TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Safety related properties of gases T2 - Fire Science Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-11-29 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giurcan, V. A1 - Razus, D. A1 - Mitu, M. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Limiting oxygen concentration and minimum inert concentration of fuel-air-inert gaseous mixtures evaluation by means of adiabatic flame temperatures and measured fuel-air lower flammability limits N2 - The present paper aims to re-examine the validity of the linear correlation found between AFTLOC, the adiabatic flame temperature at the apex of the flammability range of fuel-air-inert mixtures (where LOC, the Limiting Oxygen Concentration, is measured) and AFTLFL, the adiabatic flame temperature at the lower flammability limit of fuel-air mixtures (LFL). New sets of experimental measurements of LFL and LOC referring to fuel-air mixtures diluted with N2, CO2 and H2O(vap) from trusted literature sources form a comprehensive database for such evaluation. Both the slope and intercept of correlations AFTLOC = a + b*AFTLFL are dependent on the nature of inert gas and on initial temperature. Based on the linear correlation between AFTLOC and AFTLFL, a procedure for calculation of LOC and MIC (Minimum Inert Concentration) of fuel-air-inert mixtures is presented, using measured or calculated LFL of fuel-air mixtures and their corresponding AFT. The method predicts with reasonable accuracy LOC and MIC of fuel-air-inert mixtures (relative deviations ranging between -14 and +17% when calculated and measured LOC and MIC for fuelair-nitrogen and fuel-air-carbon dioxide at ambient initial conditions are examined). KW - Fuel KW - Limiting oxygen concentration KW - Minimum inert concentration KW - Adiabatic flame temperature KW - Flammability limit PY - 2013 UR - http://www.revistadechimie.ro/pdf/GIURCAN%20V.pdf%2012%2013.pdf SN - 0034-7752 VL - 64 IS - 12 SP - 1445 EP - 1453 PB - sti CY - Bucure AN - OPUS4-29997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Gasgemische - Neuere Entwicklungen im Regelwerk T2 - BAM/DIN/IGV-Jahrestreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-02-19 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27772 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheid, Marc A1 - Klippel, Alexander A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Zirker, Stefan A1 - Kusche, Christian T1 - New ignition source 'exploding wire' for the determination of explosion characteristics of combustible dusts in the 20-L-sphere N2 - According to international Standards several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-L-sphere (also known as SIWEK-Chamber). Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of pyrotechnical igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative ignition source could be the socalled “exploding wire” or “fuse wire". The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics Maximum Explosion Pressure and Maximum Rate of Explosion Pressure Rise of selected dusts in the 20-Lsphere. In addition to that the flame/arc propagation of both ignition sources was analysed by high speed and IR camera recordings. Tests in a windowed autoclave were performed to get information on the influence of turbulence generated due to dispersion of the dust on the shape of the generated flame and its propagation. Turbulence measurements in the windowed autoclave as well as in the 20-L-sphere with a LDA System allowed investigation if the igniter led to turbulence increase at the moment of ignition in comparison to tests without ignition. T2 - GCPS 2013 - 9th Global congress on process safety CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 28.04.2013 KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen Staub KW - Staubexplosionsschutz KW - Explodierender Draht KW - Alternative Zündquelle PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-8169-1075-5 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-28552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheid, Marc A1 - Klippel, Alexander A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Zirker, Stefan A1 - Kusche, Christian ED - Makhviladze, G. ED - Molkov, V. ED - Bradley, D. ED - Sunderland, P. ED - Tamanini, F. T1 - New ignition source 'exploding wire' for the determination of explosion characteristics of combustible dusts in the 20-L sphere N2 - According to international standards several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-L sphere (also known as SIWEK-Chamber). Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of pyrotechnical igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative ignition source could be the so-called 'exploding wire' or 'fuse wire'. The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics Maximum Explosion Pressure and Maximum Rate of Explosion Pressure Rise of selected dusts in the 20-L sphere. In addition the propagation of flame and electrical arc was analysed by high speed camera recordings. Tests in a windowed autoclave were performed to get information on the influence of turbulence during ignition on the shape of the generated flame (electrical arc) and its propagation. Turbulence measurements with a LDA system in the windowed autoclave as well as in the 20-L sphere allowed investigation if the ignition sources led to an additional turbulence increase at the moment of ignition in comparison to tests without ignition. T2 - ISFEH7 - 7th International seminar on fire & explosion hazards CY - Providence, RI, USA DA - 05.05.2013 KW - Dust explosion testing KW - Exploding wire KW - Explosion characteristics KW - Ignition source KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen Staub KW - Staubexplosionsschutz KW - Explodierender Draht KW - Alternative Zündquelle PY - 2013 SN - 978-981-07-5936-0 SN - 978-981-07-5940-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5936-0_13-04 SP - 810 EP - 819 PB - Research publishing AN - OPUS4-28553 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheid, Marc A1 - Kusche, Christian A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Barth, Uli ED - Pierucci, S. ED - Klemes, J.J. ED - De Rademaeker, E. ED - Fabiano, B. ED - Buratti, S.S. T1 - Tests on suitability of the ignition source 'exploding wire' for the determination of explosion characteristics of combustible dusts in the 20-L-sphere N2 - According to international standards several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-Lsphere (also known as SIWEK Chamber). Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of such igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative ignition source could be the so called 'exploding wire' or 'fuse wire'. The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics Maximum Explosion Pressure and Maximum Explosion Pressure Rise of five selected dusts in the 20-L-sphere. In addition to that the ignition mechanisms of both ignition sources were analysed by high speed camera recordings and the ignition energy was determined with electric and calorimetric recordings. T2 - 14th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Florence, Italy DA - 12.05.2013 KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen Staub KW - Staubexplosionsschutz KW - Explodierender Draht KW - Alternative Zündquelle PY - 2013 SN - 978-88-95608-22-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1331118 SN - 1974-9791 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 31 SP - 703 EP - 708 PB - AIDIC, Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-28554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Poli, Marco A1 - Grätz, Rainer A1 - Schröder, Volkmar ED - Pierucci, S. ED - Klemes, J.J. ED - De Rademaeker, E. ED - Fabiano, B. ED - Buratti, S.S. T1 - Limitations of gas explosion venting due to accelerated flame propagation and elevated initial pressure N2 - Many industrial processes include a gas explosion hazard. If safety measures are not adequate to prevent a potentially explosive atmosphere or to avoid effective ignition sources in enclosures, at least the effects of an explosion can be limited e.g. by gas explosion venting systems. For the design of gas explosion venting systems for confinements only little guidance is given when considering the constructional boundary conditions or process conditions. For this reason conservative assumptions are prevalent in practice and in many cases the protective systems become significantly oversized. From safety perspective such safety margins in venting areas can lead to a critical acceleration of the pressure rise. Moreover, a gas explosion venting at turbulent conditions caused by over sizing or by obstacles rather leads to an under-sized system. The present investigation was focused especially on the influence of certain obstacles as well as the influence of elevated initial pressures on explosion venting behaviour of quiescent hydrogen, methane or ethylene in air. T2 - 14th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Florence, Italy DA - 12.05.2013 KW - Gas explosion venting KW - Turbulent combustion KW - Obstacles PY - 2013 SN - 978-88-95608-22-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1331111 SN - 1974-9791 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions VL - 31 SP - 661 EP - 666 PB - AIDIC, Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-28582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Entzündbare Gasgemische in Biogasanlagen T2 - 13. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2013-06-18 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28700 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Einsatz von Gasmesstechnik zur Bestimmung von Leckraten an gasgetriebenen Fahrzeugen T2 - Fachkolloquium "Gasgetriebene Fahrzeuge", VW-AG CY - Wolfsburg, Germany DA - 2013-05-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28669 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Krause, U. T1 - Bestimmungsverfahren sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen bei nichtatmosphärischen Bedingungen N2 - Es werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse für ein geeignetes Zündkriterium zur Bestimmung von Explosionsgrenzen bei nichtatmosphärischen Bedingungen vorgestellt. Dazu wurden für Anfangsdrücke bis 20 bar Zündversuche an den Explosionsgrenzen von CHL/Luft-, CaHg/Luft-, H2/Luft- und NHs/Luft-Gemischen in einem Autoklav mit Sichtscheibe durchgeführt. In der Auswertung wurden visuelle Zündkriterien und ein Druckschwellenkriterium miteinander verglichen. Weiterhin wurden Untersuchungen zum erforderlichen Mindesvolumen des Explosionsgefäßes in Abhängigkeit des Anfangsdrucks durchgeführt. Dazu wurden jeweils Zündversuche mit demselben Gemisch aus CH4 und Luft bei Anfangsdrücken bis 50 bar in Volumina zwischen 0,2 dm3 und 6,0 dm3 durchgeführt. T2 - 3. Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztag / vfdb-Workshop CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 21.03.2013 KW - Kenngrößen KW - Nichtatmosphärische Bedingungen KW - Zündkriterium PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-00-041601-9 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-28271 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -