TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Rühe, Sven A1 - Mook, Gerhard T1 - Signal processing for non-destructive testing of railway tracks N2 - Increased speed, heavier loads, altered material and modern drive system concepts result in an increasing number of flaws in railways. Caused by the rapid change in damage mechanism by modern rolling stock the appearance of the flaws also alters. Hence, interpretation of non-destructive rail testing results may become difficult. Caused by the changed interplay between detection method and flaw the recorded signals will result in an unknown type for the rail flaws type classification. Methods for automatic rail inspection according to defect detection and classification have been developed continuously. Signal processing is a key technology to master the challenge of classification and maintain resolution and detection quality independently of operation speed. The basic ideas of signal processing based on the Glassy-Rail-Diagram for classification purposes will be presented. Examples for the detection of damages caused by rolling contact fatigue are given. Synergetic effects of combined evaluation of diverse inspection methods are shown. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, UT, USA DA - 17.07.2017 KW - Rail testing KW - Signal processing KW - Ultrasound PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Wack, Yannick A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Simulation of an instrumented ultrasonic test run with a rail inspection train N2 - Rail inspection performed by ultrasonic rail inspection trains is a complex and challenging process. A large number of variables and parameters given by the environment, the track and the testing-system have an influence on the overall performance of the inspection and the inspection result. Typically the parameter vary in a combination depending on the track condition. To evaluate the individual influence of each relevant variable, simulation tools can be used. Therefore the entire inspection process has to be transferred into a model using combined modelling techniques. The goal of this work is to model an instrumented ultrasonic test run with a rail inspection train with the parameters varied by a script over a virtually driven distance. T2 - 46th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation- QNDE 2019 CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 14.07.2019 KW - Simulation KW - Ultrasound KW - Rail inspection KW - Modelling PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Simulation of sparse matrix array designs N2 - Matrix phased array probes become more and more prominent to be used in industrial applications. The main drawbacks, using probes incorporating a very large number of transducer elements, are the needs for an appropriate cabling and an ultrasonic device offering many parallel channels. Matrix arrays designed for extended functionality feature at least 64 or more elements. Typical arrangements are square matrices, e.g. 10 by 10 or 11 by 11 or rectangular matrices, e.g. 8 by 16 or 10 by 12 to fit a 128-channel phased array system. In some phased array systems, the number of simultaneous active elements is limited to a certain number, e.g. 32 or 64. Those setups do not allow to run the probe with all elements active which may cause a significant change in the directivity pattern of the resulting sound beam. When only a subset of elements is possible to use during a single acquisition, different strategies may be applied to collect enough data for rebuilding the missing information from the echo signal. Omission of certain elements may be one approach, overlay of subsequent shots with different active areas may be another one. This paper presents the influence of decreased number of active elements on the sound field and their distribution on the array. An example for 16 active elements out of 121 is given in Figure 1. The sound field divergence and its shape basically remain the same, while the sensitivity is reduced and the amplitudes of the speckle-like side lobes increase significantly. Solutions using subsets with different element activity patterns on matrix arrays and their advantages and disadvantages concerning the sound field are evaluated using semi-analytic simulation tools. Sound field criteria regarding the consequences for NDT test results and the system setup are discussed. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, UT, USA DA - 17.07.2017 KW - Ultrasound KW - Sparse array KW - Simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41149 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Simulation of Wave Propagation and Soundfield Pattern for Ultrasonic NDT Methods T2 - Inotesting Wildau CY - Wildau DA - 2015-02-19 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32713 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Gravenkamp, Hauke T1 - Simulation of Wave Propagation and Soundfield Pattern of Ultrasonic NDT Methods T2 - Innotesting CY - Wildau DA - 2015-02-20 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34020 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Wack, Yannick A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Simulation von mechanisierten Eisenbahnschienenprüfungen mit Ultraschall N2 - Bei der mechanisierten Prüfung von verlegten Eisenbahnschienen mit Schienenprüfzügen werden große Prüfdatenmengen mit einer komplexen Prüfkopfanordnung in kurzer Zeit bei hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten aufgenommen. Der Typ und der Zustand des Gleises kann während der Prüfung in schnellem Wechsel streckenabhängig variieren, z.B. unterschiedliche Schienentypen oder Abnutzung sowie beim Durchfahren von Weichenstraßen. Der logistische Aufwand diese Prüfung insgesamt durchzuführen ist dabei sehr hoch und eine Wiederholung der Prüfung in einem kurzen Zeitintervall nicht möglich. Es werden während der Prüfdatenaufnahme bereits Datenreduktionsverfahren, Rekonstruktionsverfahren und Online-Parametervariationen eingesetzt, um die Ergebnisdaten zum einen in Ihrer Menge zu begrenzen zum anderen auf die lokalen Geometrie- und Zustandsänderungen des Prüfobjektes Schiene zu reagieren. Im Regelwerk EN 16729-1 „Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung an Schienen im Gleis -Teil 1: Anforderungen an Ultraschallprüfungen und Bewertungsgrundlagen“ werden Bezugsreflektoren definiert, um die Leistung automatisierter Ultraschallsysteme für die Schienenprüfung zu verifizieren. Um die Einflüsse der komplexen Randbedingungen der mechanisierten Schienenprüfung auf das Prüfergebnis evaluieren zu können, wurde ein Softwarewerkzeug erarbeitet, mit dem eine Prüffahrt auf einer Schiene simuliert werden kann. Basierend auf der Datenaufnahme mit dem Glassy-Rail-Diagramm können alle relevanten Prüfparameter und Artefakte in Schienen sowie Störeinflüsse bei der Simulation berücksichtigt werden. T2 - DGZfP DACH Tagung 2019 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Eisenbahnschienen KW - Simulation KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Ultraschall PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49682 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer T1 - TFM und FMC für die bildgebende Ultraschallprüfung mit Arrays N2 - Im Rahmen des Vortrages wird das Verfahren zur Total Focussing Methode (TFM) auf Basis des Full Matrix Captures (FMC) für Ultraschallarrayprüfköpfe erläutert und die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung für die Prüfung von Gussteilen diskutiert. Der Stand der Normung im Bereich Guss wird diskutiert. T2 - Sitzung des Fachausschusses Eisenguss des BDG CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.09.2019 KW - Standardisierung KW - Array KW - Ultraschall KW - TFM KW - MFC KW - Guss PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49688 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Thema Validated Inspection Techniques for Composites in Energy Applications - Inspection technique Ultrasound T2 - VITCEA Workshop CY - Berlin DA - 2015-02-17 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34019 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Ultrasonic Rail inspection with array Probes N2 - For more than 60 years ultrasonic rail inspection is used as non-destructive testing method to ensure the safe operation of rail tracks. Constantly increasing traffic density and heavy loads have been the motor for the development of new test equipment from handheld devices to rail inspection trains. (Krull 2003)Up to the present most of the system solutions feature conventional ultrasonic transducers housed in wheel-type and slide-type probes. Different tasks have to be carried out during an in-service inspection for flaws in the rail head, rail web and rail foot as well as rolling contact fatigue (Heckel 2018). The more tasks the inspection system has to perform, the more probes are needed. Compared against standard ultrasonic testing methods the application of array probes offers advantages and flexibility by the electronic steering possibilities to control the transmitted and received sound fields. This allows to increase functionality by software while decreasing the number of probes needed in hardware in parallel. One drawback in application of phased array probes is that the repetition frequency of the subsequent measurements will be reduced by the number of virtual probe functions each phased array probe has to perform. This may limit the range of use for phased array probes in high speed applications. To overcome these limits special designs for array probes and signal processing are necessary. T2 - Railway Engineering 2019 CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 03.07.2019 KW - High speed KW - Ultrasound KW - Rail inspection KW - Phased array probes PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Brekow, Gerhard A1 - Mrasek, Heinz T1 - Ultrasonic testing with matrix arrays, applications in non-destructiv testing T2 - 9th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -