TY - JOUR A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Drop test program with half scale model CASTOR HAW/TB2 N2 - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German high level waste cask CASTOR® HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half scale model of the CASTOR® HAW/TB2. The cask is manufactured by Gesellschaft für Nuklear Service mbH and was tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program, the test specimen CASTOR® HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 triaxial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half scale CASTOR® HAW/TB2 prototype (14 500 kg) and measurement data logging. It illustrates the extensive instrumentation and analyses that are used by BAM for evaluating the cask performance to the mechanical tests required by regulations. Although some of the quantitative deceleration, velocity and strain values cannot be shown because of confidentially issues, they are provided qualitatively to illustrate the types of measurements and methodologies used at BAM. KW - IAEA drop testing KW - Half scale model KW - Experimental test PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000013 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 160 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-25293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Transport of Large Nuclear Power Plant Components - Experiences in Mechanical Design Assessment - T2 - Workshop BAM/US.NRC CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-07-11 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24230 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop test program with a HLW cask model - performance, measurements and results N2 - BAM (Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste (HLW) in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German HLW cask CASTOR HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half-scale model of the CASTOR HAW/TB2. The test model was manufactured by GNS (Gesellschaft fur Nuklear Service mbH) and tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program the test specimen CASTOR HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo-resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 tri-axial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior, respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half-scale CASTOR HAW/TB2 prototype (14,500 kg) and measurement data logging. T2 - 52nd INMM Annual meeting CY - Palm Desert, CA, USA DA - 17.07.2011 KW - Drop test results KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Impact limiter KW - Measurement methods KW - Drop test program PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Kiyak, Yusuf A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar T1 - Assessment of ductile cast iron fracture mechanics analysis within licensing of German transport packages N2 - In the approval procedure of transport packages for radioactive materials, the mechanical and thermal safety assessment is carried out in Germany by competent authority BAM. In recent years BAM was involved in several licensing procedures of new spent fuel and HLW package designs, where the cask body was made of Ductile Cast Iron (DCI). According to IAEA regulations package designs have to fulfill requirements for specific conditions of transport. Type B(U) packages must withstand the defined accident conditions of transport. The temperature range from -40°C up to the operational temperature has to be considered. For the cask material DCI, it is necessary to determine the brittle fracture behavior. The German guideline BAM-GGR 007 defines requirements for the fracture mechanics of DCI. Due to complex structure of the cask body and the dynamic loading a fracture mechanical assessment in an analytical kind is not always possible. Experience of recent design approval procedures show that the application of numerical calculations are applicable to determine the fracture mechanical load in the cask body. At the first step a numerical analysis has to be done to identify the loading state at the whole cask body. Secondly an analysis of a detail of the cask body is made considering the displacement boundary conditions of the global model. An artificial flaw is considered in this detailed model to calculate the fracture mechanical loading state. The finite element mesh was strongly refined in the area of flaw. The size of the artificial flaw is characterized by the ultrasonic inspection used for the quality assurance of the package. The applicant developed additional analysis tools for calculation of stress intensity factor and/or J-Integral. The assessment approach by BAM led to the decision to develop own tools to the possibility for independent check of the results. The paper describes the authority assessment approach for the DCI fracture mechanics analysis. The validation procedure incl. the development of own tools is explained. BAM developed a post-processor called JINFEM to determine the fracture mechanical loads. The regulatory 1 m puncture bar drop test is used to give an example of the assessment procedure. T2 - 52nd INMM Annual meeting CY - Palm Desert, CA, USA DA - 17.07.2011 KW - Mechanische Bewertung KW - Radioaktives Material KW - Numerische Analyse KW - Bruchmechanik PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-25022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Kiyak, Yusuf A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar T1 - Assessment of Ductile Cast Iron Fracture Mechanics Analysis within Licensing of German Transport Packages T2 - INMM, 52nd Annual Meeting CY - Palm Desert, CA, USA DA - 2011-07-17 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25008 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Mechanical assessment within type B packages approval: application of static and dynamic calculation approaches N2 - This paper demonstrates exemplarily how numerical and experimental approaches can be combined reasonably in mechanical assessment of package integrity according to the IAEA regulations. The paper also concentrates on the question about how static mechanical approaches can be applied, and what their problems are in relation to dynamic calculation approaches. Under defined impact tests, which represent accident transport conditions, the package has to withstand impact loading, e.g. resulting from a 9 m free drop onto an unyielding target in sequence with a 1 m puncture drop test. Owing to the local character of the interaction between the puncture bar and the cask body, it is possible to develop a dynamic numerical model for the 1 m puncture drop which allows an appropriate simulation of the interaction area. Results from existing experimental drop tests with prototype or small scale cask models can be used for verification and validation of applied analysis codes and models. The link between analysis and experimental drop testing is described exemplarily by considering a regulatory 1 m puncture bar drop test onto the cask body of a recently approved German high level waste transport package. For the 9 m drop test of the package, it is difficult to develop a dynamic numerical model of the package due to the complexity of the interaction between cask body, impact limiters and unyielding target. Dynamic calculations require an extensive verification with experimental results. The simulation of a 9 m drop of a package with impact limiters is thereby often more complex than the simulation of a 1 m puncture drop onto the cask body. A different approximation method can be applied for the consideration of dynamic effects on the impact loading of the package. In a first step, maximum impact force and rigid body deceleration of the cask body during the impact process can be calculated with simplified numerical tools. This rigid body deceleration can subsequently be applied on a verified static numerical model. Dynamic effects, which cannot be covered by the static numerical analysis, have therefore to be considered by using an additional dynamic factor. The paper describes this approach exemplarily for a 9 m horizontal drop of a typical spent fuel cask design. KW - Package assessment KW - Package KW - Packaging KW - Structural analysis PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000012 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 179 EP - 183 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-26448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Dynamic finite element analyses of a spent fuel transport and storage cask with impact limiters by 9 meter drop tests N2 - The 9 meter drop onto an unyielding target is one of the important mechanical tests within the safety assessment of transport casks for radioactive material. In general, the cask is equipped with impact limiters to reduce the dynamic load on the cask body by absorbing a major part of the kinetic energy. The impact limiters are often made of wood or aluminium. In this study an elastic-plastic material model with volume change was used to describe the stress-strain behaviour of wood found in crush tests. For aluminium, an elastic-incremental plastic material model with Cowper-Symonds parameters for strain rate depending material hardening was used to model the adiabatic stress-strain relations measured at specimens at constant ambient temperature. Hereafter simulations with a sophisticated finite element model were carried out and compared with different drop tests. Four drop tests of a half-scale cask model equipped with wood and aluminium impact limiters with different drop positions were selected to investigate the impact limiter behaviour during a 9 meter drop test. All drop tests were simulated with the same FE mesh but under different boundary and initial conditions. T2 - SIMULIA Customer conference CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 17.05.2011 KW - Cask KW - Drop test KW - Impact limiter KW - Wood KW - Aluminium KW - Dynamics PY - 2011 SP - 932 EP - 944 AN - OPUS4-23706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -