TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmed, A. A. A. A1 - Alegret, N. A1 - Almeida, B. A1 - Alvarez-Puebla, R. A1 - Andrews, A. M. A1 - Ballerini, L. A1 - Barrios-Capuchino, J. J. A1 - Becker, C. A1 - Blick, R. H. A1 - Bonakdar, S. A1 - Chakraborty, I. A1 - Chen, X. A1 - Cheon, J. A1 - Chilla, G. A1 - Conceicao, A. L. C. A1 - Delehanty, J. A1 - Dulle, M. A1 - Efros, A. L. A1 - Epple, M. A1 - Fedyk, M. A1 - Feliu, N. A1 - Feng, M. A1 - Fernandez-Chacon, R. A1 - Fernandez-Cuesta, I. A1 - Fertig, N. A1 - Förster, S. A1 - Garrido, J. A. A1 - George, M. A1 - Guse, A. H. A1 - Hampp, N. A1 - Harberts, J. A1 - Han, J. A1 - Heekeren, H. R. A1 - Hofmann, U. G. A1 - Holzapfel, M. A1 - Hosseinkazemi, H. A1 - Huang, Y. A1 - Huber, P. A1 - Hyeon, T. A1 - Ingebrandt, S. A1 - Ienca, M. A1 - Iske, A. A1 - Kang, Y. A1 - Kasieczka, G. A1 - Kim, D.-H. A1 - Kostarelos, K. A1 - Lee, J.-H. A1 - Lin, K.-W. A1 - Liu, S. A1 - Liu, X. A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Lohr, C. A1 - Mailänder, V. A1 - Maffongelli, L. A1 - Megahed, S. A1 - Mews, A. A1 - Mutas, M. A1 - Nack, L. A1 - Nakatsuka, N. A1 - Oertner, T. G. A1 - Offenhäusser, A. A1 - Oheim, M. A1 - Otange, B. A1 - Otto, F. A1 - Patrono, E. A1 - Peng, B. A1 - Picchiotti, A. A1 - Pierini, F. A1 - Pötter-Nerger, M. A1 - Pozzi, M. A1 - Pralle, A. A1 - Prato, M. A1 - Qi, B. A1 - Ramos-Cabrer, P. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Ritter, N. A1 - Rittner, M. A1 - Roy, S. A1 - Santoro, F. A1 - Schuck, N. W. A1 - Schulz, F. A1 - Seker, E. A1 - Skiba, M. A1 - Sosniok, M. A1 - Stephan, H. A1 - Wang, R. A1 - Wang, T. A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Weiss, P. S. A1 - Xu, M. A1 - Yang, C. A1 - Zargarin, S. S. A1 - Zeng, Y. A1 - Zhou, Y. A1 - Zhu, D. A1 - Zierold, R. A1 - Parak, W. J. T1 - Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute N2 - Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain−machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology. Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain during the mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring and remote control have arisen during the electronic age, ultimately leading to plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, our brains are so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, is that most of our technology is mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas the brain is a living, dynamic entity. As a result, these worlds are difficult to interface with one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects and integrated circuits, excels at small length scales of single to a few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches the sizes of biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, and parts of cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials and nanotools as opportunities to interface with the brain in alternative ways. Here, we review the existing literature on the use of nanotechnology in brain−machine interfaces and look forward in discussing perspectives and limitations based on the authors’ expertise across a range of complementary disciplines from neuroscience, engineering, physics, and chemistry to biology and medicine, computer science and mathematics, and social science and jurisprudence. We focus on nanotechnology but also include information from related fields when useful and complementary. KW - Nanoneuro interface KW - Brain-on-a-chip KW - Nanostructured interface KW - Electrode arrays KW - Neuro-implants KW - Advanced nanomaterials KW - Quality assurance PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634893 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c10525 SN - 1936-086X VL - 19 IS - 11 SP - 10630 EP - 10717 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-63489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Z. C. A1 - Haist, M. A1 - Ivanov, D. A1 - Jakob, C. A1 - Jansen, D. A1 - Schmid, M. A1 - Kißling, P. A. A1 - Leinitz, Sarah A1 - Link, J. A1 - Mechtcherine, V. A1 - Neubauer, J. A1 - Plank, J. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Schilde, C. A1 - Schröfl, C. A1 - Sowoidnich, T. A1 - Stephan, D. T1 - Characterization data of reference cement CEM III/A 42.5N used for priority program DFG SPP 2005 "Opus Fluidum Futurum - Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials" N2 - Two types of cements were selected as the reference cement in the priority program 2005 of the German Research Foundation (DFG SPP 2005). A thorough characterization of CEM I 42.5 R has been made in a recent publication. In this paper, the characterization data of the other reference cement CEM III/A 42.5 N are presented from the aspects of chemical and mineralogical compositions as well as physical and chemical properties. The characterization data of the slag, which is the second main constituent of this specific cement besides the clinker, are presented independently. For all data received, the mean values and the corresponding errors were calculated. The data shall be used for the ongoing research within the priority program. Also, researchers from outside this priority program can benefit from these data if the same materials are used. KW - Cement KW - Slag KW - Characterization KW - DFG SPP 2005 PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568980 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105524 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 30 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-56898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Z. A1 - Haist, M. A1 - Ivanov, D. A1 - Jakob, C. A1 - Jansen, D. A1 - Leinitz, Sarah A1 - Link, J. A1 - Mechtcherine, V. A1 - Neubauer, J. A1 - Plank, J. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Schilde, C. A1 - Schröfl, C. A1 - Sowoidnich, T. A1 - Stephan, D. T1 - Characterization data of reference cement CEM I 42.5 R used for Priority Program DFG SPP 2005 “Opus Fluidum Futurum - Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials” N2 - A thorough characterization of starting materials is the precondition for further research, especially for cement, which contains various phases and presents quite a complex material for fundamental scientific investigation. In the paper at hand, the characterization data of the reference cement CEM I 42.5 R used within the priority program 2005 of the German Research Foundation (DFG SPP 2005) are presented from the aspects of chemical and mineralogical compositions as well as physical and chemical properties. The data were collected based on tests conducted by nine research groups involved in this cooperative program. For all data received, the mean values and the corresponding errors were calculated. The results shall be used for the ongoing research within the priority program. KW - Portland cement KW - Characterization KW - DFG SPP 2005 PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-500849 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104699 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 27 SP - 104699 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-50084 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pott, U. A1 - Crasselt, Claudia A1 - Fobbe, N. A1 - Haist, M. A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Hellmann, S. A1 - Ivanov, D. A1 - Jakob, C. A1 - Jansen, D. A1 - Lei, L. A1 - Li, R. A1 - Link, J. A1 - Lowke, D. A1 - Mechtcherine, V. A1 - Neubauer, J. A1 - Nicia, D. A1 - Plank, J. A1 - Reißig, S. A1 - Schäfer, T. A1 - Schilde, C. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Schröfl, C. A1 - Sowoidnich, T. A1 - Strybny, B. A1 - Ukrainczyk, N. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Xiao, P. A1 - Stephan, D. T1 - Characterization data of reference materials used for phase II of the priority program DFG SPP 2005 “Opus Fluidum Futurum –Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials” N2 - A thorough characterization of base materials is the prereq- uisite for further research. In this paper, the characterization data of the reference materials (CEM I 42.5 R, limestone pow- der, calcined clay and a mixture of these three components) used in the second funding phase of the priority program 2005 of the German Research Foundation (DFG SPP 2005) are presented under the aspects of chemical and min- eralogical composition as well as physical and chemical properties. The data were collected based on tests performed by up to eleven research groups involved in this cooperative program. KW - Portland cement KW - Limestone powder KW - Calcined clay KW - Sustainable cement KW - DFG SPP 2005 PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569913 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108902 VL - 47 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-56991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haist, M. A1 - Link, J. A1 - Nicia, D. A1 - Leinitz, Sarah A1 - Baumert, C. A1 - von Bronk, T. A1 - Cotardo, D. A1 - Eslami Pirharati, M. A1 - Fataei, S. A1 - Garrecht, H. A1 - Gehlen, C. A1 - Hauschildt, I. A1 - Ivanova, I. A1 - Jesinghausen, S. A1 - Klein, C. A1 - Krauss, H.-W. A1 - Lohaus, L. A1 - Lowke, D. A1 - Mazanec, O. A1 - Pawelczyk, S. A1 - Pott, U. A1 - Radebe, N. W. A1 - Riedmiller, J. J. A1 - Schmid, H.-J. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Secrieru, E. A1 - Stephan, D. A1 - Thiedeitz, M. A1 - Wilhelm, M. A1 - Mechtcherine, V. T1 - Interlaboratory study on rheological properties of cement pastes and reference substances: comparability of measurements performed with different rheometers and measurement geometries N2 - This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory study of the rheological properties of cement paste and ultrasound gel as reference substance. The goal was to quantify the comparability and reproducibility of measurements of the Bingham parameters yield stress and plastic viscosity when measured on one specific paste composition and one particular ultrasound gel in different laboratories using different rheometers and measurement geometries. The procedures for both in preparing the cement paste and carrying out the rheological measurements on cement paste and ultrasound gel were carefully defined for all of the study’s participants. Different conversion schemes for comparing the results obtained with the different measurement setups are presented here and critically discussed. The procedure proposed in this paper ensured a reasonable comparability of the results with a coefficient of variation for the yield stress of 27% and for the plastic viscosity of 24%, despite the individual measurement series’ having been performed in different labs with different rheometers and measurement geometries. KW - Rheometry KW - Rheology KW - Interlaboratory test KW - Test setup KW - Testing procedure KW - Cement paste KW - Ultrasound gel PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-511220 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01477-w SN - 1871-6873 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 92 PB - Rilem AN - OPUS4-51122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, Paul A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Glamsch, Stephan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Nutsch, A. A1 - Kulak, N. A1 - Beckhoff, B. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Quantification of silane molecules on oxidized silicon: Are there options for a traceable and absolute determination? N2 - Organosilanes are used routinely to functionalize various support materials for further modifications. Nevertheless, reliable quantitative information about surface functional group densities after layer formation is rarely available. Here, we present the analysis of thin organic nanolayers made from nitrogen containing silane molecules on naturally oxidized silicon wafers with reference-free total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An areic density of 2−4 silane molecules per nm2 was calculated from the layer’s nitrogen mass deposition per area unit obtained by reference-free TXRF. Complementary energy and angle-resolved XPS (ER/ARXPS) in the Si 2p core-level region was used to analyze the outermost surface region of the organic (silane layer)−inorganic (silicon wafer) interface. Different coexisting silicon species as silicon, native silicon oxide, and silane were identified and quantified. As a result of the presented proof-of-concept, absolute and traceable values for the areic density of silanes containing nitrogen as intrinsic marker are obtained by calibration of the XPS methods with reference-free TXRF. Furthermore, ER/AR-XPS is shown to facilitate the determination of areic densities in (mono)layers made from silanes having no heteroatomic marker other than silicon. After calibration with reference-free TXRF, these areic densities of silane molecules can be determined when using the XPS component intensity of the silane’s silicon atom. PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02846 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 87 IS - 19 SP - 10117 EP - 10124 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-34796 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Stephan A1 - Hanelt, S. A1 - Canitz, C. A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Entwicklung monoklonaler Antikörper gegen Diclofenac N2 - Diclofenac (DCF) wird als nicht-steroidales, antientzündliches Arzneimittel gegen Fieber, Entzündungen, rheumatische Erkrankungen und Schmerzen eingesetzt. 70 % werden nach Einnahme wieder ausgeschieden. Aufgrund unvollständiger Elimination in den Kläranlagen lassen sich Rückstände im Trinkwasser und im Oberflächengewässer nachweisen. Diclofenac wird in der Umweltanalytik v.a. mittels GC-MS oder LCMS nachgewiesen. Bioanalytische Methoden machen sich die spezifische Antigen-Antikörper-Wechselwirkung zunutze, so z.B. Immunoassays. Die hierfür erforderlichen Antikörper werden durch Immunisierung mit einem Konjugat aus dem Analyten und einem Trägerprotein gewonnen. Die Kopplung kann direkt über die Carboxylfunktion von Diclofenac erfolgen. Um Abschirmungseffekte zu vermeiden, kann zwischen Protein und Analy1 ein Spacer sinnvoll sein. PY - 2015 SN - 1618-3258 SN - 1617-5301 IS - 4 SP - 107 EP - 109 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-35241 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Klaus, M. A1 - Genzel, C. T1 - Real time observation of high temperature oxidation and sulfidation of Fe-Cr model alloys N2 - Insights into early damage mechanisms during high-temperature gas corrosion provide important aspects for the prediction of the long-term stability of hightemperature materials exposed to a hot and corrosive environment. The current work presents a real time study concerning the combined oxidation and sulfidation of ferritic model alloys in a hot SO2 containing atmosphere using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The applied high temperature reactor allows the transmittance of high energetic X-rays in order to collect X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample surface in situ during the reaction with the reactive environment. The results revealed that the first phases crystallizing on iron with 2 wt% chromium and with 9 wt% chromium are oxides. The aging experiments at T = 650° C with 0.5% SO2 and 99.5% Ar were followed in situ and caused an external mixed oxide-sulfide layer on top of iron with 2 wt% chromium. On the higher alloyed material the external scale consists of iron oxides and the inner scale of mixed (Fe,Cr)-oxides and chromium-sulfides. The oxide content continuously increases parallel to an increase of the sulfide amount. Thus, the initially formed (Fe,Cr)-oxides do not have a protective character and support the transport of sulfur through the growing oxide scale. KW - High temperature corrosion KW - In situ diffraction KW - Sulfidation PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201709892 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 678 EP - 689 PB - Wiley VCH Verlag AN - OPUS4-44776 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Trattnig, H. A1 - Boehm, C. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Spanndrahtbrüche und ihr digitaler akustischer Zwilling N2 - Die Planung eines Monitorings von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemissionsanalyse erfordert viel Erfahrung und setzt eine akustische Analyse der Spannbetonstruktur voraus. Eine akustische Simulation der Struktur unterstützt die Optimierung der Sensoranordnung und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit der Drahtbrucherkennung durch die Fusion von Simulations- und Messergebnissen in einer Datenbank. Künftig können Baulastträger und Monitoringanbieter von standardisierten – FAIR-en – akustischen Daten profitieren. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Spanndrahtbruch KW - Digitaler akustischer Zwilling PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613038 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 224 EP - 229 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61303 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esmann, M. A1 - Chimeh, A. A1 - Korte, A. A1 - Zhong, J. A1 - Stephan, S. A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Wittstock, G. A1 - Talebi, N. A1 - Lienau, C. T1 - Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry N2 - We describe and demonstrate a novel experimental approach to measure broadband, amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering spectra of single nanoparticles with 10-nm spatial resolution. Nanofocusing of Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the shaft of a conical gold taper is used to create a spatially isolated, spectrally broad nanoscale light source at ist very apex. The interference between these incident SPPs and SPPs that are backpropagating from the apex leads to the formation of an inherently phase-stable interferogram, which we detect in the far field by partially scattering SPPs off a small protrusion on the taper shaft. We show that these interferograms allow the reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase of the local optical near fields around individual nanoparticles optically coupled to the taper apex. We extract local light scattering spectra of particles and quantify line broadenings and spectral shifts induced by tip-sample coupling. Our experimental findings are supported by corresponding finite-difference time-domain and coupled dipole simulations and Show that, in the limit of weak tip-sample coupling, the measurements directly probe the projected local density of optical states of the plasmonic system. The combination of a highly stable inline interferometer with the inherent optical background suppression through nanofocusing makes it a promising tool for the locally resolved study of the spectral and temporal optical response of coupled hybrid nanosystems. KW - Plasmonic nanofocusing KW - Near-field spectroscopy PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504985 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0397 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 491 EP - 508 PB - De Gruyter AN - OPUS4-50498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Budnik, J. A1 - Betz, T. A1 - Brameshuber, W. A1 - Fromm, A. A1 - Gerdes, A. A1 - Gerlach, J. A1 - Götz, M. A1 - Hart, R. A1 - Heese, C. A1 - Hintzen, W. A1 - Hüttl, R. A1 - Kämpfer, W. A1 - König, A. A1 - Kühner, S. A1 - Lohaus, L. A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Neumann, T. A1 - Remus, R. A1 - Schaab, A. A1 - Schäffel, P. A1 - Schauerte, J. A1 - Schönborn, A. A1 - Siebert, B. A1 - Stephan, D. A1 - Tebbe, H. A1 - Wagner, J.-P. ED - Siebert, B. T1 - Chemischer Angriff auf Beton - Empfehlungen zur Prüfung und Bewertung N2 - ln den letzten Jahren wurden diverse Prüfverfahren und Methoden entwickelt, um die Leistungsfähigkeit von Beton bzw. Bindemittel hinsichtlich des Widerstands gegenüber betonaggressiven Einwirkungen beurteilen zu können. Ein wesentliches Ziel von Prüfverfahren zur Beurteilung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Baustoffen ist, die im Laufe der Nutzungsdauer zu erwartenden Einwirkungen auf den Baustoff realitätsnah abzubilden. Dazu sind die Prüfparameter auf die im jeweiligen Anwendungsbereich vorherrschenden Umgebungs- und Randbedingungen anzupassen. Daneben sind auch die Bewertungskriterien individuell unter Berücksichtigung der im Einzelfall geforderten Nutzungsdauer eines Bauwerks festzulegen. Eine systematische Zuordnung von adäquaten Prüfverfahren bzw. Prüfparametem und Bewertungskriterien für die verschiedenen Anwendungsbereiche im Betonbau, in denen betonaggressive Einwirkungen auftreten, ist mit Ausnahme von Einzelfällen bislang nicht vorhanden. Daneben stellt sich in der Praxis immer wieder das Problem, das Angriffspotenzial der Umgebung eines Bauwerks (prüftechnisch) zu erfassen und zu bewerten. Der Hauptausschuss Baustofftechnik des DBV hat daher den Arbeitskreis „Chemischer Angriff auf Beton“ beauftragt, dieses Merkblatt zu erarbeiten, das auf Basis von einschlägigen Erfahrungen der Baupraxis und wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen Grundsätze und bewährte Methoden zur Beurteilung der Einwirkungs- und Widerstandsseite beim chemischen Angriff auf Beton aufzeigt und diesbezüglich Hinweise für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche im Betonbau liefert. KW - Beton KW - Betonangriff KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Säureangriff PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 65 PB - Eigenverlag Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik-Verein e. V. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44663 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tian, H. A1 - Voigt, Marieke A1 - Lehmann, C. A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Stephan, D. ED - Middendorf, B. ED - Fehling, E. T1 - Composition and microstructure stability of cement compound under cyclic hydrothermal condition N2 - There have been many researches focused on the performance improvement of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) by autoclaving treatment. The goal of autoclaving is to increase the pozzolanic reaction, and to densify the cement stone and the transition zone which originates from the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as silica fume, fly ash and blast furnace slag. Due to the superior properties, UHPC can also be utilized under high mechanical load and aggressive condition, for example, the fabrication of water tanks for thermal storage which is of great significance for saving energy and reducing CO2 emission. It is known that mineral stability of the hydration products of an inorganic binder is highly related to the temperature and pressure of the environment. A certain stable composition at room temperature, however, may undergo a phase transformation at high temperature and the performance decrease under this severe condition will generally be more severe. In this way, the rationale behind this deterioration under long-term hydrothermal condition involving many cycles and long duration has to be clarified, and then appropriate optimizing methods will be performed in order to obtain a kind of construction with high durability under aggressive environment. For this purpose, different types and amounts of SCMs are introduced into the standard mixture of UHPC and the phase compositions after autoclaving at 200 °C and 15.5 bar are determined by combined X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Mercury intrusion porosimeter is used to characterise the microstructure of the samples. In order to establish the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties, compressive and flexural strength are also investigated. T2 - HiPerMat 2020 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 11.03.2020 KW - Hydrothermal treatment KW - UHPC KW - Composition PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-7376-0828-2 VL - 23 SP - 87 EP - 88 PB - Kassel University Press CY - Kassel AN - OPUS4-52375 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aris, Stephan A1 - Szypkowski, Marko A1 - Ciscato, W. A1 - Nadeschdin, C. T1 - Nitroxnormen - was gilt nun? N2 - Die seit 2003 gültige Nitroxnorm EN13949 ist in Taucherkreisen ein viel diskutiertes Thema. Vor allem das für Nitrox und Sauerstoff normierte Ventil nach EN144-3 mit dem M26x2 Anschluss sorgt in den letzten Monaten für rote Köpfe. Auch weil die 5jährige Übergangsfrist dafür Ende Juni 2008 in Deutschland abgelaufen ist. Mehrere Autoren aus dem In- und Ausland, welche auf EU-Niveau Experten in Tauchernormen sind, konnte DiveInside für diesen Beitrag gewinnen. Die Autoren Ciscato, Szypkowski und Aris, gehören dem CEN/TC 79/SC 7 (diving apparatus Normenkomitee) an und sind aktiv an der Erstellung und Revision von Tauchgerätenormen und Ventilnormen beteiligt. KW - Nitrox KW - Ventilanschlüsse KW - Normung PY - 2008 UR - http://www.diveinside.de/DI_Nitroxnormen_15_159.pdf IS - 8 SP - 51 EP - 55 AN - OPUS4-18200 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruedrich, J. A1 - Rieffel, Y. A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Alpermann, H. A1 - Joksch, U. A1 - Gengnagel, C. A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Plagge, R. A1 - Zhao, J. A1 - Siegesmund, S. T1 - Development and assessment of protective winter covers for marble statuaries of the Schlossbrücke, Berlin (Germany) N2 - The present study documents the results of an inter-disciplinary model project that was planned with the aim of developing an innovative winter covering system for marble statuaries located on the Schlossbru¨cke (Berlin). Such a system would need to fulfil the various requirements for structural stability, aesthetics, climate and practical use. This applied research represents the first complex scientific study of the sustainability of a winter covering system. The study is characterised by the use of complex scientific instruments such as special laboratory analysis and numerical simulation tools. The interaction between the environment and the artefacts in connection with the innovative winter covering structures were studied by extensive climatic monitoring. KW - Marble sculptures KW - Marble weathering KW - Winter cover KW - Climate data KW - Numerical simulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0765-2 SN - 1866-6280 SN - 1866-6299 VL - 63 IS - 7-8 SP - 1823 EP - 1848 PB - Springer CY - Berlin; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-22363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kingsbery, P. A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia A1 - Többens, D. M. A1 - Stephan-Scherb, C. T1 - High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion of high Cr and Ni alloys investigated by in‐situ diffraction N2 - High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion in laboratory air was observed in situ utilizing X‐ray diffraction. High Cr‐containing model alloys (Fe‐13Cr, Fe‐18Cr‐12Ni, and Fe‐25Cr‐20Ni) were coated with KCl and exposed to dry air at 560°C. KCl‐free alloys were studied in the equivalent atmosphere as a reference. After exposure to KCl‐free environments, all alloys showed the formation of very thin oxide layers, indicating good corrosion resistance. In contrast, KCl‐bearing alloys showed distinct damage after exposure. KW - Corrosion KW - In-situ diffraction KW - High-temperature corrosion PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600831 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202314224 SN - 0947-5117 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-60083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Mohring, Wencke A1 - Hesse, René A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Stephan-Scherb, C. T1 - Early material damage in equimolar CrMnFeCoNi in mixed oxidizing/sulfiding hot gas atmosphere N2 - The challenges to use more varied fuels at medium and high temperatures above 500 °C need to be addressed by tuning the materials toward a better resistance against increased corrosion. As a first step the corrosion processes need to be better understood, especially in the case of the unavoidable and highly corrosive sulfur-based gases. Herein, oxidation/sulfidation of an equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy is studied at an early stage after hot gas exposure at 600 °C for 6 h in 0.5% SO2 and 99.5% Ar. The oxidation process is studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and supported by thermodynamic calculations. It is found that the sulfur does not enter the bulk material but interacts mainly with the fast-diffusing manganese at grain boundary triple junctions at the alloy surface. Submicrometer scaled Cr–S–O-rich phases close to the grain boundaries complete the sulfur-based phase formation. The grains are covered in different Fe-, Mn-, and Cr-based spinels and other oxides. KW - High entropy alloy KW - Sulfiding KW - Corrosion KW - Transmission electron microscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543495 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101573 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-54349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Batatia, Ilyes A1 - Benner, Philipp A1 - Chiang, Yuan A1 - Elena, Alin M. A1 - Kovács, Dávid P. A1 - Riebesell, Janosh A1 - Advincula, Xavier R. A1 - Asta, Mark A1 - Avaylon, Matthew A1 - Baldwin, William J. A1 - Berger, Fabian A1 - Bernstein, Noam A1 - Bhowmik, Arghya A1 - Bigi, Filippo A1 - Blau, Samuel M. A1 - Cărare, Vlad A1 - Ceriotti, Michele A1 - Chong, Sanggyu A1 - Darby, James P. A1 - De, Sandip A1 - Della Pia, Flaviano A1 - Deringer, Volker L. A1 - Elijošius, Rokas A1 - El-Machachi, Zakariya A1 - Fako, Edvin A1 - Falcioni, Fabio A1 - Ferrari, Andrea C. A1 - Gardner, John L. A. A1 - Gawkowski, Mikołaj J. A1 - Genreith-Schriever, Annalena A1 - George, Janine A1 - Goodall, Rhys E. A. A1 - Grandel, Jonas A1 - Grey, Clare P. A1 - Grigorev, Petr A1 - Han, Shuang A1 - Handley, Will A1 - Heenen, Hendrik H. A1 - Hermansson, Kersti A1 - Ho, Cheuk Hin A1 - Hofmann, Stephan A1 - Holm, Christian A1 - Jaafar, Jad A1 - Jakob, Konstantin S. A1 - Jung, Hyunwook A1 - Kapil, Venkat A1 - Kaplan, Aaron D. A1 - Karimitari, Nima A1 - Naik, Aakash A. A1 - Csányi, Gábor T1 - A foundation model for atomistic materials chemistry N2 - Atomistic simulations of matter, especially those that leverage first-principles (ab initio) electronic structure theory, provide a microscopic view of the world, underpinning much of our understanding of chemistry and materials science. Over the last decade or so, machine-learned force fields have transformed atomistic modeling by enabling simulations of ab initio quality over unprecedented time and length scales. However, early machine-learning (ML) force fields have largely been limited by (i) the substantial computational and human effort required to develop and validate potentials for each particular system of interest and (ii) a general lack of transferability from one chemical system to the next. Here, we show that it is possible to create a general-purpose atomistic ML model, trained on a public dataset of moderate size, that is capable of running stable molecular dynamics for a wide range of molecules and materials. We demonstrate the power of the MACE-MP-0 model—and its qualitative and at times quantitative accuracy—on a diverse set of problems in the physical sciences, including properties of solids, liquids, gases, chemical reactions, interfaces, and even the dynamics of a small protein. The model can be applied out of the box as a starting or “foundation” model for any atomistic system of interest and, when desired, can be fine-tuned on just a handful of application-specific data points to reach ab initio accuracy. Establishing that a stable force-field model can cover almost all materials changes atomistic modeling in a fundamental way: experienced users obtain reliable results much faster, and beginners face a lower barrier to entry. Foundation models thus represent a step toward democratizing the revolution in atomic-scale modeling that has been brought about by ML force fields. KW - Materials Design KW - Thermal Conducitivity KW - Nanoparticles KW - Batteries PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647829 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0297006 SN - 0021-9606 VL - 163 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 89 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-64782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Dimke, Thomas A1 - Guterman, R. A1 - Smith, C. A. A1 - Cataldo, V. A. T1 - Antibacterial and degradable thioimidazolium poly(ionic liquid) N2 - New antibacterial agents are urgently required to fight the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We recently synthesized the first thioimidazolium ionene, which has antibacterial properties and can degrade in various media. This dual functionality is crucial in order to limit the environmental impact of these biocides. We have found that our polymer is stronger than benzalkonium chloride (BAC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also readily degrades in the presence of base, while remaining stable in acidic environments. These results highlight a new emerging class of antibacterial degradable polymers. KW - Ionic liquid KW - Antibacterial polymer KW - Amphiphilic polymer KW - Thioimidazolium KW - Degradable polymer KW - Polyioinic liquid PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02666 VL - 8 IS - 22 SP - 8419 EP - 8424 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-50982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deroubaix, G. A1 - Labat, G. A1 - Lebayon, I. A1 - Legay, S. A1 - Marchal, P. A1 - Yrieix, C. A1 - Melcher, E. A1 - Peek, R.-D. A1 - De Geyter, S. A1 - van Acker, J. A1 - Homan, W. A1 - Dickinson, D. A1 - Murphy, R. A1 - Suttie, E. A1 - Nurmi, A. A1 - Ritschkoff, A. A1 - Rudolph, Dieter A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Aston, D. A1 - Baines, E. A1 - Simonin, J. T1 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Treated Timber in Service - the Environment Focus Group Approach N2 - In the context of the Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC), and of the OECD work on wood preservatives, the Environment Focus Group (EFG), comprising 8 institutes and the European Wood Preservative Manufacturers Group, has been working on the environmental risk assessment of treated timber in service. A literature review of emissions from treated timber has revealed that very little existing data is usable for environmental risk assessment; the most relevant data are kinetic curves of emissions over time, which show clearly the non-linear emissions behaviour of treated wood over time. The EFG has suggested real exposure conditions for treated timber in the environment, and listed typical exposure scenarios. Five representative scenarios are characterised in detail, for use in the calculation of Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). The existing methods to determine emissions from treated wood have been reviewed. Most existing experimental models cannot be used to predict environmental emissions. Monitoring of commodities in service has its specific constraints. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicity testing have also been reviewed and their relationship has been discussed. Principles for the design of experimental models, for the determination of emission fluxes from treated wood to the environment, have been established. T2 - 31th Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Kona, HI, USA DA - 2000-05-14 PY - 2000 UR - http://www.irg-wp.com/irgdocs/details.aspx?id=42bc629a-609f-4689-8a62-3542121b4a79 SP - Paper 50162, 1 EP - 17 PB - International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-4455 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -