TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Modern Visualization Methods for Materials Research in Welding - Plenary Lecture T2 - VISUAL-The International Symposium on Visualization in Joining & Welding Science through Advanced Measurements and Simulation CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 2012-11-28 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-28129 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Dabah, Eitan ED - Marquis, F. T1 - Energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction for in-situ analyses of hydrogen behavior in steels N2 - The extent of hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon is dependent on the interaction of hydrogen with the material i.e. diffusion behavior, lattice distortions, phase transformations and residual stresses developments. For the better understanding of the hydrogen interaction with the metal, possibilities of performing in-situ observations of the mentioned factors has to be accomplished. The EDDI (Energy Dispersive Diffraction) beamline at the BESSY II facility in Berlin provides this possibility and was used in order to investigate the aspects of this phenomenon in in-situ scale. The energy dispersive method entails a synchrotron X-ray white beam with a wide energy range (20–120 keV) which allows a fixed position of the sample and the detector, and combined with the high photons flux it allows a very short measurement time for obtaining a full scale X-Ray Diffraction patterns. In this contribution, the successful usage of high energy X-rays, applied for the first time for hydrogen behavior observations, provided the ability for evaluating in-situ the hydrogen diffusion behavior and the hydrogen interaction with stresses fields in the material. Steel samples were charged with hydrogen and examined by Synchrotron radiation. Two different methods were used in this research; the first is diffusible hydrogen concentration evaluation extracted from the lattice distortions, i.e. changes of the lattice parameter. The second is calculation of the residual stresses present in the sample and the interaction of hydrogen with them, using the known sin2ψ method. T2 - PRICM-8 - 8th Pacific rim international congress on advanced materials and processing CY - Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA DA - 04.08.2013 KW - Hydrogen embrittlement KW - Energy dispersive diffraction KW - Hydrogen diffusion KW - Residual stresses PY - 2013 SP - 3481 EP - 3487 AN - OPUS4-28975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Mente, Tobias A1 - Steppan, E. A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Steger, J. T1 - Hydrogen trapping in T24 Cr-Mo-V steel weld joints - microstructure effect vs. experimental influence on activation energy for diffusion N2 - Hydrogen-assisted cracking is a critical combination of local microstructure, mechanical load and hydrogen concentration. Welded microstructures of low-alloyed creep-resistant Cr-Mo-V steels show different hydrogen trapping kinetics. This influences the adsorbed hydrogen concentration as well as the diffusion by moderate or strong trapping. A common approach to describe hydrogen traps is by their activation energy that is necessary to release hydrogen from the trap. In the present study, Cr-Mo-V steel T24 (7CrMoVTiB10-10) base material and TIG weld metal were investigated. Electrochemically hydrogen charged specimens were analyzed by thermal desorption analysis (TDA) with different linear heating rates. The results show two different effects. At first, the microstructure effect on trapping is evident in terms of higher hydrogen concentrations in the weld metal and increased activation energy for hydrogen release. Secondly, it is necessary to monitor the real specimen temperature. A comparison between the adjusted heating rate and the real specimen temperature shows that the calculated activation energy varies by factor two. Thus, the trap character in case of the base material changes to irreversible at decreased temperature. Hence, the effect of the experimental procedure must be considered as well if evaluating TDA results. Finally, realistic temperature assessment is mandatory for calculation of activation energy via TDA. KW - Creep-resistant steel KW - Hydrogen assisted cracking KW - Thermal desorption analysis KW - Welding KW - Microstructure KW - Diffusion PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0546-6 SN - 0043-2288 SN - 1878-6669 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 287 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-44505 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Nahtkonfiguration und des modifizierten Sprühlichtbogens auf die Bauteilbeanspruchungen in hochfesten Schweißverbindungen N2 - In modernen Stahlkonstruktionen werden immer häufiger hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle erfolgreich eingesetzt. Dies resultiert aus dem aktuellen Bestreben, leichte Komponenten zu fertigen und damit die Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz zu steigern. Die Herausforderungen an die Auslegung und Herstellung geschweißter Bauteile nimmt jedoch mit steigenden Festigkeiten und abnehmenden Dehnungsreserven der eingesetzten Werkstoffe zu. So können hohe Schweißeigenspannungen die Beanspruchbarkeit und Bauteilsicherheit kritisch herabsetzen. Untersuchungen zeigten bereits deutliche Einflüsse von Werkstoff, Wärmeführung sowie Schweißprozessparametern und der um-gebenden Konstruktion der Schweißnaht auf den Beanspruchungszustand geschweißter Bauteile. Der Einsatz moderner modifizierter Sprühlichtbogenprozesse (mod.SLB) gestattet in diesen Zusammenhang neben den bekannten wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen das Schweißen einer deutlich schmaleren Nahtgeometrie. Aufgrund des resultierenden reduzierten Gesamtwärmeeintrages sind deutlich geringere schweißbedingte Beanspruchungen und eine höhere Beanspruchbarkeit hochfester Schweißkonstruktionen erreichbar. Unter Nutzung spezieller Prüfanlagen konnten mehrlagige Schweißexperimente zur Analyse des Einflusses der Nahtgeometrie auf die Eigenspannungsausbildung und Gesamtbeanspruchung hochfester Schweißverbindungen bei bauteilähnlichen Einspannbedingungen durchgeführt werden. Für die reduzierten Nahtvolumina zeigte sich eine signifikante Absenkung des Beanspruchungsniveaus während des Schweißens und nach der Abkühlung. T2 - DVS Congress Große Schweißtechnische Tagung 2017 CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 26.09.2017 KW - Eigenspannungen KW - MAG-Schweißen KW - Hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle KW - Bauteilprüfung PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-96144-008-5 VL - 337 SP - 190 EP - 195 PB - DVS Media AN - OPUS4-46610 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Formation of multi-axial welding stresses due to material behaviour during fabrication of high-strength steel components N2 - Today, an expanding application of high-strength steels in modern welded constructions can be observed. The economical use of these steel grades largely depends on the strength and reliability of the weldments. Therefore, the special microstructure and mechanical properties of these grades have to be taken into account by keener working ranges regarding the welding parameters. However, performance and safety of welded components are strongly affected by the stresses occurring during and after welding fabrication locally in the weld seam and globally in the whole component, especially if the shrinkage and distortion due to welding are restrained. Some extensive studies describe the optimization of the welding stresses and the metallurgical effects regarding an adapted welding heat control. Lower working temperatures revealed to be particularly effective to reduce the local and global welding-induced residual stresses of the complete weld significantly. However, decreased interpass temperatures cause concurrently higher stresses during welding fabrication. This work shows strategies to reduce these in-process stresses. With help of multi-axial welding stress analyses in component-related weld tests, using a special 2-MN-testing facility, differences in stress build-up are described in detail for root welds, filler layers and subsequent cooling to ambient temperature. KW - Residual stresses KW - GMA welding KW - Restraint KW - High-strength steels KW - Process parameters PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0650-2 SN - 0043-2288 SN - 1878-6669 VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 43 EP - 51 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-46604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Key aspects of component welding applying higher-strength fine-grained structural steels N2 - The increased application of higher-strength steels and filler materials necessitates a more profound understanding of the interactions between the welding process, the heat input, the cooling conditions and the resulting metallurgical processes in the weid and its surroundings. Strategies, which help to improve the strength properties and life-time of welded stmctures to such an extent that the utilisation of higher-strength materials can be justified and their lightweight construction potential can thus be exploited to the füll, can only be derived from the interaction between all the influencing factors. Examples of a few investigations on welded joints between higher-strength fine-grained structural steels with regard to the interactions between the main variables influencing the cold cracking are presented in this article. T2 - 7th International Conference on Welding Science and Engineering in conjunction with 3rd International Symposium on Computer-Aided Welding Engineering CY - Jinan, China DA - 18.10.2017 KW - Cold cracking KW - Heat control KW - Higher-strength steels KW - Residual stresses PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-47720 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Online Monitoring of Reaction Forces and Stresses in Welded Components N2 - Today’s light weight design trends lead to a growing application of high-strength structural steels (yield strength ≥ 690 MPa). The mechanical properties of the weld and the component safety have to meet the increased requirements of these steel grades. However, high residual stresses in welded components are detrimental to their safety and integrity. Analyses concerning weld stresses in high-strength steels welded under component related restraint conditions revealed that heat control significantly affects global and local stresses. This occurs especially in highly restrained joints due to superimposing local and global stresses and may cause crack-critical stress-levels. In this study weld tests were performed with plates of high-strength steel in a special test facility. The experimental setup allowed transferring defined restraint conditions to the test welds similarly to real components. Temperature and reaction forces due to restraint were observed online while welding and cooling of multilayer-component MAG-welds. Mobile X-ray diffraction was used for local stress determination in the weld seam areas of the restrained specimens. It was found that interpass temperature has a major influence on the local and global welding forces and stresses. Thus, among the analysed results especially transverse residual stresses of the heat affected zone were strongly affected. T2 - The International Symposium on Visualization in Joining & Welding Science through Advanced Measurements and Simulation CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 26.11.2014 KW - Residual Stress KW - GMA welding KW - High-strength steel PY - 2014 VL - 2014, Volume 1 SP - 115 EP - 116 PB - Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University CY - Osaka AN - OPUS4-47716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dixneit, Jonny A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Boin, M. A1 - Wimpory, Robert A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Gibmeier, J. A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk T1 - Residual stresses of LTT welds in large-scale components N2 - Residual stresses of welds become more and more important influencing cold cracking as well as the fatigue life of welded components. Low transformation temperature (LTT) filler materials offer the opportunity to alter the residual stresses already during the welding process by means of ad- justed martensite phase transformation temperature (MS). In the current paper, welding residual stresses are studied putting the focus on MS while joining heavy steel sections with a thickness of 20 and 25 mm, respectively. The residual stress state was determined at the top surface using X-ray diffraction as well as in the bulk by neutron diffraction. The results com- pare the residual stresses present in a conventional weld and LTT welds when multi-pass welding of large-scale compo- nents was applied. Repeated phase transformation in the case of the LTT weld is more vital for the residual stresses present in the real-life-like joints. This accounts for the top surface in longitudinal direction but is most pronounced for the bulk of the welds. Detrimental tensile residual stresses are mainly re- duced in the bulk in comparison to a conventional filler wire even in multi-pass welds of thick steel sections. T2 - IIW AA 2016 CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 10.07.2016 KW - LTT KW - Welding residual stress KW - Phase transformation KW - Interpass temperature PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0502-5 SN - 0043-2288 SN - 1878-6669 VL - 61 IS - 6 SP - 1089 EP - 1097 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-41169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eissel, A. A1 - Engelking, Lorenz A1 - Treutler, K. A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Wesling, V. A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Herstellung beanspruchungsgerechter Oberflächen durch Kombination innovativer additiver und abtragender Fertigungsschritte an hochbelasteten Komponenten N2 - In vielen Anwendungen werden aufgrund zunehmender Anforderungen an den Widerstand gegenüber hohen, kombinierten mechanischen, tribologischen, thermischen und korrosiven Beanspruchungen Hochleistungslegierungen eingesetzt. Den vielfach komplexen Bauteilstrukturen, herausfordernden Fertigungseigenschaften und der Erhöhung der Ressourceneffizienz lässt sich heute mit der additiven Fertigung (AM) begegnen, dem oftmals noch unzureichende Kenntnisse über die resultierende Homogenität und Anisotropie der speziellen Gefüge und den damit verbundenen Eigenschaften entgegensteht. Viele Anwendungen benötigen zudem definierte Oberflächen mit hohen Anforderungen an die Oberflächenintegrität, dem durch komplementären Einsatz von additiven und abtragenden Fertigungsschritten Rechnung getragen wird. Hochleistungslegierungen auf der Basis von Nickel oder Kobalt sind infolge der niedrigen Wärmeleitfähigkeit verbunden mit hoher Festigkeit und Zähigkeit äußerst herausfordernd mit Blick auf eine wirtschaftliche Zerspanung mit geometrisch bestimmter Schneide. Ein Vorhaben (IGF-Nr. 20.979 N/DVS-Nr. 1.3211) der BAM und TU Clausthal/ISAF befasst sich mit der Lösung dieser Problemstellung durch gezielte Beeinflussung des Gefüges mittels Modifikation der Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe und den Einsatz des ultraschallunterstützten Fräsens (US), bei gleichzeitiger Sicherstellung der geforderten Eigenschaften der untersuchten Werkstoffe. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden für die beiden untersuchten FeNi- und CoCr-Legierungen wesentliche Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Legierungsmodifikationen, der entstehenden Gefügemorphologie und den Zerspanungseigenschaften von mittels PTA additiv gefertigter Proben dargestellt. Hierbei ließen sich Ti, Zr und Hf pulvermetallurgisch zu den jeweiligen Ausgangsschweißzusätzen hinzulegieren. T2 - #additivefertigung: Metall in bestForm CY - Essen, Germany DA - 26.10.2022 KW - Legierungsmodifikation KW - Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen KW - Additive Fertigung PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-96144-202-7 VL - 383 SP - 93 EP - 99 PB - DVS-Media GmbH AN - OPUS4-56615 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Gibmeier, J. A1 - Genzel, C. A1 - Van der Mee, V. T1 - Determination of residual stresses in low transformation temperature (LTT -) welds metals using X-rayand high energy synchrotron radiation N2 - Crack and fatigue resistance are relevant evaluation criteria for welded joints and are decreased by tensile residual stresses resulting from the welding and cooling process, while compressive residual stresses can have a positive influence on the characteristics mentioned. In order to generate compressive residual stresses, a set of post weld treatment procedures is available, like shot peening, hammering, etc. These procedures have the disadvantage that they are time and cost extensive and have to be applied after welding. As another point, such technologies can only produce compressive stresses at the top surface, i.e. can only contribute to the reduction of the risk of cracks initiated at the surface, like fatigue cracks. A chance to generate compressive stresses over the complete weld joint during the welding procedure is offered by the so-called Low Transformation Temperature (LTT -) filler wires. Compared to conventional wires, these materials show lower phase transformation temperatures, which can work against coolingrelated tensile stresses, resulting from respective shrinkage restraint. In consequence, distinct compressive residual stresses can be observed within the weld and adjacent areas. The strength of these fillers makes them potentially applicable to high-strength steel welding. Welds produced with different LTT – filler wires have shown different levels and distributions of the resulting residual stresses depending on the specific transformation temperature. The transformation temperatures are determined by temperature measurement. Classical X-ray diffraction as well as diffraction methods using high energy synchrotron radiation have been used for residual stress analysis. By means of high energy synchrotron diffraction in reflection mode residual stress depth gradients can be determined nondestructively. The phase selective nature of the diffraction measurements enables the simultaneous determination of the phase specific residual stresses of all contributing crystalline phases within one experiment. The application of white beam diffraction implies recording of a multitude of diffraction lines within the energy range of the provided energy spectrum of the white beam. By this means phase specific residual stress depth distributions up to distances of 150 ìm below the surface can be analysed for steel using the energy dispersive set-up of the HMI-beamline EDDI at the Bessy site, Berlin, providing an energy range between 20-150 keV. As a side effect quantitative phase analysis can be carried out using white energy dispersive diffraction e.g. the determination of the content of retained austenite in the weld. KW - Filler materials KW - Low temperature KW - Reference lists KW - Residual stresses KW - Temperature KW - Transformation KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - Phase specific residual stresses KW - Energy dispersive diffraction PY - 2009 SN - 0043-2288 SN - 1878-6669 VL - 53 IS - 1/2 SP - 3 EP - 16 PB - Springer CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-19214 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Characterising Phase Transformations of Different LTT Alloys and their Effect on Residual Stresses and Cold Cracking N2 - Novel martensitic filler materials with specially adjusted martensite start temperatures (Ms) can counteract the cooling specific shrinkage due to expansion effects of the weld metal associated with phase transformations. That can be exploited to create compressive residual stresses in the weld and adjacent areas, i.e. beneficial for increasing fatigue strength. The Ms temperature is shifted via the chemical composition, mainly by the alloying elements nickel and chromium, resulting as well in different retained austenite contents. Investigations were made using different Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) alloys with varying nickel content. The resulting phase transformation temperatures were - for the first time - detected using high energy synchrotron diffraction and Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS-DTA). Compared to angle dispersive diffraction, energy dispersive diffraction offers the possibility to measure residual stresses of the martensite and austenite phase parallel fast in one experiment up to depths of 100 µm. The residual stresses show significant distributions dependent on Ms temperature. The effect on the cold cracking behaviour of these alloys was investigated using the Tekken test. Results show that cold cracking can be avoided when appropriate contents of retained austenite are existent. PY - 2009 IS - IX-2311-09 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - International Institute of Welding CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-19749 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lorenz, Stephan A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Strain field measurement on laser-GMA-hybrid welded joints T2 - JOM 15 - 15th International Conference on the Joining of Materials / 6th International Conference on Education in Welding ICEW-6 CY - Helsingor, Denmark DA - 2009-05-03 KW - Laser-GMA-hybrid welding KW - Metal cored wire electrode KW - Strain field measurement KW - Transverse tensile test KW - AISI 304L PY - 2009 SN - 87-89582-17-9 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) AN - OPUS4-19432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - In-situ Synchrotronuntersuchungen zur Phasenkinetik und Eigenspannungen beim Schweißen neuartiger martensitischer Low Transformation Temperature Zusatzwerkstoffe T2 - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wärembehandlung und Werkstofftechnik e.V., AWT Fachausschuss 13 Eigenspannungen CY - Oppurg, Germany DA - 2009-05-05 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19387 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - In-situ Studies of Phase Transformation and Residual Stress Build up in Martensitic Materials using Synchrotron Radiation T2 - IURS (Inter-University Research Symposium), Advances in Welding and Joining CY - Canmore, Canada DA - 2009-05-21 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19511 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Effects of Heat Control on the Stress Build Up during High-Strength Steel Welding under Defined Restraint Conditions T2 - IIW Annual Assembly CY - Singapore DA - 2009-07-12 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19733 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lorenz, Stephan A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Laserstrahl-MSG-Hybridschweißen mit hochlegierten Massiv- und Fülldrahtelektroden T2 - Die Verbindungsspezialisten 2009 - Große Schweißtechnische Tagung CY - Essen, Germany DA - 2009-09-14 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20010 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Gibmeier, J. T1 - In-situ observation of phase transformations during welding of low transformation temperature filler material KW - LTT filler material KW - In-situ observation KW - Energy dispersive diffraction KW - Transformation temperature KW - Residual stress PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.3769 SN - 0255-5476 VL - 638-642 SP - 3769 EP - 3774 PB - Trans Tech Publications CY - Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-20725 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brauser, Stephan A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Hydrogen absorption of different welded duplex steels N2 - In this study, hydrogen absorption and storage was investigated for various high-alloyed ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steels. On account of the specific transformation and solidification behaviour, respectively, of duplex stainless steels as compared to single-phase ferritic and austenitic steels, special conditions have to be considered concerning hydrogen absorption which may ultimately lead to microstructure-dependent hydrogen-assisted weld metal cracking. Hydrogen absorption during welding may occur via the shielding gas, moisture from the surroundings or via the welding filler material. As a contribution to the interpretation and prediction of hydrogen-induced cracking in welded duplex stainless steels, the actual hydrogen absorption via the arc as well as the weld metal hydrogen diffusion was investigated in a duplex stainless steel DSS (1.4462) and in a lean-duplex stainless steel LDS (1.4162). Isothermal heat treatment using carrier gas hot extraction enabled quantification of the amounts of hydrogen trapped in the respective microstructures. The total hydrogen concentrations were found to be nearly identical. Trapped hydrogen was however observed to be dependent on the material and on the microstructure condition. The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the weld metal was characterized with the help of tensile tests. In addition, hydrogen embrittlement was detected in scanning electron microscopic analyses. KW - Duplex stainless steel KW - Lean-duplex stainless steel KW - Hydrogen absorption KW - Hydrogen trapping KW - Hydrogen embrittlement PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.148 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 4368 EP - 4374 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-21172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Brauser, Stephan A1 - Kromm, Arne T1 - Synchrotron diffraction for in-situ characterizations of materials behaviour T2 - 3rd Inter-university research seminar (IURS 2010) - Advances in welding and joining CY - Pusan, Korea DA - 2010-05-13 KW - In-situ diffraction KW - Phase transformation KW - High strength steel KW - Residual stress PY - 2010 SP - 127 EP - 131 CY - Pusan, Korea AN - OPUS4-21352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Wäremführung auf die Spannungsausbildung beim Schweißen hochfester Stähle unter definierten Einspannbedingungen T2 - FOSTA - Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V., ZMB - Zentrum Metallische Bauweisen CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 2010-04-29 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21501 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Synchrotron Diffraction for In-situ Characterizations of Materials Behaviour T2 - 3 rd IURS (Inter-University Research symposium) Advances in Welding and Joining CY - Busan, South Korea DA - 2010-05-14 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21331 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - In situ phase characterization of low transformation temperature (LTT) alloy by means of synchrotron diffraction N2 - Cold cracking resistance is a relevant evaluation criterion for welded joints and affected by residual stresses which result from the welding procedure. Compressive residual stresses can thereby have a positive influence on preventing cracking. A unique possibility of generating compressive residual stresses already during the welding procedure is offered by the socalled Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) filler wires. Compared to conventional wires, these materials show decreased phase transformation temperatures which can work against the cooling-specific contraction. In consequence, distinct compressive residual stresses can be observed within the weld and adjacent areas. The strength of these fillers makes them potentially applicable to high-strength steel welding. Investigations were carried out to determine the phase transformation behaviour of different LTT-filler materials. Transformation temperatures were identified using Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS-DTA). Additionally Synchrotron radiation was used to measure the transformation kinetics of all involved crystalline phases during heating and cooling of a simulated weld thermal cycle. KW - In-situ phase analysis KW - Energy dispersive diffraction KW - Phase transformation PY - 2010 SN - 1684-579X VL - 5 IS - 158 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - Izdat. Masinostroenie CY - Moskva, Russia AN - OPUS4-21829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - The use of synchrotron radiation for materials research in welding T2 - 2nd WMRIF (World Materials Research Institutes Forum) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2010-09-02 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21917 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Stephan A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Herold, H. A1 - Posch, G. T1 - Suitability of high alloyed wire electrodes for the positional laser-GMA-hybrid welding N2 - Laser-gas metal arc (GMA)-hybrid welding enables a high deposition rate and a stable welding process. Process stability was found to be profoundly dependent on the type of the applied filler wire (solid or tubular cored). Whereas solid wires are deposited in pulsed arc mode, tubular cored wire electrodes are weldable by a stable spray-arc process within a wide operating range. This fact applies above all to a high alloyed metal cored wire electrode, of which the achievable deposition rates exceed the upper limits recommended by the manufacturer. A further interesting aspect is the application of a rutile tubular cored wire for positional laser-GMA-hybrid welding. A modern 20 kW-fibre laser source was available for the experiments. This study is concerned with the weldability of high alloyed tubular cored electrodes for high power laser-GMA-hybrid welding. Results obtained from comparative investigations between tubular cored and solid wire electrodes relating to process stability are summarised. KW - Austenitic stainless steel KW - Flux cored wire electrodes KW - Solid wire electrodes KW - Laser hybrid welding KW - Stainless steel KW - Laser welding KW - Welding speed KW - Welding position KW - Fibre laser KW - Process stability KW - Vertical position down KW - Charpy V-notch impact test KW - GMA welding KW - Gas metal arc welding KW - Weldability PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2010.035943 SN - 1741-8410 SN - 1741-8429 VL - 5 IS - 2/3 SP - 245 EP - 260 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd CY - Genève, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-22270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -