TY - JOUR A1 - Arroyo-Abad, Uriel A1 - Pfeifer, M. A1 - Mothes, S. A1 - Stärk, H.-J. A1 - Mattusch, J. A1 - Reemtsma, T. A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Determination of moderately polar arsenolipids and mercury speciation in freshwater fish of the River Elbe (Saxony, Germany) N2 - Arsenic and mercury are frequent contaminants in the environment and care must be taken to limit their entrance into the food chain. The toxicity of both elements strongly depends upon their speciation. Total amounts of As and Hg as well as their species were analyzed in muscle and liver of 26 fishes of seven freshwater fish species caught in the River Elbe. The median concentrations of As were 162 mg kg-1 w.w. in liver and 92 mg kg-1 w.w. in muscle. The median concentrations of total Hg were 241 mg kg-1 w.w. in liver and 256 mg kg-1 w.w. in muscle. While this level of Hg contamination of the freshwater fish in the River Elbe is significantly lower than 20 years ago, it exceeds the recommended environmental Quality standard of 20 mg Hg kg-1 w.w. by a factor of 5e50. However, the European maximum level of 500 mg Hg kg-1 for fish for human consumption is rarely exceeded. Arsenic-containing fatty acids and hydrocarbons were determined and partially identified in methanolic extracts of the fish by HPLC coupled in parallel to ICP-MS (element specific detection) and ESI-Q-TOF-MS (molecular structure detection). While arsenobetaine was the dominant As species in the fish, six arsenolipids were detected and identified in the extracts of liver tissue in common bream (Abramis brama), die (Leuciscus idus), asp (Aspius aspius) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Four arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFA) and two arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC) are reported in freshwater fish for the first time. With respect to mercury the more toxic MeHgþ was the Major species in muscle tissue (>90% of total Hg) while in liver Hg2þ and MeHgþ were of equal importance. The results Show the high relevance of element speciation in addition to the determination of total element concentrations to correctly assess the burden of these two elements in fish. KW - Element species KW - Freshwater fish KW - Metal contamination KW - Arsenolipids PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.015 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 208 SP - Part B, 458 EP - 466 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-35399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arroyo-Abad, Uriel A1 - Hu, Z. A1 - Findeisen, M. A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Mattusch, J. A1 - Reemtsma, T. A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Synthesis of two new arsenolipids and their identification in fish N2 - Arsenolipids (AsL) of the type arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFA) and hydrocarbons (AsHC) are natural organoarsenic compounds present in high abundance in seafood. Since little is known about their toxicity, there is a significant concern about their health risk. Here we report the synthesis of two new AsL and their identification in fish by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled simultaneously to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and to high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). The molecular structure was elucidated on the basis of their exact mass and their product ion mass spectra. One of the synthesized AsL has been already identified in fish samples, meanwhile, the other arsenolipid is reported here as a natural product in fish. KW - Arsenolipids KW - ESI-MS/MS KW - HPLC-ICP-MS/HR-MS KW - Synthesis PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201400502 SN - 1438-9312 VL - 118 IS - 3 SP - 445 EP - 452 PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-35400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -