TY - JOUR A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Deubel, Jan A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Raspe, Tina A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Evaluation of a headspace solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris N2 - The chemical analysis of fire debris represents a crucial part in fire investigations to determine the cause of a fire. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris using a fiber coated with a mixture of three different sorbent materials (Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane, DVB/CAR/PDMS) is described. Gasoline and diesel fuel were spiked upon a preburnt matrix (wood charcoal), extracted and concentrated with HS-SPME and then analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experimental conditions—extraction temperature, incubation and exposure time—were optimized. To assess the applicability of the method, fire debris samples were prepared in the smoke density chamber (SDC) and a controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter. The developed methods were successfully applied to burnt particleboard and carpet samples. The results demonstrate that the procedure that has been developed here is suitable for detecting these ignitable liquids in highly burnt debris. KW - Forensic science KW - Arson analysis KW - Fire debris KW - Ignitable liquids KW - Solid-phase microextraction KW - Smoke density chamber KW - Cone calorimeter PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12342 SN - 0022-1198 SN - 1556-4029 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - 743 EP - 749 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-30038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Deubel, Jan A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Raspe, Tina T1 - Experimental studies on the effect of fire accelerants during living room fires and detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris N2 - Reconstructing the course of a fire and performing chemical analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris is an important tool to conduct fire investigations in suspected arson cases. Here, a total of five fire tests has been performed to investigate the effect of fire accelerants on the fire development of a room fire and to prove the capability of analytical methods. Different experimental scenarios have been realized (no accelerant, accelerant applied at different positions, and different amounts of fire accelerant). Each test room was equipped with an identical set of living room furnishing. The location and amount of the fire accelerant applied löschen varied in four of five tests. One experiment was carried out without fire accelerant. Fire quantities such as mass loss (of the entire room), gas temperatures (at several locations in the room), and heat release were determined during the experiments, and chemical-analytical studies were carried out. A headspace solid phase micro extraction procedure, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, was used to analyze fire debris samples to potentially detect ignitable liquids. Beside the analysis of fire debris samples, swipe soot samples were analyzed and the detectability of the fire accelerant used was demonstrated. Results show that it is possible to provide evidence of ignitable liquids in soot samples collected from walls. This allows an additional sampling strategy at potential crime scenes, besides taking fire debris samples. KW - Fire behavior KW - Room fire test KW - Heat release KW - Temperatures KW - Fire debris KW - Ignitable liquids KW - Solid phase microextraction KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2263 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 636 EP - 646 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-34550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Complex Resisitivity (CR) of Wood and Standing Trees T2 - NDTCE 2009 CY - Nantes, France DA - 2009-06-30 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19649 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Tina ED - Odile Abraham, ED - Dérobert, Xavier T1 - Complex resistivity (CR) of wood and standing trees N2 - Complex resistivity (CR) has been used to investigate the properties and the extent of damage in wood and standing trees. Our laboratory experiments have proved that wood´s anisotropy influences its electrical behaviour. It is a well-established fact that wood exhibits the lowest resistivity amplitudes in the axial direction compared to that in tangential and radial directions. It has been shown that anisotropy affects not only the amplitude but also the phase. Phase values are the highest in the axial direction, particularly in the lower frequency range. The changes in resistivity due to fungi-induced damage were investigated in a long-term laboratory test. With progressing damage, both resistivity and phase decrease. The phase also shows sensitivity to the changes in the structure of wood cell. CR Tomography (CRT) has been employed in the field to detect fungi-infected zones in fallen trees. A number of factors such as the type and age of the tree, and the season seem to influence the CRT results. Among those, the effect of seasonal changes has been demonstrated here. Furthermore CRT can be used to characterise fungi-infected zones in the tree. T2 - NDTCE `09 - 7th international symposium on non destructive testing in civil engineering CY - Nantes, France DA - 2009-06-30 KW - Tree investigation KW - Complex resistivity tomography KW - Wood anisotropy KW - Fungi KW - Oak PY - 2009 SN - 978-2-7208-2542-5 SN - 1628-4704 IS - Paper 77 SP - 963 EP - 968 AN - OPUS4-19707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina ED - Zhang, Houjiang ED - Wang, Xiping T1 - Complex resistivity (CR) of wood and standing trees T2 - 16th International symposium on nondestructive testing and evaluation of wood CY - Beijing, China DA - 2009-10-12 PY - 2009 SP - 10 EP - 15 AN - OPUS4-20313 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Complex Resistivity of wood and standing trees T2 - 16th International Symposium on NDT/NDE of Wood CY - Beijing, China DA - 2009-10-12 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Complex Resistivity on Wood T2 - International Workshop on Induced Polarization in Near-Surface Geophysics CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 2009-09-30 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20295 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - SIP - Tomografie an Bäumen T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 2009-03-23 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20296 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Untersuchungen zur Detektion von Granitgrenzsteinen mit Georadar T2 - 70. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft DGG CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 2010-03-15 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21062 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Komplexe Widerstandstomografie an Bäumen T2 - Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe Magnetotellurik der Freien Universität Berlin, Technischen Universität Berlin, Universität Potsdam und GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam an der Freien Universität Berlin, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-01-31 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12048 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Komplexe Widerstandstomografie an stehenden Bäumen T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) an der Universität Bremen CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 2006-03-06 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12166 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Martin, Tina T1 - Spektral induzierte Polarisation an stehenden Bäumen T2 - 1. Symposium Impedanzspektroskopie, Grundlagen und Anwendungen CY - Essen, Germany DA - 2006-05-16 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14246 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -