TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Alknes, P. A1 - Arnau, G. A1 - Bjoerstad, R. A1 - Bordini, B. T1 - Elastic anisotropy in multifilament Nb3Sn superconducting wires N2 - The elastic anisotropy caused by the texture in the Nb3Sn filaments of PIT and RRP wires has been calculated by averaging the estimates of Voigt and Reuss, using published Nb3Sn single crystal elastic constants and the Nb3Sn grain orientation distribution determined in both wire types by Electron Backscatter Diffraction. At ambient temperature the calculated Nb3Sn E-moduli in axial direction in the PIT and the RRP wire are 130 GPa and 140 GPa, respectively. The calculated E-moduli are compared with tensile test results obtained for the corresponding wires and extracted filament bundles. KW - Anisotropy KW - EBSD KW - Elastic modulus KW - Nb3Sn KW - Tensile test KW - Texture PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2371693 SN - 1051-8223 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 8400605-1 EP - 8400605-5 PB - Inst. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-32661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Andrieux, J. A1 - Michels, M. A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Chiriac, R. A1 - Hagner, M. A1 - Di Michiel, M. A1 - Meyer, Christian A1 - Toche, F. ED - Foley, C. P. T1 - Effect of the fabrication route on the phase and volume changes during the reaction heat treatment of Nb3Sn superconducting wires N2 - Accelerator magnets that can reach magnetic fields well beyond the Nb-Ti performance limits are presently being built and developed, using Nb3Sn superconductors. This technology requires reaction heat treatment (RHT) of the magnet coils, during which Nb3Sn is formed from its ductile precursor materials (a “wind and react” approach). The Nb3Sn microstructure and microchemistry are strongly influenced by the conductor fabrication route, and by the Phase changes during RHT. By combining in situ differential scanning calorimetry, high Energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and micro-tomography experiments, we have acquired a unique data set that describes in great detail the phase and microstructure changes that take place during the processing of restacked rod process (RRP), powder-in-tube (PIT), and internal tin (IT) Nb3Sn wires. At temperatures below 450 ° the phase evolutions in the three wire types are similar, with respectively solid state interdiffusion of Cu and Sn, Cu6Sn5 formation, and Cu6Sn5 peritectic transformation. Distinct differences in phase evolutions in the wires are found when temperatures exceed 450 °C. The volume changes of the conductor during RHT are a difficulty in the production of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets. We compare the wire diameter changes measured in situ by dilatometry with the phase and void volume evolution of the three types of Nb3Sn wire. Unlike the Nb3Sn wire length changes, the wire diameter evolution is characteristic for each Nb3Sn wire type. The strongest volume increase, of about 5%, is observed in the RRP wire, where the main diameter increase occurs above 600 °C upon Nb3Sn formation. KW - Nb3Sn KW - Microstructure KW - Phase transformations KW - Volume changes KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Differential scanning calorimetry KW - Synchrotron micro-tomography PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505128 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab627c VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 034004 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol (UK) AN - OPUS4-50512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kelly, U. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Schladitz, K. A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Redenbach, C. A1 - Wolf, F. A1 - Ebermann, P. A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Schoerling, D. A1 - Meinel, Dietmar T1 - Nb3Sn wire shape and cross sectional area inhomogeneity in Rutherford cables N2 - During Rutherford cable production the wires are plastically deformed and their initially round shape is distorted. Using X-ray absorption tomography we have determined the 3D shape of an unreacted Nb3Sn 11 T dipole Rutherford cable, and of a reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cable double stack. State-of-theart image processing was applied to correct for tomographic artefacts caused by the large cable aspect ratio, for the segmentation of the individual wires and subelement bundles inside the wires, and for the calculation of the wire cross sectional area and shape variations. The 11 T dipole cable cross section oscillates by 2% with a frequency of 1.24 mm (1/80 of the transposition pitch length of the 40 wire cable). A comparatively stronger cross sectional area variation is observed in the individual wires at the thin edge of the keystoned cable where the wire aspect ratio is largest. T2 - 13th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity, EUCAS 2017 CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 17.09.2017 KW - X-ray computer tomography KW - Image processing KW - Superconducting KW - CERN KW - µCT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pulikowski, D. A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Savary, F. A1 - Tommasini, D. A1 - Pajor, M. T1 - Testing mechanical behavior of Nb3Sn Rutherford cable during coil winding N2 - In the framework of the development of high field magnets made of Nb3Sn superconductor for projects like HL-LHC and FCC studies, it is needed to refine the understanding of the coil winding process and its impact on the overall mechanical behavior of the conductor. For this purpose, a new cable winding setup has been developed in order to compare the windability of different Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. In addition, various geometrical cable inspection methods were tested and compared. First experimental results obtained with the new set-up for winding tests are summarized. T2 - 2016 Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC’16) CY - Denver, Colorado, USA DA - 04.09.2016 KW - Coil winding KW - Rutherford cable KW - X-ray absorption tomography PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2017.2656179 SN - 1051-8223 SN - 1558-2515 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-39357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Fedelich, Bernard T1 - Tensile properties of the individual phases in un-reacted multifilament NbSn wires T2 - International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2006-07-17 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit T1 - Tensile properties of a non-reacted internal tin NB3SN composite wire calculated from the vickers hardness of its individual phases according to the rule of mixtures N2 - The load-independent Vickers hardness (HV) of the individual phases in a non-reacted Nb3Sn wire has been measured and the yield strength (YS) of the individual components estimated from the HV values. The YS and tensile strength (Rm) of the composite wire are calculated according the rule of mixtures (ROM). Calculated tensile properties are compared with tensile test results that were obtained for the entire composite wire, for the wire after removal of the Cu stabiliser and for single Nb-7.5wt.%Ta fibres. KW - MMC KW - Supraleiter KW - Mischungsregel PY - 2005 UR - https://edms.cern.ch/file/673338/2/Technote-2005-08.pdf SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - CERN CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-14723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Boutboul, T. A1 - Leroy, D. A1 - Oberli, L. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit T1 - Hardness and tensile strength of multifilamentary metal-matrix composite superconductors for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) N2 - Conventional indentation hardness measurements to obtain load independent Vickers hardness values for the different phases in multifilamentary superconducting (SC) wires are described. The concept of composite hardness is validated for a binary metal–matrix metal–filament Nb–Ti/Cu composite wire. The tensile materials properties of the individual wire components are estimated from their indentation hardness. The potential and limitations of this approach are critically discussed, based on a comparison with ensile test results obtained for wires and extracted Nb–Ti filaments. KW - Faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe KW - Härte KW - Mikroindentation PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0633-3 SN - 0022-2461 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 42 IS - 12 SP - 4298 EP - 4307 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Norwell, Mass. AN - OPUS4-14719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Ping, I. A1 - Senatore, C. A1 - Di Michiel, M. A1 - Thilly, L. A1 - Gerardin, A. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Oberli, L. A1 - Willering, G. A1 - Bottura, L. T1 - Temperature induced degradation of Nb-Ti/Cu composite superconductors N2 - The degradation mechanisms of state-of-the-art Nb-Ti/Cu superconductors are described, based on in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements during heat treatment. A quantitative description of the Nb-Ti/Cu degradation in terms of critical current density, Cu stabiliser resistivity and mechanical composite strength is presented. In an applied magnetic field a significant critical current degradation is already observed after a 5-minute 400 °C heat treatment, due to variations of –Ti precipitate size and distribution within the Nb-Ti alloy filaments. A strong degradation of the strand mechanical properties is observed after several minutes heating above 550 °C, which is also the temperature at which the formation of Cu-Ti intermetallic phases is detected. Several minutes heating at 250 °C are sufficient to increase the RRR of the strongly cold work strands inside a Rutherford type cable from about 80 to about 240. Heating for several minutes at 400 °C does not cause a significant conductor degradation in self-field and, thus, leaves enough temperature margin for the electrical interconnection of Nb-Ti/Cu conductors with common low temperature solders. KW - Supraleiter PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/234/2/022031 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 234 IS - 2 SP - 022031-1 - 022031-5 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-22618 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Scheuerlein, Ch. T1 - Vergleichende Bewertung verschiedener Verfahren der E-Modulbestimmung für metallische Werkstoffe N2 - Für numerische Beanspruchungs- und Lebensdaueranalysen ist die Kenntnis des E-Moduls der eingesetzten Werkstoffe von zentraler Bedeutung. Für seine experimentelle Bestimmung wurden eine Vielzahl von Verfahren entwickelt, die zum Teil werkstoffspezifisch Eingang in die Normung gefunden haben. Prinzipiell können diese Verfahren in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden - die statischen und die dynamischen Prüfverfahren. Während die statischen Verfahren auf der direkten Messung des Spannungs-Dehnungs-Zusammenhangs während einer Belastung im elastischen Verformungsbereich beruhen (Zug-, Biege- bzw. Druckversuch) nutzen die dynamischen Verfahren die Analyse der resultierenden Schwingungen nach einer entsprechenden Anregung eines Prüfkörpers (Resonanz- bzw. Impulsanregungsmethode). Für verschiedene Werkstoffe wurden statische und dynamische Verfahren zur E-Modulbestimmung eingesetzt. Die Unterschiede und Vorteile der verschiedenen Verfahren werden vergleichend diskutiert. T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.11.2017 KW - E-Modul KW - Zugversuch KW - Druckversuch KW - Resonanzmethode KW - Impuls-Anregungs-Methode PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43253 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Savary, F. T1 - Mechanical properties of the HL-LHC 11 T Nb3Sn magnet constituent materials N2 - A test campaign was launched to determine the mechanical properties of the High Luminosity-Large HadronCollider (HL-LHC) 11 T Nb3Sn magnet components. The results can be used to accurately represent the mechanical properties in finite elementmodels that predict the stress and strain distribution in these magnets. Particular attention is paid to anisotropic mechanical behavior of the different magnet materials. Static and dynamic test methods have been applied for determining elastic materials’ behavior, and highly accurate Young’s moduli are obtained with the nondestructive dynamic methods resonance and impulse excitation at ambient temperature and during in situ heat cycles. KW - Superconducting magnets KW - Young’s modulus KW - Resonance testing KW - Stress-strain behavior PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2638046 SN - 1051-8223 SN - 1558-2515 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-39219 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Meyer, Christian A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Amez-Droz, M. A1 - Meuter, F. A1 - Konstantopoulou, K. A1 - Savary, F. A1 - Tock, J.-P. T1 - Thermomechanical properties of polymers for use in superconducting magnets N2 - The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermomechanical properties of the polymers used in superconducting magnets need to be known in order to predict their stress state under the different magnet assembly and operating conditions. We have measured Young’s moduli of typically used polymers during in situ heat cycles with the dynamic resonancemethod. The dynamic test results are compared with Young’s moduli determined from quasi-static stress–strain measurements at room temperature, 77 K and 4.2 K. A moderate elastic anisotropy is found for the fiber reinforced polymers. CTEs are compared based on dilation experiments. TheCTEs of the fiber reinforced polymers studied are similar to those of copper or steel. In contrast, the pure resins exhibit relatively larger CTEs. KW - Polymer KW - Superconducting magnet KW - Young´s modulus KW - Stress-strain behavior KW - Resonance testing KW - Coefficient of thermal expansion PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2898321 SN - 1051-8223 SN - 1558-2515 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 7701605, 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-47616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Savary, F. A1 - Lackner, F. T1 - Mechanical properties of the HL-LHC 11 Tesla Nb3Sn magnet constituent materials N2 - A test campaign was launched to determine the mechanical properties of the HL-LHC 11 T Nb₃Sn magnet components in order to accurately model the mechanical properties in Finite Element simulations that predict the stress and strain distribution in these magnets. Static and dynamic test methods have been applied for determining elastic materials behavior, and highly accurate Young’s moduli are obtained with the dynamic methods resonance and impulse excitation. These non-destructive methods also enable temperature dependent modulus measurements during in situ heat cycles. T2 - Applied Superconductivity Conference CY - Denver, USA DA - 04.09.2016 KW - Young´s modulus KW - Tensile KW - Compression KW - Temperature dependence PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37922 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Scheuerlein, C. ED - Frenz, H. ED - Langer, B. T1 - Vergleichende Bewertung verschiedener Verfahren der E-Modulbestimmung für metallische Werkstoffe N2 - Für numerische Beanspruchungs- und Lebensdaueranalysen ist die Kenntnis des E-Moduls der eingesetzten Werkstoffe von zentraler Bedeutung. Für seine experimentelle Bestimmung wurden eine Vielzahl von Verfahren entwickelt, die zum Teil werkstoffspezifisch Eingang in die Normung gefunden haben. Prinzipiell können diese Verfahren in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden - die statischen und die dynamischen Prüfverfahren. Während die statischen Verfahren auf der direkten Messung des Spannungs-Dehnungs-Zusammenhangs während einer Belastung im elastischen Verformungsbereich beruhen (Zug-, Biege- bzw. Druckversuch) nutzen die dynamischen Verfahren die Analyse der resultierenden Schwingungen nach einer entsprechenden Anregung eines Prüfkörpers (Resonanz- bzw. Impulsanregungsmethode). Für verschiedene Werkstoffe wurden statische und dynamische Verfahren zur E-Modulbestimmung eingesetzt. Die Unterschiede und Vorteile der verschiedenen Verfahren werden vergleichend diskutiert. T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.11.2017 KW - E-Modul KW - Zugversuch KW - Druckversuch KW - Resonanzmethode KW - Impuls-Anregungsmethode PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-9814516-7-2 SN - 1861-8154 SP - 217 EP - 224 PB - Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-43255 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -