TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Balabanovich, Aliaksandr A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Artner, J. A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Döring, M. A1 - Perez, R. A1 - Sandler, J.K.W. A1 - Altstädt, V. A1 - Hoffmann, T. A1 - Pospiech, D. T1 - Pyrolysis of Epoxy Resins and Fire Behavior of Epoxy Resin Composites Flame-Retarded with 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide Additives N2 - The pyrolysis of an epoxy resin and the fire behavior of corresponding carbon fiber-reinforced composites, both flame-retarded with either 10-ethyl-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide or 1,3,5-tris[2-(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide-10-)ethyl]1, 3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, are investigated. The different fire retardancy mechanisms are discussed, and their influence on the fire properties assessed, in particular for flammability (limiting oxygen index, UL 94) and developing fires (cone calorimeter with different external heat fluxes of 35, 50, and 70 kW m-2). Adding the flame retardants containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide affects the fire behavior by both condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. Interactions between the additives and the epoxy resin result in a change in the decomposition pathways and an increased char formation. The release of phosphorous products results in significant flame inhibition. The fire properties achieved are thus interesting with respect to industrial exploration. KW - Flame retardance KW - Thermosets KW - Composites KW - Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) KW - Pyrolysis KW - High performance polymers KW - Epoxy resin PY - 2007 SN - 0021-8995 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 104 IS - 4 SP - 2260 EP - 2269 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-14573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perez, R.M. A1 - Sandler, J.K.W. A1 - Altstädt, V. A1 - Hoffmann, T. A1 - Pospiech, D. A1 - Artner, J. A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Döring, M. A1 - Balabanovich, Aliaksandr A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Novel Phosphorus-containing Hardeners with Tailored Chemical Structures for Epoxy Resins: Synthesis and Cured Resin Properties N2 - A comparative evaluation of systematically tailored chemical structures of various phosphorus-containing aminic hardeners for epoxy resins was carried out. In particular, the effect of the oxidation state of the phosphorus in the hardener molecule on the curing behavior, the mechanical, thermomechanical, and hot-wet properties of a cured bifunctional bisphenol-A based thermoset is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the comparative pyrolysis of neat cured epoxy resins containing phosphine oxide, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate (with a phosphorus content of about 2.6 wt %) and of the fire behavior of their corresponding carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Comparatively faster curing thermosetting system with an enhanced flame retardancy and adequate processing behavior can be formulated by taking advantage of the higher reactivity of the phosphorus-modified hardeners. For example, a combination of the high reactivity and of induced secondary crosslinking reactions leads to a comparatively high Tg when curing the epoxy using a substoichiometric amount of the phosphinate-based hardener. The overall mechanical performance of the materials cured with the phosphorus-containing hardeners is comparable to that of a 4,4-DDS-cured reference system. While the various phosphorus-containing hardeners in general provide the epoxy-based matrix with enhanced flame retardancy properties, it is the flame inhibition in the gas phase especially that determines the improvement in fire retardancy of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. In summary, the present study provides an important contribution towards developing a better understanding of the potential use of such phosphorus-containing compounds to provide the composite matrix with sufficient flame retardancy while simultaneously maintaining its overall mechanical performance on a suitable level. KW - Flame retardance KW - Organo-phosphorus compounds KW - Fracture toughness PY - 2007 SN - 0021-8995 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 105 IS - 5 SP - 2744 EP - 2759 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-15071 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Decomposition pathways in the pyrolysis zone: A key to understand fire retardancy mechanisms T2 - FRPM07 CY - Bolton, England DA - 2007-07-04 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15051 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Comprehensive fire behaviour assessment of polymeric materials based on cone calorimeter investigations N2 - Bench scale performance based cone calorimeter investigations were conducted on glass fibre reinforced polyamide 66 (PA-66) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) materials. Red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide were used as fire retardants. Dilution, heat sink, barrier and charring mechanisms are considered to be active in the condensed phase. Dilution, cooling and flame poisoning mechanisms are discussed for the gas phase. Cone calorimeter data are used to give a comprehensive fire behaviour assessment in terms of the propensity to cause a quick growing fire and of the propensity to cause a fire of long duration. The external heat flux is varied between 30 and 75 kW/m2 so that the results for combustion behaviour and flame retardancy, respectively, are valid for different fire scenarios and fire tests. Results on the intrinsic contribution of the steady heat release rate per unit area reveal information about the flammability behaviour. UL 94 results are predicted in close correspondence to UL 94 experiments. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly.2003.3.1.177 SN - 1618-7229 IS - 013 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - De Gruyter CY - [S.l.] AN - OPUS4-15852 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Fichera, Mario Augusto A1 - Jäger, Christian T1 - Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 N2 - The fire retardancy mechanisms of aluminium diethylphosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate was analysed in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. The influence of phosphorus compounds on the polyamide decomposition pathways was characterized using thermal analysis (TG), evolved gas analysis (TG–FTIR), and FTIR–ATR analysis of the residue. The Lewis acid–base interactions between the flame retardants, the amide unit, and the metal ions control the decomposition. The flammability (LOI, UL 94) and performance under forced-flaming conditions (cone calorimeter using different irradiations) were investigated. Fire residues were analysed with FTIR–ATR, SEM–EDX, and NMR. Aluminium phosphinate in polyamide 6,6 acts mainly by flame inhibition. Melamine polyphosphate shows some fuel dilution and a significant barrier effect. Using a combination of aluminium phosphinate and melamine polyphosphate results in some charring and a dominant barrier effect. These effects are improved in the presence of zinc borate due to the formation of boron–aluminium phosphates instead of aluminium phosphates. KW - Flame retardancy KW - Polyamide 6,6 KW - Metal phosphinate KW - Melamine polyphosphate KW - Zinc borate PY - 2007 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 92 IS - 8 SP - 1528 EP - 1545 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-15707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Pawlowski, Kristin T1 - Phosphorus-Containing Polymeric Materials: The Impact of Pyrolysis on Flame Retardancy T2 - 11th International Conference "INTERFLAM 2007" CY - London, UK DA - 2007-09-03 KW - Flame Retardancy KW - Fire Retardancy KW - Flame Retardants KW - Decompositiion pathways KW - Pyrolysis KW - Phosphorus PY - 2007 SN - 978-0-9541216-8-6 SN - 978-0-9541216-9-3 SP - 71 EP - 78 PB - Interscience Communications Limited CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-15761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Pötschke, P. T1 - Mechanical, Thermal, and Fire Behavior of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites N2 - Nanocomposites of bisphenol A polycarbonate with 2, 4, 6, and 15 wt% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and their use in fire retardancy are investigated. Their thermal behavior and pyrolysis are characterized using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimeter, oscillatory shear rheology, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flammability is addressed using LOI and UL 94; the fire behavior, with a cone calorimeter using different irradiation. With increasing MWNT content the storage modulus is increased (10-20%) and melt viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude, particularly for low shear rates. The melt flow, dripping, and deformation during fire are hindered, which influences UL 94 and cone calorimeter results. The peak heat release rate is reduced up to 40-50% due to an improved barrier for small amounts (2 wt%) of MWNT and for low irradiation, whereas the effect is reduced for increasing irradiation and nearly vanishes for increasing filling. Adjuvant but also deleterious mechanisms result in the complex dependency on the MWNT content. Significant flame retardancy effects are specific and limited to only some fire properties. This study allows the materials' potential for implementation in different fire scenarios and tests to be assessed and provides insight into active mechanisms. KW - Flame retardancy KW - Nanocomposite KW - Carbon multiwall nanotube (MWNT) KW - Cone Caorimeter KW - Flammability PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20932 SN - 0032-3888 SN - 1548-2634 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NY AN - OPUS4-16365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Balabanovich, Aliaksandr A1 - Artner, J. A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Döring, M. A1 - Perez, R.M. A1 - Sandler, J.K.W. A1 - Altstädt, V. T1 - Pyrolysis and fire behaviour of epoxy systems containing a novel 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener N2 - Highly soluble 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener (2), bearing its amino groups directly on the DOPO framework, is investigated with respect to its use as a reactive flame retardant in thermosets. A mechanism for decomposition of the corresponding phosphorus-modified epoxy resin system based on a diglycidylether of bisphenol A DGEBA and 2 (DGEBA/2) is proposed and compared to the systems using DGEBA and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfon (DGEBA/DDS) and to a similar system based on the structurally comparable non-reactive DOPO-based compound (DGEBA/DDS/1). Additive 1 changed the decomposition characteristics of the epoxy resin only slightly and phosphorus was released. Incorporating 2 induces two-step decomposition and most of the phosphorus remains in the residue. Furthermore, the fire behaviour of neat epoxy resin systems and a representative carbon fibre-reinforced composite based on DGEBA, DDS and 2 (DGEBA/DDS/2) were examined and compared to that of the analogous composite systems based on DGEBA/DDS and DGEBA/DDS/1. Based on different flame retardancy mechanisms both the reactive compound 2 and the additive compound 1 improve flammability (increase in LOI >13% and achieving V-1 behaviour) of the epoxy resin and composites. Under forced flaming only the flame inhibition of the additive compound 1 acts sufficiently. Lastly, the superior key mechanical properties of the epoxy resin and composite based on 2 are sketched. KW - Decomposition KW - DOPO KW - Flame retardancy KW - Composites KW - Thermosets PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.017 SN - 0014-3057 SN - 1873-1945 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 704 EP - 715 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-16708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stark, Wolfgang A1 - Teteris, Gundars A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Bohmeyer, W. A1 - Lange, K. T1 - Kontrolle der Vernetzungsreaktion bei reaktiven Harzen - DSC, Rheologie, DMA, FTIR und Online-Ultraschall im Vergleich N2 - Faserverbundbauteile werden durch Tränkung von Fasergewebe mit flüssigem Harz, in der Regel Epoxidharzen, und anschließender Härtung des Harzes gefertigt. Dabei kann man das Gewebe im Vorfeld mit reaktivem Harz tränken und als so genanntes Prepreg verarbeiten oder man injiziert das frisch mit dem Härter gemischte Harz in ein Werkzeug, in dem das Gewebe bereits liegt - z. B. beim RTM-Prozess. Ausgehend von der Aufgabenstellung, eine Prepregherstellung mit hohem Qualitätsstandard zu realisieren und Möglichkeiten der Fertigungskontrolle für den Prepreg-Verarbeiter aufzuzeigen, wurde an einem für die Prepregherstellung vorgesehenen Harzsystem eine weitgehende Charakterisierung des Aushärtungsverlaufs vorgenommen. Wegen der Schwierigkeit, schnell konstante Aushärtungstemperaturen zu erreichen, wurden bei allen Methoden mit einer Heizrate von 1 K/min von RT bis 200 °C aufgeheizt. T2 - Technomer 2011 - 22. Fachtagung über Verarbeitung und Anwendung von Polymeren CY - Chemnitz, Deutschland DA - 10.11.2011 KW - Thermoanalyse KW - Lineare Aufheizung KW - Online Prozesskontrolle KW - Epoxidharz KW - Prepreg PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-939382-10-2 IS - Kap. 1.1 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24910 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gallo, Emanuela A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Russo, P. A1 - Acierno, Domenico T1 - Fire retardant synergisms between nanometric Fe2O3 and aluminium phosphinate in poly(butylene terephthalate) N2 - The pyrolysis and the flame retardancy of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) containing aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and nanometric Fe2O3 were investigated using thermal analysis, evolved gas analysis (Thermogravimetry-FTIR), flammability tests (LOI, UL 94), cone calorimeter measurements and chemical analysis of residue (FTIR). AlPi mainly acts as a flame inhibitor in the gas phase, through the release of diethylphosphinic acid. A small amount of Fe2O3 in PBT promotes the formation of a carbonaceous char in the condensed phase. The combination of 5 and 8 wt% AlPi, respectively, with 2 wt% metal oxides achieves V-0 classification in the UL 94 test thanks to complementary action mechanisms. Using PBT/metal oxide nanocomposites shows a significant increase in the flame retardancy efficiency of AlPi in PBT and thus opens the route to surprisingly sufficient additive contents as low as 7 wt%. KW - Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) KW - Flammability KW - Metal oxide KW - Nanocomposite KW - Aluminum diethylphosphinate PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1774 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 22 IS - 12 SP - 2382 EP - 2391 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-24915 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Beständigkeit von Medizinprodukten T2 - Life Science Day 2012 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-06-08 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26013 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Time-Dependent Structure Changes of Polymers for Medical Application During their Life Cycle T2 - MODEST 2012 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2012-09-02 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26444 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Beständigkeit von Polymeren: Aushärtungs- und Degradationskontrolle T2 - Workshop am Fraunhofer CSP CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 2012-11-06 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26917 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Understanding the molecular degradation behaviour of polyolefin using autoclave tests at various pressures and temperatures T2 - Polymer Degradation and Discussion Group (PDDG) CY - Paris, France DA - 2013-09-01 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Beständigkeit von Polymeren: Verständnis molekularer Mechanismen T2 - JKU, Institute of Polymeric Materials and Testing, Seminar lecture CY - Linz, Austria DA - 2013-05-29 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28603 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Understanding the Molecular Degradation Behavior of Polymers T2 - BASF Flammschutztag CY - Mannheim, Germany DA - 2013-10-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29330 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seefeldt, Henrik A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Flame retardancy of glass fiber reinforced high temperature polyamide by use of aluminum diethylphosphinate: thermal and thermo-oxidative effects N2 - Glass fiber reinforced polyamide (PA) 6T/DT flame retarded with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) was tested to assess its flame retardant properties. Models for the decomposition of PA 6T/DT with and without AlPi are presented. Thermal decomposition was measured by performing TGA with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy in the condensed phase. Fire behavior was studied using a cone calorimeter and flammability was tested with UL 94 and the limiting oxygen index. AlPi works as an effective flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced PA 6T/DT materials, acting in the gas phase. Also observed was condensed-phase action, which occurs especially under oxidative conditions before the samples ignite. KW - Flame retardancy KW - High tmeperature polyamide 6T/DT KW - Aluminum phosphinate KW - Degradation PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4497 SN - 0959-8103 SN - 1097-0126 SN - 0007-1641 VL - 62 IS - 11 SP - 1608 EP - 1616 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Chichester, West Sussex AN - OPUS4-29386 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Kunze, Ralf A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Braun, Ulrike ED - Lewin, M. T1 - Mechanistic Studies on PA-66 Fire Retarded with Red Phosphorus T2 - 13th Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials ; 13th Annual BCC Conference on Flame Retardancy CY - Stamford, CT, USA DA - 2002-06-03 PY - 2002 SN - 1-569-65890-0 VL - 13 SP - 93 EP - 103 PB - BCC CY - Norwalk, Conn. AN - OPUS4-1562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bahr, Horst A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Recknagel, Christoph T1 - Short communication: Fire risks of burning asphalt N2 - Eyewitnesses describe burning pavement surfaces in extreme fire scenarios. However, it was believed that the pavement plays a negligible role in comparison to other items feeding such an extreme fire at the same time. The asphalt mixtures used differ widely, thus raising the question as to whether this conclusion holds for all kinds of such materials. Three different kinds of asphalt mixtures were investigated with the aim of benchmarking the fire risks. Cone calorimeter tests are performed at an irradiance of 70kWm-2. All three investigated asphalts burn in extreme fire scenarios. The fire response (fire load, time to ignition, maximum heat release rate and smoke production) is quite different and varies by factors of up to 10 when compared to each other. The fire load per mass is always very low due to the high content of inert minerals, whereas the effective heat of combustion of the volatiles is quite typical of non-flame retarded organics. The heat release rate and fire growth indices are strongly dependent on the fire residue and thus the kind of mineral filler used. Comparing with polymeric materials, the investigated Mastic Asphalt and Stone Mastic Asphalt may be called intrinsically flame resistant, whereas the investigated Special Asphalt showed a pronouncedly greater fire risk with respect to causing fire growth and smoke. Thus the question is raised as to whether the use of certain kinds of asphalts in tunnels must be reconsidered. Apart from the binder used, the study also indicates varying the kind of aggregate as a possible route to eliminate the problem. KW - Asphalt KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Fire behaviour PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1027 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 333 EP - 340 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-22172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wawrzyn, Eliza A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Ciesielski, M. A1 - Kretzschmar, B. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Döring, M. T1 - Are novel aryl phosphates competitors for bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in halogen-free flame-retarded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends? N2 - The reactivity of the flame retardant and its decomposition temperature control the condensed-phase action in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polytetrafluoroethylene (PC/ABSPTFE) blends. Thus, to increase charring in the condensed phase of PC/ABSPTFE + aryl phosphate, two halogen-free flame retardants were synthesized: 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylbisphenol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (TMC-BDP) and bisphenol A bis(diethyl phosphate) (BEP). Their performance is compared to bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) in PC/ABSPTFE blend. The comprehensive study was carried out using thermogravimetry (TG); TG coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR); the Underwriters Laboratory burning chamber (UL 94); limiting oxygen index (LOI); cone calorimeter at different irradiations; tensile, bending and heat distortion temperature tests; as well as rheological studies and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). With respect to pyrolysis, TMC-BDP works as well as BDP in the PC/ABSPTFE blend by enhancing the cross-linking of PC, whereas BEP shows worse performance because it prefers cross-linking with itself rather than with PC. As to its fire behavior, PC/ABSPTFE + TMC-BDP presents results very similar to PC/ABSPTFE + BDP; the blend PC/ABSPTFE + BEP shows lower flame inhibition and higher total heat evolved (THE). The UL 94 for the materials with TMC-BDP and BDP improved from HB to V0 for specimens of 3.2 mm thickness compared to PC/ABSPTFE and PC/ABSPTFE + BEP; the LOI increased from around 24% up to around 28%, respectively. BEP works as the strongest plasticizer in PC/ABSPTFE, whereas the blends with TMC-BDP and BDP present the same rheological properties. PC/ABSPTFE + TMC-BDP exhibits the best mechanical properties among all flame-retarded blends. KW - Polycarbonate (PC) KW - Aryl phosphate KW - Flame retardancy KW - Pyrolysis KW - PC/ABS PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.06.015 SN - 0014-3057 SN - 1873-1945 VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1561 EP - 1574 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-26292 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -