TY - JOUR A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Ritter, D. A1 - Goeritzer, M. A1 - Thiele, A. A1 - Blumrich, A. A1 - Beyhoff, N. A1 - Luettges, K. A1 - Smeir, E. A1 - Kasch, J. A1 - Grune, J. A1 - Müller, O. A1 - Klopfleisch, R. A1 - Foryst-Ludwig, A. A1 - Kintscher, U. T1 - Liver X Receptor Agonist AZ876 Induces Beneficial Endogenous Cardiac Lipid Reprogramming and Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Damage N2 - Background - It is known that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve cardiac function. However, relatively high daily doses are required to achieve sufficient cardiac concentrations of beneficial omega‐3 fatty acids. The liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a crucial regulator of lipid homeostasis in mammals. LXR activation has been shown to endogenously reprogram cellular lipid profiles toward increased polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Here we studied whether LXR lipid reprogramming occurs in cardiac tissue and exerts cardioprotective actions. Methods and Results - Male 129SV mice were treated with the LXR agonist AZ876 (20 µmol/kg per day) for 11 days. From day 6, the mice were injected with the nonselective β‐agonist isoproterenol for 4 consecutive days to induce diastolic dysfunction and subendocardial fibrosis while maintaining systolic function. Treatment with isoproterenol led to a marked impairment of global longitudinal strain and the E/e' ratio of transmitral flow to mitral annular velocity, which were both significantly improved by the LXR agonist. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in isoproterenol‐induced subendocardial fibrosis by AZ876. Analysis of the cardiac lipid composition by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and a significant reduction in saturated fatty acids by AZ876. Conclusions - The present study provides evidence that the LXR agonist AZ876 prevents subendocardial damage, improves global longitudinal strain and E/e' in a mouse model of isoproterenol‐induced cardiac damage, accompanied by an upregulation of cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Cardiac LXR activation and beneficial endogenous cardiac lipid reprogramming may provide a new therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction. KW - Heart failure KW - Lipids KW - Liver X receptor KW - Diastolic dysfunction KW - Nuclear receptor PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529352 DO - https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019473 VL - 10 IS - 14 SP - e019473 AN - OPUS4-52935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dal Molin, E. S. A1 - Henning, L. M. A1 - Müller, J. T. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Bekheet, M. F. A1 - Gurlo, A. A1 - Simon, U. T1 - Robocasting of ordered mesoporous silica‐based monoliths: Rheological, textural, and mechanical characterization N2 - Hierarchically porous, high‐surface‐area silica materials are excellent candidates for multiple applications like catalysis and environmental remediation. Shaping these materials with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, like robocasting, could enable their use with the benefit of on‐demand, customized shaping and maximizing performance. Herein, ordered mesoporous silica COK‐12 slurries were robocasted into monoliths, containing different ratios of uncalcined COK‐12 and sodium bentonite (0–25 wt.%). The rheology of the mixed slurries is characterized by lower flow indexes (0.69 vs. 0.32) and higher yield stresses (96 vs. 259 Pa) compared to pure COK‐12 ones. Monoliths were printed in woodpile structures and calcined at 600°C. Micro‐CT measurements showed a linear shrinkage of 25% after calcination. Mechanical characterization showed increased uniaxial strength (0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.0 ± 0.3 MPa) with increasing binder/solids ratio from 13 to 25%. The amorphous, mesoporous structure of COK‐12 was retained. The structures exhibited open porosities of 52 ± 4% and showed higher specific mesopore volumes, and increased average mesopore size (6 vs. 8 nm) compared to COK‐12. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering analysis revealed an increased lattice parameter (10.3 vs. 11.0 nm) and reduced wall thickness (3.1 nm vs. 4.1 nm) of the COK‐12 in the monoliths. These properties indicate suitability for their application as porous supports and adsorbents. KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering KW - Additive manufacturing KW - OMS KW - Porous materials KW - Robocasting KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582503 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300109 VL - 4 IS - 11-12 SP - 615 EP - 631 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-58250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, M.E.H. A1 - Urban, K. A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Siegel, David A1 - Korn, U. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Mycotoxins as antagonistic or supporting agents in the interaction between phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria fungi N2 - The role of mycotoxins in the microbial competition in an ecosystem or on the same host plant is still unclear. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of mycotoxins on growth and mycotoxin production of Fusarium and Alternaria fungi. Fusarium culmorum Fc13, Fusarium graminearum Fg23 and two Alternaria tenuissima isolates (At18 and At220) were incubated on wheat kernels supplemented with alternariol (AOH), tetramic acid derivates (TeA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in an in vitro test system. Fungal biomass was quantified by determining ergosterol content. Three Fusarium toxins (DON, nivalenol and ZEA) and three Alternaria toxins (AOH, alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altenuene) were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. If Alternaria strains grew in wheat kernels spiked with Fusarium mycotoxins, their growth rates were moderately increased, their AOH and AME production was enhanced and they were simultaneously capable of degrading the Fusarium mycotoxins DON and ZEA. In contrast, both Fusarium strains behaved quite differently. The growth rate of Fc13 was not distinctly influenced, while Fg23 increased its growth in wheat kernels spiked with AOH. TeA depressed the ergosterol content in Fc13 as well as in Fg23. The DON production of Fc13 was slightly depressed, whereas the ZEA production was significantly increased. In contrast, Fg23 restricted its ZEA production. Both Fusarium strains were not capable of degrading the Alternaria mycotoxin AOH. Mycotoxins might play an important role in the interfungal competitive processes. They influence growth rates and mycotoxin production of the antagonistic combatants. The observed effects between phytopathogenic Alternaria and Fusarium strains and their mycotoxins aid the understanding of the complexity of microbial competitive behaviour in natural environments. KW - Phytopathogen KW - Trichothecenes KW - Alternaria mycotoxins KW - Multi-mycotoxin analysis KW - Inter-fungal competition PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2014.1747 SN - 1875-0710 SN - 1875-0796 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 311 EP - 321 PB - Wageningen Academic Publishers CY - Wageningen AN - OPUS4-32849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Diete, W. A1 - Klein, U. A1 - Frahm, R. T1 - BAMlin - the first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II N2 - The first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II will be installed by BAM and PTB at a superconducting 7 T wavelength shifter. The main optical elements of the beamline are a Double-Multilayer-Monochromator and a Double-Crystal-Monochromator. The two devices can be used separately or in-line. Main applications of monochromatic radiation with photon energies up to 50 keV are X-ray fluorescence analysis, micro-computed tomography, X-ray topography, detector calibration and reflectometry. Calculable undispersed radiation up to 200 keV will be available for radiometric applications. KW - Double-Multilayer-Monochromator with meridional bender KW - Double-Crystal-Monochromator with sagittal bender KW - X-ray fluorescence analysis KW - Micro-computed tomography KW - X-ray topography KW - Detector calibration KW - Reflectometry PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00466-1 SN - 0168-9002 SN - 0167-5087 VL - 467-468 IS - 1 SP - 703 EP - 706 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhrich, J. A1 - Damerow, T. A1 - Hahn, W. A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Denker, A. T1 - A tandetron as proton injector for the eye tumor therapy in Berlin N2 - The therapy of eye tumors with fast protons is an excellent tool giving very high local control rates. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) almost 1800 patients were treated since 1998. A 2 MV Tandetron™ was installed as injector for the k = 132 HZB cyclotron. Using the standard 358 duoplasmatron ion source with direct extraction of negative hydrogen ions an extremely stable proton beam can be delivered, both on the short-term and the long-term scale. The hair-needle filaments made from thoriated tungsten wires have safe operation times of more than 1000 h. KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Duoplasmatrons KW - Eye KW - Particle beam extraction KW - Radiation therapy KW - Tumours PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3662475 SN - 0034-6748 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 83 IS - 02B903 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-25721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Boller, C. T1 - Safe product design - the role of the NDE reliability analysis N2 - When pushed to the limits of their detection capability, NDE systems do not produce consistent hit/miss indications. Their capability of detecting small defects is therefore expressed in terms of POD. An adequate NDE system is required to ensure the structural integrity. In conventional signal response analysis, the POD is expressed as a function of the defect size, and its adequacy for the inspection task is tested against the maximum allowable defect size which will not undermine the structural integrity. Analyses of modern structures show that other parameters, beside the defect size, can both significantly influence the POD and determine the severity of the defect for the structure. Within the multi-parameter reliability analysis, the POD is expressed as a function of those influencing parameters. When determining the adequacy of the NDE system, the capability of detecting a defect has to be expressed and tested against the critical value of exactly that parameter that determines defects severity for the structure. Failing to do so can lead to a rejection of the healthy, or acceptance of the bad part. The principle is demonstrated on the example of the Transmit-Receive Longitudinal (TRL) ultrasonic inspection of the iron cast component for semi-elliptical surface defects. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Reliability KW - Probability of detection (POD) KW - Multi-parameter KW - Ultrasonics KW - Transmit receive longitudinal (TRL) PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 9 (Paper 310) AN - OPUS4-27581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Drachenberg, E. A1 - Müller, W. A1 - Schaaf, U. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Krug, Sonja T1 - Sanierung der umweltgeschädigten Fensterverglasungen der Friedenskirche in Schweidnitz-Niederschlesien und Ermittlung der die Kirche beeinflussenden Material- und Klimaparameter im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Konservierung N2 - Die evangelische Friedenskirche in Schweidnitz (Polen) ist ein besonderes Zeugnis des deutsch-polnischen und damit europäischen Kulturerbes. Deshalb wurde sie auch 2001 einstimmig vom UNESCO-Komitee in die Liste des Kultur- und Naturerbes der Welt aufgenommen. Sie stellt ein einmaliges Denkmal des hoch entwickelten schlesischen Fachwerk- und Holzbaues aus dem 17. Jahrhundert dar. Im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zwischen Fachleuten aus Deutschland und Polen erfolgte die fachgerechte Restaurierung von 39 Fensterverglasungen und Rahmen mit dem Ziel, eine Abdichtung des Kirchenraumes gegen eine zeitweilig zu feuchte und mit Schadstoffen angereicherte Außenluft zu erreichen. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung in Berlin führte Untersuchungen zu den klimatischen Bedingungen im Kirchentraum durch, um für die Kunstschätze nachhaltig verträgliche Bedingungen zu sichern. In der Friedenkirche war, wie auch in vielen anderen Bauwerken, in den 70-er und 80-er Jahren des 20. Jh. das Holzschutzmittel Xylamon verwendet worden. Neben der Gefahr für die sensiblen Materialien der Kunstwerke ist durch Holzschutzmittel auch ein Einfluss auf die Gesundheit von im Kirchenraum befindlichen Personen nicht auszuschließen. Mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Untersuchungsmethoden konnten Emissionen aus Holzschutzmitteln und ihre Verbreitung im Kircheninneren nachgewiesen werden. KW - Restaurierung KW - Klimamessungen KW - Holzschutzmittel KW - PCP KW - Lindan PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-8167-9021-1 VL - D 1015 IS - Abschlussbericht / Az. 28806 - 45 SP - 1 EP - 115 PB - Fraunhofer IRB Verl. AN - OPUS4-28959 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Bürgisser, P. ED - Uzoegbo, H.C. ED - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Influence of natural pozzolans on the risk of alkali silica reaction N2 - Industrial byproducts and natural pozzolanas are increasingly being used as supplementary cementitious materials. In the group of natural pozzolanas volcanic ashes are the most prominent. Despite the fact that volcanic pozzolanas were used since Roman times, not much is known about their role in influencing the long term durability of concrete. The paper presents results of the volcanic pozzolana ‘Rhenish trass’, which is quarried in western Germany and its role during an alkali silica reaction (ASR). Field data and laboratory experiments indicate that trass releases alkalis into the pore solution but also changes cement paste chemistry and alkali binding behavior. There seems to be a sensitive balance between alkali release and increase of alkali binding capacity, both mechanisms crucial for the course of an ASR in concrete. T2 - ACCTA - International conference on advances in cement and concrete technology in Africa 2013 CY - Johannesburg, South Africa DA - 28.01.2013 KW - Alkali silica reaction KW - Natural pozzolans KW - Microscopy KW - Micro chemical analysis PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-9815360-3-4 SP - 801 EP - 808 AN - OPUS4-27765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - Holistically evaluating the reliability of NDE systems - paradigm shift N2 - New methodologies for evaluating the reliability of NDE systems are discussed in accordance with the specific requirements of industrial application. After a review of the substantive issues from the previous decades, the go forward guidance is concluded. For high safety demands a quantitative probability of detection (POD) created from hit miss experiments or signal response analysis and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) are typically created. The modular model distinguishes between the influence of pure physics and technique, industrial application factors and the human factor and helps to learn what factors are covered by modelling, open or blind trials. A new paradigm is offered to consider the POD or reliability of the system as a function of the configuration of input variables and use it for optimisation rather than for a final judgement. New approaches are considered dealing with real defects in a realistic environment, affordable but precisely like the Bayesian approach or model assisted methods. Among the influencing parameters, the human factor is of high importance. A systematic psychological approach helps to find out where the bottlenecks are and shows possibilities for improvement. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Reliability of NDE KW - POD KW - ROC KW - Modular Model KW - Multiparameter-POD KW - Bayesian Approach KW - Human Factor PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 14 (Paper 591) AN - OPUS4-27579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Silva, B. A1 - Da Porto, F. A1 - Hracov, S. A1 - Pospisil, S. A1 - Adami, C.-E. A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Vasconcelos, G. A1 - Poletti, E. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures N2 - Different types of vertical elements, such as masonry, massive walls and timber frame elements, exhibit a different response exposed to the same loading scenario, in particular when it concerns dynamic loading. It is therefore paramount to investigate the principal response of different types of construction with different materials under a variety of loading scenarios. From there, the design of strengthening techniques against earthquakes can be performed. This paper presents the results from experiments, where various retrofitting techniques were tested. The goals were to define and improve laboratory procedures for evaluating the intervention technologies and specifications for laboratory specimens. From this base tests to characterise the experimental behaviour of original and strengthened masonry walls were performed, in order to obtain information on the system performance and the main constitutive laws relevant for modelling. The test campaigns were focused on static tests as well as cyclic tests of unreinforced and reinforced vertical building elements. The study is part of our work in the framework of the ongoing project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes. T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Stone masonry KW - Brick masonry KW - Earthen materials KW - Half timbered walls KW - Grouting PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2870 EP - 2878 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Ziegert, C. A1 - Kaiser, C. A1 - Röhlen, U. T1 - Eigenschaften industrieller Lehmbauprodukte für den Mauerwerksbau und Verhalten von Lehmsteinmauerwerk N2 - Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Eigenschaften industriell hergestellter Bauprodukte aus Lehm für den Mauerwerksbau. Die Qualität der industriellen Fertigung dieser Produktgruppe hat inzwischen einen Stand erreicht, der vergleichbar mit dem anderer Bauprodukte ist. Lehm-Putzmörtel gibt es als Universalputze für ein- oder mehrlagige Anwendung oder in Form von Unter-, Ober- oder Feinputzen. Lehmsteine werden in verschiedenen Größen und mit Lochung angeboten. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Lehmsteinsorten sind geprägt durch Druckfestigkeiten bis 11 N/mm2, mit üblichen Werten bei 2 bis 5 N/mm2. Ein kritischer Punkt ist die Abhängigkeit der Festigkeitseigenschaften der Lehmsteine von der Materialfeuchte. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass in einem Luftfeuchtebereich von 40 bis 70 % RLF die Druckfestigkeit von Lehmsteinen verhältnismäßig konstant ist. Mauerwerk, errichtet mit Lehmsteinen und Lehm-Mauermörtel, zeigt ähnliche Druckfestigkeiten und E-Module wie Mauerwerk, das mit Porenbetonsteinen errichtet wurde. Infolge einer geringeren Haftscherfestigkeit zwischen Lehmmörtel und Lehmstein ist die Schubfestigkeit von Lehmsteinmauerwerk vergleichsweise niedrig.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Properties of industrially produced earthen building products for masonry and behaviour of earth block masonry. The contribution gives an overview of the properties of industrially produced earthen building products for masonry. In the meantime the quality of the industrial production of this group of building materials reached a level similar to that of other products for construction. Earth plasters exist as plasters for universal, one or multi layer applications or as lower, upper or finish plasters. Earth blocks are provided in different sizes and with different perforations. The mechanical properties of different earth block types are signified by compressive strength of up to 11 N/mm2 but are typically in a range between 2 and 5 N/mm2. A critical point is the correlation of the strength of earthen materials with their moisture content. Results from earth blocks showed that in a relative humidity window between 40 and 70 % rh the compressive strength of earth blocks is fairly constant. Masonry made from earth block and earth mortar exhibited compressive strength and elastic modules similar to masonry made with aerated autoclaved concrete blocks. The shear strength of earth block masonry, however, is fairly low, due to the weak bond between earth block and earth mortar. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201200527 SN - 1432-3427 SN - 1437-1022 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 28 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27744 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Drachenberg, E. A1 - Müller, W. A1 - Schaaf, U. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Modellhafte Restaurierung und Schutz von schwer geschädigten Glasmalereien und Ornamentbleiverglasungen an bedeutenden sakralen Bauten in einer durch Umweltschadstoffe hoch belasteten Landschaftsregion Niederschlesiens N2 - Deutschland und Polen haben ein gemeinsames Kulturerbe zu bewahren. Dies gilt auch für die niederschlesische Region mit ihren bedeutenden, aber gleichzeitig durch Umweltschadstoffe gefährdeten Kunstdenkmälern. Durch den Einbau von Außenschutzverglasungen wurden farbige Glasmalereifenster in der katholischen Pfarrkirche Niedersteine (Scinawka), der katholischen Kirche zu den Schutzengeln in Waldenburg (Walbrzych) und der Friedenskirche in Jauer (Jawor) modellhaft und nachhaltig vor der Einwirkung von Umwelteinflüssen geschützt. Die Restaurierung dieser Glasmalereifenster erfolgte in enger Abstimmung zwischen der Restaurierungswerkstatt und mit den am Projekt beteiligten Gutachtern und den zuständigen Denkmalbehörden. Die begleitende naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen betrafen die Auswahl unbedenklicher und langzeitbeständiger Restaurierungsmaterialien als auch die Auswahl und Überprüfung von geeigneten Schutzsystemen zur langfristigen Vermeidung von Korrosionsschäden insbesondere an den empfindlichen Glasmalereien. KW - Historisches Gebäude KW - Kirchengebäude KW - Fenster KW - Glas KW - Glasmalerei KW - Mittelalter KW - Konservierung KW - Restaurierung KW - Monitoring KW - Umwelteinfluss PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-8167-9428-8 VL - D 1018 SP - Abschlussbericht, 1-99, Anhang 1-21 PB - Fraunhofer IRB Verl. CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-33206 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Characterisation of earthen elements. A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Earthen materials KW - Compression test KW - Diagonal compression test KW - Initial shear strength test PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 1 SP - 841 EP - 849 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27277 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Vergleich und Modellierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilen aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk, Wellerlehm und Stampflehm N2 - Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts NIKER (www.niker.eu) wurden die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilen aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk, Wellerlehm und Stampflehm bestimmt. Ziel war es grundlegende Daten zum Festigkeits- und Verformungsverhalten von Lehmbauteilen zu erhalten. Die Daten wurden als Eingangsgrößen zur Modellierung des Bauteilverhaltens verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass unter Druckbeanspruchung Lehmsteinmauerwerk und Stampflehm ein ähnliches Verformungsverhalten aufweisen. Dagegen zeigte Wellerlehm zwar deutlich niedrigere Druckfestigkeiten aber das Nachbruchverhalten war im Vergleich zu den beiden anderen Bauweisen wesentlich deutlicher ausgeprägt. Erste Ergebnisse zur Makromodellierung des Festigkeits- und Verformungsverhaltens sowohl im elastischen als auch plastischen Bereich zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentell ermittelten Daten. Die Modellierung auch von komplizierteren Lehmbauteilformen unter statischer Last scheint somit in absehbarer Zeit möglich. T2 - Lehm 2012 - 6. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 05.10.2012 KW - Stampflehm KW - Lehmstein KW - Mauerwerk KW - Wellerlehm KW - Mechanische Eigenschaften PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-00-039649-6 IS - Session C SP - 320 EP - 331 AN - OPUS4-26936 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Pospísil, S. A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Hracov, S. T1 - Verhalten von Lehmstein- und Stampflehmwänden unter dynamischer Belastung und Effizienz von Bewehrungsmaßnahmen N2 - Lehmbauten repräsentieren einen bedeutenden Teil des kulturellen Erbes. Sie erfordern einen hohen Erhaltungsaufwand und wenngleich die Beschädigung sowie der Einsturz solcher Wohngebäude zum Verlust von Menschenleben führen, sind Erdbeben ebenso verheerend für das gebaute kulturelle Erbe in diesen Regionen. In der Tat wird es häufig übersehen, dass ein bedeutender Teil der Weltkulturerbestätten, die gefährdet sind, aus Lehm gebaut sind. T2 - Lehm 2012 - 6. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 05.10.2012 KW - Earth blocks KW - Rammed earth KW - Static loads KW - Dynamic loads KW - Cyclic tests PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-00-039649-6 IS - Session C SP - 122 EP - 133 AN - OPUS4-26935 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lackmann, C. A1 - Velki, M. A1 - Šimić, A. A1 - Müller, Axel A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Ečimović, S. A1 - Hollert, H. T1 - Two types of microplastics (polystyrene-HBCD and car tire abrasion) affect oxidative stress-related biomarkers in earthworm Eisenia andrei in a time-dependent manner N2 - Microplastics are small plastic fragments that are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. While the soil ecosystem represents a large reservoir for plastic, research so far has focused mainly on the impact on aquatic ecosystems and there is a lack of information on the potentially adverse effects of microplastics on soil biota. Earthworms are key organisms of the soil ecosystem and are due to their crucial role in soil quality and fertility a suitable and popular model organism in soil ecotoxicology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on the earthworm Eisenia andrei on multiple levels of biological organization after different exposure periods. Earthworms were exposed to two types of microplastics: (1) polystyrene-HBCD and (2) car tire abrasion in natural soil for 2, 7, 14 and 28 d. Acute and chronic toxicity and all subcellular investigations were conducted for all exposure times, avoidance behavior assessed after 48 h and reproduction after 28 d. Subcellular endpoints included enzymatic biomarker responses, namely, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities, as well as fluorescence-based measurements of oxidative stress-related markers and multixenobiotic resistance activity. Multiple biomarkers showed significant changes in activity, but a recovery of most enzymatic activities could be observed after 28 d. Overall, only minor effects could be observed on a subcellular level, showing that in this exposure scenario with environmentally relevant concentrations based on German pollution levels the threat to soil biota is minimal. However, in areas with higher concentrations of microplastics in the environment, these results can be interpreted as an early warning signal for more adverse effects. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights regarding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on soil organisms. KW - Microplastics KW - Earthworms KW - Toxicity KW - Biomarker KW - oxidative stress PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545423 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107190 VL - 163 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-54542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, U. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Rolff, J. T1 - Exposure of the wild bee Osmia bicornis to the honey bee pathogen Nosema ceranae N2 - Wild bees are important pollinators for agricultural crops and solitary species such as Osmia bicornis are particularly suitable for pollination management. Wild bees share floral resources with managed honey bees and may be exposed to emerging infectious diseases. Although studies have explored the prevalence of pathogens in solitary wild bee species, data regarding the impact of pathogens on solitary bee health are lacking. We carried out experiments examining whether the solitary bee species O. bicornis is susceptible to infection with the emerging pathogen The results obtained indicate that N. ceranae may be able to infect O. bicornis but its impact on host fitness is negligible: survival rates did not differ between Control and inoculated bees, although male survival was marginally lower after infection. To explore the possible field-relevance of our findings, we collected wild bees near an infected and a non-infected hive and showed that N. ceranae was shared between managed and wild bees, although only the in presence of infected honey bees. The findings of the present study show that O. bicornis is susceptible to pathogen spillover and could act as a potential reservoir host for N. ceranae in pollinator networks. Additional studies on this species incorporating sublethal effects, multiple infections and other interacting stressors are warranted. KW - Wild bees KW - Nosema ceranae KW - Osmia bicornis KW - Pathogen spillover KW - Survival rates PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12338 SN - 1461-9555 SN - 1461-9563 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 363 EP - 371 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-49648 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Silva, R. A. A1 - Oliveira, D. V. A1 - Müller, U. T1 - Static behavior of cob: Experimental testing and finite-element modeling N2 - The aim of this paper is to implement a numerical model to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of cob walls under shear loading. Axial compression, pull-off, and diagonal compression tests were carried out to derive the mechanical parameters. In addition, the stressstrain relationships, the nonlinear behavior, and the failure modes were defined. The experimental results were then used to calibrate a finiteelement model. The material behavior was simulated through a macromodeling approach adopting the total strain rotating crack model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effects of varying the parameters with higher uncertainty on the structural behavior. The numerical model achieved good correspondence with the experimental results in terms of simulation of the shear stress–shear strain relationship and of damage pattern. KW - Cob KW - Compression behavior KW - Shear behavior KW - Digital image correlation KW - Finite-element method PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002638 SN - 0899-1561 SN - 1943-5533 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 04019021-1 EP - 04019021-13 PB - ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers AN - OPUS4-47316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bramke, K. A1 - Müller, U. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Rolff, J. T1 - Exposure of Larvae of the Solitary Bee Osmia bicornis to the Honey Bee Pathogen Nosema ceranae Aects Life History N2 - Wild bees are important pollinators of wild plants and agricultural crops and they are threatened by several environmental stressors including emerging pathogens. Honey bees have been suggested as a potential source of pathogen spillover. One prevalent pathogen that has recently emerged as a honey bee disease is the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. While the impacts of N. ceranae in honey bees are well documented, virtually nothing is known about its effects in solitary wild bees. The solitary mason bee Osmia bicornis is a common pollinator in orchards and amenable to Commercial management. Here, we experimentally exposed larvae of O. bicornis to food contaminated with N. ceranae and document spore presence during larval development. We measured mortality, growth parameters, and timing of pupation in a semi-field experiment. Hatched individuals were assessed for physiological state including fat body mass, wing muscle mass, and body size. We recorded higher mortality in the viable-spore-exposed group but could only detect a low number of Spores among the individuals of this treatment. Viable-spore-treated individuals with higher head capsule width had a delayed pupation start. No impact on the physiological status could be detected in hatched imagines. Although we did not find overt evidence of O. bicornis infection, our findings indicate that exposure of larvae to viable N. ceranae spores could affect bee development. KW - Bee diseases KW - Wild bees KW - Nosema ceranae KW - Osmia bicornis KW - Pathogen transmission KW - Solitary bees KW - Bee health PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-496497 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110380 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - 380 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-49649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - A plenary view on the vigour of our NDE reliability models N2 - Using the Modular Reliability Model the three different main influencing elements, i.e. intrinsic capability (IC), application parameters (AP) and the human factors (HF), are, in the first instance, investigated separately. The intrinsic capability stands for the pure physical-technological process of the signal detection caused by the waves or the rays from a material defect in the presence of noise (driven by the material and the devices). This intrinsic capability is the upper bound of the possible reliability. Already when measuring this intrinsic capability for thick walled components the original one-parameter POD must be extended to a multiparameter POD, where, in addition to the defect size, a number of additional physical parameters, such as the grain size distribution (or attenuation), defect depth, and angle or surface roughness, must be considered. For real life cycle assessments it is necessary to evaluate the signal response from real defects. The industrial application factors, e.g. coupling conditions, limited accessibility, heat and environmental vibrations, diminish the reliability. The amount of reduction can be determined quantitatively, if the underlying conditions are controlled. In case they are not controlled it is necessary to count for a fluctuation in the reliability in the field anyway. The third group of important influencing factors are the human factors, which do not only cover the individual performance capability of the inspectors but also the design of the working place,the procedure, the teamwork quality, interaction with systems, the organization, and finally, the relationship between the companies involved in the inspection process and to which extend the responsible parties are aware of it. When comparing an “ideal inspection” with a “real inspection” it is worth while to look how the existing practices, rules and standards support reliable testing and where the “delta” is. In the context of vigor, with respect to the industrial end user, it needs to be shown how the level of reliability of NDE, influenced by the different factors, has an impact on acceptance or rejection of safety critical parts. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-312658 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - Lecture 2, 1 EP - 18 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, L. M. A1 - Müller, J. T. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Bekheet, M. F. A1 - Gurlo, A. A1 - Simon, U. T1 - Hierarchically porous and mechanically stable monoliths from ordered mesoporous silica and their water filtration potential N2 - Mechanically stable structures with interconnected hierarchical porosity combine the benefits of both small and large pores, such as high surface area, pore volume, and good mass transport capabilities. Hence, lightweight micro-/meso-/macroporous monoliths are prepared from ordered mesoporous silica COK-12 by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS, S-sintering) and compared to conventionally (C-) sintered monoliths. A multi-scale model is developed to fit the small angle X-ray scattering data and obtain information on the hexagonal lattice parameters, pore sizes from the macro to the micro range, as well as the dimensions of the silica population. For both sintering techniques, the overall mesoporosity, hexagonal pore ordering, and amorphous character are preserved. The monoliths' porosity (77–49%), mesopore size (6.2–5.2 nm), pore volume (0.50–0.22 g cm-3 ), and specific surface area (451–180 m2 g-1) decrease with increasing processing temperature and pressure. While the difference in porosity is enhanced, the structural parameters between the C-and S-sintered monoliths are largely converging at 900 C, except for the mesopore size and lattice parameter, whose dimensions are more extensively preserved in the S-sintered monoliths, however, coming along with larger deviations from the theoretical lattice. Their higher mechanical properties (biaxial strength up to 49 MPa, 724 MPa HV 9.807 N) at comparable porosities and ability to withstand ultrasonic treatment and dead-end filtration up to 7 bar allow S-sintered monoliths to reach a high permeance (2634 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), permeability (1.25 x 10^-14 m2), and ability to reduce the chemical oxygen demand by 90% during filtration of a surfactant-stabilized oil in water emulsion, while indicating reasonable resistance towards fouling. KW - SAXS KW - Hierarchically porous KW - Silica KW - Water filtration PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555928 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NA00368F SN - 2516-0230 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-55592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - Reliability Analysis of the Phased-Array Ultrasonic System used for the Inspection of Friction Stir Welds N2 - The canister for the permanent storage of spent nuclear fuel used by SKB in Sweden consists of a cast iron insert surrounded by a five centimetre thick shell of copper. It is a safety critical component and in order to secure long-term structural integrity non-destructive methods are used to inspect 100% of the volume of each canister, before it is disposed of in the repository. One of the critical components that requires inspection is a sealing weld, joining the copper tube and the lid. The friction stir weld is inspected using an ultrasonic phased array system. The area of the weld is inspected with several inspection channels with different angles and varying coverage. To make sure that no defects that might occur in the weld are overseen, the reliability of the inspection must be quantified. The reliability of NDT is usually quantified with the probability of detection curves. The influence of the parameters that might influence the POD of the flaws in the weld is investigated analysing the experimental results, as well as with a help of a numerical simulation of the inspection. T2 - 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - NDT KW - Ultrasonic KW - Reliability KW - POD KW - Copper KW - FSW KW - JLH PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366982 VL - 2016/158 SP - We.4.E.5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Fahlbruch, B. A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - 'Human factors' bei der Datenauswertung der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung am Beispiel der nuklearen Endlagerung N2 - Für eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Sicherheit bei der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (ZfP) ist es unvermeidlich neben der Technik auch den Prüfer und die Prüforganisation einzubeziehen. Die Prüfung der Unversehrtheit von Endlagerbehältern ist eine eine sicherheitstechnisch wichtige Anwendung. Die Betreiber der geplanten finnischen und schwedischen Endlager, Posiva und SKB, kapseln den radioaktiven Abfall in Kupferkanistern ein und deponieren die Kanister dann in Felsgestein in einer Tiefe von ca. 500m. Die Kanister bestehen aus einem zylinderförmigen Kupfermantel mit einem Deckel und einem Boden, die zusammen die Außenumhüllung ergeben sowie einer Gusseisenmatrix für die Brennstäbe. Alle Komponenten werden auf ihre Dichtheit bzw. strukturelle Unversehrtheit mittels zerstörungsfreier Prüfmethoden geprüft, um sicher zu stellen, dass im Material und in den Schweißnähten keine kritischen Defekte vorhanden sind, die zu Freisetzungen in die Umgebung führen könnten. Vier ZfP Methoden (Ultraschall-, Wirbelstrom- und radiographische Prüfung, und die visuelle Prüfung anhand einer Kamera) werden mechanisiert durchgeführt, die gewonnenen Daten werden von qualifizierten Fachleuten ausgewertet und bieten so die Möglichkeit, dass Fehler entstehen. Das 'Human Factor'- Untersuchungskonzept besteht aus der Identifizierung potenzieller menschlicher Fehler, deren Ursachen und Präventionsmethoden. Mit Hilfe einer abgewandelten FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) wurden mögliche Risiken identifiziert, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten menschlicher Fehler bei der Datenauswertung erhöhen. Einige dieser Risiken sind beispielsweise Verantwortungsdiffusion beim 4-Augen-Prinzip, Übervertrauen in die Technik bei der automatischen Identifikation von Defekten sowie der Aufmerksamkeitsverlust bei dynamischer Bildbetrachtung. Deren Wirkung wird derzeit experimentell überprüft, um Ansatzpunkte für Optimierungen zu ermitteln und damit die Gesamtzuverlässigkeit des Systems zu verbessern. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 30.05.2011 KW - Human factors KW - UT KW - ET KW - ZfP KW - Nukleare Endlagerung PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-251584 UR - http://jt2011.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2011/BB/p42-ku~1.pdf SN - 978-3-940283-33-7 IS - DGZfP-BB 127 (P 42) SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-25158 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Grybäck, T. A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato T1 - Safe for 1 million years – NDT matters! N2 - The General Guidance in the Swedish regulations state that the safety assessment for a final repository for spent nuclear fuel should be 1 million years after closure. SKB developed the KBS-3 method, according to which the spent nuclear fuel is protected by three barriers. It is encapsulated in canisters with a diameter of 1 metre and a length of 5 metres. The canister consists of a cast iron insert surrounded by a 5 centimetre thick shell of copper. The canisters are disposed in the bedrock at a depth of about 500 meters surrounded by bentonite clay. In order to assess the safety over this extremely long period, an extensive quality control programme is applied to the canisters before deposit. In this programme, the use of non-destructive testing (NDT) is vital. The safety assessment of the canister in turn places high demands on the coverage, detectability, and reliability of the applied NDT inspections of the canister parts, i.e. cast iron insert, copper base, tube and lid, and the copper friction stir welds (FSW). This paper presents the extensive full-scale inspection development programme that runs at the Canister Laboratory in Oskarshamn (Sweden). In order to fulfil the high demands, phased array ultrasonic inspection techniques are developed using practical trials aided by ultrasonic modelling. The techniques apply, for example, different frequencies, inspection angles, focus depths, and both longitudinal and shear waves. Increased inspection reliability of the FSW is achieved by applying digital X-ray technique using a 9 MeV linear accelerator and a line detector. To complete the coverage, complementary surface inspections methods, i.e. eddy current array, magnetic flux sensor techniques and magnetic particle inspection, are applied. The canister safety assessment was the driving force to include reliability studies during the NDT development. Initially, the technical reliability was considered, resulting in development of advanced POD models (probability of detection). In combination with human factors studies, these models were implemented as tools in the development of the NDT techniques. Human factors studies were also applied to improve the inspection procedures to be more user-friendly enabling reliable inspections. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - NDT KW - Reliability KW - Spent nuclear fuel PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-375785 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/we4e4.pdf SP - id 19464, 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-37578 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Axel A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Kocher, B. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Determination of tire wear markers in soil samples and their distribution in a roadside soil N2 - Tire wear (TW) constitutes a significant source of microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems. It is known that particles emitted by roads can have an effect up to 100 m into adjacent areas. Here, we apply for the first-time thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) to determine TW in soil samples by detection of thermal decomposition products of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), without additional enrichment. Additionally, zinc contents were determined as an elemental marker for TW. Mixed soil samples were taken along three transects along a German motorway in 0.3, 2.0, and 5.0 m distance from the road. Sampling depths were 0–2, 2–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm. Four fine fractions, 1 000–500, 500–100, 100–50, and <50 μm, were analyzed. TW contents based on SBR ranged from 155 to 15 898 mg kg−1. TW contents based on zinc were between 413 and 44 812 mg kg−1. Comparison of individual values of SBR and zinc reveals SBR as a more specific marker. Results confirm that most TW ends up in the topsoil within a 2 m distance. The sampling strategy resulted in representative data for a larger area. Standard deviations of quadruple TED-GC/MS determination of SBR were <10% for all grain size fractions. TED-GC/MS is a suitable analytical tool for determining TW in soil samples without the use of toxic chemicals, enrichment, or special sample preparation. KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Tire wear PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543344 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133653 VL - 294 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-54334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, M.E.H. A1 - Steier, I. A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Proske, Matthias A1 - Korn, U. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Siegel, David T1 - Cocultivation of phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production N2 - Aims: A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cocultivation of toxigenic Fusarium (F.) and Alternaria (A.) fungi with respect to growth and mycotoxin production. Methods and Results: Fusarium culmorum Fc13, Fusarium graminearum Fg23 and two Alternaria tenuissima isolates (At18 and At220) were simultaneously or consecutively co-incubated on wheat kernels in an in vitro test system. Fungal biomass was quantified by determining ergosterol content. Three Fusarium toxins (DON, NIV and ZON) and three Alternaria toxins (AOH, AME and ALT) were analysed by a newly developed HPLC/MS/MS method. In simultaneous cocultures, the fungal biomass was enhanced up to 460% compared with individual cultures; Alternaria toxins were considerably depressed down to <5%. Combining At18 and At220 with Fg23 inhibited the toxin production of both fungal partners. In contrast, Fc13 increased its DON and ZON production in competitive interaction with both A. strains. Conclusions: The interfungal competitive effects aid the understanding of the processes of competition of both fungi in natural environments and the involvement of mycotoxins as antifungal factors. Significance and Impact of Study: Cocultivation significantly affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production of phytopathogenic Alternaria and Fusarium strains. The impact of mycotoxins on the interfungal competition is highlighted. KW - Alternaria KW - Cocultivation KW - Ergosterol KW - Fusarium KW - Interfungal competition KW - Multimycotoxin analysis PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05388.x SN - 1364-5072 VL - 113 IS - 4 SP - 874 EP - 887 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden, Mass., USA AN - OPUS4-26932 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Westad, Frank A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Repke, J.-U. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online Spectroscopy in Microemulsions – A Process Analytical Approach for a Hydroformylation Mini-plant N2 - Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method. A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant. T2 - 4th European Conference on Process Analytics and Control Technology (EuroPACT 2017) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.05.2017 KW - Microemulsions KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Reaction Monitoring KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Online Raman Spectroscopy PY - 2017 SP - 64 EP - 64 CY - Frankfurt a. M. AN - OPUS4-40228 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Repke, J.-U. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Prozessanalytik für die moderne Verfahrenstechnik – Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie im mizellaren Stoffsystem N2 - Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit. T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 12.09.2016 KW - Hydroformylierung KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie KW - NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Raman-Spektroskopie KW - Mizellen PY - 2016 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201650219/epdf DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650219 SN - 1522-2640 VL - 88 SP - 1304 EP - 1317 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-37316 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -