TY - CONF A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Angelika A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - New Certified Reference Materials (CRM) of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) for the analysis of non ferrous metals and their alloys T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) AN - OPUS4-931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hioki, A. A1 - Nonose, N. A1 - Liandi, M. A1 - Jingbo, C. A1 - Liuxing, F. A1 - Chao, W. A1 - Cho, K.H. A1 - Suh, J.K. A1 - Min, H.S. A1 - Lim, Y. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - De Sena, R.C. A1 - Dos Reis, L.A. A1 - Borinsky, M. A1 - Puelles, M. A1 - Hatamleh, N. A1 - Acosta, O. A1 - Turk, G. A1 - Rabb, S. A1 - Sturgeon, R. A1 - Methven, B. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Jaehrling, R. A1 - Konopelko, L.A. A1 - Kustikov, Y.A. A1 - Kozyreva, S.B. A1 - Korzh, A.A. T1 - Final report of the key coamparison CCQM-K88: Determination of lead in lead-free solder containing silver and copper N2 - The CCQM-K88 key comparison was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of CCQM to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to measure the mass fraction of lead in lead-free solder containing silver and copper. National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM) and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) acted as the coordinating laboratories. The participants used different measurement methods, though most of them used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or isotope-dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS). Accounting for relative expanded uncertainty, comparability of measurement results was successfully demonstrated by the participating NMIs for the measurement of the mass fraction of lead in lead-free solder at the level of 200 mg/kg. It is expected that metals at mass fractions greater than approximately 100 mg/kg in lead-free solder containing silver and copper can be determined by each participant using the same technique(s) employed for this key comparison to achieve similar uncertainties mentioned in the present report. KW - CCQM KW - Metrology KW - IDMS PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/1A/08002 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 50 IS - 08002, 1A (Technical Supplement 2013) SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-30457 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Referenzmaterialien in der BAM T2 - Deutsch-Chinesische Arbeitsgruppe Produktsicherheit Deutsch-Chinesischer Expertenworkshop zur Spielwarensicherheit CY - BMWi, Berlin DA - 2015-09-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34205 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - The role of primary substances in reference material certification T2 - IInd International Scientific Conference "Reference Materials in Measurement and Technology" CY - Ekaterinburg, Russia DA - 2015-09-14 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34206 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - To gold they tend, on gold depend, all things - Certified reference materials for the analysis of gold-alloys N2 - BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing certified three gold-based reference materials (CRMs) suitable for X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (rose gold, white gold, yellow gold). The mass fractions of the alloying elements gold, silver and partially copper, nickel and zinc were certified. Characterization of the CRMs was performed using wet chemical methods and fire assay. KW - Edelmetalle KW - Referenzmaterialien PY - 2014 SN - 1434-2634 VL - 17 IS - 9-10 SP - 24 EP - 25 PB - GIT Verl. CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-31639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Production of inorganic RM N2 - Beschrieben wird anhand von Beispielen die Vorgehensweise der BAM bei der Zertifizierung von Referenzmaterialien T2 - I4S-Projekttreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.09.2016 KW - Reference materials KW - Ceramics KW - Non-ferrous metals KW - Iron and steel PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Anwendung von RFA und FOES zur Homogenitätsuntersuchung von Referenzmaterialien N2 - Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) produziert seit vielen Jahren zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien und ist seit 2016 auch als Referenzmaterialhersteller nach ISO Guide 34 akkreditiert. Vor jeder Zertifizierungskampagne eines zukünftigen Referenzmaterials, welches im Batch zertifiziert wird, steht ein Homogenitätstest. Dabei spielt die Richtigkeit des verwendeten Analysenverfahrens nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Viel wichtiger ist, dass ein Verfahren mit möglichst hoher Präzision eingesetzt wird. Wichtig ist außerdem, dass die für den Homogenitätstest eingesetzte Probemenge der Mindestmenge des ZRMs bei der zukünftigen analytischen Nutzung des Materials entspricht. Für kompaktes Material bieten sich Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) und Funkenemissionsspektrometrie (FOES) als Analysenverfahren an. Die RFA kann darüber hinaus auch für pulverförmige Materialien eingesetzt werden. Im Vortrag werden verschiedene Beispiele für die Verwendung der genannten Analysenmethoden für Homogenitätsuntersuchungen aus der Praxis eines Referenzmaterialherstellers beschrieben. T2 - 23. Anwendertreffen Röntgenfluoreszenz- und Funkenemissionsspektrometrie CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 01.03.2016 KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Funkenemission KW - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37426 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Non-metals in inorganic reference materials N2 - The analysis of non-metals normally is carried out using elemental analysers which require reference material for calibration. In the lecture the CRM-program of BAM suitable for non-metal-analysis is presented. There are CRMs available with non-metal contents in the low ppm up to the high percent region. T2 - CETAMA 2018 CY - Paris, France DA - 27.11.2018 KW - CRM KW - Non-metals KW - Carbon KW - Sulfur KW - Oxygen KW - Nitrogen KW - Hydrogen KW - Reference material PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Scharf, Holger A1 - Lkhagvasuren, B. A1 - Oyuntungalag, U. A1 - Rausch, J. T1 - Certified reference material for determination of total cyanide in soil [BAM-U116/CGL306] N2 - CRM (Certified Reference Material) BAM-U116/CGL306 “Cyanide in soil” was produced within a framework of cooperation between CGL (Central Geological Laboratory) of Mongolia and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) of Germany in 2013-2017. The CRM BAM-U116/CGL306 represents a mixture of a sandy soil collected from a contaminated former gasworks area in the Berlin region (Germany) and an unpolluted sandy soil from Nalaikh region (Mongolia). The bulk candidate material for this reference material was prepared at CGL CRM Laboratory exclusively destined to the preparation of reference materials and equipped with modern technical equipment. Homogeneity, stability and shelf life were studied in full compliance with ISO Guide 35. The CRM was evaluated as sufficiently homogeneous. Statistical evaluation of certification analysis was software packages SoftCRM and ProLab Plus. Certified value of total cyanide of the CRM is 12.0 mg/kg and expanded uncertainty was assigned as 0.8 mg/kg. The intended purpose of this material is the verification of analytical results obtained for the mass fraction of total cyanide in soils and soil-like materials applying the standardized procedure ISO 11262:2011. As any reference material, it can also be used for routine performance checks (quality control charts) or validation studies. KW - CRM KW - Cyanide in soil KW - Total cyanide PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-469694 DO - https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2018.04.004 SP - 149 EP - 161 PB - David Publishing AN - OPUS4-46969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - A new set of zinc based calibration samples for GD-OES N2 - The analysis of Zinc layers on Iron sheets is one of the most essential application of Glow Discharge - Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES). Since the year 2000 for this application calibration of GD-OES instruments mostly included the set of the six calibration samples CZ 2009-CZ 2014 from CKD. These CRMs are no longer available. Furthermore, in this application the analysis of Al and Mg became essential. To overcome this lack of calibration materials, the working group VDEh FA II.47 decided to organize the production and characterization of a new set of certified reference materials. T2 - BERM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2018 KW - GD-OES KW - CRM KW - Zinc PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46718 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - A new set of zinc based calibration samples for GD-OES N2 - The analysis of Zinc layers on Iron sheets is one of the most essential application of Glow Discharge - Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES). Since the year 2000 for this application calibration of GD-OES instruments mostly included the set of the six calibration samples CZ 2009-CZ 2014 from CKD. These CRMs are no longer available. Furthermore, in this application the analysis of Al and Mg became essential. To overcome this lack of calibration materials, the working group VDEh FA II.47 decided to organize the production and characterization of a new set of certified reference materials. T2 - 4th International Glow Discharge Spectroscopy Symposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.04.2018 KW - GD-OES KW - CRM KW - Zinc PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohlmeyer, R. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Quecksilber-, Cadmium- und Bleigehalte in Gerätebatterien im Lichte der rechtlichen Entwicklungen N2 - Für die Schwermetalle Quecksilber, Cadmium und Blei gibt es aufgrund ihrer Gefährlichkeit gesetzliche Vorgaben für ihre Gehalte beziehungsweise ihre Kennzeichnung in Gerätebatterien. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung hatte im Jahr 2006 rund 140 Gerätebatterien auf ihre Gehalte an diesen drei Metallen analysiert. Nachdem mit dem Batteriegesetz im Jahr 2009 die Grenz- beziehungsweise Schwellenwerte verschärft worden waren, wurde im Jahr 2011 erneut eine Stichprobe von 146 Gerätebatterien - Knopfzellen, Rundzellen, Akkus für Mobiltelefone und 9V-Zink-Kohle-Blöcke verschiedener chemischer Systeme und Hersteller - analysiert. Für die Analysen wurden die Knopfzellen vollständig in Säure aufgelöst, die anderen Batterietypen wurden zunächst mechanisch in ihre Fraktionen zerlegt. Zur Bestimmung der Elemente kamen ICP-MS, Kaltdampf-AAS, ICP-OES und ein automatischer Quecksilberanalysator zur Anwendung. Ergebnisse: Die Schwermetallniveaus änderten sich zwischen 2006 und 2011 insgesamt wenig. Die untersuchten AlMn-Rundzellen und Li-Ion-Akkumulatoren für Mobiltelefone enthielten 2011 die durchschnittlich geringsten Schwermetallgehalte, während die Zink-Kohle-Rundzellen durchschnittlich am stärksten belastet waren, maximal mit 41,4 mg/kg Quecksilber, 170 mg/kg Cadmium beziehungsweise 1958 mg/kg Blei. Außerdem fehlte auf der Hälfte der Batterien die erforderliche Element-Kennzeichnung mit 'Hg' beziehungsweise 'Pb'. PY - 2014 SN - 0027-2957 SN - 1863-9763 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 216 EP - 223 PB - Erich Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-30929 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Zum Golde drängt, am Golde hängt doch alles... - Zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien für die Analyse von Goldlegierungen N2 - Für den Einsatz in der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse hat die BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung drei zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (ZRM) für die Analyse gängiger Goldlegierungen (Rosegold, Weißgold, Gelbgold) herausgegeben. Zertifiziert wurden die Massenanteile der Legierungselemente Gold und Silber sowie teilweise Kupfer, Nickel und Zink. Die Charakterisierung der ZRM ei folgte nasschemisch bzw. dokimastisch. KW - Precious metals KW - Reference materials PY - 2014 SN - 0016-3538 VL - 58 IS - 9 SP - 32 EP - 34 PB - GIT-Verlag CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-31515 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Bleifreie Sanitärwerkstoffe auf Kupferbasis - Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial für die Analyse von Messing N2 - Für den Einsatz in der Funkenemissionsspektrometrie und Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse hat die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) das zertifizierte Referenzmaterial (ZRM) ERM-EB393a für die Analyse von bleifreiem Messing (CuZn21Si3P) herausgegeben. Zertifiziert wurden die Massenanteile der Legierungselemente Kupfer, Silicium und Phosphor sowie der Spuren Blei, Eisen, Zinn, Aluminium, Chrom, Mangan, Nickel, Arsen und Cadmium. Die Charakterisierung des ZRM erfolgte nasschemisch im Ringversuch mit erfahrenen Laboratorien aus der Nichteisenmetallindustrie. KW - Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial KW - ECOBRASS KW - Bleifreies Messing KW - Sanitärwerkstoff PY - 2017 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 79 EP - 81 PB - GDMB Verlag GmbH AN - OPUS4-39679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - The Role of Primary Substances in Reference Material Certification T2 - Conference on Progress in Analytical Chemistry & Materials Characterisation in the Steel and Metals Industries (CETAS 2015) CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 2015-05-19 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33396 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Production of Inorganic RM T2 - Primary Reference Materials and Solutions Stakeholder Workshop and Training Course CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33483 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - BAM: Welche Referenzmaterialien produziert und wie sie zertifiziert werden… N2 - Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) produziert seit über 100 Jahren zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien und ist seit 2016 auch als Referenzmaterialhersteller nach ISO Guide 34 akkredi- tiert. Heute werden eine Vielzahl von Referenzmaterialien aus den Gebieten Eisen/Stahl, Nichteisenmetalle, Keramik, Glas und Umwelt bereitgestellt. Im Vortrag werden die einzelnen Schritte der Referenzmaterialherstellung wie Probenpräparation, Homogenitätsuntersuchung und Zertifizierungsringversuch vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Fragen der Zertifizierungsstrategie und Rückführbarkeit diskutiert. T2 - Seminar "Verbrennungsanalyse" CY - Velen, Germany DA - 20.06.2017 KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Homogenität KW - Rückführbarkeit PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40960 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Analysis of a copper alloy: Comité Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matière (CCQM) pilot study P76 international intercomparison N2 - The capabilities of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and selected outside “expert” laboratories of determining the mass fractions of the main and minor elements Cu, Pb, Sn, Fe, and Ni in a lead-containing brass were assessed. This pilot study P76 was organized as an activity of the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of CCQM and was piloted by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). In total 12 laboratories (four NMIs and eight outside labs) submitted results, some of them more than one set of results per element. The laboratories were free to choose any analytical method they wanted to use for the analysis. Consequently various methods of measurement were employed: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA), titrimetry, flame atomic-absorption spectrometry (FAAS), spectrophotometry (MAS), electrogravimetry, and gravimetric analysis. After testing for homogeneity within BAM, a certified reference material of lead-containing brass was used as test sample without informing the participants about the source of the material. The agreement of the results for all elements investigated was acceptable and mean values calculated from the results of all participants were close to the certified mass fractions of the CRM used as test sample. No statistically significant differences between the results of the NMIs and those of the non-NMIs could be observed. KW - Copper alloy KW - Brass KW - International intercomparison KW - Consultative committee for amount of substance - metrology in chemistry (CCQM) KW - Pilot study PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-008-0393-7 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 13 IS - 8 SP - 433 EP - 441 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-17796 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Noack, Siegfried A1 - Steiger, Thomas A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - International comparability of determination of mass fractions of chromium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc in aluminium alloy: Comité consultatif pour la quantité de matière key comparison K42 N2 - The degree of equivalence within the participating national metrology institutes for the measurement results of the mass fractions of the analytes Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in an aluminium alloy was assessed. This interlaboratory comité consultatif pour la quantité de matière key comparison (CCQM-K42) was organised as an activity of the Inorganic Analytical Working Group of CCQM. In total seven laboratories participated, six of them for all analytes. Measurands were the mass fractions of the analytes in a range of 0.05 and 0.2%. As an outcome the consistency of the results for all elements investigated was acceptable, hence satisfactory comparability was established. An aluminium based certified reference material—undisclosed to the analysts which one it was—was used as test sample. For the purpose of this study homogeneity was tested at BAM. Each laboratory was free to choose any analytical method they wanted to use for the analysis. Consequently various methods of measurement were employed: instrumental neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) using fused cast-bead method combined with reconstitution technique, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Metrological traceability of the measurement results to the SI unit had to be demonstrated. Therefore, methods such as spark OES or XRF (without fused cast-bead technique)—both of them being most important methods for the analysis of metals and alloys in industrial laboratories—could not be used in the frame of the key comparison. KW - Aluminium alloy KW - International comparison KW - CCQM-K42 KW - Key comparison PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-010-0641-5 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 401 EP - 407 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-21628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Herstellung und Verwendung metallischer zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien T2 - 17. Anwendertreffen Röntgenfluoreszenz- und Funkenemissionsspektrometrie CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 2010-03-08 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21162 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Normen für die chemische Analytik T2 - Mittelstandskonferenz "Erfolgsfaktor Normung" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-04-07 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17528 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Michaelis, Matthias T1 - Certification of the mass fractions of Pt, Pd and Rh in a used car catalyst reference material N2 - The high economic value of catalysts containing the platinum group elements platinum, rhodium and palladium as active components causes the need to be able to measure the precious metal loading with small uncertainty and to have suitable certified reference materials fulfilling high demands on the quality of the certified values. In European Reference Material ERM®-EB504, a used cordierite-based car catalyst material, mass fractions of platinum, palladium and rhodium were certified. The raw material was milled, homogenised and annealed before analysis. Seventeen laboratories experienced in precious metals analysis participated in the certification interlaboratory comparison, most of them analysing with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry using different sample pretreatment techniques. Homogeneity testing was carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The certified mass fractions of Pt, Pd and Rh and their expanded uncertainties (k = 2) in ERM®-EB504 are (1777 ± 15), (279 ± 6) and (338 ± 4) mg/kg respectively. KW - Precious metals KW - CRM KW - European reference material KW - Platinum KW - Rhodium KW - Palladium KW - ICP OES PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-009-0508-9 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 277 EP - 280 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-19349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Lange, Britta A1 - Hoppe, Marion T1 - Traceable analysis of impurities in metallic reference materials using GD-MS N2 - The traceabiiity requirements for certification analyses of reference materials are much more stringent than for routine analysis, where certified matrix reference materials (CRM) can be used for calibration and to establish traceabiiity. Although the ISO-Guides related to CRM production and certification are not fully clear concerning calibration, many established CRM-producers do not accept matrix-CRMs for calibration in case of certification analyses, e.g. to avoid circular reasoning. These requirements limit the methods used for certification to those that can be calibrated using Standards of known high purity and stoichiometry or mixtures of such Standards. Powerful solid sampling techniques such as glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) or spark-optical emission spectrometry (SOES), where usually compact CRMs are used for calibration, seem not be applicable for certification analyses. Especially GD-MS is a powerful tool for trace element determination of solid samples. Beside metallic impurities the use of specific gas mixtures enables also the determination of interesting nonmetallic impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. Within BAM a calibration approach, was developed which enables to use mixtures of Standards of known high purity and stoichiometry also for GD-MS. Analogue to matrix adaption in solution based techniques, the calibration approach is based on doped pressed powder pellets. Approach and application on the certification analyses of copper and Steel CRMs are presented. T2 - CETAS 2011 - 8th International workshop on progress in analytical chemistry & materials characterisation in the steel and metal industries CY - Luxembourg, Luxembourg DA - 17.05.2011 PY - 2011 IS - OC53 SP - 361 EP - 365 AN - OPUS4-23762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certified Reference Materials for the analysis of iron and steel products (EURONORM-CRMS) - Preparation, Certification, Programme T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the new Millenium (BAM-EUROLAB-EURACHEM) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-3364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Neue zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien für die Analyse von Kupferlegierungen zur Herstellung der EURO-Münzen KW - ZRM KW - Kupferlegierungen KW - EURO-Münzen KW - Zertifizierung PY - 2004 SN - 0026-0746 VL - 58 IS - 11 SP - 712 EP - 716 PB - Giesel Verlag GmbH CY - Isernhagen AN - OPUS4-4649 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Rückführbare Ionenanalytik mit Hilfe zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien N2 - Die Norm ISO/IEC 17025, die im Allgemeinen die Grundlage der Laborakkreditierung darstellt, verlangt u.a. auch die Rückführung analytischer Ergebnisse auf SI-Einheiten (SI: Système internationale d'unités). Dazu bieten sich im Prinzip zwei Wege an: 1. Verwendung von Primärnormalen zur Kalibrierung oder von Primärmethoden, 2. Verwendung von zertifizierten Referenzmaterialien. Die Verwendung von zertifizierten Referenzmaterialien (ZRM) setzt voraus, dass diesen ZRM ein (oder mehrere) auf SI rückführbarer zertifizierter Wert (z.B. Massenanteil) mit dazugehöriger Unsicherheit zugewiesen wurde. Ein möglicher Weg, dies zu erreichen, der von BAM und EMPA in Zusammenarbeit mit der Fa. Fluka für Kalibrierstandards (Anionen- und Kationenlösungen, Urtitersubstanzen) beschritten wurde, wird hier beschrieben. Zertifiziert wurden - Kationen-Standardlösungen (1000 mg/L) für Spektrometrie - Anionen-Standardlösungen (1000 mg/kg) für Ionenchromatographie - Urtitersubstanzen (> 99,5 %) für Titrimetrie Die Materialien wurden bei Fluka hergestellt, die Überprüfung der Homogenität der abgefüllten Charge erfolgte bei der EMPA. SI-rückführbare Zertifizierungsanalysen wurden in der EMPA sowie in der BAM mit zwei unterschiedlichen analytischen Methoden durchgeführt. Dabei kamen neben spektrometrischen und chromatographischen Verfahren auch klassische Methoden wie Titrimetrie und in Einzelfällen Gravimetrie zum Einsatz. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden Messverfahren, Berechnung der Messunsicherheit und Rückführung auf SI gezeigt. T2 - CIA-Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-04-06 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-5544 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Rückführbare Ionenanalytik mit Hilfe zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien T2 - Tag der Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-06-08 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7425 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Standards for Metal-analysis T2 - Metrologieseminar des SIM (Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia) CY - Santiago de Chile, Chile DA - 2002-10-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Das Referenzmaterialprogramm der Abteilung I - neue Entwicklungen T2 - 17. Sitzung des Beraterkreisses der Abteilung I CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3729 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Qualitätskontrolle mittels zertifizierter Referenzmaterialen T2 - GDCh Fortbildung "Qualitätssicherung im analytischen Labor" II CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2003-10-28 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3730 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Measurement of Nitrogen in steel by Carrier Gas Hot Extraction - a Challenge in Calibrationn T2 - 6th International Workshop on Progress in Analytical Chemistry in the Steel and Metals Industries CY - Luxembourg City, Luxembourg DA - 2003-05-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Zschunke, Adolf T1 - Introduction to 4E/RM/069rev 5 and 4E/RM/072 N2 - Reliable and efficient methods for detecting genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are essential for establishing an effective system for traceability all along the supply chain from seed producers to final consumers. The latter is especially meaningful in European Union and other countries where strict legislations on GMOs were set up. Performance of the methods used in laboratories around the world should be uniform, in order to obtain reliable and comparable results. Accreditation is a suitable system for harmonising procedures in each testing laboratory. In this paper, key elements for the accreditation of molecular biology methods for GMO detection according to ISO/IEC 17025 are described. The procedures described are also valuable for the accreditation of molecular methods for all laboratory diagnostics where qualitative and quantitative characterisation of nucleic acids is needed. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0074-8 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 8 IS - 11 SP - 532 EP - 534 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Presentation about recent activities of the EURONORM-CRM producers group including future requirements in the iron and steel industry T2 - 6th International Workshop on Progress in Analytical Chemistry in the Steel and Metals Industries CY - Luxembourg City, Luxembourg DA - 2002-05-14 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-2944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hioki, A. A1 - Kurahashi, M. A1 - Turk, G. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - CCQM-K33 Final Report - Determination of minor elements in steel N2 - The key comparison CCQM-K33 was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the CCQM to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to measure the mass fractions of minor elements in steel. Elements to be analysed were Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo in low alloy steel. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) acted as the coordinating laboratories. The participants used various measurement methods, though many of them used ICP-AES. Generally speaking, the agreement of the results was very good for each measurand. PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/1A/08007 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 43 IS - Technical Supplement 1A 08007 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-12349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Meckelburg, Angela ED - Angeli, J. T1 - Determination of nitrogen in ferritic electric heating steel ECRM 299-1 T2 - 7th International Workshop "Progress in Analytical Chemistry in the Steel and Metal Industries" CY - Luxembourg DA - 2006-05-16 PY - 2006 SN - 3-7739-6016-6 SP - 409 EP - 413 PB - VGE Verl. GmbH CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-12443 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Determination of nitrogen in ferritic electric heating steel ECRM 299-1 T2 - CETAS Conference Progress in Analytical Chemistry in the Steel and Metals Industry CY - Luxembourg City, Luxembourg DA - 2006-05-16 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Britta A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Meier, Klaus T1 - Preparation and analysis of a reference material for the measurement of oxygen in copper N2 - The preparation and analysis of the oxygen mass fraction of three pure copper reference materials (BAM-379/1, BAM-379/2, BAM-379/3) intended for the calibration of spark emission spectrometry are described here. Data of homogeneity testing and round robin certification in collaboration with 12 independent laboratories from metalworking industry and research are reported. Problems with the establishment of traceability in this special case are discussed. KW - Determination of oxygen KW - Copper KW - Reference material KW - Certification PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-001-0413-3 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-10994 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certified reference materials for metal analysis certification approach and trends T2 - 13th International Conference on ultra high-purity base metals CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-11 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13481 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Lange, Britta T1 - Neues zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial für die Analyse von Verunreinigungen in Reinzink KW - Zertifizierung KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Zink KW - Feinzink PY - 2006 SN - 0026-0746 VL - 60 IS - 12 SP - 799 EP - 803 PB - Giesel Verlag GmbH CY - Isernhagen AN - OPUS4-14428 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certified reference materials of BAM - general and specific aspects T2 - GDMB-BleifachausschussTagung CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2007-05-03 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14634 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certification of Pt, Pd and Rh in a used car catalyst reference material T2 - EuroAnalysis XIV CY - Antwerp, Belgium DA - 2007-09-09 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certification of a set of pure copper reference materials - analytical challenges and pitfalls N2 - 22 trace elements in a set of six pure copper reference materials intended for the calibration of spark emission and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers were analysed in a certification interlaboratory comparison using different analytical methods. He materials was prepared by alloying different quantities of the interesting elements Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Te, Ti, Zn, and Zr to a pure copper to get reference samples with graded element mass fractions. Results and problems of the analytical determinations performed during the interlaboratory comparison for certification are presented. Special regard is paid to the dissolution procedure of the copper matrix and interferences from insoluble residues. Additionally questions related to the traceability of the certified values are discussed since solid sampling methods were also used for certification analysis of some elements. T2 - Euroanalysis XIV CY - Antwerp, Belgium DA - 2007-09-09 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15823 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Breitenbach, Martin A1 - Pautz, Joachim A1 - Lück, Detlef T1 - Purity of potassium hydrogen phthalate, determination with precision coulometric and volumetric titration-A comparison N2 - The mass fraction of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) from a specific batch was certified as an acidimetric standard. Two different analytical methods on a metrological level were used to carry out certification analysis: precision constant current coulometric and volumetric titration with NaOH. It could be shown that with a commercial automatic titration system in combination with a reliable software for the end-point detection it is possible to produce equivalent results with the same accuracy in comparison to a definite method handled by a fundamental apparatus for traceable precision coulometry. Prerequisite for titrations are that a high number of single measurement are applied which are calibrated with a high precision certified reference material. KW - Potassium hydrogen phthalate KW - Precision constant current coulometry KW - Volumetric titration KW - Certified reference material PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.062 SN - 0003-2670 SN - 1873-4324 SN - 0378-4304 VL - 599 IS - 2 SP - 256 EP - 263 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-15816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certified reference materials of BAM - general and specific aspects T2 - LGC-Seminar CY - Manchester, England DA - 2007-10-16 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15919 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certification of Pt, Pd and Rh in a used car catalyst reference material T2 - IGAS-Jahrestagung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-11-08 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Certification of a set of pure copper reference materials - analytical challenges and pitfalls T2 - IGAS-Jahrestagung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-11-08 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16246 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Richter, Andrea T1 - Überprüfung der Schwermetallgehalte von Batterien - Analyse von repräsentativen Proben handelsüblicher Batterien und in Geräten verkaufter Batterien - Erstellung eines Probenahmeplans, Probenbeschaffung und Analytik (Hg, Pb, Cd) - Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FuE-Vorhaben, Förderkennzeichen 205 35 312 N2 - Situationsbeschreibung bezüglich der Einhaltung der Schwermetallverbote der Batterieverordnung zu erhalten. Nach geltenden Vorschriften dürfen die Gehalte folgende Grenzwerte nicht überschreiten: 5 ppm Quecksilber (Hg; Knopfzellen: 20000 ppm Hg), 250 ppm Cadmium (Cd) und 4000 ppm Blei (Pb). Dazu wurden Mignon-Zellen (Alkali-Mangan, Zink-Kohle), Monozellen (Alkali-Mangan, Zink-Kohle), Knopfzellen verschiedener chemischer Systeme (Alkali-Mangan, Zink-Luft, Lithium, Silberoxid), eingebaute Batterien (herausnehmbar und fest eingebaut) von unterschiedlichen Herstellern aus unterschiedlichen Orten sowie Bezugsquellen auf ihren Gehalt an Cadmium, Blei und Quecksilber untersucht. Von jedem Batterietyp wurden zwei Exemplare, insgesamt 310 Proben analysiert. Anhand eines Probenahmeplans wurden Batterien in vier Regionen Deutschlands im Einzelhandel, bei Straßenhändlern sowie auf Flohmärkten und im Versandhandel käuflich erworben. Für Rundzellen (Alkali-Mangan, Zink-Kohle) sowie Knopfzellen (Zink-Luft, Lithium, Silberoxid, Alkali- Mangan) wurden unterschiedliche Analysenstrategien entwickelt. So wurden die Knopfzellen nach Möglichkeit komplett gelöst und analysiert, bei den Rundzellen kam nur eine mechanische Zerlegung mit anschließender Analyse von Teilproben in Frage. Die Knopfzellen sowie die Teilproben der Rundzellen wurden mit Hilfe eines Säureaufschlusses mit Mikrowelle gelöst, zur Bestimmung der Elemente wurden abhängig vom Gehalt ICP-MS, ICP OES sowie ein automatischer Quecksilberanalysator verwendet, einzelne unlösliche Graphitteile aus Zink-Kohle Batterien wurden mit direkter Feststoff-ICP OES analysiert. Als Ergebnis der Studie wurde erhalten, dass nur in zwei von 155 untersuchten Batterietypen der Gehalt an Quecksilber leicht oberhalb des Grenzwertes von 2 % lag, für Blei und Cadmium wurden keine Grenzwertüberschreitungen festgestellt. Bei den beiden Batterien, bei denen eine Grenzwertüberschreitung vorlag, handelte es sich um Zink-Luft-Knopfzellen, die vom Hersteller als Hgfrei deklariert waren. Unterschiede nach Bezugsort von Batterien desselben Typs und Herstellers bzw. nach verschiedenen Größen von Batterien desselben chemischen Systems eines Herstellers konnten nicht gefunden werden. KW - Zink-Luft KW - Lithium KW - Silberoxid KW - Alkali-Mangan KW - Zink-Kohle KW - Knopfzellen KW - Rundzellen KW - Batterie KW - Schwermetallbestimmung KW - Cadmium KW - Blei KW - Quecksilber KW - Zinc-air KW - Silver oxide KW - Alkaline/Manganese KW - Zinc/Carbon KW - Button cell KW - Battery KW - Determination of heavy metals KW - Cadmium KW - Lead KW - Mercury PY - 2007 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ueberpruefung-schwermetallgehalte-von-batterien SP - 1 EP - 71 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-16679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Richter, Andrea T1 - Survey of Heavy Metal Content of Batteries - Analysis of Representative Samples of Customary Batteries and Batteries Sold in Appliances - Preparation of a Sampling Plan, Purchase of Samples and Analysis (Hg, Pb, Cd) - Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FuE-Vorhaben, Förderkennzeichen 205 35 312 N2 - The aim of the project was to describe the situation concerning the compliance with the existing limits for heavy metal content in commercially available batteries in Germany on the basis of a representative sample. The allowed limits which not have to be exceeded are: 5 ppm of mercury (Hg; button cells: 20000 ppm Hg), 250 ppm of cadmium (Cd) and 4000 ppm of lead (Pb). Several batteries of different size such as „AA“ batteries (alkaline/manganese, zinc/carbon), „D“ batteries (alkaline/manganese, zinc/carbon) and button cells of different chemical systems (zinc-air; lithium; alkaline/manganese, silver oxide) were analysed for cadmium, lead and mercury. The test batteries came from different producers and were bought on different places in Germany. From each battery type two specimen were investigated, in total 294 samples. Following a sampling plan the batteries were purchased in four regions in Germany by retail, by mail order or on flew markets. Different strategies for the analysis of „AA“ and „D“ batteries (alkaline/manganese, zinc/carbon) and for button cells (alkaline/manganese, zinc-air, lithium, silver oxide) were developed. Button cells were dissolved completely whenever possible. From the bigger types only subspecimens were analysed after mechanical destruction. Button cells and the subspecimens of the bigger batteries were decomposed with acid in a microwave oven. For the analysis of the heavy metals ICP-MS, ICP OES and an automatic mercury analyser were used depending on the content of the interesting element. Some graphite parts from zinc/carbon batteries were analysed using solid sampling ICP OES. The result of the study was that only two of 147 batteries had Hg-contents slightly higher than the limit of 2 %. Pb- and Cd-contents were below the limits for all batteries investigated. The two batteries with higher Hg-contents were both zinc-air button cells declared by the manufacturer to be mercury-free. Differences between batteries of the same kind and producer purchased at different places or between batteries of different size but same producer and same chemical system could not be detected. KW - Zinc-air KW - Lithium KW - Silver oxide KW - Alkaline/manganese KW - Zinc/Carbon KW - Button cell KW - Battery KW - Determination of heavy metals KW - Cadmium KW - Lead KW - Mercury PY - 2007 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/survey-of-heavy-metal-content-of-batteries SP - 1 EP - 68 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-16680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienold, Julia A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Scharf, Holger A1 - Hoppe, Marion A1 - Michaelis, Matthias T1 - Elemental analysis of printed circuit boards considering the ROHS regulations N2 - The EU RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council) bans the placing of new electrical and electronic equipment containing more than agreed levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants on the EU market. It necessitates methods for the evaluation of RoHS compliance of assembled electronic equipment. In this study mounted printed circuit boards from personal computers were analyzed on their content of the three elements Cd, Pb and Hg which were limited by the EU RoHS directive. Main focus of the investigations was the influence of sample pre-treatment on the precision and reproducibility of the results. The sample preparation steps used were based on the guidelines given in EN 62321. Five different types of dissolution procedures were tested on different subsequent steps of sample treatment like cutting and milling. Elemental analysis was carried out using ICP–OES, XRF and CV–AFS (Hg). The results obtained showed that for decision-making with respect to RoHS compliance a size reduction of the material to be analyzed to particles ≤1.5 mm can already be sufficient. However, to ensure analytical results with relative standard deviations of less than 20%, as recommended by the EN 62321, a much larger effort for sample processing towards smaller particle sizes might be required which strongly depends on the mass fraction of the element under investigation. KW - RoHS KW - Printed circuit boards KW - Electrotechnical products KW - Elemental composition PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.002 SN - 0956-053X VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 530 EP - 535 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-23986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Traceable Analysis of Impurities in Metallic Reference Materials using GD-MS T2 - CETAS 2011 - Progress in Analytical Chemistry & Materials Characterisation in the Steel and Metals Industries CY - Luxembourg City, Luxembourg DA - 2011-05-17 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23807 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Reeb, P. A1 - Schlothmann, B.-J. T1 - Referenzmaterialien in der Eisen- und Stahlindustrie N2 - Die regelmäßige und korrekte Verwendung von Referenzmaterialien (RM) und zertifizierten Referenzmaterialien (ZRM) und die damit gewährleistete Rückführung der Messergebnisse auf anerkannte Bezugsgrößen (Standards) setzt sich, nicht zuletzt durch die Anforderungen der ISO/IEC 17025, zunehmend durch. Die Zuverlässigkeit und Richtigkeit von Messergebnissen hängt wesentlich von der Verfügbarkeit von Referenzmaterialien ab. Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial (ZRM) ist damit für die Analytik ein unentbehrliches Hilfsmittel geworden. PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-514-00788-8 SP - 98 EP - 112 PB - Stahlbau-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-25148 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -