TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - BLEVE - Sicherheit von Tanks unter auslegungsüberschreitenden Belastungen T2 - 11. Technische Informationsveranstaltung der VPI T2 - 11. Technische Informationsveranstaltung der VPI CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 2013-06-20 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28719 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - Fire testing T2 - SOURCE TERM CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF STORAGE TANK AGRESSIONS T2 - SOURCE TERM CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF STORAGE TANK AGRESSIONS CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2013-06-04 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - BLEVE performance of fire protection coating systems on dangerous goods tanks in a test fire JF - International journal of materials science and engineering N2 - How can the risk of a BLEVE be reduced? That is the main question based on different research projects. In various large scale fire tests fire protection coating systems were used of different manufacturers. The degree of the coating as well as the layer thickness and the processing were varied. These experimental configurations were partly tested with and without pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valves were not protected again the thermal Load from the test fire. The ambition is to find a minimum of the thickness from the fire protection coating witch delay a BLEVE up to 90 minutes. Here are given the most interested configurations of tanks in fire and a description of the test-rigs. KW - BLEVE KW - Fire protection coating KW - Isolation KW - Test rigs KW - Large scale fire test PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.12720/ijmse.1.2.90-93 SN - 2315-4527 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 90 EP - 93 PB - Engineering and technology publishing AN - OPUS4-30124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - Beyond desingn loading conditions of tanks for dangerous goods T2 - Fire Scince T2 - Fire Scince CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-11-29 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30102 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - BLEVE Performance of fire protection coating systems on dangerous goods tanks in a test fire T2 - International Conference on Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering (ICPPE 2014) T2 - International Conference on Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering (ICPPE 2014) CY - Macau, China DA - 2014-01-24 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30104 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Fire testing T2 - Source term characterization of the consequences of storage tank aggressions (STO-AVT-VKI Lecture series 2012/13 - AVT 219) N2 - The phenomenon whereby the tank fails in a fire is described as a BLEVE. BLEVE Stands for boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion. This describes the sudden Vaporisation of a boiling, liquid under pressure followed by ignition. BLEVE are very complex phenomena which are influenced by a number of factors. T2 - Source term characterization of the consequences of storage tank aggressions (STO-AVT-VKI Lecture series 2012/13 - AVT 219) CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 04.06.2013 KW - BLEVE KW - Storage tank KW - Fire protection coating PY - 2013 N1 - Serientitel: STO-AVT-VKI Lecture Series 2012/13 – Series title: STO-AVT-VKI Lecture Series 2012/13 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-28927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iancu, O.T. A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Consistency between analytical and finite element predictions for safety of cylindrical pressure vessels at higher temperatures JF - Materials Testing N2 - Die Vorhersage der Beanspruchung bei plastischem Versagen von zylindrischen Druckbehältern wird häufig mittels Finite Elemente Berechnungen durchgeführt. Die Berechnung der zulässigen Beanspruchung erfordert ein elastisch-plastisches Werkstoffmodell und die Berücksichtigung von nichtlinearen geometrischen Effekten. Das plastische Versagen verursacht eine gesamte Strukturinstabilität und kann nicht direkt aus der Finite Elemente Analyse bestimmt werden. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Beanspruchung für plastisches Versagen eines zylindrischen Druckbehälters mittels eines analytischen Verfahrens basierend auf einem linear elastischen ideal-plastischen Materialmodell bestimmt. Wenn Plastizität auftritt, wird zum einen der Werkstoff als inkompressibel und zum anderen der Tensor der plastischen Dehnungen als parallel zum Spannungsabweichungstensor angenommen. In diesem Fall kann die Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehung von Henkel angewendet werden, um den Druck zu berechnen, bei dem plastisches Fließen und Versagen eintritt. Die analytischen Ergebnisse werden von den Finite Elemente Berechnungen vollkommen bestätigt. KW - Materials testing KW - FEM KW - Plastic instability KW - Limit load analysis KW - Pressure vessel KW - Analytical solution PY - 2014 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 274 EP - 278 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-30722 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konersmann, Rainer A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Zur Früherkennung technischer Risiken JF - Technische Sicherheit N2 - Der Begriff 'Risiko' erzeugt selten positive Emotionen. Risiken mögen wir eigentlich nicht, denn sie können manchmal existenzgefährdend sein. Deshalb möchten wir Risiken so früh wie möglich entdecken. Das rechtzeitige Erkennen riskanter Entwicklungen und Zustände, so die Theorie, ermöglicht es, die 'Stellschrauben' für die Konsequenz und die Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit, d. h. den beiden Faktoren der Risikoformel, so weit zurückzudrehen, bis uns das verbleibende Restrisiko akzeptabel erscheint. Es besteht aber der begründete Verdacht, dass es manchmal sehr schwierig ist, risikoträchtigen Entwicklungen rechtzeitig entgegen zu wirken, zumal sich Fehlerquellen oft nicht sofort zeigen. Es könnte aber auch sein, dass die Ursachenforschung – aufgrund wirtschaftlicher Erwägungen – nicht konsequent genug betrieben wird. So kann es passieren, dass einzelne Schadensereignisse als unerheblich bewertet werden und kostenintensive Nachbesserungen entbehrlich erscheinen. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt einige Beispiele zu diesem Thema und versucht eine Antwort darauf zu finden, warum die Früherkennung technischer Risiken bislang so wenig erfolgreich war. KW - Risiko KW - Früherkennung KW - Vorsorgeprinzip PY - 2014 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 4 IS - 6 SP - 45 EP - 50 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-30868 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Simon, Sylvio T1 - A new tank design for Hazmat N2 - Initial studies have shown pre-deformed honeycomb structure pressure vessels to have comparable burst pressure to straight steel vessels. It was shown that honeycomp structured tanks have a higher energy absorption than straight steel tanks. Future studies will investigate optimization of the deformed plate, to determine if increased payloads or a reduced wall thickness can be achieved. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (ICME 2016) CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Hazmat KW - Tankdesign KW - Honeycomb structure PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Reich, Franziska T1 - Limit load analysis of pressurized containers T2 - IMECE 2014 - ASME International mechanical engineering congress and exposition (Proceedings) N2 - Limit load analysis is a well known method to calculate the allowable design pressure of container components. A limit load of a pressurized container is achieved, when the stress of a wall and the flow stress are equal. In the following paper the transferability of limit load analysis from small scale tank containers up to large scale containers (railway tank) are investigated. Finite element calculations are carried out and compared with experimental results. It can be concluded that the limit load analysis works very well. Furthermore, the yield strength of the material should be used as flow stress. T2 - IMECE 2014 - ASME International mechanical engineering congress and exposition CY - Montreal, Quebec, Canada DA - 2014-11-14 PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-7918-4958-3 SP - Paper 36334, 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-32316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Iancu, O.T. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Comparison between analytical and finite element calculation for pressurized container T2 - IMECE 2014 - ASME International mechanical engineering congress and exposition (Proceedings) N2 - The prediction of the plastic collapse load of cylindrical pressure vessels is very often made by using expensive Finite Element Computations. The calculation of the collapse load requires an elastic-plastic material model and the consideration of non-linear geometry effects. The plastic collapse load causes overalls structural instability and cannot be determined directly from a finite element analysis. The ASME (2007) code recommends that the collapse load should be the load for which the numerical solution does not converge. This load can be only determined approximately if a expensive nonlinear analysis consisting of a very large number of sub steps is done. The last load sub step leading to a convergent solution will be taken as the critical load for the structure. In the instability regime no standard finite element solution can be found because of the lack of convergence of the numerical procedure. Other methods for the calculation of the allowable pressure proposed by the ASME code are the elastic stress analysis and the limit load analysis. In the present paper the plastic collapse load for a cylindrical pressure vessel is determined by an analytical method based on a linear elastic perfectly plastic material model. When plasticity occurs the material is considered as incompressible and the tensor of plastic strains is parallel to the stress deviator tensor. In that case the finite stress-strain relationships of Henkel can be used for calculating the pressure for which plastic flow occurs at the inside of the vessel wall or in the case of full plasticity in the wall. The analytical results are fully confirmed by finite element predictions both for axisymmetric and high costs three dimensional models. The analytical model can be used for fast predictions of the allowable load for the design of a large variety of pressure vessels under safety considerations. The accuracy of the predicted collapse load largely depends on the quality of the temperature dependent wall material data used both in the analytical and numerical calculations. T2 - IMECE 2014 - ASME International mechanical engineering congress and exposition CY - Montreal, Quebec, Canada DA - 14.11.2014 PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-7918-4958-3 SP - Paper 36106, 1 EP - 5 PB - Amer soc mechanical engineers CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-32317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - Performance of dangerous goods tanks in a fire - Part II T2 - Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials (FRPM 15) T2 - Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials (FRPM 15) CY - BAM TTS Brandprüfstände (Baruth) DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33651 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Fall- und Brandprüfungen auf dem BAM TTS N2 - Es werden die Prüfmöglichkeiten auf dem BAM TTS des Fachbereiches 3.2 vorgestellt und die technischen Daten bereitgestellt. T2 - 5. RAM-Behältersicherheitstage CY - Berlin DA - 16.03.2016 KW - Brandversuch KW - Fallversuch PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35754 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Simulation eines Poolfeuers im 1m³ Ofen N2 - Zur Charakterisierung von Brandschutzbeschichtungssystemen für Gas- Lagertanks ist ein Großbrandversuch erforderlich. Zur Ermittlung der produktspezifischen Beschichtungsdicke sind Plattenbrandversuche notwendig. Für Brandprüfungen existieren verschiedene Brandkurven (z.B. ETK, Hydrocarbonkurve, Schwelbrandkurve, BAM-Kurve) um Prüfmuster je nach Anwendungsfall zu zertifizieren. Diese Brandkurven unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich des Temperaturgradienten. Zur Gewährleistung der Übertragbarkeit der BAM-Prüföfen (Kleinprüfstand DIN 4102-8 (Klep) und 1-m³ Ofen) auf die NORM ISO 21843 (2018-09) ist es erforderlich einen Wärmeintrag von 90 – 120 kW/m² in das Prüfmuster zu garantieren. T2 - TF-IF CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.09.2019 KW - Brandversuch KW - Fire testing KW - Ofen PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49250 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Balke, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Fire protection systems for above-ground storage tanks T2 - Chemical Engineering Transactions N2 - Liquefied propane gas (LPG) tanks in a fully engulfing accidental fire experience a fast increase in internal pressure. The result is often a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) that can result in a large fireball and flying debris over a radius of more than 100 meters. In the last 30 years BAM has carried out more than 30 real scale fire tests on propane storage vessels across three test sites. The primary research goal was to identify systems that can delay or prevent a BLEVE. Early studies started with water deluge systems, and have since moved on to consider alternative protection systems. It has been shown that an unprotected vessel fails within 10 minutes or less. Tests with different oil and propane fueled fires have given an overview on possible real accidents involving full-engulfing scenarios. LPG tanks of various sizes (2.7 m³, 3.6 m³, 4.8 m³, 6.7 m³) were used with different filling levels. Numerous protection systems, ranging from active systems like water systems to passive thick- and thin-film layers. Also, the degree of thickness of these layers was variated. Pressure relief valves (PRV) have also been investigated, both alone and in combination with protection systems. This paper gives an overview of the work performed by BAM in the field of BLEVE prevention of protecting system since the last 30 years. It has been shown that e.g. with a full applied coating degree on the tank with and without PRV can be reached an exposition in a test fire scenario a duration of more than 60min. For partly coated tanks with and without PRV the duration time is like an unprotected vessel. Furthermore, it could be shown that the active water system also protects with technically correct design. T2 - Loss Prevention 2019 CY - Delft, Niederlande DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Fire KW - Protection systems KW - Propane storage tanks PY - 2019 SN - 978-88-95608-72-3 VL - 75 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-49021 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Fire protection systems for above ground storage tanks N2 - Liquefied propane gas (LPG) tanks in a fully engulfing accidental fire experience a fast increase in internal pressure. The result is often a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) that can result in a large fireball and flying debris over a radius of more than 100 meters. In the last 30 years BAM has carried out more than 30 real scale fire tests on propane storage vessels across three test sites. The primary research goal was to identify systems that can delay or prevent a BLEVE. Early studies started with water deluge systems, and have since moved on to consider alternative protection systems. It has been shown that an unprotected vessel fails within 10 minutes or less. Tests with different oil and propane fueled fires have given an overview on possible real accidents involving full-engulfing scenarios. LPG tanks of various sizes (2.7 m³, 3.6 m³, 4.8 m³, 6.7 m³) were used with different filling levels. Numerous protection systems, ranging from active systems like water systems to passive thick- and thin-film layers. Also, the degree of thickness of these layers was variated. Pressure relief valves (PRV) have also been investigated, both alone and in combination with protection systems. This paper gives an overview of the work performed by BAM in the field of BLEVE prevention of protecting system since the last 30 years. It has been shown that e.g. with a full applied coating degree on the tank with and without PRV can be reached an exposition in a test fire scenario a duration of more than 60min. For partly coated tanks with and without PRV the duration time is like an unprotected vessel. Furthermore, it could be shown that the active water system also protects with technically correct design. T2 - Loss Prevention 2019 CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Fire protection systems KW - Popane storage tanks PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Martínez Madrid, M. T1 - Quasistatic rollover threshold of atmospheric road tankers T2 - CONiiN XVI International Engineering Congress N2 - Several geometrical analytical tools can be used for assessing the potential benefits of any alternative tank shape. The quasistatic evaluation of the cargo-vehicle behavior represents a fast way to objectively determine the roll stability benefits of any potentially new tank shape. In this paper, the geometrical, quasistatic rollover performance of a convex bottom tank shape is compared with that of standard tank shapes, finding that in spite of the lower position of the cargo´s center of gravity in such a tank shape for the un-perturbed condition, it has the same performance as the elliptical tank shape when subjected to Steady lateral acceleration. That as a result of the large cargo´s lateral displacement. Consequently, the combination of a lower center of gravity for the cargo when it is not perturbed, and a Minimum lateral shift due to lateral accelerations inputs, define the conditions for an ideal tank shape. T2 - CONIIN 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.09.2020 KW - Tank shape KW - Road tankers KW - Center of gravity shifting KW - Quasistatic KW - Convex bottom KW - Geometrical analysis PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-51388 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Hildebrand, R. A1 - Romero Navarrete, J. A. A1 - Sklorz, Christian ED - Otremba, Frank T1 - A simplified analytical approach on the dynamic pressures in cylindrical vertical tanks T2 - Transactions on Engineering Technologies N2 - A simplified methodology is proposed to estimate the dynamic pressures developed within partially filled cylindrical vertical tanks when subjected to earthquake-related horizontal accelerations. The total pressure at the bottom of the tank is calculated as the superposition of vertical and horizontal pressures. While the magnitude of the vertical pressure depends on the free surface height of the liquid, the horizontal pressure depends on the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration and on the diameter of the tank. The liquid free surface oscillation angle is simulated based upon the principles of the simple pendulum analogy for sloshing. The length of the pendulum, however, is set on the basis of a methodology to calculate the free sloshing frequency of partially filled containers. Such a methodology is experimentally verified in this work. The outputs of the model for full scale situations, suggest that the lateral perturbation - sloshing phenomenon (earthquake effect) can generate an increase in the total pressure of 56% above the no lateral perturbation situation, further suggesting that such an overpressure should be taken into account when designing tanks that could be potentially subjected to earthquake-related perturbations. KW - Vertical cylindrical tanks KW - Pendulum analogy KW - Experimental approach KW - Sloshing, transition matrix approach KW - Hazmat PY - 2021 SN - 978-981-15-8273-8 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-51982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pötzsch, Sina A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Skoczowsky, Danilo A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Krüger, Simone T1 - Fire protection systems for tanks made of GFRP T2 - IMECE 2017 conference proceedings N2 - The application of lightweight materials for tanks for transportation appears promising. Besides saving weight and therefore transportation costs, new complex geometries that depart from common cylindrical shapes of steel tanks can be manufactured. For transportation of dangerous goods, fire and explosion safety must be maintained to prevent accidents with serious consequences. In this work the fire behavior of lightweight tanks made from glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) with complex geometries is investigated. Pretests on intermediate scale GFRP plates are conducted to identify suitable fire protection systems and surface treatments for composite tanks. The fire resistance is shown to be improved by addition of fire protective coatings and integrated layers. Finally, a complex rectangular GFRP tank with a holding capacity of 1100 liters is fire protected with an intumescent fire coating. The tank is filled up to 80 % with water and burned under an engulfing fully developed fire. It was shown that the intumescent layer could expand before the decomposition of the resin occurred. Furthermore, the adhesion between tank surface and coating was maintained. The structure could withstand a fire for more than 20 min. T2 - ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) 2017 CY - Tampa, Florida, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Lightweight tank KW - Composites in fire KW - GFRP KW - Fire retardants KW - Intumescent layer PY - 2017 SN - 978-0-7918-5849-3 VL - 14 SP - Article UNSP V014T14A017, 1 EP - 6 PB - ASME Press AN - OPUS4-42991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pötzsch, Sina A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Borch, Jörg A1 - Hilse, Thilo A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - The fire resistance of lightweight composite tanks depending on fire protection systems JF - Fire Safety Journal N2 - To save weight and resources lightweight tanks with complex geometries made of glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) are a promising innovation for the transportation of dangerous goods. To realise the use of polymer tanks for such applications, their fire safety must be guaranteed. This paper presents solutions to protect fibre-reinforced plastic tanks from fire. The fire resistance of six GFRP tanks with different fire protection systems was tested in an outdoor full-scale fire test facility according to the regulation stipulated in the ADR (European agreement concerning the national carriage of dangerous goods by road). All tanks feature a complex geometry and a holding capacity of 1100 litres. The fire protection systems are composed of specialised resins as well as two intumescent coatings. All systems had a protective impact. The best results were achieved by the epoxy based intumescent coating, which was able to prolong the time needed to reach 150 °C inside the tank by 20 min. The emergence of a temperature holding point inside the tank due to condensation effects was observed at temperatures around 100 °C. KW - Fire safety composite tanks PY - 2018 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711218301644 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.08.007 SN - 0379-7112 SN - 1873-7226 VL - 100 SP - 118 EP - 127 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-45697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kutz, Philipp A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Werner, Jan A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Development of a Single Walled Tank under Cryogenic Conditions made of Composite T2 - ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2018) N2 - The use of glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) can reduce the weight of tanks significantly. By replacing steel with GRP in tanks for gases (propane, etc.) a weight reduction of up to 50 % was reached. In this project not only the material should be optimized, but also the design. Previous tanks consist of a double-walled structure with an insulation layer between the two shells (e.g. vacuum). Goal of this project is to realize a single-walled construction of GRP with an insulation layer on the outside. To determine the temperature dependent material values, two different experiments are performed: In the first experiment, temperature dependent material properties of liquid nitrogen found in literature research are validated in a simple setup. The level of liquid nitrogen in a small jar is measured over the experiment time. Numerical simulation shows the change of nitrogen level with sufficient precision. In the second experiment, a liquid nitrogen is applied on one side of a GRP plate. Temperature is measured with thermocouples on top and bottom of the GRP plate, as well as in the middle of the plate. By use of numerical simulation, temperature dependent thermal conductivity is determined. In the third experiment, a test stand is designed to examine different insulation materials. In this test stand, the insulation material can easily be changed. A numerical simulation, in which the determined material data is used, is performed as well for this test stand. The experiments show, that GRP can be used in cryogenic environments. Multiphase simulations are a suitable tool to describe the energy absorption of thermal energy due to thermal phase change. Results on different insulation materials will follow. T2 - IMECE 2018 CY - Pittsburgh, PA, USA DA - 09.11.2018 KW - Lightweight design KW - Thermal properties of GRP KW - Liquid nitrogen KW - LNG PY - 2018 UR - http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=2722335 SN - 978-0-7918-5214-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86365 VL - 9 SP - V009T12A019 PB - ASME AN - OPUS4-47321 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sklorz, A1 - Borch, T1 - Stabilitätsprüfung Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststofftanks (GFK-Tanks) JF - Technische Sicherheit N2 - Im folgenden Beitrag wird im Rahmen einer Abnahme vor Inbetriebnahme eines 18 000 Liter fassenden glasfaserverstärkten Kunsstofftanks (GFK-Tank) der integraler Mittelwert einer GFK Tankwandung einem detaillierten Lagenaufbau gegenübergestellt. Ziel ist es, den komplexen Lagenaufbau einer Tankwandung möglichst einfach abzubilden. Dazu werden die notwendigen Materialeigenschaften als integraler Mittelwert berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse der Finite Elemente Analysen (FEA) werden dann mit den Messwerten der Dehnungsmessung validiert. KW - FEM KW - DMS KW - GFK KW - Dehnungsmessung PY - 2018 VL - 8 IS - 11/12 SP - 18 EP - 21 PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-46951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -