll der Einfluss des im Volumen eingebauten Wassers auf die Rissspitze untersucht werden. Zusammen mit der Leibniz Universität Hannover und der TU Clausthal werden hierfür hochwasserhaltige Gläser (bis zu 8 Gew%) bei 8 kbar über die Flüssigphase synthetisiert, die makroskopisch den hohen Wasseranteil nachstellen. Die Charakterisierung erfolgt hinsichtlich des Wassereinbaus, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und des Risswachstums. Die Arbeiten in Berlin beziehen sich hierbei auf die Messungen des unterkritischen Risswachstums in Luft und Vakuum, sowie Verlustwinkelmessungen. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede im korrosionsbeeinflussten (langsames) und inerten (schnelles und im Vakuum stattfindendes) Risswachstumsverhalten der untersuchten Gläsern. Die Rissgeschwindigkeit beim Übergang vom korrosionsbeeinflussten zum inerten Risswachstum ist hin¬gegen für alle Gläser ähnlich und folglich ein kinetisch durch den äußeren Wassertransport an die Rissspitze bestimmter Prozess. Der Widerstand gegen Risswachstum steigt mit Tg und zusätzlich kann anhand der Verlustwinkelmessungen ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Netzwerk- und der β-Relaxation ermittelt werden. Je höher der Wassergehalt im Glas ist, desto niedriger wird Tg und einfacher das Risswachstum, welches sich durch längere Risse kennzeichnet. Besonders stark tritt dieser Effekt bei einem Überschuss an molekularem Wasser auf. T2 - 1. Fachsymposium der Glasapparatebauer CY - Munich, Germany DA - 19.04.2018 KW - Wasser KW - Risswachstum KW - Glas KW - Vickers KW - DCB PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45701 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Sub-critical crack growth in silicate glass N2 - Premature failure of glass under load is caused by sub-critical crack growth (SCCG) originate from microscopic flaws at the surface. While SCCG is related to the humidity of the ambient atmosphere, leading to stress corrosion phenomena at the crack tip, the detailed mechanism and the effect of different network formers are still not fully understood. For more clarity, various soda silicate glasses with a second network former were investigated by double cantilever beam technique: Na2O*Al2O3*SiO2 (NAS), Na2O*B2O3*SiO2 (NBS), Na2O*PbO*SiO2 (NPbS). Three effects on the crack growth velocity, v, versus stress intensity, KI, curves were found out. The slope in region I, which is limited by corrosion, increases in the order NAS < NBS ≲ NPbS. The velocity range of region II reflecting the transition between corrosion effected and inert crack growth (region III), varies within one order of magnitude between the glasses. The KI region of inert crack growth strongly scatters between 0.4 and 0.9 MPam1/2. For comparison, crack growth at different humidity in commercial soda lime silicate glass (NCS) was measured. T2 - 92nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meetings of the Czech Glass Society & the Slovak Glass Society CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Risswachstum KW - DCB KW - Glas PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45702 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during crack propagation in silicate glasses N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during crack propagation, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are available in the literature, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent tanδ was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature Tg. It was found that the area under the tanδ vs. T/Tg curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v ~ KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI. This correlation was most distinct for T/Tg < 0.3, still clear for T/Tg < 0.5, but not found for T/Tg > 0.8. The observed results indicate that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of relaxation phenomena below Tg. T2 - 27th International Congress on Glass 2025 CY - Kolkata, India DA - 20.01.2025 KW - Internal friction KW - Energy dissipation KW - Crack propagation KW - Silicate glasses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63819 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Balzer, R. T1 - The influence of volatile constituents on mechanical properties of glasses N2 - Im Rahmen des Young Researcher Day des SPP1594 wurden die bisherigen Inhalte der Projekte zusammengefasst und vorgetragen. T2 - Annual Meeting and Young Researcher Day CY - Jena, Germany DA - 11.09.2018 KW - Glass KW - Crack growth KW - Vickers KW - DCB KW - Water speciation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Sub-critical crack growth in silicate glasses N2 - Environmental conditions are known to influence sub-critical crack growth (SCCG) that are released from microscopic flaws at the glass surface, leading to stress corrosion phenomena at the crack tip. The processes at the crack-tip are complex and water has been identified as a key component governing SCCG at low crack velocities (region I). In particular, the influence of humidity accelerating crack propagation is well studied for industrial soda-lime silicate glasses, which are practically free (< 1000 ppm) of dissolved water. To shed light on the corrosion process, the situation at the crack-tip is reversed in the present study as dissolved water in larger fractions is present in the glass and crack propagation is triggered in dry environment. For this purpose, water-bearing silicate glasses of up to 8 wt% total water were synthesized in an internally heated pressure vessel at 0.5 GPa and compared to dry glasses of standard glass manufacturing. SCCG was measured using the double cantilever beam technique and by Vickers indentation. For dry glasses, three trends in the crack growth velocity versus stress intensity curve were found. The slope in region I limited by environmental corrosion increases in the order sodium aluminosilicate < sodium borosilicate ≲ sodium lead silicate. The velocity range of region II reflecting the transition between corrosion affected and inert crack growth (region III), varies within one order of magnitude among the glasses. The KI region of inert crack growth strongly scatters between 0.4 and 0.9 MPam1/2. For hydrous glasses, it is found that those of low Tg are more prone to SCCG. As water strongly decreases Tg, it promotes SCCG. First results indicate that molecular water has a dominating influence on SCCG. T2 - ICG Annual Meeting 2018 CY - Yokohama, Japan DA - 23.09.2018 KW - DCB KW - Glass KW - Crack growth KW - Water speciation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47164 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Rouxel, T. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Vacuum crack growth in alkali silicate glasses N2 - Crack growth velocity in alkali silicate glasses was measured in vacuum across 10 orders of magnitude with double cantilever beam technique. Measured and literature crack growth data were compared with calculated intrinsic fracture toughness data obtained from Young´s moduli and the theoretical fracture surface energy estimated from chemical bond energies. Data analysis reveals significant deviations from this intrinsic brittle fracture behavior. These deviations do not follow simple compositional trends. Two opposing processes may explain this finding: a decrease in the apparent fracture surface energy due to stress-induced chemical changes at the crack tip and its increase due to energy dissipation during fracture. KW - Silicate glass KW - Brittle fracture KW - Crack growth KW - Calculated intrinsic fracture toughness PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121094 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 572 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Vacuum crack growth in silicate glasses N2 - Although the slow crack growth in glass is dominated by stress-corrosion phenomena, it also should reflect the underlaying intrinsic fracture behavior controlled by glass chemistry and structure. To investigate such underlaying phenomena, crack growth velocity in alkali silicate glasses was measured in vacuum across 10 orders of magnitude with double cantilever beam technique. Measured and literature crack growth data were compared with calculated intrinsic fracture toughness data obtained from Young’s moduli and theoretical fracture surface energy. Data analysis reveals slight correlation with the packing density and significant deviations from the intrinsic brittle fracture behavior. These deviations do not follow simple compositional trends. Two opposing processes may explain this finding: a decrease in the apparent fracture surface energy due to stress-induced chemical changes at the crack tip and its increase due to energy dissipation during fracture. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Oxide glass KW - Fracture toughness KW - Fracture surface PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Chen, Y.-F. A1 - Contreras Jaimes, A. T1 - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas (GlasDigital) N2 - Das Projekt GlasDigital wurde im allgemeinen vorgestellt, sowie die einzelnen Zwischenstände der verschiedenen Arbeitspakete aller Projektpartner präsentiert. Die allgemeine Porjektvorstellung ist auf deutsch. Die Zwischenstände der Arbeitsinhalte sind auf englisch. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - ML KW - Ontologie KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56491 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Data-driven Workflow for Accelerated Glass Development (GlasDigital) N2 - As part of a joint project involving the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the Clausthal University of Technology and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), digital tools are to be created for the development of new types of glass materials. Current processes for the production of glasses with improved properties are usually very cost- and energy-intensive due to the low degree of automation and are subject to long development cycles. The use of robotic synthesis processes in combination with self-learning machines is intended to overcome these problems in the long term. The development of new types of glass can then not only be accelerated considerably, but also be achieved with much less effort. In this talk, data generation via a robotic high-throughput glass melting system is presented, which should be the experimental basis for the ontology developed within the project GlasDigital. T2 - Materials Science and Engineering Congress (MSE 2022) CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 27.09.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during fracture in silicate glasses N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during fracture, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are known, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent, tan δ, was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature, Tg. It was found that the area under the tan δ vs T·Tg−1 curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v = v0·KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI, which indicates that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of sub-Tg relaxation phenomena. KW - Glass KW - Internal friction KW - Crack growth PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-631582 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255432 SN - 0021-9606 VL - 162 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-63158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Z. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Duval, A. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Krishnan, N. M. A. A1 - Wondraczek, K. A1 - Wondraczek, L. T1 - Precise Real‐Time Measurement of Liquid Viscosity Using Digital Video Data N2 - Quantitative knowledge of liquid viscosity is of fundamental importance in many areas of materials synthesis and processing. However, the determination of viscosity often relies on specialized experimental equipment, offline experimentation, or invasive procedures, in particular when required in extreme conditions such as at high temperature, high pressure, and in confined or corrosive environments. Here, this study proposes and validates a fast and simple method that mimics the intuitive perception of liquid flow within a quantitative framework. For this, this study employs digital video observation to derive quantitative values of the shear viscosity of liquids, with high precision and rapid acquisition rates. The technique involves capturing liquid dynamics after minor mechanical stimulation. Processed imaging data are indexed by similarity and referenced to a digital database generated with a finite element model, from which values of viscosity are obtained in line. The approach is tested on water at room temperature and on a high‐temperature glass melt. Covering a viscosity range of four orders of magnitude, both yield convincing agreement with tabulated reference data at low computational cost. KW - Image analyses KW - Liquids KW - Materials discovery KW - Similarity analyses KW - Viscosities PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634606 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500297 SN - 2640-4567 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-63460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. T1 - Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glass N2 - Stable crack growth was measured for nominal dry and water-bearing (6 wt%) soda-lime silicate glasses in double cantilever beam geometry and combined with DMA studies on the effects of dissolved water on internal friction and glass transition, respectively. In vacuum, a decreased slope of logarithmic crack growth velocity versus stress intensity factor is evident for the hydrous glass in line with an increase of b-relaxation intensity indicating more energy Dissipation during fracture. Further, inert crack growth in hydrous glass is found to be divided into sections of different slope, which indicates different water related crack propagation mechanism. In ambient air, a largely extended region II is observed for the hydrous glass, which indicates that crack growth is more sensitive to ambient water. KW - Internal friction KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Water content KW - Stable crack growth KW - DCB geometry KW - Stress intensity factor PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506829 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00066 VL - 7 SP - Articel 66 AN - OPUS4-50682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Maiwald, M. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Automated Analysis of Slow Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses N2 - To explore the impact of ambient and structural water on static fatigue, the initiation and growth of 3279 Vickers induced median radial cracks were automatically recorded and analyzed. We find that humidity is more efficient in initiating cracks and promoting their growth than water, which is dissolved in the glass structure. In particular for slow crack growth (< 3x10-6 m s-1), tests in dry nitrogen showed a considerable decrease in the crack growth exponent with increasing water content of the glasses. On the other hand, if tests were performed in humid air, the crack growth exponent was independent of the water content of the hydrous glasses, while stress intensity decreased slightly. These observations indicate that water promotes the processes at the crack-tip regardless of its origin. However, ambient water is more efficient. KW - Indentation fracture toughness KW - Slow crack growth KW - Automated analysis KW - Hydrous glass KW - Vickers indentation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513085 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00268 VL - 7 SP - 268 AN - OPUS4-51308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ya‐Fan A1 - Arendt, Felix A1 - Bornhöft, Hansjörg A1 - de Camargo, Andréa S. S. A1 - Deubener, Joachim A1 - Diegeler, Andreas A1 - Gogula, Shravya A1 - Contreras Jaimes, Altair T. A1 - Kempf, Sebastian A1 - Kilo, Martin A1 - Limbach, René A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Niebergall, Rick A1 - Pan, Zhiwen A1 - Puppe, Frank A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Schottner, Gerhard A1 - Stier, Simon A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Wondraczek, Lothar A1 - Sierka, Marek T1 - Ontology‐Based Digital Infrastructure for Data‐Driven Glass Development N2 - The development of new glasses is often hampered by inefficient trial‐and‐error approaches. The traditional glass manufacturing process is not only time‐consuming, but also difficult to reproduce with inevitable variations in process parameters. These challenges are addressed by implementing an ontology‐based digital infrastructure coupled with a robotic melting system. This system facilitates high‐throughput glass synthesis and ensures the collection of consistent process data. In addition, the digital infrastructure includes machine learning models for predicting glass properties and a tool for extracting patent information. Current glass databases have significant gaps in the relationships between compositions, process parameters, and properties due to inconsistent studies and nonconforming units. In addition, process parameters are often omitted, and even original literature references provide limited information. By continuously expanding the database with consistent, high‐quality data, it is aimed to fill these gaps and accelerate the glass development process. KW - Digitalisation KW - Data-driven glass development KW - Ontology PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625844 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401560 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-62584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Fechtelkord, M. T1 - Water in Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses N2 - To understand the influence of water and alkalis on aluminosilicate glasses, three polymerized glasses with varying ratios of Na/K were synthesized [(22. 5-x)Na2O-xK2O-22.5 Al2O3-55 SiO2 with x = 0, 7.5, and 11.25]. Subsequently, these glasses were hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O) in an internally heated gas pressure vessel. The density of hydrous glasses linearly decreased with water content above 1 wt%, consistent with the partial molar volume of H2O of 12 cm3/mol. Near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl groups are the dominant species at water content of <4 wt%, and molecular water becomes dominating at water content of >5 wt%. The fraction of OH is particularly high in the pure Na-bearing glass compared to the mixed alkali glasses. 27Al magic angle spinning-NMR spectroscopy shows that aluminum is exclusively fourfold coordinated with some variations in the local geometry. It appears that the local structure around Al becomes more ordered with increasing K/Na ratio. The incorporation of H2O reinforces this effect. The differential thermal analysis of hydrous glasses shows a significant mass loss in the range of glass transition already during the first upscan, implying the high mobility of water in the glasses. This observation can be explained by the open structure of the aluminosilicate network and by the low dissociation enthalpy of H2O in the glasses (≈ 8 kJ/mol). The effect of the dissolved H2O on the glass transition temperature is less pronounced than for other aluminosilicate glasses, probably because of the large fraction of Al in the glasses. KW - NMR spectroscopy KW - Alkali aluminosilicate glasses KW - Water speciation KW - Glass transition KW - Infrared spectroscopy PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509497 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00085 VL - 7 SP - 85 AN - OPUS4-50949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Waitelonis, Jörg A1 - Birkholz, Henk A1 - Jung, Matthias A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - v. Hartrott, Philipp A1 - Bruns, Marian A1 - Schaarschmidt, Jörg A1 - Beilke, Kristian A1 - Mutz, Marcel A1 - Nebel, Vincent A1 - Königer, Veit A1 - Beran, Lisa A1 - Kraus, Tobias A1 - Vyas, Akhilesh A1 - Vogt, Lars A1 - Blum, Moritz A1 - Ell, Basil A1 - Chen, Ya‐Fan A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Thomas, Akhil A1 - Durmaz, Ali Riza A1 - Ben Hassine, Sahar A1 - Fresemann, Carina A1 - Dziwis, Gordian A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Telong, Melissa A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Kamal, Mohamed A1 - Bjarsch, Thomas A1 - Pähler, Ursula A1 - Hofmann, Peter A1 - Leemhuis, Mena A1 - Özçep, Özgür L. A1 - Meyer, Lars‐Peter A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Neugebauer, Jörg A1 - Wenzel, Wolfgang A1 - Sack, Harald A1 - Eberl, Chris A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Mädler, Lutz A1 - Gumbsch, Peter T1 - Concepts for a Semantically Accessible Materials Data Space: Overview over Specific Implementations in Materials Science N2 - This article describes advancements in the ongoing digital transformation in materials science and engineering. It is driven by domain‐specific successes and the development of specialized digital data spaces. There is an evident and increasing need for standardization across various subdomains to support science data exchange across entities. The MaterialDigital Initiative, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, takes on a key role in this context, fostering collaborative efforts to establish a unified materials data space. The implementation of digital workflows and Semantic Web technologies, such as ontologies and knowledge graphs, facilitates the semantic integration of heterogeneous data and tools at multiple scales. Central to this effort is the prototyping of a knowledge graph that employs application ontologies tailored to specific data domains, thereby enhancing semantic interoperability. The collaborative approach of the Initiative's community provides significant support infrastructure for understanding and implementing standardized data structures, enhancing the efficiency of data‐driven processes in materials development and discovery. Insights and methodologies developed via the MaterialDigital Initiative emphasize the transformative potential of ontology‐based approaches in materials science, paving the way toward simplified integration into a unified, consolidated data space of high value. KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Data Spaces KW - Integration Workflows KW - MaterialDigital PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-622952 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401092 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-62295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzer, Marco A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - George, Janine A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Silicate glass fracture surface energy calculated from crystal structure and bond-energy data N2 - We present a novel method to predict the fracture surface energy, γ, of isochemically crystallizing silicate glasses using readily available crystallographic structure data of their crystalline counterpart and tabled diatomic chemical bond energies, D0. The method assumes that γ equals the fracture surface energy of the most likely cleavage plane of the crystal. Calculated values were in excellent agreement with those calculated from glass density, network connectivity and D0 data in earlier work. This finding demonstrates a remarkable equivalence between crystal cleavage planes and glass fracture surfaces. KW - Glass KW - Fracture surface energy KW - Toughness KW - Modeling KW - Mechanical properties PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122679 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 622 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Sub-critical crack growth in hydrous silicate glasses N2 - Environmental conditions are known to influence sub-critical crack growth (SCCG) that starts from microscopic flaws at the glass surface, leading to stress corrosion phenomena at the crack tip. The processes at the crack tip are complex and water has been identified as a key component governing SCCG at low crack velocities (region I). In particular, the influence of humidity accelerating crack propagation is well studied for dry industrial soda-lime silicate glasses (< 1000 ppm water). To shed light on this influence, the effect of water is mimicked by studying SCCG in water-bearing glasses. For this purpose, water-bearing silicate glasses of up to 8 wt% total water were synthesized in an internally heated pressure vessel at 0.5 GPa and compared to dry glasses. SCCG was measured using the double cantilever beam technique. For dry glasses, three trends in the crack growth velocity versus stress intensity, KI, curve were found. The slope in region I, limited by environmental corrosion, increases in the order soda-lime silicate < sodium borosilicate < barium calcium silicate < sodium zinc silicate < sodium aluminosilicate glass. The velocity range of region II, reflecting the transition between corrosion affected and inert crack growth (region III), varies within one order of magnitude among these glasses. The KI region of inert crack growth strongly scatters between 0.4 and 0.9 MPam1/2. For hydrous glasses, it is found that water strongly decreases Tg, form a new sub-Tg relaxation peak caused by molecular water, and makes the glasses more prone to SCCG. The observed trends will be discussed in terms of the effects of Youngs Modulus on strain energy release rate and energy dissipation related to glass relaxation phenomena. T2 - Glastechnische Tagung CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Glass KW - Crack growth KW - DCB KW - Water speciation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48339 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Schuth, S. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Fechtelkord, M. A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - The influence of H2O and SiO2 on the structure of silicoborate glasses N2 - To understand the impact of dissolved water on structure and properties, four boron-rich glasses of molar compositions 15-x Na2O x CaO 15 SiO2 70 B2O3 (with x=0, 7.5, 10) and 10 Na2O 15 SiO2 75 B2O3 were prepared and subsequently hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O). Density measurements show a non-linear trend upon hydration implying large structural changes in particular at water contents<2 wt%. Near-infrared spectroscopy shows hydroxyl groups are the dominant species in all glasses upon the entire range of water content. Molecular H2O is detectable only at total water contents>2 wt%. 11B MAS NMR spectra show that the abundance of BO4 species is mainly controlled by ratio of (Na2O+CaO)/B2O3 while incorporation of water plays a minor role. Compared to borate glasses, the efficiency of formation of BO4 tetrahedra is favored by crosslinking of the network by SiO4-units. The glass transition temperatures, determined by differential thermal analysis, decreases continuously with water content due to breakage of B-O-B bonds by hydrolysis. However, compared to Silicates and aluminosilicates, the effect of dissolved water is less pronounced which can be explained by weaker B-O-B bonds in comparison to Si-O-Si bonds. KW - High pressure KW - Water speciation KW - Silicoborate glasses KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - NMR spectroscopy PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.030 VL - 519 SP - 38 EP - 51 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-48748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Density, elastic constants and indentation hardness of hydrous soda-lime silica glasses N2 - The effect of structural water on density, elastic constants and microhardness of water-bearing soda-lime-silica glasses of up to 21.5 mol% total water is studied. It is found that the Poisson ratio and the water content are positively correlated, while density and the elastic moduli decrease with increasing water content. Vickers hardness decreases by approximately 27% from the dry to the most hydrous glass. For water fractions <3 mol%, the dependencies are non-linear reflecting the non-linear change in the concentrations of OH and H2O molecules dissolved, whereas for water fractions >3 mol% linear dependencies are found. To distinguish the effect of structural water and environmental water, indentations were performed in toluene, nitrogen gas and air. Timedependent softening was evident for testing dry glasses in humid atmospheres as well as for tests of hydrous glasses in dry atmospheres. This indicates that the response times of dissolved water species are effectively equal in both scenarios. KW - Elastic constants KW - Soda-lime-silica KW - Glass KW - Water content KW - Microhardness PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.119480 SN - 0022-3093 SN - 1873-4812 VL - 521 SP - 119480 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-48758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Subcritical crack growth in hydrous silicate glass N2 - Ambient water influences sub-critical crack growth (SCCG) from microscopic surface flaws, leading to stress corrosion at the crack tip. The complex influence of humidity accelerating slow crack propagation (region I) is well studied only for dry commercial NCS glass (< 1000 ppm water). To shed light on this influence, the effect of water is mimicked by studying SCCG water-bearing glasses. For this purpose, water-bearing silicate glasses of 8 wt% total water were synthesized at 0.5 GPa and compared to dry glasses. SCCG was measured in double cantilever beam geometry. For dry glasses, 3 trends in crack velocity vs. stress intensity, KI, curve were found. The slope in region I increases in the order NCS < NBS < BaCS < NZnS < NAS glass. The velocity range of region II, reflecting the transition between corrosion affected and inert crack growth (region III), varies within one order of magnitude among these glasses. The KI region of inert crack growth strongly scatters between 0.4 and 0.9 MPam0.5. For hydrous glasses, it is found that water strongly decreases Tg, form a new sub-Tg internal friction peak caused by molecular water, and makes the glasses more prone to SCCG. The observed trends will be discussed in terms of the effects of Youngs Modulus on the strain energy release rate and energy dissipation related to mechanical glass relaxation phenomena. T2 - 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG2019) CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 09.06.2019 KW - Internal friction KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Crack growth KW - Water content KW - DCB PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Subcritical crack growth in hydrous soda-lime silicate glass N2 - Glass strength and fatigue is limited by surface cracks. As subcritical crack growth (SCCG) is governed by ambient humidity, stress corrosion at the crack tip is widely accepted to be the underlying mechanism. However, as water is known to have decisive effect on glass properties and can rapidly enter the crack tip near glass region, SCCG could be affected by such water related phenomena. We tried to mimic these effects studying water dissolution and speciation, mechanical properties, and SCCG in water-bearing glasses. For this purpose, glasses up to 8 wt% water have been prepared by means of high-pressure melting of glass powder - water mixtures. As part of this effort, SCCG in dry and hydrous commercial micros¬cope slide glass (CW = 6 wt%) was studied in double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry and sub-Tg relaxation was measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). For SCCG in ambient air (24% r.h.), SCCG was promoted by the presence of 6wt% bulk water with respect to the dry glass. On the other hand, stress intensity values, KI, required to cause slow crack growth (v < 10-6 ms-1) resemble literature findings for float glass of similar composition in liquid water, which might represent the maximum possible promoting effect of ambient water on SCCG. For SCCG in vacuum (10-3 mbar), dissolved bulk water causes even more pronounced effects. Most strikingly, it strongly decreases the slope of the log v(KI)-curve, which is a measure of dissipated energy during fracture. A strong increase of sub-Tg relaxation with increasing water content was confirmed by DMA. As a consequence, slow crack growth occurs at KI values as measured in the dry glass whereas fast crack growth occurs at much larger KI than that of the dry glass. Kinks and shoulders shown by the inert log v(KI)-curve indicate that bulk water does not simply affect bulk mechanical properties. T2 - 9th Otto Schott Colloquium CY - Jena, Germany DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Internal friction KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Crack growth KW - Water content KW - DCB PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during fracture in silicate glasses N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during fracture, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are known, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent, tan δ, was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature, Tg. It was found that the area under the tan δ vs T·Tg−1 curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v = v0·KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI, which indicates that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of sub-Tg relaxation phenomena. KW - Glass KW - Internal friction KW - Crack growth PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651371 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255432 SN - 0021-9606 VL - 162 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-65137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Z. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Duval, A. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Krishnan, N. M. A. A1 - Wondraczek, K. A1 - Wondraczek, L. T1 - Precise Real‐Time Measurement of Liquid Viscosity Using Digital Video Data N2 - Quantitative knowledge of liquid viscosity is of fundamental importance in many areas of materials synthesis and processing. However, the determination of viscosity often relies on specialized experimental equipment, offline experimentation, or invasive procedures, in particular when required in extreme conditions such as at high temperature, high pressure, and in confined or corrosive environments. Here, this study proposes and validates a fast and simple method that mimics the intuitive perception of liquid flow within a quantitative framework. For this, this study employs digital video observation to derive quantitative values of the shear viscosity of liquids, with high precision and rapid acquisition rates. The technique involves capturing liquid dynamics after minor mechanical stimulation. Processed imaging data are indexed by similarity and referenced to a digital database generated with a finite element model, from which values of viscosity are obtained in line. The approach is tested on water at room temperature and on a high‐temperature glass melt. Covering a viscosity range of four orders of magnitude, both yield convincing agreement with tabulated reference data at low computational cost. KW - Glass KW - Liquid Viscosity KW - Digital Video Data KW - Finite Element Method PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651363 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500297 SN - 2640-4567 VL - 7 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-65136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -