TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Fürhapper, C. A1 - Gunschera, J. A1 - Härtner, H. A1 - Hill, R. A1 - Melcher, E. A1 - Schwarz, G. A1 - Spetmann, P. A1 - Wilken, U. A1 - Wittenzellner, J. A1 - Wobst, M. T1 - Bestimmung von Permethrin in Holz - Ergebnisse von Vergleichsanalysen N2 - Vergleichsanalysen zur Bestimmung von Permethrin aus Holz ergaben, dass sich sowohl Extraktion mit Methanol im Ultraschallverfahren als auch Soxhlet-Extraktion mit Ethylacetat gut eignen, um Permethrin aus behandeltem Holz zu lösen. Verschiedene andere Extraktionsverfahren führen zu Minderbefunden. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Permethrin können sowohl Hochdruckflüssigchromatographie als auch Gaschromatographie eingesetzt werden. KW - Permethrin KW - Holz KW - Extraktion KW - Gaschromatographie KW - Hochdruckflüssigchromatographie KW - Analyse PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-007-0208-2 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 61 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-17167 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hajian, A. A1 - Konegger, T. A1 - Bielecki, K. A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schwarz, S. A1 - Zellner, C. A1 - Schmid, U. T1 - Wet chemical porosification with phosphate buffer solutions for permittivity reduction of LTCC substrates N2 - The wireless high-frequency technology requires a robust, cost-effective, and highly integrated substrate technology offering the capability for areas of tailored permittivity. The wet-chemical porosification of low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) substrates offers such an approach by locally embedding air. Porosification of LTCC in both extremely acidic and alkaline media has been investigated in previous works. However, for improving the available knowledge on the porosification of LTCC with H3PO4 as a standard and a widely used etching solution, the impact of solution concentration was systematically investigated and a substantial improvement in the etching performance was achieved. Moreover, in the present study, for the first time, the intermediate pH values, and the impact of pH as a key parameter on the etching process have been investigated. For this purpose, the applicability of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as a prospective novel etchant mixture for the porosification of a commercially available LTCC tape (Ceramtape GC) was explored. Valuable information about surface morphology, crystalline composition, and the pore structure of the etched LTCCs was gathered employing scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and mercury porosimetry measurements. Based on these findings, the performance of PBS-based etchant systems towards the generation of porous LTCCs combining high depths of porosification with acceptable surface characteristics for subsequent metallization is demonstrated. Based on the obtained results, by application of a 0.2 mol L−1 solution of PBS, the effective relative permittivity of test samples with a thickness of approximately 600 µm and a porosification depth of 186 µm from each side, could be reduced up to 10% of its initial “as fired” value. Also, based on the measurement results and by measuring the depth of porosification, the permittivity of the etched layer was estimated to show a reduction of up to 22% compared to the initial “as fired” value. KW - LTCC KW - Porosification KW - Wet chemical etching KW - Permittivity reduction PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158059 SN - 0925-8388 VL - 863 SP - 158059 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51800 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schwarz, U. A1 - Reinemann, S. ED - Lewin, M. T1 - Fire Retarded Polypropylene/Flax Biocomposites T2 - 14th Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials ; 14th Annual BCC Conference on Flame Retardancy CY - Stamford, CT, USA DA - 2003-06-02 KW - Fire retardancy KW - PP/Flax Biocomposite KW - Expandable Graphite KW - Ammonium Polyphosphate KW - TG-FTIR KW - Cone Calorimeter PY - 2003 SN - 1-569-65930-3 VL - 14 SP - 219 EP - 228 PB - BCC CY - Norwalk, Conn. AN - OPUS4-2815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schwarz, U. A1 - Reinemann, S. T1 - Fire Retardancy of Polypropylene/Flax Blends N2 - A comprehensive characterization of the thermal and the fire behaviour is presented for polypropylene (PP) flax compounds containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite as fire retardants. Thermogravimetry coupled with an evolved gas analysis (TG-FTIR) was performed to ensure a significant thermal analysis. The fire response under forced flaming conditions was studied using a cone calorimeter. The external heat flux was varied between 30 and 70 kW m-2 so that the results could be evaluated for different fire scenarios and tests. Different flammability tests (UL 94, limiting oxygen index, glow wire test, GMI 60261) were performed and the results compared with the cone calorimeter data. The different char forming mechanisms are described and the resulting fire retardancy is classified. The successful and ecological friendly fire retardancy is a technological breakthrough for PP/flax biocomposites. KW - Biosomposites KW - Flame retardancy KW - Flax PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00692-X SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 44 IS - 20 SP - 6241 EP - 6250 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ritter, C. A1 - Schwarz, U.D. A1 - Stegemann, Bert A1 - Heyde, M. A1 - Rademann, K. T1 - Tribological properties of amorphous and crystalline antimony nanoparticles studied by SFM and TEM KW - Friction KW - Dissipation KW - Nanoparticle PY - 2005 SN - 0420-0195 SN - 0372-5448 SN - 0343-9216 VL - 40 IS - 02 SP - 475 EP - 476 CY - Bad Honnef AN - OPUS4-7679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ritter, C. A1 - Heyde, M. A1 - Stegemann, Bert A1 - Rademann, K. A1 - Schwarz, U.D. T1 - Moving adsorbed particles by scanning force microscopy: A new gateway to the study of nanoscale frictional properties T2 - 3rd ESF Nanotribology Workshop CY - Sesimbra, Portugal DA - 2004-09-18 KW - Friction KW - Nanoparticle KW - Manipulation KW - Dissipation PY - 2004 SP - 34 PB - ESF CY - Sesimbra AN - OPUS4-7680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -