TY - RPRT A1 - Arndt, Detlef A1 - Borchardt, Kerstin A1 - Croy, F. A1 - Geyer, Emil A1 - Henschen, Joachim A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Niedack, Marianne A1 - Rudolphi, Michael A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Anwendung u. Kombination zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Mauerwerksfeuchte im Deutschen Dom N2 - Am Deutschen Dom wurden Mikrowellenabsorptionsmessungen, Radar und Infarot- Thermographie als moderne zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren der Feuchtemessung in Mauerwerk erprobt. Ergänzende numerische Simulationsrechnungen des gekoppelten Wärme- und Feuchtetransports sollen bei der Auswahl von Trockenlegungskonzepten helfen. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 200 PY - 1994 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-2509 SN - 978-3-89429-423-X SN - 0938-5533 VL - 200 SP - 1 EP - 84 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-250 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Henschen, Joachim A1 - Hoffmann, Dirk A1 - Niedack-Nad, Marianne A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Friese, P. ED - Venzmer, H. T1 - Anwendung und Kombination moderner Untersuchungsverfahren zur Beurteilung des Feuchtehaushalts im Zeughaus Berlin T2 - Vorträge anläßlich der 7. Hanseatischen Sanierungstage CY - Kühlungsborn, Deutschland DA - 1996-11-07 KW - Bauteil KW - Feuchtegehalt KW - Mikrowelle KW - Zeughaus, Berlin PY - 1996 SN - 3-345-00629-4 IS - 7 SP - 182 EP - 207 PB - Verlag für Bauwesen CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-643 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Niedack-Nad, Marianne A1 - Henschen, Joachim A1 - Hoffmann, Dirk A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Riederer, J. T1 - Complex investigations of the moisture balance in structural members made of natural stone - a case study of the Berlin Zeugnis T2 - 8th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1996-09-30 KW - Stein KW - Naturstein KW - Wasserhaushalt KW - Feuchtigkeit KW - Zeughaus, Berlin PY - 1996 SN - 3-00-000779-2 VL - 1 SP - 441 EP - 451 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-647 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Anwendungen der Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy im Bauwesen N2 - Zusammenfassung Die Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) ist eine analytische Methode mit der die Elementverteilung auf der Oberfläche von Proben orts- und tiefenaufgelöst ermittelt werden kann. Ein intensiver, infraroter Laserstrahl wird auf die Oberfläche fokussiert. Durch die hohe Energiedichte werden einige Mikrogramm Material verdampft und ein Plasma gebildet. Bei der Ausdehnung und Abkühlung des Plasmas wird die charakteristische Fluoreszenz der verdampften Elemente abgestrahlt und mit spektroskopischen Mitteln analysiert. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode liegt im ppm-Bereich, die typische Messgenauigkeit beträgt einige Prozent. Die Ergebnisse liegen quasi on-line vor, es ist keine Probenpräparation notwendig und die Apparatur ist vor Ort einsetzbar. Im Artikel werden Anwendungen der LIBS zur Untersuchung von Baustoffen beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Ermittlung der Salzverteilung in Baustoffen, der Untersuchung der Betonzusammensetzung und dem Nachweis von hydrophobierten Schichten auf unterschiedlichen Baustoffen werden vorgestellt. T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2002 CY - Weimar, Deutschland DA - 2002-05-06 KW - On-line Elementanalyse KW - Salzverteilung KW - Betonzusammensetzung KW - Hydrophobierung PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp02/papers/p29/p29.htm SN - 3-931381-39-0 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 80-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2216 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert ED - Forde, M. C. T1 - Determination of chloride content in concrete structures with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy T2 - 10th Structural Faults + Repair Conference CY - London, England, UK DA - 2003-07-01 KW - Chloride content KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) KW - On-line results KW - Reinforced concrete PY - 2003 SN - 0-947644-53-9 PB - Engineering Technics Press CY - Edinburgh AN - OPUS4-3367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for on-site determination of chloride in concrete N2 - The Chloride content is an important factor which influences the durability of concrete structures. The standard methods are mostly intricate, time consuming and require a chemical laboratory. This article describes the application of a spectroscopic method, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), for the determination of Chloride contents in concrete and mortar specimens. LIBS can be used on-site, needs no sample preparation and is able to investigate rapidly a large number of different measuring points. The LIBS set-up and the experimental conditions to detect Chlorides are reported. Calibration curves are presented and the limit of detection (LOD) is determined. Results measured on different concrete cores are presented and compared with the results of standard chemical methods. T2 - 6th International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v011/v011.htm SN - 3-931381-49-8 SP - 1(?) EP - 11(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-3368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization and sorting of concrete waste material in view of high-order re-use N2 - The high amount of building waste material requires innovative strategies for high-order re-use of the material. With Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) both the elemental composition of building materials and trace elements can be determined with a real-time measurement, even on-site and in a harsh industrial environment. We present the experimental data on heavy metal detection in the ppm concentration range, as well as calibration curves. Further on we demonstrate the characterization of cement and concrete concerning the main components by means of Rankin diagrams. We suggest an implementation of LIBS in the processing of building waste materials to allow a high-order re-use. T2 - 6th International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/p032/p032.htm SN - 3-931381-49-8 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-3369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Venzmer, H. T1 - Langzeituntersuchungen zum Austrocknungsverhalten des Hauptgesimses am Zeughaus Berlin T2 - 2. Altbau-Symposium anlässlich der Bautec 2002 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2002-02-08 PY - 2002 SN - 3-345-00802-5 N1 - Serientitel: Altbauinstandsetzung – Series title: Altbauinstandsetzung IS - 4 SP - 45 EP - 63 PB - Verl. Bauwesen CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1838 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Schaurich, Dieter T1 - Long-Term Investigations on Drying out of the Main Cornice of the Berlin Zeughaus T2 - 11. Bauklimatisches Symposium ; 11th Symposium of Building Physics CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2002-09-26 PY - 2002 SP - 722 EP - 737 PB - TU CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-1839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Schaurich, Dieter T1 - A novel combination of NDT-methods for assessment of moisture conditions in structural members - a case study of the Berlin Zeughaus N2 - The moisture condition of solid brick and sandstone walls of historic buildings may be examined and monitored non-destructively and effectively by means of a novel combination of test methods which provide useful information on planning and monitoring rehabilitation and maintenance measures. Results are presented of an interdisciplinary research project of BAM on the moisture balance in the main cornice area of the Berlin Zeughaus. The main part of the investigations was carried out in 1994 and 1995. The quality of the prognosticated drying out process has been verified annually by means of measurements up to 2002. The depth-resolved local moisture determinations were accomplished with a microwave method developed by BAM. The moisture profiles revealed excessive moisture in the building element and reflected the slow drying process. Additionally, endoscopic examinations and chemical and physical analyses of miniature samples were carried out as well to help interpret the results. Hygrothermal data could be calculated from the quasi non-destructive tests and the parameters determined by the laboratory tests. Based on the 1995 measured moisture profile in the building element, the predicted simulation calculation indicated that a relatively long drying out process must be anticipated. Therefore the planned waterproofing sealing can at the earliest be applied to the surface of the building element in 2005. The good correlation of predicted and measured moisture profiles of the past years demonstrates the high quality of the new combination of test methods. T2 - 6th International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v034/v034.htm SN - 3-931381-49-8 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Nachweis von Hydrophobierungsmitteln mit Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2001-10-25 PY - 2001 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 76-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1189 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert ED - Forde, M. C. T1 - Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of hydrophobic coatings T2 - 9th International Conference and Exhibition "Structural Faults and Repair" CY - London, England, UK DA - 2001-07-04 KW - LIBS KW - NDT KW - Hydrophobic Coating KW - Cement KW - Mortar KW - Brick PY - 2001 VL - 9 CY - Edinburgh AN - OPUS4-1177 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Forde, M. C. T1 - A novel combination of NDT-methods for assessment of moisture conditions of Masonry - a case study of the Berlin Zeughaus T2 - 10th Structural Faults + Repair Conference CY - London, England, UK DA - 2003-07-01 KW - Microwave method KW - Endoscopy KW - Non-destructive technique (NDT) KW - Numerical hygrothermic simulations KW - Masonry PY - 2003 SN - 0-947644-53-9 PB - Engineering Technics Press CY - Edinburgh AN - OPUS4-2762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Determination of chloride content in concrete structures with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - An important criterion for the evaluation of reinforced concrete structures is the measurement of the chloride content. This will normally be done by time consuming standard chemical methods. We propose the application of a spectroscopic technique, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which provides the advantages of a fast measurement, the potential for on-site application and the possibility to investigate a wide range of different measuring points. The surface can be scanned, or depth profiles are available from cores. Measurements can be performed directly on the sample surface and the results are available in near real time. We present LIBS results measured on concrete cores as well as on grinded and pressed material in comparison with the results of standard chemical methods. The optimum LIBS set-up and the experimental conditions to detect and measure chlorine in building materials are reported. The limits of detection were determined and calibration curves were measured. KW - Chloride content KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Near real time results KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.001 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 19 IS - 10 SP - 724 EP - 730 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-10830 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Alexander, M. T1 - Chloride and sulphate content in concrete with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) T2 - International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting (ICCRRR) CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 2006-11-21 KW - LIBS KW - Chloridgehalt KW - Schwefelgehalt KW - Bauwerksuntersuchung KW - Zustandsermittlung KW - Betoninstandsetzung KW - Betonschäden PY - 2006 SN - 0-415-39654-9 N1 - Serientitel: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences – Series title: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences SP - 519 EP - 524 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-11682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) in Civil Engineering T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT : ECNDT Berlin 2006 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - NDT-EC KW - LIBS KW - Spectroscopy KW - Concrete damages KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate KW - Corrosion KW - Condition assessment KW - Quality assurance PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-13690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Cruz, P. ED - Frangopol, D. T1 - Chloride determination for condition assessment and quality assurance by LIBS T2 - 3rd International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management - "Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Performance and Cost" CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 2006-07-16 KW - LIBS KW - Chloride KW - Concrete PY - 2006 SN - 0-415-40315-4 N1 - Serientitel: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences – Series title: Balkema proceedings and monographs in engineering, water and earth sciences SP - 333 EP - 334 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-13716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Ermittlung des Chloridgehaltes von Betonproben mit Laser-Induzierter Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) T2 - 1. Kolloquium "Verkehrsbauten - Schwerpunkt Parkhäuser" CY - Esslingen, Deutschland DA - 2004-01-27 PY - 2004 SP - 651 EP - 657 PB - Techn. Akad. Esslingen CY - Esslingen AN - OPUS4-4402 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Einsatz der Laser-Induzierten Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) im Bauwesen - Teil 1: Verfahrensbeschreibung und Durchführung von Zementanalysen PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ernst-und-sohn.de/zeitschriften/artikelrecherche/index.php?zs=bst&t=Beton-+und+Stahlbetonbau+1970-heute+%28erscheint+monatlich%29&sort=hjd&page=1&bp=&bt=&bst=bst&mw=&dibt=&st=&bst_jahr=2004&bst_heft=8&absenden=%5BAuswahl+anzeigen%5D SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 99 IS - 8 SP - 693 EP - 694 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-4403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Einsatz der Laser-Induzierten Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) im Bauwesen - Teil 2: Ermittlung von bauschädlichen Salzen PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ernst-und-sohn.de/zeitschriften/artikelrecherche/index.php?zs=bst&t=Beton-+und+Stahlbetonbau+1970-heute+%28erscheint+monatlich%29&sort=hjd&page=1&bp=&bt=&bst=bst&mw=&dibt=&st=&bst_jahr=2004&bst_heft=8&absenden=%5BAuswahl+anzeigen%5D SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 99 IS - 9 SP - 761 EP - 762 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-4404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kääriäinen, H. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Tulla, K. A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Moisture measurements in building materials with microwaves N2 - The method requires two parallel boreholes in the specimen in which two microwave antennae can be moved. The moisture content in the material can be calculated from the microwave intensity transmitted between the two boreholes. Moisture profiles along the boreholes can be obtained by moving the antennae in steps along the length of the boreholes and taking measurements at each step. The microwave frequencies used in the laboratory measurements ranged from 8 to 16.5 GHz in steps of 0.5 GHz. The diameters of the antennae were between 7 and 9 mm, and of the boreholes between 8 and 12 mm. The microwave method produced measurement uncertainties between 0 and 2% by volume for all the materials studied in this report. KW - Construction materials KW - Moisture transport KW - Moisture meter KW - Microwaves KW - Concrete KW - Sand KW - Wood PY - 2001 SN - 0963-8695 VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 389 EP - 394 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-11049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Ryahi, Solh A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Quantitative determination of sulfur content in concrete with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been employed for the investigation of the sulfur content of concrete. Sulfur compounds are a natural but minor component in building materials. The ingress of sulfates or sulfuric acid constitutes a major risk of chemical aggression for concrete. There is a need for a fast method, which can be used on-site and is able to investigate a wide range of different measuring points, so that damages can be characterized. For quantitative determination the sulfur spectral line at 921.3 nm is used. The optimum ambient atmosphere has been determined by comparison of measurements accomplished under air, argon and helium atmosphere. Reference samples have been produced and calibration curves have been determined, the results of LIBS measurements are compared with results from chemical analysis. Defining a limit for the intensity ratio of a calcium and a oxygen spectral line can reduce the influence of the heterogeneity of the material, so that only spectra with a high amount of cementitious material are evaluated. Depth profiles and spatial resolved sulfur distributions are presented measured on concrete cores originating from a highly sulfate contaminated clarifier. KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Sulfur content KW - Building materials KW - Heterogeneity KW - Depth profiles PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2005.05.036 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 60 IS - 7-8 SP - 1121 EP - 1131 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-10997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Forde, M.C. T1 - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for fast analysis of ingress profiles of ions on concrete T2 - Structural faults & repair 2012 - 14th International conference and exhibition CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 2012-07-03 KW - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate KW - Alkali metals KW - Damage KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Concrete KW - On-site PY - 2012 SN - 0-947664-71-7 SP - 1 EP - 8(?) PB - Engineering Technics Press AN - OPUS4-27535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert ED - Leeman, C.M. T1 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for fast analysis of ingress profiles of ions on concrete T2 - NDE/NDT for highways and bridges - Structural materials technology -SMT- CY - New York City, NY, USA DA - 2012-08-21 KW - Beton KW - Laser Induced Breakdown Spektroskopie PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-57117-235-8 SP - 384 EP - 391 AN - OPUS4-27528 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Detector comparison for sulfur and chlorine detection with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in the near-infrared-region N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been employed for the investigation of the sulfur and chlorine content of building materials. Both, chloride and sulfate ions are major damaging species affecting the stability and lifetime of a structure. Chlorine and sulfur are mostly detected in the VUV and the NIR. In case of building materials the main elements like calcium or iron have many strong spectral lines over the whole spectral range, so that trace elements can only be detected in spectral windows unaffected from these lines. With regard to a preferably simply, robust against dust and vibrations and portable setup only the NIR spectral features are used for civil engineering applications. Most detectors, mainly CCD cameras have rapidly decreasing quantum efficiency in the NIR. Also the quantum efficiency of the photocathode of CCD-Detectors with image intensifier is decreasing in the NIR. Different CCD-detectors were tested with respect to high quantum efficiency and high dynamic range, which is necessary for simultaneous detection of weak spectral lines from trace elements and intense spectral lines from main elements. The measurements are made on reference samples consisting of cement, hydrated cement, cement mortar and concrete with well-defined amounts of the trace elements. Experimental conditions are chosen for an optimum intensity of the trace element spectral lines. The detector systems are compared by limit of detections and the signal to noise ratio. KW - LIBS KW - Sulfur KW - Chlorine KW - NIR KW - Building materials KW - Concrete KW - Detector comparison PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.10.017 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 62 IS - 12 SP - 1504 EP - 1511 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-16507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Detailed depth profiles of sulfate ingress into concrete measured with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Sulfate attack constitutes a major risk of chemical aggression for concrete and other building materials. Mainly structures exposed to sewage waters and sulfate rich soils are affected. The measurement of sulfate ingress is important for damage assessment previous to repair works and for quality assurance of the effectiveness of protecting coatings or during concrete removal. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is introduced for the quantitative measurement of sulfur contents in building materials, providing detailed depth profiles and imaging element distributions with 1 mm spatial resolution. Detailed statistical evaluation is possible due to the spatial resolution and the fast measurement of the method. Practical applications of the method for damage assessment are demonstrated for three different sewage plants. KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Sulfate attack KW - Sulfur content KW - Concrete KW - Sewage plant KW - Depth profiles KW - Element distribution PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.016 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 275 EP - 283 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-18426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Effect of heterogeneity on the quantitative determination of trace elements in concrete N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used for quantitative measurement of trace elements, e.g. sulfur and chlorine, in concrete. Chloride and sulfate ions have a large effect on the durability of concrete structures, and quantitative measurement is important for condition assessment and quality assurance. Concrete is a highly heterogeneous material in composition and grain-size distribution, i.e. the spatial distribution of elements. Calibration plots were determined by use of laboratory-made reference samples consisting of pressings of cement powder, hydrated cement, cement mortar, and concrete, in which the heterogeneity of the material is increasing because of the aggregates. Coarse aggregate and cement paste are distinguishable by the intensity of the Ca spectral lines. More advanced evaluation is necessary to account for the effect of the fine aggregate. The three series of reference samples enable systematic study of the effects of heterogeneity on spectral intensity, signal fluctuation, uncertainty, and limits of detection. Spatially resolved measurements and many spectra enable statistical evaluation of the data. The heterogeneity has an effect on measurement of the sulfur and chlorine content, because both occur mainly in the cement matrix. Critical chloride concentrations are approximately 0.04% (m/m). The chlorine spectral line at 837.6 nm is evaluated. The natural sulfur content of concrete is approximately 0.1% (m/m). The spectral line at 921.3 nm is evaluated. One future application may be simultaneous determination of the amount of damaging trace elements and the cement content of the concrete. KW - LIBS KW - Heterogeneity KW - Concrete KW - Chlorine KW - Sulfur PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0362-0 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 385 IS - 2 SP - 248 EP - 255 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Praktische Anwendungen der Laser-Induzierten Plasma Spektroskopie im Bauwesen - Fallstudien an einem Klärbehälter und einem Parkdeck T2 - DGZfP-Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose "Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2006-02-22 KW - LIBS KW - Beton PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-71-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12208 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Patitz, G. T1 - Langzeituntersuchungen zum Austrocknungsverhalten des Hauptgesimses am Zeughaus Berlin KW - Baudenkmäler KW - Feuchteuntersuchung KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Mikrowellenverfahren KW - Hygrothermische Simulation PY - 2004 SN - 3-8167-6443-6 N1 - Serientitel: Monudocthema – Series title: Monudocthema IS - 1 SP - 179 EP - 197 PB - Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl. CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-4824 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Molkenthin, André A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Weritz, Friederike T1 - Chlorid- und Sulfatanalyse mit LIBS - vom Laborverfahren zum Baustellengerät T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2008 - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2008-02-21 KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Bewehrungskorrosion KW - Chlorid KW - Sulfat PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-940283-08-5 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung – Series title: Berichtsband der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung IS - 112 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18653 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Gieler-Breßmer, S. T1 - Zuverlässige Bestimmung von Chloridgehalten bei der Instandsetzung tausalzgeschädigter Bauwerke T2 - 4. Kolloquium Verkehrsbauten - Schwerpunkt Parkhäuser CY - Ostfildern, Deutschland DA - 2010-02-02 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen KW - Chloridanalyse KW - Betoninstandsetzung KW - Parkhäuser KW - LIBS KW - Portables LIBS KW - Tausalz PY - 2010 SN - 3-924813-82-5 IS - Kap. 11.1 SP - 405 EP - 412 CY - Ostfildern AN - OPUS4-20874 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Betonanalyse mit Laserinduzierter Breakdown Spektroskopie (LIBS) N2 - Der große Vorteil der vorgestellten Methode liegt in der quasi on-line Bereitstellung der Ergebnisse und in der Möglichkeit des Einsatzes direkt am Bauwerk. Die vorliegenden Meßergebnisse zeigen den erfolgreichen Einsatz von LIBS zur Messung der Betonzusammensetzung. Eine Unterscheidung von Zementen gelingt durch die Einordnung der Meßwerte ins Dreistoffdiagramm. Neue kleine Laser, handliche Echellespektrographen und neuartige Lichtleiter lassen sich zu mobilen LIBS-Apparaturen kombinieren, die eine Messung undAuswertung vor Ort ermöglicht. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen CY - Munich, Germany DA - 21.01.1999 KW - Betonzusammensetzung KW - Dreistoffdiagramm KW - Echellespektrographen PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-36538 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Application of LIBS in civil engineering for the analysis of concrete N2 - Our aim is the application of LIBS as a simple, quasi on-line method for the non-destructive testing of concrete. Concrete is naturally inhomogeneous. Therefore we must take into account the local variation of the element composition using a statistical analysis. Depending on how much cement and aggregate is measured with each laser pulse, a scan on the surface of a concrete specimen produces a distribution of points in the Rankin diagram which is used to characterise the concrete. T2 - First International Conference on Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications CY - Tirrenia, Italy DA - 08.10.2000 KW - Element composition KW - Statistical analysis KW - Rankin diagramm PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-36539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Nachweis von Hydrophobierungsmitteln mit Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy N2 - Die Eignung des Verfahrens der Laser Induzierten Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) zur Kontrolle einer ausreichenden Beschichtung und zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicke von Hydrophobierungsschichten auch im Rahmen wiederholender Messungen sollte untersucht werden. Mit LIBS kann die Elementverteilung orts- und tiefenaufgelöst in oberflächennahen Bereichen quasi on-line bestimmt werden. Es ist keine Probenpräparation notwendig. Wiederholende Messungen würden das vorzeitige Erkennen beschädigter Beschichtungen ermöglichen, wodurch kostspielige Sanierungsmaßnahmen vermieden werden. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 25.10.2001 KW - Beschichtung KW - Schichtdicke KW - Elementverteilung PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-36540 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eichler, Thorsten A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Van Breugel, K. ED - Koenders, E.A.B. T1 - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a tool for the investigation of aging of infrastructure N2 - The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a combination of laser ablation and optical emission spectroscopy. Due to the possibility of direct measurements on the sample surface and a minimum of required sample preparation investigations of building materials can be conducted quite fast. In combination with a scanning technique (translation stage or scanning mirrors head) the element distributions are evaluated taking in to account the heterogeneity of the material. This is a significant advantage compared to standard procedures. LIBS measurements are also time and cost saving in comparison to standard methods. The automated measurement procedures minimise the liability for errors. All elements are detectable and after calibration results can be quantified. At BAM LIBS has been successfully applied for the investigation of distribution and transport of different ions in building materials. Quantitative measurements are performed for chlorine, sodium, potassium, sulphur, lithium and hydrogen. Beside this the identification of substances and the evaluation of quantitative ratios by means of an integrated marker are possible. An overview about the principle and the possibilities of LIBS investigations of building materials is presented and typical applications are shown. The LIBS technique is on the step from laboratory application to on-site analyses. T2 - 1st Ageing of materials & structures 2014 conference CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 26.05.2014 KW - Concrete deterioration KW - LIBS KW - Element mapping KW - Chemical analysis KW - Heterogeneity KW - Chlorine KW - Sulphur KW - Alkali silica reaction (ASR) PY - 2014 SN - 978-94-6186-313-3 SP - 461 EP - 468 AN - OPUS4-31178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Eichler, Thorsten A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Schaurich, Dieter ED - Grantham, M. ED - Basheer, P. A. M. ED - Magee, B. ED - Soutsos, M. T1 - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) - alternative to wet chemistry and micro-XRF N2 - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a combination of laser ablation, plasma formation and optical emission spectroscopy. The possibility of direct measurements on the sample surface, the minimum of necessary sample preparation and the automated setup allows for fast investigations of building materials. In combination with a scanning technique (translation stage or scanning mirrors head) the element distribution can be evaluated in consideration of the material's heterogeneity. LIBS measurements are also time-and cost-saving. The ingress profile of chlorine on a 50mm diameter concrete core up to a depth of 50mm can be measured and evaluated in less than 10 minutes. The results are normally referred to the evaporated mass, which is approximately the cement mass of the specific concrete. As a completion to micro XRF measurements also light elements like sodium or hydrogen can be detected. The spatial resolution of the measurement may reach 50 ìm at a maximum measurement frequency of up to 100 Hz. On the basis of calibration curves, results can be quantified. T2 - Concrete Solutions 2014 CY - Belfast, UK DA - 01.09.2014 KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) KW - Chlorine KW - Sodium PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-138-02708-4 SP - 611 EP - 615 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-31722 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molkenthin, André A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter T1 - Visualisierung des Anionen- und Kationentransportes sowie die Quantifizierung des Cl- und S-Gehaltes mittels Laserinduzierter Breakdown-Spektroskopie (LIBS) KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure Reaktion KW - Tausalz KW - Ionen Transport KW - Chlorid KW - Sulfat PY - 2007 SN - 0514-2946 VL - 1 SP - 30 EP - 33 CY - Wien, Österreich AN - OPUS4-18632 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molkenthin, André A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Imaging of cation and anion transport in building materials by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy T2 - 5th International Essen Workshop "Transport in Concrete - Nanostructure and Macrostructure" (TRANSCON 07) CY - Essen, Deutschland DA - 2007-06-11 KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure Reaktion KW - Tausalz KW - Ionen Transport PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931681-88-3 SP - 117 EP - 126 PB - Aedificatio Verl. CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-18634 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weritz, Friederike A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Visualization of chloride and sulfate ingress into concrete by element distributions and depth profiles determined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) T2 - 5th International Essen Workshop "Transport in Concrete - Nanostructure and Macrostructure" (TRANSCON 07) CY - Essen, Deutschland DA - 2007-06-11 KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate KW - Depth profile PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931681-88-3 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - Aedificatio Verl. CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-18635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Taffe, Alexander A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Weritz, Friederike ED - M.G. Alexander, ED - H.-D. Beushausen, ED - F. Dehn, ED - P. Moyo, T1 - Development of a portable LIBS-device for quality assurance in concrete repair T2 - 2nd International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 2008-11-24 KW - NDT KW - Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy KW - Quality assurance KW - Damage analysis KW - Concrete repair KW - Chloride KW - Sulphate PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-415-46850-3 SP - 547 EP - 549 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton AN - OPUS4-18601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Borchardt, Kerstin A1 - Lange, Marco A1 - Behrens, Matthias A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Milmann, Boris A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Hintzpeter, F. A1 - Sodeikat, C. T1 - Kosteneinsparung durch Anwendung zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren für Betonbauteile beim Bauen im Bestand N2 - In Zeiten knapper Kassen wird überall nach Wegen gesucht Kosten einzusparen. Im Bauwesen geht es dabei um Kosteneinsparungen ohne Reduktion der Sicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit des Bauwerks. Beim Bauen im Bestand können mit einer zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Bauwerken die Weiternutzung oder die erforderlichen Umbauten optimiert werden und so Kosten eingespart werden. KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Bauen im Bestand KW - Radar KW - Ultraschallecho KW - Kosteneinsparung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-8167-8611-5 VL - 101 SP - 1 EP - 95 PB - Fraunhofer IRB Verl. CY - Stuttgart ET - Abschlussbericht AN - OPUS4-26649 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -