TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fire Retarding Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus in Polybutylenterephthalate T2 - 10th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials (10th European Conference on Fire Retardant Polymers), FRPM '05, BAM, Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-09-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-6369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Wirkungsmechanismen von Rotem Phosphor als Flammschutzmittel in Polymeren T2 - Disputation im Rahmen des Promotionsverfahrens am Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-12-01 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6370 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Roter Phosphor als Flammschutzmittel? T2 - Vortragsreihe im Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-22 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6394 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Braun, Ulrike ED - Le Bras, M. T1 - Barrier effects for the fire retardancy of polymers T2 - 9th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials CY - Lille, France DA - 2003-09-15 KW - Fire retardancy KW - Nanocomposites KW - Red Phosphorus KW - Mg(OH)2 KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - LOI PY - 2005 SN - 0-85404-582-1 VL - 9 SP - 264 EP - 275 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-7377 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schwarz, U. A1 - Reinemann, S. T1 - Fire Retardancy of Polypropylene/Flax Blends N2 - A comprehensive characterization of the thermal and the fire behaviour is presented for polypropylene (PP) flax compounds containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite as fire retardants. Thermogravimetry coupled with an evolved gas analysis (TG-FTIR) was performed to ensure a significant thermal analysis. The fire response under forced flaming conditions was studied using a cone calorimeter. The external heat flux was varied between 30 and 70 kW m-2 so that the results could be evaluated for different fire scenarios and tests. Different flammability tests (UL 94, limiting oxygen index, glow wire test, GMI 60261) were performed and the results compared with the cone calorimeter data. The different char forming mechanisms are described and the resulting fire retardancy is classified. The successful and ecological friendly fire retardancy is a technological breakthrough for PP/flax biocomposites. KW - Biosomposites KW - Flame retardancy KW - Flax PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00692-X SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 44 IS - 20 SP - 6241 EP - 6250 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schwarz, U. A1 - Reinemann, S. ED - Lewin, M. T1 - Fire Retarded Polypropylene/Flax Biocomposites T2 - 14th Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials ; 14th Annual BCC Conference on Flame Retardancy CY - Stamford, CT, USA DA - 2003-06-02 KW - Fire retardancy KW - PP/Flax Biocomposite KW - Expandable Graphite KW - Ammonium Polyphosphate KW - TG-FTIR KW - Cone Calorimeter PY - 2003 SN - 1-569-65930-3 VL - 14 SP - 219 EP - 228 PB - BCC CY - Norwalk, Conn. AN - OPUS4-2815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Fire Retardancy Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus in Thermoplastics N2 - The thermal decomposition and the fire behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA-66) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) containing red phosphorus (P4) were investigated. For glass fiber reinforced PA-66, P4 promotes char formation in the condensed phase. Barrier effects and the reduction of combustible volatiles were identified as fire retardancy mechanisms. For HIPS, P4 acts in the gas phase, mainly trapping radicals. The heat release per mass loss polymer is reduced due to an incomplete combustion. T2 - 12th International Conference Additives 2003 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2003-04-06 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.executive-conference.com/conferences/archives/abstracts2003/add03_abs5b.html SP - 1(?) EP - 10(?) PB - ECM CY - Plymouth, Mich. AN - OPUS4-2502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fire Retardancy Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus in Thermoplastics T2 - Additives 2003 - 12th Annual Conference on Additives and Modifiers CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2003-04-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fire Retardancy Mechanisms of Phosphorus in Thermoplastics KW - Fire retardancy KW - Red Phosphorus KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - TG-FTIR KW - TG-MS KW - HIPS KW - PBT KW - PA 66 PY - 2004 SN - 0743-0515 VL - 91 SP - 152 EP - 153 PB - Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-3971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Residue, Charring and Intumescence N2 - The exploration of condensed phase mechanisms such as charring and intumescence has been pushed forward in the last decades, since it is believed that focusing on these concepts will bring materials closer to an efficient and ecologically friendly fire retardancy. They promise to concentrate efficient fire retardancy at the key position between pyrolysis zone and gas phase. Examples of residue/char forming and intumescent materials are used to illustrate the influence of mass and heat barrier effects on the fire behavior of materials and general results are presented. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and structure-property relationships in fire retardancy is presented. KW - Fire retardancy KW - Nanocomposites KW - Red Phosphorus KW - Intumescence KW - Cone Calorimeter PY - 2006 SN - 1-59623-221-8 VL - XV SP - 15 EP - 21 PB - BCC Research CY - Norwalk, Conn. AN - OPUS4-4068 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -