TY - JOUR A1 - Oberpaul, M. A1 - Zumkeller, C. M. A1 - Culver, T. A1 - Spohn, M. A1 - Mihajlovic1, S. A1 - Leis, B. A1 - Glaeser, S. P. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Hammann, P. A1 - Schäberle, T. F. A1 - Glaeser, J. A1 - Vilcinskas, A. T1 - High-Throughput Cultivation for the Selective Isolation of Acidobacteria From Termite Nests N2 - Microbial communities in the immediate environment of socialized invertebrates can help to suppress pathogens, in part by synthesizing bioactive natural products. Here we characterized the core microbiomes of three termite species (genus Coptotermes) and their nest material to gain more insight into the diversity of termite-associated bacteria. Sampling a healthy termite colony over time implicated a consolidated and highly stable microbiome, pointing toward the fact that beneficial bacterial phyla play a major role in termite fitness. In contrast, there was a significant shift in the composition of the core microbiome in one nest during a fungal infection, affecting the abundance of wellcharacterized Streptomyces species (phylum Actinobacteria) as well as less-studied bacterial phyla such as Acidobacteria. High-throughput cultivation in microplates was implemented to isolate and identify these less-studied bacterial phylogenetic group. Amplicon sequencing confirmed that our method maintained the bacterial diversity of the environmental samples, enabling the isolation of novel Acidobacteriaceae and expanding the list of cultivated species to include two strains that may define new species within the genera Terracidiphilus and Acidobacterium. KW - Termite-associated microbes KW - Termites KW - Coptotermes KW - Core microbiome KW - Natural products discovery KW - Acidobacteria KW - underexplored phyla KW - Social insects PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515283 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.597628 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 16 AN - OPUS4-51528 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palanti, S. A1 - Cragg, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Resistance against marine borers: About the revision of EN 275 and the attempt for a new laboratory standard for Limnoria N2 - Wood protection technology in the marine environment has changed over the last decades and will continue to do so. New active ingredients, newer formulations, and novel wood-based materials including physically- and chemically-modified wood, together with increasing concerns over environmental impacts of wood preservatives, urgently demand a major revision of EN 275 “Wood preservatives – Determination of the Protective Effectiveness against Marine Borers”, dated from 1992. This IRG document reports on the technical work in CEN TC 38 regarding the revision of this standard. A Task Group within WG 24 of CEN TC 38 was formed consisting of experts from different field of competence (e.g. wood preservatives industry, wood scientists, marine biologists, archaeologists and cultural heritage conservators). Starting by e-mail correspondence in 2014, and continuing with four physical meetings (Berlin 2x, Florence, Venice) with experts from Germany, Italy, Sweden, and UK were held so far. Significant items for revision in EN 275 were identified as: number of replicates, duration of the test, dimension of specimens, number of test sites, number of reference species, reference material including reference preservative, re-immersion of specimens after non-destructive periodical evaluation for longer periods of time vs higher number of replicates for successive destructive examinations without re-immersion, utilization of X- ray apparatus and specific software to ease evaluation, etc. Furthermore, the task group is working on a standardized lab test for time-saving evaluation of different wood qualities for their potential to resist attack by limnorids. The suitability of this lab test will be determined by round robin tests as soon as safe face-to-face collaboration permits. The outcome will be published as a CEN TR (Technical Report) document, with a view to eventual adoption within the revised standard. T2 - THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH GROUP ON WOOD PROTECTION CY - Online meeting DA - 10.06.2020 KW - Standardization KW - Marine borers KW - Bankia sp KW - Teredo sp KW - Limnoria spp KW - Durability PY - 2020 VL - 2020 SP - IRG/WP 20-20669-1 EP - IRG/WP 20-20669-11 CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-52064 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoyer, C. A1 - Pfütze, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Trommler, U. A1 - Steinbach, S. A1 - Klutzny, Kerstin A1 - Holzer, F. A1 - Rabe, C. A1 - Höhlig, B. A1 - Schmidt, S. A1 - Roland, U. T1 - Chemical-free pest control by dielectric heating with radio waves and microwaves: Thermal effects N2 - Thermal pest control with hot air is widely accepted as an alternative to chemical methods. However, it requires relatively long treatment times owing to the low thermal conductivity of wood. Direct dielectric heating that applies radio waves or microwaves has the advantage of more homogeneous heating. However, Sound experimental data on this technique are currently rare. Therefore, the thermal treatment of wood-destroying insects with radio waves and microwaves was studied with two model pests, Anobium punctatum and Hylotrupes bajulus, and with Tenebrio molitor as a reference. The secure elimination of pests was achieved, and the corresponding treatment time was in the range of a few minutes. Temperature profiles were more homogeneous when applying radio waves. KW - Dielectric heating KW - Microwaves KW - Pest control KW - Radio waves KW - Wood protection PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600712 SN - 1521-4125 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 108 EP - 115 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-43527 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Vengrinovich, V. A1 - Zolotarev, S. A1 - Kuntsevich, A. ED - Thompson, D. T1 - New technique for 2D and 3D X-ray image restoration of pipes in service given a limited access for observation T2 - 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Ames, IA, USA DA - 2000-07-16 PY - 2000 SN - 1-563-96988-2 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Geburtsname von Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. - Birth name of Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 557 SP - 8 Seiten PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Podoliako, S. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Samadurau, Uladzimir ED - Thompson, D. T1 - Monte Carlo Simulation Tool with CAD Interface T2 - 32th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Brunswick, ME, USA DA - 2005-07-31 KW - Monte Carlo Simulation KW - Radiography KW - CAD PY - 2006 SN - 0-7354-0312-0 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 820 SP - 574 EP - 581 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-12436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Murthy, J.K. A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Rüdiger, S. A1 - Ünveren, Ercan A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kemnitz, E. T1 - Synthesis and characterization of chromium(III)-doped magnesium fluoride catalysts N2 - Cr3+-doped MgF2 systems are synthesised by a novel non-aqueous soft chemistry route using different Cr precursors and varying Cr loading. These systems have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, TPD of ammonia, FT-IR pyridine adsorption analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for their catalytic activity in dismutation of CCl2F2 and CF3–CHClF. Catalysts synthesised starting from CrO3 or (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2 showed better catalytic activity than those prepared with CrCl3. FT-IR pyridine adsorption studies reveal that the catalytic activity is highly correlated with the Lewis acid strength. In TPD of NH3 catalysts prepared from CrO3 and (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2, precursors showed a similar behaviour, different from that of catalysts prepared from CrCl3. KW - Lewis acid KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Metal fluoride KW - Doped systems PY - 2005 SN - 0926-860X SN - 1873-3875 VL - 282 IS - 1-2 SP - 85 EP - 91 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vengrinovich, V. A1 - Denkevich, Y. A1 - Zolotarev, S. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe T1 - Tomographic reconstruction and wall thickness measurement with special attention to scattered radiation for in-service inspection of pipes KW - Nondestructive evaluation KW - Tomography KW - X-rays PY - 2005 SN - 0934-9847 SN - 1432-2110 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 34 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Philadelphia, Pa. AN - OPUS4-11884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Podoliako, S. T1 - Monte-Carlo-Simulation und CAD KW - Prozeßtomographie KW - Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen KW - Markov-Felder KW - Statistische Estimationstheorie KW - Kalman-Filter PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.100650 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 210 EP - 218 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-11605 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strassert, J.F.H. A1 - Köhler, T. A1 - Wienemann, T. H. G. A1 - Ikeda-Ohtsubo, W. A1 - Faivre, N. A1 - Franckenberg, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Radek, R. A1 - Brune, A. T1 - 'Candidatus ancillula trichonymphae', a novel lineage of endosymbiotic actinobacteria in termite gut flagellates of the genus trichonympha N2 - Termite gut flagellates are colonized by host-specific lineages of ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that flagellates of the genus Trichonympha may harbour more than one type of symbiont. Using a comprehensive approach that combined cloning of SSU rRNA genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy, we investigated the phylogeny and subcellular locations of the symbionts in a variety of Trichonympha species from different termites. The flagellates in Trichonympha Cluster I were the only species associated with 'Endomicrobia', which were located in the posterior part of the cell, confirming previous results. Trichonympha species of Cluster II from the termite genus Incisitermes (family Kalotermitidae) lacked 'Endomicrobia' and were associated with endosymbiotic Actinobacteria, which is highly unusual. The endosymbionts, for which we suggest the name 'Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae', represent a novel, deep-branching lineage in the Micrococcineae that consists exclusively of clones from termite guts. They preferentially colonized the anterior part of the flagellate host and were highly abundant in all species of Trichonympha Cluster II except Trichonympha globulosa. Here, they were outnumbered by a Desulfovibrio species associated with the cytoplasmic lamellae at the anterior cell pole. Such symbionts are present in both Trichonympha clusters, but not in all species. Unlike the intracellular location reported for the Desulfovibrio symbionts of Trichonympha agilis (Cluster I), the Desulfovibrio symbionts of T. globulosa (Cluster II) were situated in deep invaginations of the plasma membrane that were clearly connected to the exterior of the host cell. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12012 SN - 1462-2912 SN - 1462-2920 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 3259 EP - 3270 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-27566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Podoliako, S. A1 - Skachkov, M. T1 - On Modelling Experiment with Ionizing Radiation KW - Monte Carlo Verfahren KW - CAD KW - Radiographie PY - 2007 SN - 0234-0879 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 72 EP - 80 CY - Moskva AN - OPUS4-16126 LA - rus AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinbach, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Klutzny, Kerstin T1 - Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit von Mikrowellen zur Abtötung von 'echtem Hausschwamm' (Serpula lacrymans), 'Gemeinem Nagekäfer' (Anobium punctatum) und 'Hausbockkäfer' (Hylotrupes bajulus) PY - 2012 SN - 1615-4916 IS - September SP - 29 EP - 31 PB - DHBV GmbH CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-26571 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Steinbach, S. A1 - Roland, U. A1 - Trommler, U. A1 - Hoyer, C. T1 - Thermische Bekämpfungsverfahren im Holzschutz mit elektromagnetischen Wellen N2 - Bekämpfungsverfahren gegen Organismen, die in Deutschland Bauholz wirtschaftlich bedeutend schädigen können, sind in der DIN 68800 Teil 4: 02/2012 „Holzschutz - Bekämpfungs- und Sanierungsmaßnahmen gegen Holz zerstörende Pilze und Insekten“ regeltechnisch zusammengefasst und gewichtet. Dabei wird je nach Verfahren und Schadorganismus zwischen Regelsanierung und Sondermaßnahmen unterschieden. So wird z. B. bei den thermischen Maßnahmen im Sinne der Norm das sogenannte Heißluftverfahren gegen Insekten als Regelsanierung bezeichnet, wogegen es gegen Pilze nicht als solche ausgewiesen ist. Gleiches gilt für elektrophysikalische Verfahren sowohl gegen Pilze als auch gegen Insekten. Dies begründet sich dadurch, dass bei Erstellung der Norm Zweifel bezüglich weitgehender Allgemeingültigkeit und Praxisbewährtheit elektrophysikalischer Verfahren, wie sie zur Erwärmung des befallenen Holzes eingesetzt werden, bestanden. Somit erklärt sich auch, dass die Rahmenbedingungen einer erfolgreichen Bekämpfung mittels z. B. Mikrowellen denen des Heißluftverfahrens gleichgesetzt wurden, nämlich die vollständige Erwärmung des befallenen Holzbauteils auf eine Mindesttemperatur von 55° C für eine Dauer von mindestens 60 min. Die physikalisch-chemischen Vorteile der zeitgleichen Wärmegeneration im gesamten Holzkörper durch elektromagnetische Felder im Vergleich zum sukzessiven Wärmeeintrag durch Konduktion fanden keine Berücksichtigung. T2 - 22. Tagung des Sächsischen Holzschutzverbandes - Modernes Bauen mit Holz CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 16.03.2013 KW - Holzschutz KW - Mikrowellentechnik KW - Radiowellentechnik KW - Normung PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-8167-9132-4 SN - 978-3-8167-9133-1 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Fraunhofer IRB Verl. AN - OPUS4-29721 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwabe, M. A1 - Griep, S. A1 - Schmidtberg, H. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Goesmann, A. A1 - Vilcinskas, A. A1 - Vogel, H. A1 - Brinkrolf, K. T1 - Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Tineola bisselliella Larval Gut Transcriptome Reveals Candidate Enzymes for Keratin Digestion N2 - The clothes moth Tineola bisselliella is one of a few insects that can digest keratin, leading to the destruction of clothing, textiles and artwork. The mechanism of keratin digestion is not yet fully understood, partly reflecting the lack of publicly available genomic and transcriptomic data. Here we present a high-quality gut transcriptome of T. bisselliella generated from larvae reared on keratin-rich and keratin-free diets. The overall transcriptome consists of 428,221 contigs that were functionally annotated and screened for candidate enzymes involved in keratin utilization. As a mechanism for keratin digestion, we identified cysteine synthases, cystathionine β-synthases and cystathionine γ-lyases. These enzymes release hydrogen sulfite, which may reduce the disulfide bonds in keratin. The dataset also included 27 differentially expressed contigs with trypsin domains, among which 20 were associated with keratin feeding. Finally, we identified seven collagenases that were upregulated on the keratin-rich diet. In addition to this enzymatic repertoire potentially involved in breaking down keratin, our analysis of poly(A)-enriched and poly(A)-depleted transcripts suggested that T. bisselliella larvae possess an unstable intestinal microbiome that may nevertheless contribute to keratin digestion KW - Insect biotechnology KW - Gene expression KW - RNA-Sequencing KW - Transcriptomics KW - Tineola bisselliella KW - Keratin PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529902 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12081113 VL - 12 IS - 8 SP - 1113 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-52990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoyer, C. A1 - Pfütze, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Trommler, U. A1 - Steinbach, S. A1 - Klutzny, Kerstin A1 - Holzer, F. A1 - Rabe, C. A1 - Höhlig, B. A1 - Kopinke, F.-D. A1 - Schmidt, D. A1 - Roland, U. T1 - Chemikalienfreie Bekämpfung von Holzschädlingen durch dielektrische Erwärmung mit Radiowellen und Mikrowellen N2 - Die thermische Bekämpfung von Holzschädlingen erfordert wegen der geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Holz lange Behandlungszeiten und kann zur Rissbildung führen. Hier wurde die thermische Behandlung mittels Radio- und Mikrowellen untersucht. Die direkte, dielektrische Erwärmung hat den Vorteil einer größeren Homogenität der Aufheizung. Die mit Radiowellen erzielten Temperaturprofile waren homogener als die mit Mikrowellen realisierten. Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Abtötung nicht auf die direkte Einwirkung von elektromagnetischen Feldern, sondern auf die Temperaturerhöhung zurückzuführen ist.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thermal pest control requires long treatment times due to the low thermal conductivity of wood and may lead to the formation of cracks. Here, the thermal treatment with radio waves as well as microwaves has been studied. The direct dielectric heating has the advantage of a good homogeneity. The obtained temperature profiles for radio waves were more homogeneous compared to microwaves. Detailed studies showed that elimination of pests was not related to the application of the electromagnetic field itself, but due to the temperature increase. KW - Dielektrische Erwärmung KW - Holzschutz KW - Mikrowellen KW - Radiowellen KW - Bekämpfung KW - Insekten KW - Dielectric heating KW - Microwaves KW - Pest control KW - Radio waves PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201300091 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 86 IS - 8 SP - 1187 EP - 1197 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-31301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Markov, M. A1 - Podolyako, S. A1 - Uskov, R. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Supercomputing the cascade processes of radiation transport N2 - Modeling of the photon-electron cascade progress in multicomponent objects of complex geometrical structure by use of hybrid supercomputers is considered. An approach to computing the cascade processes is developed. The approach has three key properties allowing the effective use of heterogeneous structure of computers for solving the tasks of radiation transport in complex multi-scale geometries. Firstly, two different discreet geometrical description of an object being under radiation is used: triangulated model for photon transport and voxel model for electron transport. Secondly, small parameter of the problem is explicitly taking into account for modeling surface effects (for instance, electron emission). Thirdly, the effective calculation decomposition between CPU and GPU is developed for significant increasing the speed of calculations of processes in question. Modeling of experiment on researching the bremsstrahlung generated by electron beam in Ta target is carried out. Comparison of computing and experimental results shows satisfactory consent. T2 - 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Super somputing KW - Photon-electron transport KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Modelling PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365932 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. A1 - Kaftandjian, V. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Mathy, F. A1 - Legoupil, S. ED - Büyüköztürk, O. T1 - Modelling of radiographic inspections N2 - Computer modelling of non-destructive testing methods has come a long way from the beginnings in the mid 90s to today. Radiographic modelling for components with higher wall thicknesses, as they are typical for nuclear applications, must include precise predictions of scattered radiation and its impact in terms of contrast reduction. Dedicated or general purpose Monte Carlo methods with the ability to calculate higher order scattering events are the state of the art for these applications. Aerospace applications, on the other hand, have stronger requirements on the modelling code's capabilities to import complex CAD geometries, and can benefit from faster analytical scatter models, limited to first or second order scattering events. Similar distinctions can be made for the various approaches proposed to accurately model geometrical and film unsharpness, film granularity, film responses, film/foil cartridges and photon noise. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of radiographic modelling from the perspective of two important application domains with very different requirements, nuclear and aerospace. T2 - NDTMS-2011 CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 15.05.2011 KW - Computer modelling KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Radiography KW - Film KW - Selenium PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-0722-1 SN - 978-94-007-0723-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_99 VL - 6 SP - 697 EP - 702 PB - Springer Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, Shulin A1 - Johnston, P. R. A1 - Kuropka, B. A1 - Lokatis, S. A1 - Weise, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Termite soldiers contribute to social immunity by synthesizing potent oral secretions N2 - The importance of soldiers to termite Society defence has long been recognized, but the contribution of soldiers to other societal functions, such as colony immunity, is less well understood. We explore this issue by examining the role of soldiers in protecting nestmates against pathogen infection. Even though they are unable to engage in grooming behaviour, we find that the presence of soldiers of the Darwin termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis, significantly improves the survival of nestmates following entomopathogenic infection. We also show that the copious exocrine oral secretions produced by Darwin termite soldiers contain a high concentration of Proteins involved in digestion, chemical biosynthesis, and immunity. The oral secretions produced by soldiers are sufficient to protect nestmates against infection, and they have potent inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of microbes. Our findings support the view that soldiers may play an important role in colony immunity, and broaden our understanding of the possible function of soldiers during the origin of soldier-first societies. KW - External KW - Social KW - Immunity KW - Soldier KW - Antimicrobial KW - Proteome PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12499 SN - 1365-2583 SN - 0962-1075 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 564 EP - 576 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-45726 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söftje, M. A1 - Acker, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Namyslo, J. C. A1 - Kaufmann, D. E. T1 - Novel nicotinoid structures for covalent modification of wood: an environmentally friendly way for its protection against insects N2 - Timber is constantly exposed to environmental influences under outdoor conditions which limits its Lifetime and usability. In order to counteract the damaging processes caused by insects, we have developed a novel and more environmentally friendly method to protect wood materials via covalent modification by organic insecticides. Starting with an important class of synthetic insecticides which are derived from the natural insecticide nicotine, various new carboxylic acid derivatives of imidacloprid were made accessible. These activated neonicotinoids were utilized for the chemical modification of wood hydroxy groups. In contrast to conventional wood preservation methods in which biocides are only physically bound to the surface for a limited time, the covalent fixation of the preservative guarantees a permanent effect against wood pests, demonstrated in standardized biological tests. Additionally, the environmental interaction caused by non-bound neonicotinoids is significantly reduced, since both, a smaller application rate is required and leaching of the active ingredient is prevented. By minimizing the pest infestation, the lifetime of the material increases while preserving the natural appearance of the material. KW - Environment KW - Wood Protection KW - Efficacy KW - Insecticide PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506856 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02071k VL - 10 SP - 15726 EP - 15733 AN - OPUS4-50685 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra. A1 - Davis, H. E. A1 - Meconcelli, S. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Inhibition of a Secreted Immune Molecule Interferes With Termite Social Immunity N2 - Social immune behaviors are described in a great variety of insect societies and their role in preventing emerging infectious diseases has become a major topic in insect research. The social immune system consists of multiple layers, ranging from the synthesis of external immune molecules to the coordination of individual behaviors into sophisticated collective defensive tasks. But our understanding of how complex group-level behavioral defenses are orchestrated has remained limited. We sought to address this gap in knowledge by investigating the relationship between the external activity of an important immune effector molecule in termites, Gram negative binding protein 2 (GNBP-2) and collective grooming and cannibalism. We reasoned that as an external enzyme capable of degrading entomopathogenic fungi, GNBP-2 can facilitate the spread of pathogenic molecules in the colony, and thus serve to trigger collective defenses in a manner analogous to pathogen-associated molecular signatures (PAMPs) of the individual immune system. To test whether GNBP-2 could play a role in regulating social immune behavior, we experimentally inhibited its fungicidal activity using the glycomimetic molecule, D-d-gluconolactone (GDL) and recorded collective behavioral responses to an infected nestmate. Contrary to expectations, GNBP-2 inhibition did not influence the rate or intensity of grooming of either control or fungus-infected nestmates. By contrast, we found that the probability of being harmed through defensive cannibalistic behaviors was significantly reduced by the inhibition of GNBP-2. Our findings indicate that the regulation of collective immune behaviors may depend in part on the external secretion of an enzyme originating from the individual immune system, but that other cues are also necessary. KW - Entomopathogen KW - Termite KW - Social immunity KW - Cannibalism KW - GNBP-2 KW - Hygienic behavior KW - GDL KW - Metarhizium PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520037 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00075 VL - 8 SP - Article 75 AN - OPUS4-52003 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Zagonov, V. P. A1 - Zukhovsky, M. E. A1 - Podolyako, S.V. A1 - Skachkov, M.V. T1 - Boundary Description Approach Application for Modeling the X-Ray Transformation in Computational Diagnostics Problems KW - Radiographie KW - Modellierung KW - Oberflächenmodelle KW - CAD KW - Monte Carlo Modell PY - 2004 SN - 1048-5082 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 103 EP - 116 PB - Birkhäuser CY - Boston, Mass. AN - OPUS4-4592 LA - rus AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Podoliako, S.V. T1 - Mathematical modeling of radiography experiments N2 - An approach is presented to construct operators for transforming the characteristics of incident radiation to transmitted radiation, as well as operators for transforming the transmitted radiation to measured values. Simu-lating the radiation transport is based on Monte Carlo modeling of the interaction of X-ray photons and electrons with matter. The proposed method permits to construct, for instance, the operator connecting the initial radiation spectrum with the absorbed photon energy penetrating a given object. The elaborated approach provides the possibility of effective mathematical modeling of radiation techniques such as radiography, treating complex multi-component objects. Moreover, the method can be used to construct the operator equation for solving in-verse problems, e.g. the reconstruction of the initial radiation spectrum using simple experimental measure-ments. Comparison with some experimental measurements is presented. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 2012-04-16 KW - Radiography KW - Operator of radiation transformation KW - Mathematical modeling KW - Spectrum reconstruction PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 7 (Paper 305) AN - OPUS4-27401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Protasov, E A1 - Noah, J O A1 - Kästle Silva, J O A1 - Mies, U S A1 - Hervé, V A1 - Dietrich, C A1 - Lang, K A1 - Mikulski, L A1 - Platt, K A1 - Poehlein, A A1 - Köhler-Ramm, T A1 - Miambi, E A1 - Boga, H I A1 - Feldewert, C A1 - Ngugi, G K A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D A1 - Šobotník, J A1 - Daniel, R A1 - Brune, A T1 - Diversity and taxonomic revision of methanogens and other archaea in the intestinal tract of terrestrial arthropods N2 - Methane emission by terrestrial invertebrates is restricted to millipedes, termites, cockroaches, and scarab beetles. The arthropod-associated archaea known to date belong to the orders Methanobacteriales, Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales, and in a few cases also to nonmethanogenic Nitrososphaerales and Bathyarchaeales. However, all major host groups are severely undersampled, and the taxonomy of existing lineages is not well developed. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes of arthropod-associated archaea are scarce, reference databases lack resolution, and the names of many taxa are either not validly published or under-classified and require revision. Here, we investigated the diversity of archaea in a wide range of methane-emitting arthropods, combining phylogenomic analysis of isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with amplicon sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. Our results allowed us to describe numerous new species in hitherto undescribed taxa among the orders Methanobacteriales (Methanacia, Methanarmilla, Methanobaculum, Methanobinarius, Methanocatella, Methanoflexus, Methanorudis, and Methanovirga, all gen. nova), Methanomicrobiales (Methanofilum and Methanorbis, both gen. nova), Methanosarcinales (Methanofrustulum and Methanolapillus, both gen. nova), Methanomassiliicoccales (Methanomethylophilaceae fam. nov., Methanarcanum, Methanogranum, Methanomethylophilus, Methanomicula, Methanoplasma, Methanoprimaticola, all gen. nova), and the new family Bathycorpusculaceae (Bathycorpusculum gen. nov.). Reclassification of amplicon libraries from this and previous studies using this new taxonomic framework revealed that arthropods harbor only CO2 and methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Numerous genus-level lineages appear to be present exclusively in arthropods,suggesting long evolutionary trajectories with their termite, cockroach, and millipede hosts, and a radiation into various microhabitats and ecological nichesprovided by their digestive tracts (e.g., hindgut compartments, gut wall, or anaerobic protists). The distribution patterns among the different host groups are often complex, indicating a mixed mode of transmission and a parallel evolution of invertebrate and vertebrate-associated lineages. KW - Nitrososphaerales KW - Archaea KW - Methanogens KW - Gut microbiota KW - Termites KW - Cockroaches KW - Millipedes KW - Bathyarchaeia PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588230 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281628 SN - 1664-302X VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Frontiers AN - OPUS4-58823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -