TY - JOUR A1 - Lima, D.L.D. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V.I. T1 - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for atrazine monitoring in water samples JF - Environmental science and pollution research international N2 - The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) requires the establishment of monitoring programs. However, conventional procedures for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis are rather expensive and time consuming, being the development of cost-effective and easy tool a necessity. The aim of this work was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) able to determine atrazine in water samples. Matrix effects evaluation showed that the increase of humic acid (HA) concentration leads to flattened calibration curves and to the loss of the sigmoidal shape. However, such interference was overcome, by the presence of an environmental sample buffer, incubated together with the samples. Recoveries from 88.5 to 119.2 % were obtained in the presence of HA concentrations up to 20 mg-1. An analytical range from 0.003 to 1 µgL-1 was obtained, and atrazine was detected in a sewage treatment plant with concentrations ranging from 14 to 52 ngL-1. KW - Immunoassay KW - Atrazine KW - Surface waters KW - Wastewater treatment plants KW - Matrix effects PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1227-z SN - 0944-1344 SN - 1614-7499 VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 3157 EP - 3164 PB - Ecomed Publ. CY - Landsberg AN - OPUS4-28299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Bahlmann, Arnold A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V.I. T1 - Application of an ELISA to the quantification of carbamazepine in ground, surface and wastewaters and validation with LC-MS/MS JF - Chemosphere N2 - Carbamazepine is a psychiatric pharmaceutical widely detected in aquatic environments. Due to its generalized occurrence and environmental persistence it might be considered as an anthropogenic pollution indicator. In this research, a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on a commercial monoclonal antibody, was applied to the quantification of carbamazepine in ground, surface and wastewaters and results were validated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The performance of the applied ELISA methodology was tested in the presence of high concentrations of sodium chloride and dissolved organic matter. The method was not significantly affected by matrix effects, being adequate for the quantification of carbamazepine in environmental samples, even without sample pre-treatment. This method allows the quantification of carbamazepine in the range of 0.03–10 µg L-1, with a relative error lower than 30%. Due to a pH dependent cross-reactivity with cetirizine, an antihistaminic drug, the assay also enabled the quantification of cetirizine in the samples. The application of the developed method to the quantification of carbamazepine was performed by using environmental samples with very different matrices, collected in the geographical area of Ria de Aveiro, an estuarine system located in the North of Portugal. Carbamazepine was detected in all analyzed wastewater samples and in one surface water with concentrations between 0.1 and 0.7 µg L-1. Validation with LC–MS/MS revealed that results obtained by ELISA are 2–28% overestimated, which was considered highly satisfactory due to the absence of sample pre-treatments. KW - Immunoassay KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Environment KW - Wastewater treatment plants KW - Matrix effects KW - Cetirizine PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.072 SN - 0045-6535 SN - 0366-7111 VL - 84 IS - 11 SP - 1708 EP - 1715 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Kidlington, Oxford AN - OPUS4-24306 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -