TY - JOUR A1 - de Souza Machado, A. A. A1 - Lau, C. W. A1 - Till, J. A1 - Kloas, W. A1 - Lehmann, A. A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Rillig, M. C. T1 - Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment JF - Environmental Science and Technology N2 - Soils are essential components of terrestrial ecosystems that experience strong pollution pressure. Microplastic contamination of soils is being increasingly documented, with potential consequences for soil biodiversity and function. Notwithstanding, data on effects of such contaminants on fundamental properties potentially impacting soil biota are lacking. The present study explores the potential of microplastics to disturb vital relationships between soil and water, as well as its consequences for soil structure and microbial function. During a 5-weeks garden experiment we exposed a loamy sand soil to environmentally relevant nominal concentrations (up to 2%) of four common microplastic types (polyacrylic fibers, polyamide beads, polyester fibers, and polyethylene fragments). Then, we measured bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity. Microplastics affected the bulk density, water holding capacity, and the functional relationship between the microbial activity and water stable aggregates. The effects are underestimated if idiosyncrasies of particle type and concentrations are neglected, suggesting that purely qualitative environmental microplastic data might be of limited value for the assessment of effects in soil. If extended to other soils and plastic types, the processes unravelled here suggest that microplastics are relevant long-term anthropogenic stressors and drivers of global change in terrestrial ecosystems. KW - Mikroplastik KW - Einfluß KW - Boden PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02212 SN - 0013-936X SN - 1520-5851 VL - 52 IS - 17 SP - 9656 EP - 9665 PB - American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-46547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radig, W. A1 - Dimmig, Th. A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Schäfer, V. T1 - Struktur des basischen Zink-O,O'-ethylhexyldithiophosphats in unpolar, aprotischen Lösungsmitteln JF - Journal für praktische Chemie - Chemiker-Zeitung PY - 1995 SN - 0941-1216 VL - 337 SP - 647 EP - 654 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2145 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamschick, S. A1 - Rozenblut-Kościsty, B. A1 - Ogielska, M. A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Lymberakis, P. A1 - Hoffmann, F. A1 - Lutz, I. A1 - Kloas, W. A1 - Stöck, M. T1 - Sex reversal assessments reveal different vulnerability to endocrine disruption between deeply diverged anuran lineages JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Multiple anthropogenic stressors cause worldwide amphibian declines. Among several poorly investigated causes is global pollution of aquatic ecosystems with endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). These substances interfere with the endocrine system and can affect the sexual development of vertebrates including amphibians. We test the susceptibility to an environmentally relevant contraceptive, the artificial estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), simultaneously in three deeply divergent systematic anuran families, a model-species, Xenopus laevis (Pipidae), and two non-models, Hyla arborea (Hylidae) and Bufo viridis (Bufonidae). Our new approach combines synchronized tadpole exposure to three EE2-concentrations (50, 500, 5,000 ng/L) in a flow-through-system and pioneers genetic and histological sexing of metamorphs in non-model anurans for EDC-studies. This novel methodology reveals striking quantitative differences in genetic-male-to-phenotypic-female sex reversal in non-model vs. model species. Our findings qualify molecular sexing in EDC-analyses as requirement to identify sex reversals and state-of-the-art approaches as mandatory to detect speciesspecific vulnerabilities to EDCs in amphibians. KW - Endocrine disruption KW - 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Sex reversal PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-357797 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23825 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - Article No. 23825, 1 EP - 8 PB - Nature publishing group AN - OPUS4-35779 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rödiger, S. A1 - Liebsch, C. A1 - Schmidt, C. A1 - Lehmann, W. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Schedler, U. A1 - Schierack, P. T1 - Nucleic acid detection based on the use of microbeads: a review JF - Microchimica acta N2 - Microbead-based technologies represent elegant and versatile approaches for highly parallelized quantitative multiparameter assays. They also form the basis of various techniques for detection and quantification of nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic acid-based methods include hybridization assays, solid-phase PCR, sequencing, and trapping assays. Microbead assays have been improved in the past decades and are now important tools in routine and point-of-care diagnostics as well as in life science. Its advances include low costs, low workload, high speed and high-throughput automation. The potential of microbead-based assays therefore is apparent, and commercial applications can be found in the detection and discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphism, of pathogens, and in trapping assays. This review provides an overview on microbead-based platforms for biosensing with a main focus on nucleic acid detection (including amplification strategies and on selected probe systems using fluorescent labeling). Specific sections cover chemical properties of microbeads, the coupling of targets onto solid surfaces, microbead probe systems (mainly oligonucleotide probes), microbead detection schemes (with subsections on suspension arrays, microfluidic devices, and immobilized microbeads), quantification of nucleic acids, PCR in solution and the detection of amplicons, and methods for solid-phase amplification. We discuss selected trends such as microbead-coupled amplification, heterogeneous and homogenous DNA hybridization assays, real-time assays, melting curve analysis, and digital microbead assays. We finally discuss the relevance and trends of the methods in terms of high-level multiplexed analysis and their potential in diagnosis and personalized medicine. Contains 211 references. KW - Microbead KW - Microbead array KW - PCR KW - Microfluidic KW - Real-time KW - Multiplex PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1243-4 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 181 IS - 11-12 SP - 1151 EP - 1168 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-31183 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, C. A1 - Schierack, P. A1 - Gerber, U. A1 - Schröder, C. A1 - Choi, Youngeun A1 - Bald, Ilko A1 - Lehmann, W. A1 - Rödiger, S. T1 - Streptavidin Homologues for Applications on Solid Surfaces at High Temperatures JF - Langmuir N2 - One of the most commonly used bonds between two biomolecules is the bond between biotin and streptavidin (SA) or streptavidin homologues (SAHs). A high dissociation constant and the consequent high-temperature stability even allows for its use in nucleic acid detection under polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. There are a number of SAHs available, and for assay design, it is of great interest to determine as to which SAH will perform the best under assay conditions. Although there are numerous single studies on the characterization of SAHs in solution or selected solid phases, there is no systematic study comparing different SAHs for biomolecule-binding, hybridization, and PCR assays on solid phases. We compared streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, core traptavidin, neutravidin, and monomeric streptavidin on the surface of microbeads (10–15 μm in diameter) and designed multiplex microbead-based experiments and analyzed simultaneously the binding of biotinylated oligonucleotides and the hybridization of oligonucleotides to complementary capture probes. We also bound comparably large DNA origamis to capture probes on the microbead surface. We used a real-time fluorescence microscopy imaging platform, with which it is possible to subject samples to a programmable time and temperature profile and to record binding processes on the microbead surface depending on the time and temperature. With the exception of core traptavidin and monomeric streptavidin, all other SA/SAHs were suitable for our investigations. We found hybridization efficiencies close to 100% for streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, and neutravidin. These could all be considered equally suitable for hybridization, PCR applications, and melting point analysis. The SA/SAH–biotin bond was temperature-sensitive when the oligonucleotide was mono-biotinylated, with traptavidin being the most stable followed by streptavidin and neutravidin. Mono-biotinylated oligonucleotides can be used in experiments with temperatures up to 70 °C. When oligonucleotides were bis-biotinylated, all SA/SAH–biotin bonds had similar temperature stability under PCR conditions, even if they comprised a streptavidin variant with slower biotin dissociation and increased mechanostability. KW - Biopolymers Probes KW - Hybridization KW - Fluorescence KW - Genetics PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02339 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 628 EP - 636 PB - American Chemical Society Publication CY - Washington AN - OPUS4-50357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamschick, S. A1 - Rozenblut-Kościsty, B. A1 - Ogielska, M. A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Lymberakis, P. A1 - Hoffmann, F. A1 - Lutz, I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Kloas, W. A1 - Stöck, M. T1 - Impaired gonadal and somatic development corroborate vulnerability differences to the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol among deeply diverged anuran lineages JF - Aquatic Toxicology N2 - Amphibians are undergoing a global decline. One poorly investigated reason could be the pollution of aquatic habitats by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). We tested the susceptibility to the synthetically stabilized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in three deeply diverged anuran species, differing in sex determination systems, types of gonadogenesis and larval ecologies. To understand whether data from the amphibian model Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) are analogous and applicable to only distantly related non-model amphibians, tadpoles of X. laevis, Hyla arborea (Hylidae) and Bufo viridis (Bufonidae) were simultaneously exposed to 50, 500 and 5000 ng/L EE2 from hatching until completion of metamorphosis, using a flow-through-system under identical experimental conditions. Comparing molecularly established genetic with histologically assessed phenotypic sex in all species, we have recently shown that EE2 provoked numerous genetic-male-to-phenotypic-female sex reversals and mixed sex individuals, confirming overall its expected feminizing effect. In the present study, we focus on the influence of EE2 on gonadal and somatic development. Anatomy and histology revealed several species-specific effects. In both non-model species, H. arborea and B. viridis, high numbers of anatomically impaired gonads were observed. In H. arborea, exposed to 5000 ng/L EE2, numerous underdeveloped gonads were detected. Whereas EE2 did not alter snout-to-vent length and body weight of X. laevis metamorphs, H. arborea showed a treatment-dependent decrease, while B. viridis exhibited an increase in body weight and snout-to-vent length. Apart from a concentration-dependent occurrence of yellowish skin color in several H. arborea, no organ-specific effects were detected. Since EE2 ubiquitously occurs in many aquatic ecosystems and affects sexual and somatic development, among EDCs, it may indeed contribute to amphibian decline. The inter-species variation in developmental EE2-effects corroborates species-specific vulnerability differences towards EDCs between deeply diverged amphibian groups KW - Endocrine disruption KW - Ethinylestradiol KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.001 SN - 0166-445X SN - 1879-1514 VL - 177 SP - 503 EP - 514 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-37633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moreno-Gordaliza, E. A1 - Esteban-Fernández, D. A1 - Giesen, Charlotte A1 - Lehmann, K. A1 - Lázaro, A. A1 - Tejedor, A. A1 - Scheler, C. A1 - Canas, B. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Linscheid, M.W. A1 - Gómez-Gómez, M.M. T1 - LA-ICP-MS and nHPLC-ESI-LTQ-FT-MS/MS for the analysis of cisplatin-protein complexes separated by two dimensional gle elctrophoresis in biological samples JF - Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry N2 - A method for the analysis of Pt–protein complexes in biological samples, previously subjected to cisplatin treatment, has been developed. Proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis, and those bound to Pt were detected with high sensitivity by LA-ICP-(SF)-MS. Pt-containing spots were in-gel digested with trypsin, and the peptides produced identified using nHPLC-ESI-LTQ-FT-MS/MS. The influence of protein separation conditions, staining and gel processing prior to laser ablation on Pt–protein bonds preservation have been evaluated using standard proteins incubated with cisplatin. 2-DE separation under non-reducing conditions followed by either Coomassie blue brilliant or silver staining is appropriate for Pt–protein complexes, achieving a good separating resolution of the proteins in biological samples. Direct LA-ICP-MS analysis of glycerol-treated dried gels for Pt–protein monitoring resulted in better sensitivity, more reliable relative Pt signals and a simpler and less time-consuming approach compared to the analysis of blotted membranes. Ablation of gels allowed tackling protein identification of Pt-spots in the remaining non-ablated material in the gel, making it unnecessary to run several gels in parallel for separate Pt detection and protein identification. By using this approach, Pt coordinated to proteins, such as α-2-macroglobulin, transferrin, albumin or hemoglobin, was detected in the serum from a rat treated in vivo with cisplatin after nrSDS-PAGE separation. Furthermore, the first complete LA-ICP-MS metalloprotein contour map in a 2-DE gel has been produced, in this case for the detection of Pt–protein complexes in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) incubated with cisplatin. Several proteins were identified in those spots containing Pt, which may have a connection with the drug-induced nephrotoxicity mainly affecting this cell type in the kidney. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja30016h SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 1474 EP - 1483 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-26562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -