TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - New standard propopsal for determination of steel cleanliness using high frequency ultrasonic testing N2 - Due to the market needs on steel for high demanding applications non-destructive methods for the determination of steel cleanliness using ultrasound have to be adapted to increase sensitivity respectively. The basic idea is that the new standard proposal should follow the basic line outs from SEP 1927 and ASTM E588. Additional to these relatives the standard should be open to different types of specimen and inspection frequencies to cover a wide range from bars, rings and plates as well as different inspection sensitivities. For an enhance in resolution the standard draft focuses on immersion focal beam probes which should be selected according to the geometry of the specimen. The selection should be proved with the aid of simulation tools. The frequency shall be at least 10 MHz. For specimen thicknesses of less than 6 mm a frequency of at least 25 MHz shall be used. Calibration procedures had to be improved significantly compared to the old standards to allow proper sizing of indications. Therefore calibration procedures shall take signal processing into account. For detailed evaluation of the amplitude dependency and for calibration a reference block with a sufficient number of reflectors has to be used. The recorded echo height shall be directly transferred into an equivalent disc shaped reflector EDSR by a distance amplitude curve. The novelty in this standard draft will be that based on 3D measurements and 3D evaluation the amplitude criterion of an indication becomes just one among some other criteria. This standard takes the signal amplitude, signal amplitude distribution and signal travel time for classification into account. The standard draft will be open to the definition of the volume to be investigated to be set by the user. This will make evaluation more comparable to other methods because the inspected area has to be user defined. We recommend CEN/TC 138 to decide on a work item for this proposal to become an EU and an ISO standard using Vienna agreement. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) research programme under grant agreement n° RFSR-CT-2013-00014. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, UT, USA DA - 17.07.2017 KW - Standardisation KW - Ultrasound KW - Steel cleanliness PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Simulation of sparse matrix array designs N2 - Matrix phased array probes become more and more prominent to be used in industrial applications. The main drawbacks, using probes incorporating a very large number of transducer elements, are the needs for an appropriate cabling and an ultrasonic device offering many parallel channels. Matrix arrays designed for extended functionality feature at least 64 or more elements. Typical arrangements are square matrices, e.g. 10 by 10 or 11 by 11 or rectangular matrices, e.g. 8 by 16 or 10 by 12 to fit a 128-channel phased array system. In some phased array systems, the number of simultaneous active elements is limited to a certain number, e.g. 32 or 64. Those setups do not allow to run the probe with all elements active which may cause a significant change in the directivity pattern of the resulting sound beam. When only a subset of elements is possible to use during a single acquisition, different strategies may be applied to collect enough data for rebuilding the missing information from the echo signal. Omission of certain elements may be one approach, overlay of subsequent shots with different active areas may be another one. This paper presents the influence of decreased number of active elements on the sound field and their distribution on the array. An example for 16 active elements out of 121 is given in Figure 1. The sound field divergence and its shape basically remain the same, while the sensitivity is reduced and the amplitudes of the speckle-like side lobes increase significantly. Solutions using subsets with different element activity patterns on matrix arrays and their advantages and disadvantages concerning the sound field are evaluated using semi-analytic simulation tools. Sound field criteria regarding the consequences for NDT test results and the system setup are discussed. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, UT, USA DA - 17.07.2017 KW - Ultrasound KW - Sparse array KW - Simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41149 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Signal processing for non-destructive testing of railway tracks N2 - Increased speed, heavier loads, altered material and modern drive system concepts result in an increasing number of flaws in railways. Caused by the rapid change in damage mechanism by modern rolling stock the appearance of the flaws also alters. Hence, interpretation of non-destructive rail testing results may become difficult. Caused by the changed interplay between detection method and flaw the recorded signals will result in an unknown type for the rail flaws type classification. Methods for automatic rail inspection according to defect detection and classification have been developed continuously. Signal processing is a key technology to master the challenge of classification and maintain resolution and detection quality independently of operation speed. The basic ideas of signal processing based on the Glassy-Rail-Diagram for classification purposes will be presented. Examples for the detection of damages caused by rolling contact fatigue are given. Synergetic effects of combined evaluation of diverse inspection methods are shown. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, UT, USA DA - 17.07.2017 KW - Rail testing KW - Signal processing KW - Ultrasound PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Non-Destructive ultrasonic investigations on FRP structures N2 - Components made of fibre-reinforced plastic are a prominently used material in modern safety-relevant structures. Periodic in-service non-destructive inspection of these structures is necesary. The EMRP-funded project VITCEA aims on the evaluation of the performance of various non-destructive testing methods on the inspection of fibre-reinforced plastics. The physical layout of fibre layers leads to complex structures of fibre-reinforced plastic parts. Furthermore different material properties of the fibre and the resin cause anisotropic behaviour of the material.This poses a challenge for ultrasonic NDT by causing a complex acoustical response. The acoustical behaviour of fibre-reinforced plate materials has been simulated. Specimens with artificial flaws for the evaluation of the detection thresholds have been designed and manufactured. Mechanized ultrasonic testing methods using phased-array sensors, air-coupled transducers, immersion tank testing and contact technique have been evaluated on the specimen. In this talk results of different ultrasonic testing methods will be compared and discussed. T2 - VITCEA Steakholder Workshop CY - NPL, London, UK DA - 7.6.2017 KW - FRP KW - Fiber reinforced platic KW - Ultrasound KW - Matrix array KW - ACUT KW - Air coupled KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Schnelle Ultraschallprüfung von längsgebohrten Eisenbahnradsatzwellen mit Phased Array Rotationsscanner N2 - Im Rahmen des Europäischen Projektes RAAI* wird speziell für längsgebohrte Eisenbahnradsatzwellen von Hochgeschwindigkeitszügen eine Phased Array Technik angepasst, mit dem Ziel einer nahezu 100%igen Rissprüfung (Tiefe 2-3 mm) ohne die Demontage der Wellen und einer Prüfzeitreduzierung von 75%. Die Technik arbeitet mit einem Phased Array, bei dem die Schwingerelemente auf einem Kegelstumpf angeordnet sind. Für die Abtastung in Umfangsrichtung erlaubt das Phased Array die schnelle Rotation und zusätzlich das Fokussieren und Schwenken des Schallbündels. In Richtung der Achse wird das Prüfkopfsystem mechanisch bewegt. In vorangegangenen Projekten ist das Prinzip dieser Prüftechnik entwickelt und die Tauglichkeit gezeigt worden. Die jetzigen Arbeiten haben insbesondere die Optimierung der Sensortechnik an die o.g. Aufgabe zum Ziel. Wegen der ungewöhnlichen Geometrie des Arrays sind umfangreiche Simulationsrechnungen nötig, um die Auswirkung von zahlreichen Parametern auf die Schallfeldform und letztlich auf die Empfindlichkeit und die Ortsauflösung zu untersuchen und die Konstruktionsdaten zu bestimmen. Zur Validierung der Prüftechnik werden Tests an typischen Eisenbahnradsatz-wellen durchgeführt. Der Einsatz von unterstützenden Signalverarbeitungsalgorith-men bei der Auswertung der Prüfergebnisse zur sichereren Fehlererkennung ist u.a. wegen des möglichen geringen Messpunktabstandes für diese Prüftechnik besonders vielversprechend. Der Stand der Entwicklung wird gezeigt. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 22.05.2017 KW - Phased array KW - Radsatzwellen KW - Ultraschall KW - Kegelarray KW - Eisenbahnradsatz KW - Innenprüfung KW - ZfP KW - Bahn KW - Kegel KW - Innenbohrung KW - Prüfung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41154 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Outcome of the Cologne Accident Investigation T2 - WOLAXIM-Project Kickoff-Meeting CY - Cambridge, England DA - 2010-11-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22816 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - High Speed Non-Destructive Rail Testing with Advanced Ultrasound and Eddy-Current Testing Techniques T2 - 5th International Workshop Non-Destructive Testing in Progress CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-10-12 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20156 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Verbesserung der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung vor Ort durch den Einsatz bildgebender Verfahren T2 - Wissenschaft trifft Handwerk CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2010-09-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-23497 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Verbesserung der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung vor Ort durch den Einsatz bildgebender Verfahren T2 - Wissenschaft trifft Handwerk CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2011-03-15 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23498 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Neue Prüftechnik für den Schienenprüfzug, Erfahrungen, Fehlerbilder, Auswerttechniken T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Münster, Germany DA - 2009-05-18 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19527 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -