TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Wirksamkeitsprüfungen für Materialschutzmittel T2 - 5. Fresenius Konferenz "Die Biozid Produkte Richtlinie" CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 2004-10-19 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Wegner, R. A1 - Melcher, E. T1 - Experiences with the OECD guideline proposals for the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood in the environment T2 - 35th Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 2004-06-06 PY - 2004 SP - 13 pages PB - International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-5490 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Characterization and differentiation of wood rotting fungi by protein and enzyme patterns N2 - Standardized tests for wood preservatives are performed with defined fungal strains to ensure comparability between laboratories. However, changes of virulence and variation of results are well known events. Suitable and reliable measures to control the stability of the test organisms are necessary.Comparison of protein patterns produced by SDS-electrophoresis was already described by several authors as a possible way to identify and to characterize fungal species and strains, i.e. for Serpula, Coniophora and Poria. We compared protein patterns of several strains of Antrodia vaillantii, Poria placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Lentinus lepideus, and Coniophora puteana. Isoelectric focussing and detection of esterase isoenzymes proved to be an alternative method. The investigations resulted in species-specific protein and enzyme patterns. By comparing the strains of single species it was possible to form groups with similar patterns. Possible misidentifications could be detected. The described methods will be further developed and used to follow possible changes in our test strains. T2 - 30th Annual meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG) CY - Rosenheim, Germany DA - 1999-06-06 KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Strains KW - Standardization KW - SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis KW - Isoelectric focussing KW - Proteins KW - Enzymes PY - 1999 IS - IRG-WP 99-20177, Section 2 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) PB - IRG Secretariat CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-5491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Comparison of laboratory tests and field experiments of the estimation of emissions from treated wood T2 - 6th International Symposium "Environment and wood preservation" CY - Cannes-Mandelieu, France DA - 2005-02-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-6978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Comparison of laboratory tests and field experiments for the estimation of emissions from treated wood T2 - 6th International Symposium "Environment and wood preservation" CY - Cannes-Mandelieu, France DA - 2005-02-07 KW - Leaching KW - Emission KW - Copper KW - Triazoles KW - Test procedures PY - 2005 SP - 2 EP - 14 PB - IRG Secretariat CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-7028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Testverfahren zur Bestimmung von Biozidemissionen aus behandeltem Holz. T2 - 24. Holzschutztagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Holzforschung e.V. CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2005-04-12 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7330 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Testverfahren zur Bestimmung von Biozidemissionen aus behandeltem Holz T2 - 24. Holzschutztagung "Sicherung von Produktqualität und -leistung" CY - Leipzig, Deutschland DA - 2005-04-12 KW - EU-Biozidrichtlinie KW - OECD guideline KW - Biozide KW - Emissionen KW - Testverfahren KW - Holzschutzmittel PY - 2005 SP - 49 EP - 56 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-7340 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Morsing, N. A1 - Lindegaard, B. A1 - van der Sloot, H. A1 - van Zomeren, A. A1 - Deroubaix, G. A1 - Legay, S. A1 - Tadeo, J. L. A1 - García-Valcárcel, A. I. A1 - Gigliotti, G. A1 - Zadra, C. A1 - Hajslová, J. A1 - Tomaniová, M. A1 - Wegner, R. A1 - Bornkessel, C. A1 - Fürhapper, C. T1 - Inter-laboratory evaluation of laboratory test methods to estimate the leaching from treated wood - Agreement No. 04/375757/C4 KW - Emission KW - Leaching KW - Wood preservatives KW - Inter-laboratory evaluation KW - Test methods KW - OECD guideline proposals PY - 2005 SP - 1 EP - 211 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - CEN/OECD leaching test methods T2 - Leaching Workshop des European Chemicals Bureau CY - Arona, Italy DA - 2005-06-13 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Fixation of chromium in wood treated by chromate T2 - Workshop der COST-Action E 37, BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-12-04 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Auswaschbarkeit von Biozidwirkstoffen aus Fassadenbeschichtungen - welche Erkenntnisse bringen Laboruntersuchungen? T2 - 8. Dahlberg-Kolloquium "Baustoffoberflächen mit neuen Eigenschaften" CY - Wismar, Germany DA - 2008-09-25 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-16516 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit von biozid ausgerüsteten Materialien T2 - 21. Chemisches Kolloquium "Baumaterialien und Oberflächengewässer CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 2012-06-19 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26305 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Töpfer, Antje A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Baldauf, H. T1 - Characterisation of leaching of biocidal active substances of main group 2 'preservatives' from different materials under weathering conditions (Project No. (FKZ) 3708 65 404, Report No. (UBA-FB) 001641/E) N2 - Anwendungen von Bioziden in Materialien für Außenanwendungen sind mögliche Quellen für Biozide in Umweltkompartimenten infolge von witterungsbedingten Auswaschprozessen. Im Bericht werden Leachingprozesse und -parameter als auch Methoden zu deren Untersuchung unter Labor- und Freilandversuchsbedingungen beschrieben. Vorteile und Grenzen der verschiedenen Herangehensweisen zur Untersuchung von Leachingprozessen werden diskutiert. Standardisierte Auswaschtests sowie in der Fachliteratur publizierte Auswaschexperimente werden zusammenfassend dargestellt. Es wird beschrieben, wie Leachingdaten gemäß Technischem Leitfaden zur Biozidprodukten-Richtlinie 98/8/EG für eine Risikobewertung genutzt werden. Ein alternativer Ansatz zur mathematischen Modellierung von Leachingtest-Daten wurde erprobt und wird im Bericht erläutert. Potentiell lassen sich mit dem vorgeschlagenen Ansatz bestimmte gegenwärtig auftretende Schwierigkeiten bei der Risikobewertung umgehen. Applications of biocides in outdoor materials are potential sources of biocides in environmental compartments due to leaching processes under weathering conditions. Leaching processes and parameters as well as methods to investigate leaching processes under laboratory and semi-field conditons are described in the report. Benefits and limitations of different test approaches are discussed. Standardised leaching tests as well as leaching experiments reported in scientific literature are listed. The application of leaching data for risk assessments according to the Technical Guidance Documents for the Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC) is described. An alternative approach for mathematical modelling of leaching data was tested and is Explained in the report. Certain difficulties that currently appear during risk assessments may be circumvented by the proposed approach. KW - Test procedures KW - Biocide KW - EU biocidal products directive 98/8/EC KW - Material preservatives KW - In-can preservatives KW - Film preservatives KW - Fibre KW - Leather KW - Rubber and polymerised materials preservatives KW - Masonry preservatives KW - Weathering KW - Leaching KW - Mathematical modelling KW - Risk assessment KW - Biozid KW - EU Biozidproduktenrichtlinie 98/8/EG KW - Materialschutzmittel KW - Topf-Konservierungsmittel KW - Beschichtungsschutzmittel KW - Schutzmittel für Fasern KW - Leder KW - Gummi und polymerisierte Materialien KW - Schutzmittel für Mauerwerk KW - Bewitterung KW - Auswaschung KW - Testverfahren KW - Laborversuche KW - Freilandversuche KW - Mathematische Modellierung KW - Risikobewertung PY - 2012 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/characterisation-of-leaching-of-biocidal-active SN - 1862-4804 SN - 0722-186X IS - 62 SP - 1 EP - 118 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-26520 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lupsea, M. A1 - Tiruta-Barna, L. A1 - Schiopu, N. A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Modelling inorganic and organic biocide leaching from CBA-anime (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood based on characterisation leaching tests N2 - Numerical simulation of the leaching behaviour of treated wood is the most pertinent and less expensive method for the prediction of biocides' release in water. Few studies based on mechanistic leaching models have been carried out so far. In this work, a coupled chemistry-mass transport model is developed for simulating the leaching behaviour of inorganic (Cu, B) and organic (Tebuconazole) biocides from CBA-amine treated wood. The model is based on experimental investigations (lab-scale leaching tests coupled with chemical and structural analysis). It considers biocides' interactions with wood solid components and with extractives (literature confirmed reactions), as well as transport mechanisms (diffusion, convection) in different compartments. Simulation results helped at identifying the main fixation mechanisms, like (i) direct complexation of Cu by wood-phenolic and -carboxylic sites (and not via monoethanolamine; complex) on lignin and hemicellulose and strong dependence on extractives' nature, (ii) pH dependent binding of tebuconazole on polarized –OH moieties on wood. The role of monoethanolamine is to provide a pore-solution pH of about 7.5, when copper solubility is found to be weakest. The capability of the developed model to simulate the chemical and transport behaviour is the main result of this study. Moreover, it proved that characterization leaching tests (pH dependency and dynamic tests), combined with appropriate analytical methods are useful experimental tools. Due to its flexibility for representing and simulating various leaching conditions, chemical-transport model developed could be used to further simulate the leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood at larger scales. KW - CBA-amine treated wood KW - Leaching tests KW - Chemical-transport model KW - Surface complexation PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.037 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 461-462 SP - 645 EP - 654 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit von biozid ausgerüsteten Materialien T2 - 6. N.I.Ke.-Workshop "Segen und Fluch - Biozide, I. Verwendung, Analytik, Bewertung", BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-11-19 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27286 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Borho, N. A1 - Bagda, E. T1 - Interlaboratory comparison for a laboratory leaching test procedure with facade coatings N2 - Façade coatings are exposed to weathering. Driving rain events can cause façade runoff bearing the potential to release substances from the coating. In order to derive reliable and reproducible information about this so-called leaching (emission into water), a laboratory test method has been developed, that has been published as European Standard EN 16105:2011. An interlaboratory comparison has been performed with 8 participants in order to validate the test method. This article describes the test results that reveal statistics on the quality of the test method and allows further insights to the leaching mechanism in coatings. KW - Biocide KW - Leaching test KW - Façade coating KW - Construction Products Regulation KW - Biocidal Products Directive PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.10.001 SN - 0300-9440 SN - 1873-331X SN - 0033-0655 VL - 76 IS - 2-3 SP - 351 EP - 359 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-27554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lupsea, M. A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Tiruta-Barna, L. A1 - Schiopu, N. T1 - Biocide leaching from CBA treated wood - A mechanistic interpretation N2 - Treated wood is frequently used for construction. However, there is a need to ensure that biocides used for the treatment are not a threat for people or environment. The paper focused on Pinus sylvestris treated with copper–boron–azole (CBA), containing tebuconazole as organic biocide and monoethanolamine (Mea). This study investigates chemical mechanisms of fixation and mobilisation involved in the leaching process of the used inorganic and organic biocides in CBA. A pH dependent leaching test was performed, followed by a set of complementary analysis methods in order to identify and quantify the species released from wood. The main findings of this study are: -Organic compounds are released from untreated and treated wood; the quantity of released total organic carbon, carboxylic and phenolic functions increasing with the pH. -Nitrogen containing compounds, i.e. mainly Mea and its reaction products with extractives, are released in important quantities from CBA treated wood, especially at low pH. -The release of copper is the result of competitive reactions: fixation via complexation reactions and complexation with extractives in the liquid phase. The specific pH dependency of Cu leaching is explained by the competition of ligands for protonation and complexation. -Tebuconazole is released to a lesser extent relative to its initial content. Its fixation on solid wood structure seems to be influenced by pH, suggesting interactions with –OH groups on wood. Boron release appears to be pH independent and very high. This confirms its weak fixation on wood and also no or weak interaction with the extractives. KW - CBA treated wood KW - Biocide leaching KW - Leaching mechanism KW - pH dependency test PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.089 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 444 SP - 522 EP - 530 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27578 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Bagda, E. T1 - Leaching of substances from facades - current knowledge and activities T2 - European coatings conference on facade coatings and plasters CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 2013-10-29 PY - 2013 SP - 131 EP - 140 PB - Vincentz AN - OPUS4-29474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Bergmann, Hannelore T1 - Eindringtiefenbestimmungen für Holzschutzmittelwirkstoffe PY - 2000 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 58 SP - 380 EP - 386 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1204 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Lisec, Jan T1 - Leaching and transformation of film preservatives in paints induced by combined exposure to ultraviolet radiation and water contact under controlled laboratory conditions N2 - Stormwater from urban areas can transport biocidally active substances and related transformation products from buildings into the environment. The occurrence of these substances in urban runoff depends on the availability of water, and on ultraviolet radiation exposure that causes photolytic reactions. In a systematic laboratory study, painted test specimens were exposed to either ultraviolet radiation, water contact, or a combination of both. Leaching of the biocidally active substances carbendazim, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, terbutryn, and selected transformation products of terbutryn and diuron were observed under various exposure conditions. Remaining concentrations of these substances in the paint were quantified. It was demonstrated that the distribution of active substances and transformation products in eluates and in the coatings themselves differs with exposure conditions. Strategies for environmental monitoring of biocide emissions need to consider the most relevant transformation products. However, environmental concentrations of biocidally active substances and transformation products depend on earlier exposure conditions. As a consequence, monitoring data cannot describe emission processes and predict expected leaching of biocidally active substances from buildings if the data are collected only occasionally. KW - Substance release KW - Construction products KW - Biocides KW - Transformation KW - UV radiation KW - Water contact PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532114 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172390 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 13 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-53211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Gunschera, Jan A1 - Marx, Hans-Norbert A1 - Marx, Gabriele A1 - Peylo, André A1 - Schwarz, Gabriele T1 - Holzschutzmittelanalytik – Daten- und Literaturzusammenstellung für Wirkstoffe in geprüften Holzschutzmitteln N2 - Im DIN-Normenausschuß NMP 412 wurden in der Vergangenheit verschiedene Verfahren zur Holzschutzmittelanalytik genormt, die vorrangig einige der klassischen Holzschutzmittelkomponenten betreffen. Für die zunehmend auf den Markt drängenden neuen Wirkstoffe fehlen genormte Analysenverfahren. Der Bericht enthält einen Überblick zu gegenwärtig verfügbaren und angewandten Analyseverfahren. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 225 PY - 1998 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-2257 SN - 978-3-89701-160-3 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 225 SP - 1 EP - 164 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-225 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -