TY - CHAP A1 - Schießl, P. A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Adam, G. A1 - Rößler, G. A1 - Schröder, P. A1 - Schwamborn, B. A1 - Wallner, B. A1 - Wiegrink, K. ED - Zilch, K. ED - Diederichs, C. J. T1 - Baustoffe PY - 2002 SN - 3-540-65760-6 IS - Kap. 3.1 SP - 3-3-3-60 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2070 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waegner, M. A1 - Schröder, M. A1 - Suchaneck, G. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Weimann, Christiane A1 - Eng, L. M. A1 - Gerlach, G. T1 - Enhanced piezoelectric response in nano-patterned lead zirconate titanate thin films N2 - In this work, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films were used to fabricate well-ordered nanodot arrays by means of nanosphere lithography. This technique is based on a two-step etch process that enables excellent control of the fabrication of ordered nanodisc arrays of defined height, diameter, and pitch. Piezoresponse force microscopy was used to investigate both non-patterned and patterned films. The topography and both the out-of-plane and the in-plane polarization were deduced in this mode. Grains of nanodots with a low aspect ratio form domain structures comparable to domains in non-patterned two-dimensional films. In contrast, nanodots with a higher aspect ratio form particular structures like bi-sectioned domain assemblies, c-shaped domains or multi-domains surrounding a center domain. The patterning of the ferroelectric material was shown to affect the formation of ferroelectric domains. The initial polycrystalline films with random polarization orientation re-orient upon patterning and then show domain structures dependent on the nanodisc diameter and aspect ratio. KW - Nanostructures KW - Ferroelectric KW - Nanodots PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.51.11PG04 SN - 0021-4922 VL - 51 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-27697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waegner, M. A1 - Schröder, M. A1 - Suchaneck, G. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Weimann, Christiane A1 - Eng, L. M. A1 - Gerlach, G. T1 - Domain formation in nano-patterned PZT thin films N2 - In this work, reactive magnetron-sputtered Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films were used to fabricate well-ordered nanodot arrays by means of nanosphere lithography (NSL). NSL is based on a two-step etch process by means of, firstly adjusting the diameter of polystyrene spheres in the self-assembled polymeric nanosphere mask using reactive ion etching, and secondly transferring the mask to the substrate by ion milling with adjusted heights. Hence, structures with different aspect ratios can be fabricated. Piezoresponse force microscopy was used as the inspection tool on both non-patterned and patterned films. Both the topography and polarization out of plane and in plane was deduced in this mode. Grains of nanodots with low aspect ratio form domain structures comparable to domains in non-patterned films. In contrast to that, nanodots with a higher aspect ratio form particular structures. The in-plane amplitude images show mostly a bisectioned domain assembly, while the out-of-plane amplitude images show in some cases more complex structures like 'c'-shaped domains or multi-domains around a center domain. The patterning of the ferroelectric material was shown to affect the formation of ferroelectric domains. The initial polycrystalline, randomly-ordered films are re-oriented and show domain structures depending on nanodisc diameter and aspect ratio. This may enable tailoring of ferroelectric materials in their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties by patterning. T2 - MRS Spring Meeting 2012 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 09.04.2012 KW - Nanostructure KW - Piezoresponse KW - Ferroelectric KW - Piezo response force microscopy KW - Nanodots PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1230 SN - 1946-4274 SN - 0272-9172 VL - 1454 SP - 267 EP - 272 PB - North-Holland CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-26521 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Jakob A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Luzin, V. A1 - Abreu Faria, G. A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Polatidis, E. A1 - Čapek, J. A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Dovzhenko, G. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Texture-based residual stress analysis of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 parts N2 - Although layer-based additive manufacturing methods such as laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) offer an immense geometrical freedom in design, they are typically subject to a build-up of internal stress (i.e. thermal stress) during manufacturing. As a consequence, significant residual stress (RS) is retained in the final part as a footprint of these internal stresses. Furthermore, localized melting and solidification inherently induce columnar-type grain growth accompanied by crystallographic texture. Although diffraction-based methods are commonly used to determine the RS distribution in PBF-LB parts, such features pose metrological challenges in their application. In theory, preferred grain orientation invalidates the hypothesis of isotropic material behavior underlying the common methods to determine RS. In this work, more refined methods are employed to determine RS in PBF-LB/M/IN718 prisms, based on crystallographic texture data. In fact, the employment of direction-dependent elastic constants (i.e. stress factors) for the calculation of RS results in insignificant differences from conventional approaches based on the hypothesis of isotropic mechanical properties. It can be concluded that this result is directly linked to the fact that the {311} lattice planes typically used for RS analysis in nickel-based alloys have high multiplicity and less strong texture intensities compared with other lattice planes. It is also found that the length of the laser scan vectors determines the surface RS distribution in prisms prior to their removal from the baseplate. On removal from the baseplate the surface RS considerably relaxes and/or redistributes; a combination of the geometry and the scanning strategy dictates the sub-surface RS distribution. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Electron backscattered diffraction KW - Principal stress KW - Residual stress PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578331 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723004855 SN - 1600-5767 VL - 56 IS - Pt 4 SP - 1076 EP - 1090 AN - OPUS4-57833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Klingenberg, G. A1 - Möller, W. A1 - Reski, S. A1 - Schulz, P. A1 - Sturm, R. A1 - Weber, F. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase N2 - Anwender in Industrie, Handel, Handwerk und Behörden benötigen verlässliche, von Fachleuten bewertete Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes, um Brand- und Explosionsgefahren beim Verarbeiten, Abfüllen, Lagern, Befördern und Entsorgen brennbarer Stoffe beurteilen und angemessene Schutzmaßnahmen ergreifen zu können. Schon früher hat die Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Tabellenwerke herausgegeben, die solche Daten zur Verfügung stellten. Darauf aufbauend wurde 1989 gemeinsam mit der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und der Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. (DECHEMA) die Datenbank CHEMSAFE erstellt. CHEMSAFE enthält bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von brennbaren Flüssigkeiten, Gasen und Stäuben. Die Bewertung der brennbaren Gase und Stäube erfolgt durch die BAM, die der brennbaren Flüssigkeiten durch die PTB. CHEMSAFE dient nun als Grundlage, um dem Wunsch nach Daten in gedruckter Form nachzukommen. Die im Tabellenwerk bei Drucklegung wiedergegebenen Kenngrößen entsprechen dem Update 2002 der Datenbank CHEMSAFE. Das neue Tabellenwerk "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen", das auf den empfohlenen Werten aus CHEMSAFE beruht, erscheint in zwei Bänden. Der erste Band "Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase" wird von der PTB herausgegeben, der zweite Band "Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen" von der BAM. KW - Tabellenwerk KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Brennbare Flüssigkeiten KW - Brennbare Gase PY - 2003 SN - 3-89701-745-8 VL - 1 SP - 1 EP - 603 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-48659 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Dióspatonyi, I. A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Möller, W. T1 - Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen T1 - Explosion regions of gas mixtures N2 - Das Tabellenwerk "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen" ist in zwei Bänden herausgegeben worden. Während im ersten Band "Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase" vorrangig die sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen reiner Stoffe im Gemisch mit Luft behandelt werden, stehen im Band 2 "Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen" die Eigenschaften von Gemischen aus Brenngas, Oxidator und Inertgas im Mittelpunkt. Damit soll erstmals dem Wunsch von Industrie und Behörden entsprochen werden, in einem Tabellenwerk komplette Datensätze zu den Explosionsbereichen von Stoffgemischen in gedruckter Form zur Verfügung zu stellen. Den Explosionsdiagrammen kann man die Zusammensetzung von explosionsfähigen Gemischen entnehmen. Sie sind damit Grundlage für Maßnahmen des primären Explosionsschutzes, z. B. für die Inertisierung. Die Daten für die Explosionsdiagramme wurden überwiegend der Datenbank CHEMSAFE, Update 2008, entnommen. Diese Datenbank, die gemeinsam von der Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. (DECHEMA), der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) sowie der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) herausgegeben wird, enthält von Fachleuten bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen. Die Kenngrößen brennbarer Flüssigkeiten werden traditionell von der PTB, die Kenngrößen brennbarer Gase und Stäube sowie die entsprechenden Explosionsdiagramme werden von der BAM bearbeitet, die auch den zweiten Band dieses Tabellenwerkes herausgibt. N2 - The data book "Safety Characteristic Data" is published in two volumes. In the first volume "Flammable Liquids and Gases", the safety characteristics of pure substances in mixture with air have been published. In Volume 2 "Explosion Regions of Gas Mixtures", the properties of gaseous fuel/inert gas/oxidiser mixtures are in the centre of interest. For the first time, complete data sets of the explosion regions of gaseous mixtures are available in a printed format as needed by authorities and industry. Dangerous explosive compositions can be detected by such explosion diagrams. Therefore, they are the basis for primary explosion protection, e. g. to prevent explosive mixtures by inertisation. The explosion diagram data sets mainly come from the CHEMSAFE database, 2008. This database is published by Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. (Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, DECHEMA), Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). It contains evaluated safety characteristics. Traditionally, the characteristics of flammable liquids are evaluated by experts of PTB, and those of flammable gases and dusts as well as explosion diagrams by experts at BAM, who is the publisher of this second volume. KW - Tabellenwerk KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsbereiche KW - Gasgemische KW - Data book KW - Safety characteristic data KW - Explosion regions KW - Gas mixtures PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-86509-856-6 N1 - Dokument in Deutsch und Englisch - Document in German and English VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 539 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven ET - 2 AN - OPUS4-48660 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Dióspatonyi, I. A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Möller, W. T1 - Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen N2 - Das Tabellenwerk "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen" ist in zwei Bänden herausgegeben worden. Während im ersten Band "Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase" vorrangig die sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen reiner Stoffe im Gemisch mit Luft behandelt werden, stehen im Band 2 "Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen" die Eigenschaften von Gemischen aus Brenngas, Oxidator und Inertgas im Mittelpunkt. Damit soll erstmals dem Wunsch von Industrie und Behörden entsprochen werden, in einem Tabellenwerk komplette Datensätze zu den Explosionsbereichen von Stoffgemischen in gedruckter Form zur Verfügung zu stellen. Den Explosionsdiagrammen kann man die Zusammensetzung von explosionsfähigen Gemischen entnehmen. Sie sind damit Grundlage für Maßnahmen des primären Explosionsschutzes, z. B. für die Inertisierung. Die Daten für die Explosionsdiagramme wurden überwiegend der Datenbank CHEMSAFE, Update 2002, entnommen. Diese Datenbank, die gemeinsam von der Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. (DECHEMA), der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) sowie der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) herausgegeben wird, enthält von Fachleuten bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen. Die Kenngrößen brennbarer Flüssigkeiten werden traditionell von der PTB, die Kenngrößen brennbarer Gase und Stäube sowie die entsprechenden Explosionsdiagramme werden von der BAM bearbeitet, die auch den zweiten Band dieses Tabellenwerkes herausgibt. KW - Tabellenwerk KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsbereiche KW - Gasgemische PY - 2003 SN - 3-89701-746-6 VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 360 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-48666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barbier, J.-P. A1 - Bissolotti, G. A1 - Christian, S. A1 - Cleaver, K. A1 - Heller, D. A1 - Injaian, M. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Witte, F. T1 - Safe preparation of compressed oxidant-fuel gas mixtures in cylinders KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Biogas KW - Explosionsgrenzen KW - Prozesssicherheit PY - 2007 IS - 139/07/E SP - 1 EP - 36 PB - European Industrial Gases Association (EIGA) CY - Brussels AN - OPUS4-16501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barbe, J. A1 - Barbier, J.-P. A1 - Currie, J. A1 - Jourdan, A. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schwarze, T. A1 - Stianchie, G. T1 - Code of practice - Compressed fluorine and mixtures with inert gases KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Industriegase KW - Prozesssicherheit KW - Materialkompatibilität PY - 2007 IS - 140/07/E SP - 1 EP - 28 PB - European Industrial Gases Association (EIGA) CY - Brussels AN - OPUS4-16661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Lorenz, Edelgard A1 - Bahr, Horst A1 - Seifert, Ingetraut A1 - Neyen, Volker A1 - Hofmann, Silvia A1 - Strauß, Birgid A1 - Volland, G. A1 - Lange, B. T1 - Untersuchungen zum Langzeit-Hydrolyse-Verhalten von Polyestergeweben T2 - Zhongguo Guoji Fei-Zhizaobu/Chanye-Yong Fangzhipin Yantaohui ; China International Nonwovens/Techtextiles Conference CY - Beijing, China DA - 2000-05-23 KW - Langzeit-Hydrolyse-Verhalten KW - Polyestergewebe PY - 2000 N1 - Geburtsname von Hofmann, Silvia: Benemann, S. - Birth name of Hofmann, Silvia: Benemann, S. SP - 165 EP - 183 CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-764 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Kurz, J. A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Leitfaden zur Erstellung von Prüfanweisungen für die Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen (ZfP Bau) N2 - Der vorliegende Leitfaden dient zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Prüfanweisungen für ZfP-Verfahren im Bauwesen. Er gibt einen Überblick über Verwendungszweck, Erstellung und Inhalte von Prüfanweisungen unter Berücksichtigung einheitlicher Standardisierungsziele. KW - Prüfanweisung KW - Beton KW - Leitfaden PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-947971-23-7 VL - Richtlinie B-LF 01 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin ET - Ausgabe April 2022 AN - OPUS4-54985 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schießl, P. A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Rößler, G. A1 - Schröder, P. A1 - Schwamborn, B. A1 - Spengler, A. A1 - Wallner, B. ED - Zilch, K. ED - Diederichs, C.J. ED - Katzenbach, R. ED - Beckmann, K. J. T1 - Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau und Hochbau N2 - Studierende des Bauingenieurwesens werden durch kompaktes Wissen auf ihre komplexen Aufgaben vorbereitet und auf Vertiefungsmöglichkeiten hingewiesen. Praktiker können ihren Wissensstand insbesondere auch auf solchen Gebieten aktualisieren, die nicht zu ihrem Alltagsgeschäft gehören. KW - Baustoffe KW - Beton KW - Bindemittel KW - Zement PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-642-14449-3 IS - Kap. 3.1 SP - 966 EP - 1038 PB - Springer ET - 2. Aufl. AN - OPUS4-25844 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R.W. A1 - Denzel, W. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C.U. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Timofeev, Juri A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Test specimen concepts in regard to quality assurance and validation of nondestructive testing in civil engineering N2 - The process of ensuring reliability of NDT applications contains various aspects, such as determining the performance and probability of success, the uncertainty in measurement, the provision of clear and functional procedures and ensuring the correct application accordingly. Test specimens have become powerful elements in supporting many of these aspects. Within the committee for NDT in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP), the subcommittee on Quality Assurance (UA-QS) therefore addresses the design and the integration of test specimens in the quality assurance process. Depending on the specific purpose, the requirements on test specimens can vary significantly based on the defined simulated scenario. The most prominent purposes of test specimens might be seen in providing references for inspection systems in regard to function control, calibration and validation. Further aspects can be parametric studies, basic investigation of physical principles related to NDT or a simplified and therefore comprehensive demonstration of inspection concepts (e.g. for teaching purposes). The specific purpose of a test specimen dictates the requirements regarding its conception, including the exact design, the material or the fabrication accuracy and the conditioning. In the development of a general guideline by the UA-QS for application-specific procedures and their validation, the use of test specimens is addressed and specific concepts for the design of test specimens are made. This includes the analysis of the measurement process regarding any given application, deriving an adequate calibration approach for it and designing test specimens (calibration specimens) accordingly. Furthermore, it includes the validation of the procedure taking into account all conditions related to the specific application in the field. The validation requires a statistically sufficient number of trials. Thorough evaluation of each trial can only be established if the ground-truth is known. Therefore, test specimens providing a realistic but controlled simulation of the inspection problem are valuable and indispensable elements in the validation process. The requirement of being fully realistic will often not be possible to fulfill due to practical restrictions. Any aspect that cannot be included in the simulation realistically needs to be simulated conservatively. This again, requires a sufficient understanding of the inspection principle and technique to ensure conservativeness. Among other quality-assurance-related aspects, the UA-QS establishes concepts and guidelines regarding sound and efficient approaches for the specific purposes of test specimens. This subcommittee brings together representatives of different Groups along the entire value chain of NDT-CE, including researchers, practitioners, manufacturers and clients. They all work together in establishing a common understanding and level of quality assurance in the industry. T2 - SMT and NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Quality assurance KW - Procedure KW - Reliability KW - Validation KW - Reference specimen PY - 2019 UR - https://asnt.org/smt18papers SN - 978-1-57117-456-7 VL - 11/19 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-47240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R.W. A1 - Denzel, W. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C.U. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Timofeev, Juri A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - NDT procedures in relation to quality assurance and validation of nondestructive testing in civil engineering N2 - The field of non-destructive testing of civil structures (NDT-CE) has been continuously growing. Due to the complexity and diversity of civil constructions as well as the heterogeneity of concrete, specific standards or guidelines for the application of modern NDT-CE are still missing. The development of individual solutions is the current approach, which is just as challenging as it is common for NDT-CE. With the increasing development and commercialization of NDT-CE technology, the group of practitioners is growing. To ensure a good level of quality in the industry, it appears necessary to establish adequate means. Naturally, the performance of NDT-CE methods regarding a specific application is strongly dependent on choosing the most suitable inspection technique and applying it correctly, generally referred to as the inspection procedure in the field of NDT. There are well-defined guidelines regarding procedure documentation and handling in many fields of NDT (e.g. nuclear, aerospace or automotive) according to the high importance of procedures in assuring a successful and reliable application. For a long time, this has not always been the case with NDT-CE, which is still considered a unique discipline of NDT. Part of the reason for that might be the young development state of NDTCE, the heterogeneity of building materials like concrete, timber or masonry as a material and the diversity of civil structures. In consequence, NDT-CE procedure development is considered challenging. Among other aspects, addressed in the subcommittee on Quality Assurance (UA-QS) within the committee for NDT-CE of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP), part of its work aims at establishing an adequate basis for NDT-CE procedure development. While some of the highly developed approaches from other industries are taken into consideration, they need to be analyzed regarding their suitability for NDT-CE and adapted accordingly. For a procedure to be as defined as possible, it needs to contain sufficient information, such as the scope and limitations regarding material, geometry and condition of the test object, inspection parameters, calibration, data acquisition, analysis criteria as well as requirements regarding the inspection personnel. For a successful implementation in the field, it is important to define the specific procedure as precisely as possible. Despite the necessity of a great amount of information to be included, the procedure needs to be suitable for efficient field application. The UA-QS is developing a guideline for NDT-CE procedures suitable for application in this field of NDT to ensure correct and reproducible application. To demonstrate and evaluate this concept, specific examples of procedures are also produced. In particular, the UA-QS has developed a procedure for the detection and positioning of tendon ducts using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). This procedure is tested regarding the practical applicability in a roundrobin on a defined type of reference test block. T2 - SMT and NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Quality assurance KW - Procedure KW - Reliability KW - Validation KW - Reference specimen PY - 2019 UR - https://asnt.org/smt18papers SN - 978-1-57117-456-7 VL - 11/19 SP - 31 EP - 38 PB - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-47239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gunnerek, R. A1 - Soundarapandiyan, G. A1 - Mishurova, T. A1 - Schröder, J. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Boykin, J. A1 - Diaz, A. A1 - Klement, U. A1 - Hryha, E.ON T1 - Chemical mechanical polishing of powder bed fusion – laser beam processed 316 L stainless steel N2 - Additive manufacturing via powder bed fusion – laser beam (PBF-LB) enables the fabrication of complex geometries but suffers from inherently rough surfaces and surface tensile residual stresses, both of which can compromise structural integrity, particularly under fatigue loading. To address these limitations, this study investigates chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) as a surface finishing method for improving surface quality and modifying the residual stress state in PBF-LB 316 L stainless steel. The work uniquely examines how scan rotation (0◦ vs. 67◦ rotation) and contour parameters influence CMP effectiveness in material removal, surface smoothing, and subsurface stress redistribution. With a targeted material removal of 110 μm, CMP reduced surface roughness (Sa) by up to 94 %, achieving values as low as 0.7 μm. Microstructural analysis revealed no grain refinement but identified a thin, plastically deformed surface layer. This plastic deformation resulted in the transformation of tensile surface stresses (340 MPa) into beneficial compressive stresses (􀀀 400 MPa), as confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, which also showed a shift toward isotropic strain distribution. Further, these findings demonstrate that the initial scan strategy influences CMP performance and that CMP can enhance both surface integrity and mechanical reliability without altering the underlying microstructure. This study advances the understanding of how process induced microstructure and surface features affect CMP outcomes, enabling more informed design of post-processing strategies for improved surface integrity and mechanical performance in additively manufactured metals. KW - Residual stress KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Chemical mechanical polishing KW - As-built microstructure KW - Surface roughness KW - Surface finishing KW - Material removal PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-640522 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2025.119055 SN - 0924-0136/ VL - 345 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-64052 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hsuan, Y.G. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rowe, K. A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Greenwood, J. A1 - Cazzuffi, D. A1 - Koerner, R.M. ED - Neil Dixon, T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented. Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented. T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Geosynthetic KW - Durability KW - Degradation KW - Antioxidant KW - Weathering PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 41 AN - OPUS4-17975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -