TY - JOUR A1 - Pramann, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rienitz, O. T1 - The Uncertainty Paradox: Molar Mass of Enriched Versus Natural Silicon Used in the XRCD Method N2 - The X-ray crystal density method uses silicon spheres highly enriched in 28Si as a primary method for the dissemination of the SI base unit kilogram yielding smallest possible uncertainties associated with the mass m within a few parts in 10-8. This study compares different available and newly developed analytical methods and their results for the determination of the molar mass M of silicon highly enriched in 28Si (Me) and of silicon (Mx) with an almost natural isotopic distribution. While for Me relative uncertainties urel(Me) in the lower 10-9 range are obtained routinely, it was not possible to fall below a value of urel(Mx) < 4 x 10-6 in the case of natural silicon, which is approximately three orders of magnitude larger. The application of the state-of the-art isotope ratio mass spectrometry accompanied with sophisticated thoroughly investigated methods suggests an intrinsic cause for the large uncertainty associated with the molar mass of natural silicon compared to the enriched material. KW - silicon KW - Molar mass KW - Isotope ratios KW - SI KW - Kilogram KW - Mole KW - XRCD method PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-020-00408-y VL - 35 SP - 499 EP - 510 PB - Springer Verlag AN - OPUS4-51637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Metrology for the recycling of Technology Critical Elements to support Europe´s circular economy agenda N2 - Technology critical elements (TCE) are key materials for high-tech products such as smartphones, notebooks and monitors. Their demand is expected to increase exponentially due to the shift towards greener economy through the deployment of renewable energy and electro mobility solutions (European Green Deal). This and the lack of TCE production within the EU, puts the market under pressure and leads to increasing prices. The need to secure TCE supply has become even more pressing under the current health crisis and it is a major objective of the Covid-19 Recovery Plan aimed at reinforcing Europe’s resilience and autonomy. A sustainable solution is effective recycling and finally a circular economy. However, the analysis of waste streams is difficult and requires suitable SI traceable analytical solutions to allow for comparability of measurement results throughout the recycling process. The required reference materials (RMs) certified for TCE in the corresponding waste or secondary raw materials and specific documentary standards for TCE to comply with ISO/IEC 17025 requirements, however, are lacking. Furthermore, waste from the so-called “urban mine” is extremely heterogeneous making the estimation of its TCE content difficult. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge at the European level about the TCE stocks and flows in the urban mine. Given the high volume of waste generated and received, fast reliable analytical methods as well as sampling and sample preparation strategies are needed to determine the economic value of the waste and of the final product and to develop and improve recycling procedures. Within this project we focus on TCEs (Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, Nd, Pr, Dy, Gd, La, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh), which have been selected from the list of critical elements for Europe established by the EU in 2020. The overall objective of the project is to provide the reliable and SI traceable determination of TCE in urban waste material at µg/g levels to increase the efficiency and accuracy of TCE recycling. This will be realized by developing validated SI-traceable reference methods, developing traceable and validated RMs for the TCEs, validating the use of the routine methods and RMs for real world applications and facilitating the take up of the technology and measurement infrastructure developed in the project by the measurement supply chain, standards developing organizations and end users. This presentation will give an overview of the consortium, the project structure and the planned research. First activities will be presented as well. T2 - International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy CY - Athens, Greece DA - 05.09.2021 KW - TCE KW - Reference material KW - Metrology PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solovyev, N. A1 - El-Khatib, Ahmed A1 - Costas-Rodrigues, M. A1 - Schwab, K. A1 - Griffin, E. A1 - Raab, A. A1 - Platt, B. A1 - Theuring, F. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Vanhaecke, F. T1 - Cu, Fe and Zn isotope ratios in murine Alzheimer's disease models suggest specific signatures of amyloidogenesis and tauopathy N2 - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of tau and amyloid-beta in the brain, and recent evidence suggests a correlation between associated protein aggregates and trace elements, such as copper, iron and zinc. In AD, distorted brain redox homeostasis and complexation by amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau May alter the isotopic composition of essential mineral elements. Therefore, high-precision isotopic analysis may reveal changes in the homeostasis of these elements. We used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based techniques to determine the total Cu, Fe and Zn contents in the brain, as well as their isotopic compositions in both mouse brain and serum. Results for male transgenic tau (Line 66, L66) and amyloid/presenilin (5xFAD) mice were compared to those for the corresponding age- and gendermatched wild-type control mice (WT). Our data show that L66 brains showed significantly higher Fe levels than the corresponding WT. Significantly less Cu, but more Zn was found in 5xFAD brains. We observed significantly lighter isotopic compositions of Fe (enrichment in the lighter isotopes) in the brain, and in serum of L66 mice compared to WT. For 5xFAD mice, Zn exhibited a trend towards a lighter isotopic composition in brain and a heavier isotopic composition in serum compared to WT. Neither mouse model yielded differences in the isotopic composition of Cu. Our findings indicate significant pathology-specific alterations of Fe and Zn brain homeostasis in mouse models of AD. The associated changes in isotopic composition May serve as a marker for proteinopathies Underlying AD and other types of dementia. KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - Tau KW - Amyloid-beta KW - Copper KW - Iron KW - Zinc KW - Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) KW - Brain KW - Serum KW - Isotopic analysis KW - Total element determination PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520214 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100292 VL - 296 SP - 100292 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-52021 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molloy, J. L. A1 - Winchester, M. R. A1 - Butler, T. A. A1 - Possolo, A. M. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Roethke, A. A1 - Goerlitz, V. A1 - Caciano de Sena, R. A1 - Dominguez Almeida, M. A1 - Yang, L. A1 - Methven, B. A1 - Nadeau, K. A1 - Romero Arancibia, P. A1 - Bing, W. A1 - Tao, Z. A1 - Snell, J. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Kotnala, R. K. A1 - Swarupa Tripathy, S. A1 - Elishian, C. A1 - Ketrin, R. A1 - Suzuki, T. A1 - Oduor Okumu, T. A1 - Yim, Y.-H. A1 - Heo, S. W. A1 - Min, H. S. A1 - Sub Han, M. A1 - Lim, Y. A1 - Velina Lara Manzano, J. A1 - Segoviano Regalado, F. A1 - Arvizu Torres, M. A1 - Valle Moya, E. A1 - Buzoianu, M. A1 - Sobina, A. A1 - Zyskin, V. A1 - Sobina, E. A1 - Migal, P. A1 - Linsky, M. A1 - Can, S. Z. A1 - Ari, B. A1 - Goenaga Infante, H. T1 - CCQM-K143 Comparison of Copper Calibration Solutions Prepared by NMIs/DIs N2 - CCQM-K143 is a key comparison that assesses participants’ ability to prepare single element calibration solutions. Preparing calibration solutions properly is the cornerstone of establishing a traceability link to the International System of Units (SI), and therefore should be tested in order to confirm the validity of CCQM comparisons of more complex materials. CCQM-K143 consisted of participants each preparing a single copper calibration solution at 10 g/kg copper mass fraction and shipping 10 bottled aliquots of that solution to the coordinating laboratory, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The masses and mass fraction for the prepared solutions were documented with the submitted samples. The solutions prepared by all participants were measured at NIST by high performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (HP-ICP-OES). The intensity measurements for copper were not mapped onto values of mass fraction via calibration. Instead, ratios were computed between the measurements for copper and simultaneous measurements for manganese, the internal standard, and all subsequent data reductions, including the computation of the KCRV and the degrees of equivalence, were based on these ratios. Other than for two participants whose measurement results appeared to suffer from calculation or preparation errors, all unilateral degrees of equivalence showed that the measured values did not differ significantly from the KCRV. These results were confirmed by a second set of ICP-OES measurements performed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). CCQM-K143 showed that participants are capable of preparing calibration solutions starting from high purity, assayed copper metal. Similar steps are involved when preparing solutions for other elements, so it seems safe to infer that similar capabilities should prevail when preparing many different, single-element solutions. KW - Metrology KW - Primary calibration solution KW - Traceability PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/58/1A/08006 SN - 0026-1394 VL - 58 IS - 1A SP - 08006 PB - IOP Science CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-51983 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - New applications and reference materials in isotope analysis N2 - The presentations gives a short introduction into isotope analysis illustrated by examples from archaeology, food provenancing and metrology. In the main part current projects on the provenance determination of cement, the intercalibration of Mg isotope reference materials and the development of a new calibration approach for isotope measurements are presented. T2 - Seminar der Abteilung 1 CY - Online meeting DA - 19.01.2021 KW - Isotope reference material KW - Absolute isotope ratio KW - Metrology KW - Traceability KW - Triple isotope fractionation KW - Archaeometry KW - Cement PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, K. A1 - Weber, M. A1 - Menneken, M. A1 - Kral, A. G. A1 - Mertz-Kraus, R. A1 - Geisler, T. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Tütken, T. T1 - Diagenetic stability of non-traditional stable isotope systems (Ca, Sr, Mg, Zn) in teeth – An in-vitro alteration experiment of biogenic apatite in isotopically enriched tracer solution N2 - Stable isotope ratios and trace element concentrations of fossil bones and teeth are important geochemical proxies for the reconstruction of diet and past environment in archaeology and palaeontology. However, since diagenesis can significantly alter primary diet-related isotope signatures and elemental compositions, it is important to understand and quantify alteration processes. Here, we present the results of in-vitro Alteration experiments of dental tissues from a modern African elephant molar reacted in aqueous solutions at 30 °C and 90 °C for 4 to 63 days. Dental cubes with ≈ 3 mm edge length, comprising both enamel and dentin, were placed into 2 mL of acidic aqueous solution enriched in different isotopes (25Mg, 44Ca, 67Zn, 86Sr, initial pH 1). Element and isotope distribution profiles across the reacted cubes were measured with LA-(MC-)ICP-MS and EMPA, while potential effects on the bioapatite crystal structure were characterised by Raman spectroscopy. In all experiments isotope ratios measured by LA-(MC-)ICP-MS revealed an alteration of the enamel in the outer ≈ 200–300 μm. In contrast, dentin was fully altered (≈ 1.4 mm) after one week at 90 °C while the alteration did not exceed a depth of 150–200 μm during the 30 °C experiments. Then, the tracer solution started also to penetrate through the enamel-dentin junction into the innermost enamel, however, leaving the central part of the enamel unaltered, even after three months. The Raman spectra suggest an initial demineralisation in the acidic environment while organic matter (i.e. collagen) is still preserved. In the 90 °C experiment, Raman spectra of the v1 PO4) band of the dentin shift over time towards synthetic hydroxylapatite patterns and the Ca (and Sr) concentrations in the respective solutions decrease. This indicates precipitation of newly formed apatite. Isotope and element concentration profiles across the dental tissues reveal different exchange mechanisms for different isotope systems. Magnesium is leached from enamel and dentin, while Zn is incorporated into the apatite crystal structure. However, the distribution of both elements is not affected in the innermost enamel where their concentrations do not change over the whole duration of the experiments. We found no correlation of reaction depth in the cubes and experimental duration, which might be caused by natural variability of the dental material already at the beginning of the experiment. Our alteration experiments in a closed system at high temperatures ≤90 °C and low initial pH demonstrate that at least the central part of mm-thick mammalian enamel apatite seems to be resistant against alteration preserving its pristine bioapatite mineral structure as well as its in-vivo elemental and isotopic composition. The experiments assess diagenetic alteration in a novel multi-proxy approach using in-situ analyses in high spatial resolution. It is demonstrated that the isotopes of Ca, Sr, Zn and Mg in the dentin are prone for diagenetic alteration, while enamel is more resistant against alteration and could be used for dietary and physiological reconstructions in fossil teeth. KW - Bioapatite KW - Isotopes KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Diagenesis KW - LA-(MC-)ICP-MS KW - EPMA PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120196 VL - 572 SP - 120196 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-52447 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Metrology for the recycling of technology critical elements to support Europe’s circular economy agenda (MetrocycleEU) N2 - Technology critical elements (TCE) are key materials for high-tech products such as smartphones, notebooks and monitors. Their demand is expected to increase exponentially as a result of the shift towards greener economy through the deployment of renewable energy and electro mobility solutions (European Green Deal). This and the lack of natural resources in the EU, puts the market under pressure and leads to increasing prices. The need to secure TCE supply has become even more pressing under the current health crisis and it is a major objective of the Covid-19 Recovery Plan aimed at reinforcing Europe’s resilience and autonomy. A sustainable solution for solving this problem is first through recycling and finally through a circular economy. However, the analysis of waste streams is a complicating factor and requires suitable analytical solutions first, which need to be traceable to the SI to allow for comparability of measurement results throughout the recycling process or the circular economy. The required reference materials certified for TCE in the corresponding waste or secondary raw materials and specific documentary standards for TCE to comply with ISO/IEC 17025 requirements, however, are lacking. Furthermore, wastes from the urban mine are extremely heterogeneous, which makes the estimation of their TCE content difficult. Currently there is a lack of knowledge at the European level about the TCE stocks and flows in the urban mine. Given the high volume of waste generated and received, fast reliable analytical methods as well as sampling and sample preparation strategies are needed to determine the economic value of the waste and of the final product and to develop recycling procedures. Within this project we focus on a set of TCEs(Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, Nd, Pr, Dy, Gd, La, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh), which have been selected from the list of critical elements for Europe established by the EU in 2017. The overall objective of the project is to provide reliable and SI traceable determination of TCE in urban waste material at µg/g levels in order to increase the efficiency and accuracy of TCE recycling. This will be realized by developing validated SI-traceable reference methods, developing traceable and validated reference materials for the TCEs, validating the use of the routine methods and reference materials for real world applications and facilitating the take up of the technology and measurement infrastructure developed in the project by the measurement supply chain, standards developing organisations and end users. T2 - 6. Sitzung des Beirats Umwelt CY - Online meeting DA - 12.03.2020 KW - Technology-critical elements KW - Circular economy KW - Green Deal KW - Metrology PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brauckmann, C. A1 - Pramann, A. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Schulze, A. A1 - Phukphatthanachai, Pranee A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Combining Isotope Dilution and Standard Addition—Elemental Analysis in Complex Samples N2 - A new method combining isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and standard addition has been developed to determine the mass fractions w of different elements in complex matrices: (a) silicon in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), (b) sulfur in biodiesel fuel, and (c) iron bound to transferrin in human serum. All measurements were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). The method requires the gravimetric preparation of several blends (bi)—each consisting of roughly the same masses (mx,i) of the sample solution (x) and my,i of a spike solution (y) plus different masses (mz,i) of a reference solution (z). Only these masses and the isotope ratios (Rb,i) in the blends and reference and spike solutions have to be measured. The derivation of the underlying equations based on linear regression is presented and compared to a related concept reported by Pagliano and Meija. The uncertainties achievable, e.g., in the case of the Si blank in extremely pure TMAH of urel (w(Si)) = 90% (linear regression method, this work) and urel (w(Si)) = 150% (the method reported by Pagliano and Meija) seem to suggest better applicability of the new method in practical use due to the higher robustness of regression analysis. KW - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry KW - tandard addition KW - ICP-MS KW - lank characterization KW - Silicon KW - Sulfur KW - Transferrin KW - Tetramethylammonium hydroxide KW - Biodiesel fuel KW - Human serum PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526376 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092649 VL - 26 IS - 9 SP - 2649 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faßbender, Sebastian A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Pelzer, J. A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Species-specific isotope dilution analysis of monomethylmercury in sediment using GC/ICP-ToF-MS and comparison with ICP-Q-MS and ICP-SF-MS N2 - A recently introduced inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (ICP-ToF-MS) shows enhanced sensitivity compared to previous developments and superior isotope ratio precision compared to other ToF and commonly used single-collector ICP-MS instruments. Following this fact, an improvement for isotope dilution ICP-MS using the new instrumentation has been reported. This study aimed at investigating whether this improvement also meets the requirements of species-specific isotope dilution using GC/ICP-MS, where short transient signals are recorded. The results of the analysis of monomethylmercury (MMHg) of a sediment reference material show that isotope ratio precision of ICP-MS instruments equipped with quadrupole, sector-field, and time-of-flight mass analyzers is similar within a broad range of peak signal-to-noise ratio when analyzing one isotopic system. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) for MMHg, expressed as mass fraction of Hg being present as MMHg, w(Hg)MMHg, was similar as well for all investigated instruments and ranged between 0.003 and 0.016 μg/kg. Due to the simultaneous detection capability, the ICP-ToF-MS might, however, be more favorable when several isotopic systems are analyzed within one measurement. In a case study, the GC/ICP-ToF-MS coupling was applied for analysis of MMHg in sediments of Finow Canal, a historic German canal heavily polluted with mercury. Mass fractions between 0.180 and 41 μg/kg (w(Hg)MMHg) for MMHg, and 0.056 and 126 mg/kg (w(Hg)total) for total mercury were found in sediment samples taken from the canal upstream and downstream of a former chemical plant. KW - Methylmercury KW - Legacy pollution KW - Finow Canal KW - Isotope dilution KW - Mercury speciation PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529967 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03497-z SN - 1618-2642 VL - 413 IS - 21 SP - 5279 EP - 5289 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - The triple isotope calibration approach BT - A new calibration approach for obtaining absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements N2 - The calibration of isotope ratio measurements is an ongoing challenge since instrumental isotope fractionation (IIF) has been detected in mass spectrometry (MS). There is a variety of approaches which either bypass IIF such as delta measurements or refer to reference materials (RMs) and thus shifting the problem of calibration to somebody else: the RM producer. For certifying isotope RMs with absolute isotope ratios only a few approaches are available, namely the isotope mixture approach, the double spike approach, the mass bias regression model and total evaporation in TIMS. All of them require either enriched isotopes, isotope RMs of another element or an RM for correcting residual error. As the enriched isotopes required for the isotope mixture and the double spike approach need to be fully characterized beforehand, all mentioned calibration approaches require a standard. Here, a new and standard-free calibration approach for obtaining absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements has been developed. The underlying principle is that each MS suffers from IIF and thus yields a specific isotope fractionation line in a three-isotope diagram. When applying a second MS featuring a different ionization mechanism, we obtain a second isotope fractionation line with a different slope in the same three-isotope diagram. In both cases the absolute isotope ratios range somewhere on the isotope fractionation line. Consequentially, the intersect of both lines yield the absolute isotope ratios of the measured sample. This theory has been tested by measuring Cd and Pb isotope ratios of suitable isotope RMs with a TIMS and an ICP-MS, both equipped with multi-collector array. During the measurements the ionization conditions were changed such that different extent of the isotope fractionation has been achieved. With the resulting data set the theory described above could be verified. The obtained absolute isotope ratios were metrologically compatible with the certified isotope ratios. The remaining average bias of -5 ‰ can be reduced with further improvements. The calibration approach is universal and can be applied to any multi-isotopic element and it is not limited by the type of the mass spectrometer. T2 - Virtual Goldschmidt 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 04.07.2021 KW - Absolute isotope ratio KW - Traceability KW - Metrology KW - Calibration KW - Uncertainty KW - Triple isotope fractionation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Herausforderungen bei der Analytik von Technologie-kritischen Elementen (TCE) in Abfällen N2 - Technologie-kritische Elemente (TCE) sind unentbehrliche Materialien für High-Tech Produkte wie Smartphones, Notebooks und Monitors. Ihr Bedarf wird voraussichtlich aufgrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels hin zu einer grünen Ökonomie exponentiell ansteigen. Dieser Wandel wird vor allem auch durch erneuerbare Energien und Elektromobilität geprägt (European Green Deal). Diese Entwicklung in Verbindung mit einer nahezu fehlenden TCE Produktion in Europa setzt den Markt unter Druck und führt zu steigenden Preisen. Die Sicherung des TCE Nachschubs wurde in der gegenwärtigen Gesundheitskrise noch dringender und wurde daher auch zu einem der Hauptthemen des COVID-19 Recovery Plan, der eine Stärkung der europäischen Resilienz und Autonomie zum Ziel hat. Ein nachhaltige Lösung ist das Recycling der Abfall- bzw. Wertstoffe und letztendlich eine Circular Economy. Allerdings ist die Analyse von Abfallströmen schwierig und erfordert geeignete analytische Lösungen, die SI-rückführbare und somit vergleichbare Messergebnisse im gesamten Recyclingprozess ermöglichen. Die dafür erforderlichen, für TCE zertifizierte, Referenzmaterialien und nötige standardisierte Verfahren fehlen bisher nahezu vollständig. In diesem Beitrag werden die analytischen Herausforderungen, wie z.B. die extreme Heterogenität der Materialien, Schwierigkeiten beim Probenaufschluss und das Fehlen von Referenzmaterialien diskutiert. Und es wird das EMPIR-Projekt MetroCycleEU vorgestellt, dessen Ziel es ist Referenz- und Routineverfahren für ausgewählte TCE (Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, Nd, Pr, Dy, Gd, La, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh) zu entwickeln und Referenzmaterialien für Platinen, LEDs und Li-Batterien bereitzustellen. T2 - Workshop Nachhaltige Prozesse für eine Circular Economy CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2021 KW - TCE KW - Circular economy KW - Metrology KW - Traceability KW - Uncertainty PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53371 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Wortmann, U. G. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Beautiful Pietàs in South Tyrol (Northern Italy): local or imported works of art? N2 - The study, dedicated to Beautiful Pietàs conserved in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), aims to establish, for the first time, a connection between Austroalpine raw materials and the high-fired gypsum mortars constituting the Gothic figure groups in question. The origin and chronology of this stylistically and qualitatively differing ensemble have been subject of art historical debate for nearly a century. The discourse is dominated by three main hypotheses: itinerary of an Austrian artist versus itinerary of the work of art created in an artist’s workshop in Austria versus itinerary of the stylistic vocabulary via graphical or three-dimensional models. The comparison of the δ34S values and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the gypsum mortars and Austroalpine sulphate deposits (in a compilation of own reference samples and literature data) points to the exploitation of sediments in the Salzkammergut and possibly also in the evaporite district of the Eastern Calcareous Alps, thus evidencing the import of the sculptures and not the activities of local South Tyrolean or itinerant artists. Two geochronological units are distinguishable: The Pietà in the Church St. Martin in Göflan can be assigned to Upper Permian raw material, whereas the metrologically consistent sculptures in the Church of Our Lady of the Benedictine Abbey Marienberg and in the Chapel St. Ann in Mölten correlate with deposits of the Early Triassic (or the Lower-Middle Triassic transition). The medieval gypsum mortars also differ in their mineralogical characteristics, i.e. in their geologically related minor components, as in the first case, characterised by a significant proportion of primary anhydrite, natural carbonate impurities mainly consist of calcite (partly converted to lime-lump-like aggregates), whereas in the second group dolomite (or rather its hydration products after pyrometamorphic decomposition) predominates, accompanied by celestine, quartz and potassium feldspar. The Pietà in the Cathedral Maria Himmelfahrt in Bozen turned out to be made of Breitenbrunn calcareous sandstone (Leitha Mountains, Burgenland, Austria), which is why the sample is not considered in the geochemical analysis. KW - High-fired gypsum mortar KW - Sulphur isotope KW - Strontium isotope KW - Polarised light microscopy KW - Raman microspectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545610 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00678-6 SN - 2050-7445 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-54561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -