TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Knackmuß, J. A1 - Creutzburg, R. T1 - Comparative visualization of the geometry of a hollow box girder using 3D-LiDAR – Part 2: Reconstruction of 3D Geometric Model N2 - With the mandatory introduction of the May 2011 directive for reassessment of bridges in Germany, the administrations of the federal and state governments have the duty to prove the stability of their bridge stock. Verification of bridge stability will be realized with consideration of the newly increased traffic loads. Particularly in older bridges, the verification can only be achieved if calculative surplus load capacity of the original structural design is taken into account in the recalculation. One option for considering these reserves is the exact determination of the dead weight of the bridge. Within this case study, it will be demonstrated how the problem can be practically solved. In order to determine the dead weight of a concrete bridge, its volume has to be calculated. as a first step, a 3D laser scanner is used to record the internal geometry of a hollow box bridge girder. For the determination of the thickness of the concrete member, the non-destructive technique ultrasonic echo is applied. The construction must be segmented in approximately equidistant parts in order to be able to carry out an economic and efficient investigation. The description of the segmentation of the point cloud, carried out in a 2D model, was presented in the first part of the publication. The subject of this presentation is the merging of 2D cross sections into a 3D model, from which the weight of the bridge can be calculated. T2 - IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2017 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 29.01.2017 KW - LiDAR KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Brücken KW - NDT KW - Bridge inspection PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.6.MOBMU-308 SP - 255 EP - 264 PB - Society for Imaging Science and Technology AN - OPUS4-39242 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Kneib, G. T1 - Elastic wave propagation of ultrasound in bituminous road surfaces – simulations and measurements N2 - Maintenance costs of road infrastructure are increasing steadily. Adverse environmental impacts on infrastructure get more and more important as well. Therefore, it is important to determine how limited financial resources can be directed with an optimum pay-out. The present study takes first steps towards the usage of low-frequency ultrasound as a tool to evaluate the road condition. T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Wave propagation KW - Ultrasonic KW - NDT KW - Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Knackmuß, J. A1 - Creutzburg, R. T1 - Comparative visualization of the geometry of a hollow box girder using 3D-Lidar Part 2: Reconstruction of 3D Geometric Modell N2 - With the mandatory introduction of the May 2011 directive for reassessment of bridges in Germany, the administrations of the federal and state governments have the duty to prove the stability of their bridge stock. Verification of bridge stability will be realized with consideration of the newly increased traffic loads. Particularly in older bridges, the verification can only be achieved if calculative surplus load capacity of the original structural design is taken into account in the recalculation. One option for considering these reserves is the exact determination of the dead weight of the bridge. Within this case study, it will be demonstrated how the problem can be practically solved. In order to determine the dead weight of a concrete bridge, its volume has to be calculated. as a first step, a 3D laser scanner is used to record the internal geometry of a hollow box bridge girder. For the determination of the thickness of the concrete member, the non-destructive technique ultrasonic echo is applied. The construction must be segmented in approximately equidistant parts in order to be able to carry out an economic and efficient investigation. The description of the segmentation of the point cloud, carried out in a 2D model, was presented in the first part of the publication. The subject of this presentation is the merging of 2D cross sections into a 3D model, from which the weight of the bridge can be calculated. T2 - IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2017 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 29.01.2017 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen KW - LiDAR KW - NDT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Thunell, B. A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Demonstration of State of the Art NDT-Methods for Nuclear Concrete Reactor Containments N2 - The special design of buildings, constructed for nuclear power plants is a particular challenge for the nondestructive testing in the building industry. In particular the major component thicknesses, the degree of reinforcement and surface coating systems make the application of NDT methods difficult. The studies first steps were undertaken to determine to which extent established applications of these techniques are useable in the field of infrastructure buildings. Methods have been evaluated that are already state of the art. So for example the ground penetrating radar was used for locating metallic mounting parts. Furthermore, the low-lying internal structure of the containment was investigated with the ultrasonic method. T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - ground penetrating radar KW - ultrasonic KW - nuclear structures KW - NDT PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Braml, T. A1 - Maack, Stefan ED - Alexander, M. G. ED - Beushausen, H. ED - Dehn, F. ED - Moyo, P. T1 - Reliability assessment of existing bridge constructions based on results of non-destructive testing N2 - The non-destructive testing methods available for civil engineering (NDT-CE) enable the measurements of quantitative parameters, which realistically describe the characteristics of existing buildings. In the past, methods for quality evaluation and concepts for validation expanded into NDT-CE to improve the objectivity of measured data. Thereby, a metrological foundation was developed to collect statistically sound and structurally relevant information about the inner construction of structures without destructive interventions. More recently, the demand for recalculations of structural safety was identified. This paper summarizes a basic research study on structural analyses of bridges in combination with NDT. The aim is to use measurement data of nondestructive testing methods as stochastic quantities in static calculations. Therefore, a methodical interface between the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement and probabilistic approximation procedures (e.g. FORM) has been proven to be suitable. The motivation is to relate the scientific approach of the structural analysis with real information coming from existing structures and not with those found in the literature. A case study about the probabilistic bending proof of a reinforced concrete bridge with statistically verified data from ultrasonic measurements shows that the measuring results fulfil the requirements concerning precision, trueness, objectivity and reliability. T2 - International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting (ICCRRR 2018) CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 19.11.2018 KW - NDT KW - Concrete KW - Probabilistic reassessment KW - Bridge PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-467898 SN - 2261-236X VL - 199 SP - 06001, 1 EP - 9 PB - MATEC Web of Conferences AN - OPUS4-46789 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Braml, T. T1 - Non-destructive testing in civil engineering: A valuable source of information for reliability assessments N2 - The reassessment of bridges is becoming increasingly important. The basic requirement for analyses of structural safety is reliable knowledge about individual structures. This paper introduces the new approach to evaluate the quality of measured data gained from non-destructive testing (NDT) to provide reliable, objective, and relevant information about existing bridges. The purpose is to relate this validated knowledge to probabilistic analyses. Bridging the gap between NDT and numerical reassessments indicates reduced numerical uncertainties and residual service time extensions. This paper deals with an application of this approach using measurement data collected by ultrasonic technique at a prestressed concrete bridge. T2 - IABSE Symposium 2019 CY - Guimarães, Portugal DA - 27.03.2019 KW - NDT KW - Measurement KW - Structural safety KW - Uncertainty KW - Existing bridges PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-85748-163-5 VL - 112 SP - 1132 EP - 1139 PB - IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) CY - Zurich, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-47815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. T1 - Structural safety referring to ultrasound on concrete bridges N2 - Measuring means knowing. The structural engineer’s Knowledge about structures is vitally important for the assessment of their structural safety. This contribution shows, how non-destructive testing methods can be used to collect valuable Information about existing structures. This value is expressed in this paper by the usability in probabilistic assessments and thus by the reliability of the information. The development of non-destructive testing methods in civil-engineering allows the realistic measurement and visualization of inner constructions of concrete components with a minimum of destructive interventions. The evaluation of the quality of measurement data is of fundamental importance for quantitative measurements in order to ensure the objectivity of testing and evaluation and to assess the reliability of the knowledge acquired. Both systematic and random deviations must be identified, quantified and taken into account to obtain statistically sound data. The Focus of this contribution is on the methodical path, how displayed measurement data can be processed into reliable knowledge. It is not about developing assessment methods but about providing necessary knowledge to increase their operational usability. T2 - 16th International Probabilistic Workshop CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 12.09.2018 KW - NDT KW - Reassessment KW - Probabilistic KW - Non-destructive testing in civil engineering PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201800034 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 113 IS - S2 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-46143 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Braml, T. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Maack, Stefan ED - Pellegrino, C. ED - Faleschini, F. ED - Zanini, M.A. ED - Matos, J.C. ED - Casas, J.R. ED - Strauss, A. T1 - From Uncertainty in Measurement to Certainty in Bridge Reassessment N2 - "The reassessment of bridges continues to take great importance both nationally and internationally. A major challenge is to find computation models reflecting the actual properties of the considered structures sufficiently accurate. Besides regular inspections, the conduction of advanced measurements is suitable to generate reliable information about a structure to be assessed. Prior to incorporating measurement results in reassessment, the relevance, the trueness, and the precision of the measured information needs to be stated. On the one hand, the use of information whose quality has not been assessed can lead to errors with serious consequences. On the other, the measurement of irrelevant information is inefficient. Although the use of measured data in assessment is currently mostly unregulated, their appreciation in reliability analyses is beneficial since the built environment can be assessed more realistically. Utilizing NDT in reassessment has the potential to extend remaining lifetimes of a structure, save resources, and improve infrastructural availabilities. The power of judgment regarding the decision on the reliability of an existing structure can be increased. In this contribution, an approach is outlined to process non-destructively gathered measurement data in a comparableway in order to include themeasured information in probabilistic reliability assessments of existing structures. An essential part is the calculation of measurement uncertainties. The effect of incorporating evaluated NDT-results is demonstrated by means of a prestressed concrete bridge and GPR measurements conducted on this bridge as a case-study. The bridge is assessed regarding SLS Decompression using the NDT-results." KW - Reliability KW - Assessment KW - Existing structures KW - NDT KW - Concrete PY - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_58 VL - 200 SP - 509 EP - 517 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-54019 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Braml, T. A1 - Maack, Stefan T1 - Refining stochastic models for the reassessment of bridges using advanced NDT-methods N2 - Increasing requirements on the infrastructure caused by more and heavier traffic coincide with both the aging and the progressive degradation of bridge constructions. These exemplary issues lead to a non-negligible need for reassessments of existing bridges. Compared to the new building design, safety reserves can be used in the evaluation of such existing structures, since uncertainties that may arise during the design, construction and previous Service time are better known or no longer present. Uncertainties can be evaiuated more precisely by measurements. In the meantime, the application of advanced NDT-methods on concrete structures have become so capable, that crucial structure Parameters like certain material properties or geometrical dimensions can be quantified without significant destructive interventions. The measured data can be explicitly incorporated into the probabilistic computation models used for the bridge reassessment in form of random variables. Therewith, a previously insufficient model can be refined to achieve a higher level of approximation. This contribution emphasises two fundamental steps of the measured data based probabilistic reassessment: The sensitivity analyses to identify the cruciai Parameters and the needed accuracy of the related information as well as the comparison with expected uncertainties of non-destructively measured Parameters. T2 - 17th International Probabilistic Workshop CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 11.09.2019 KW - Measurement KW - Reassessment KW - NDT KW - Concrete bridges PY - 2019 SP - 99 EP - 105 AN - OPUS4-48998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Knackmuß, J. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Creutzburg, R. T1 - Comparative visualization of geometry of a hollow box girder using 3D-LiDAR – Part 1: Cross sectional area N2 - With the mandatory introduction of the directive for recalculation of bridges in May 2011 in Germany, the administrations of the federal and state governments have a duty to demonstrate the stability of their bridge inventory. The requisite verification will be realized under consideration of the new increased traffic loads on the construction, in a four-step process. Particularly in older bridges the verification succeeds only using the computational resources of the original structural design. One option these reserves to be considered is the exact determination of the dead weight of the bridge. Since the existing as-built documents of the construction often digress significantly from the real dimensions, there are two options to resolve the issue. In addition to the technically very complicated and relatively expensive method of weighing the construction, the calculation can also be done indirectly through a combined process of hotogrammetric measurement and non-destructive testing. On a practical case study will be demonstrated how the solution of this problem can succeed. For this is done in the first step to scan in detailed the inner topography of a part of the construction by a 3D laser scanner. The results of these tests are compared with the existing stock plans of the building. The aim of this study is to determine the dead weight of structure. Therefore, in the first part of this work sectional plans were extracted of the technical drawing and the point cloud to calculate the area of the interior. Based on the calculated areas in the sectional planes, the volume calculation should take place in the next step. T2 - IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2016 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 14.02.2016 KW - Laserscanner KW - LiDAR KW - Bridge KW - NDT PY - 2016 UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ist/ei/2016/00002016/00000007/art00015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.7.MOBMU-296 SN - 1017-9909 SP - MOBMU-296.1 EP - MOBMU-296.10 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-38829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -