TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Wirkungsmechanismen von Rotem Phosphor als Flammschutzmittel in Polymeren T2 - Disputation im Rahmen des Promotionsverfahrens am Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin T2 - Disputation im Rahmen des Promotionsverfahrens am Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-12-01 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6370 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Roter Phosphor als Flammschutzmittel? T2 - Vortragsreihe im Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin T2 - Vortragsreihe im Institut für Chemie der FU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-22 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6394 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fire Retardancy Mechanisms of Phosphorus in Thermoplastics JF - PMSE preprints KW - Fire retardancy KW - Red Phosphorus KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - TG-FTIR KW - TG-MS KW - HIPS KW - PBT KW - PA 66 PY - 2004 SN - 0743-0515 VL - 91 SP - 152 EP - 153 PB - Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-3971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Flame Retardant Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus and Magnesium Hydroxide in High Impact Polystyrene JF - Macromolecular chemistry and physics N2 - The flame retardant mechanisms of red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide and red phosphorus combined with magnesium hydroxide were studied in high impact polystyrene by means of comprehensive decomposition studies and combustion tests. The study is intended to illuminate prerequisites and the potential of red phosphorus as a fire retardant for hydrocarbon polymers in the condensed phase and in the gas phase. Thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition, decomposition kinetics and the product gases evolved were characterized using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, respectively. Fire behaviour was investigated with a cone calorimeter using different external heat fluxes, whereas the flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices. The combustion residues were analysed using XPS. Red phosphorus reduced the heat release in HIPS due to radical trapping in the gas phase. Magnesium hydroxide influenced fire behaviour by heat sink mechanisms, release of water and the formation of a magnesia layer acting as a barrier. The combination of both flame retardants in HIPS nearly resulted in a superposition. A slight synergy in barrier characteristics was due to the formation of magnesium phosphate, whereas a slight anti-synergism occurred in flammability and in the gas phase action. The latter effect is controlled by a decreased fuel rate due to the barrier layer rather than by an initiation of red phosphorus oxidation in the condensed phase. KW - Fire retardancy KW - Polystyrene KW - Pyrolysis KW - TG-FTIR KW - Red Phosphorus KW - Mg(OH)2 KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - Additives KW - Thermogravimetric analysis PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200400255 SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 205 IS - 16 SP - 2185 EP - 2196 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-4488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -