TY - CONF
A1 - Rosner, Martin
A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Voerkelius, S.
T1 - Boron isotope compositions of crop plants: A new tracer for the origin and authenticity of food
T2 - TRACE 5th Annual Meeting and Conference
CY - Freising, Germany
DA - 2009-04-01
KW - Boron isotopes in food
KW - Provenance studies
KW - Reference materials
KW - Analytical uncertainty
PY - 2009
IS - Session A / Part I
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-20293
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Kreutzbruck, Marc
A1 - Rühe, S.
ED - Mazal, Pavel
T1 - High speed non-destructive rail testing with advanced ultrasound and eddy-current testing techniques
T2 - 5th International workshop of NDT experts - NDT in progress 2009
CY - Prague, Czech Republic
DA - 2009-10-12
KW - Non-destructive testing (NDT)
KW - Rail inspection
KW - Ultrasound
KW - Eddy current
KW - Signal processing
PY - 2009
SN - 978-80-214-3968-9
SP - 101
EP - 109
AN - OPUS4-20340
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Kreutzbruck, Marc
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - High speed non-destructive rail testing with advanced ultrasound and eddy-current testing techniques
N2 - Today the rails face increased exposure to heavy loads, higher speeds and a very dense overall traffic. A continued development of testing methods for the rail inspection trains became necessary to match the modern needs for a fast detection and detailed classification of defects. To guarantee the safe operation of rail traffic non-destructive inspection techniques with combined ultrasound and eddy current testing methods are used to detect damages on rails. One of the main actual challenges of automated rail testing is the high inspection speed which is very close to the physical limits. To overcome these limits digital signal processing algorithms have to be used which maintain resolution and detection quality independent of operation speed. This paper presents a recently developed state of the art rail inspection system which uses advanced ultrasonic and eddy current testing techniques. Testing results are shown in a newly developed so called Glassy-Rail-Diagram which is capable to present data with a fixed resolution independent of inspection speed.
T2 - NDE 2009
CY - Tiruchirappalli, India
DA - 2009-12-10
KW - Non-destructive testing (NDT)
KW - Rail inspection
KW - Ultrasound
KW - Eddy current
KW - Signal processing
PY - 2009
SP - 261
EP - 265
AN - OPUS4-20883
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, H. S.
A1 - Fenchel, M.
A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Gardei, André
A1 - Mielentz, Frank
A1 - Milmann, Boris
A1 - Röllig, Mathias
A1 - Wöstmann, Jens
T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Ortung von Gefügestörungen in Betonbodenplatten
N2 - Das Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens „Zerstörungsfreie Ortung von Gefügestörungen in Betonbodenplatten“ bestand in der Entwicklung eines Untersuchungskonzepts zur sicheren Ortung und Erfassung von Gefügestörungen in einseitig zugänglichen Betonplatten durch den kombinierten Einsatz verschiedener zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren. Hierfür wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit der folgenden Messverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer Aussageschärfe, Anwendungsgrenzen und Messgeschwindigkeit bei praxisnahen Randbedingungen untersucht:
- Impakt-Echo, manuelle Impaktauslösung
- Impakt-Echo, automatisierte Impaktauslösung
- Ultraschall-Echo mit multistatischem Array
- Impuls-Thermografie
- Radar
Als Versuchskörper dienten sechs liegend hergestellte Betonplatten der Abmessungen 200/200/30 cm aus zwei verschiedenen Betongüten und mit unterschiedlichem Bewehrungsgehalt (Bewehrungsgrade 0 %, 0 ,9 %, 2 ,6 %), von denen vier Platten auf trockenem und zwei Platten auf ständig nass gehaltenem Sand gelagert waren. Alle sechs Platten enthielten jeweils dieselben künstlich eingebrachten Fehlstellen: vier quadratische Kiesnester in unterschiedlicher Tiefe mit Kantenlängen zwischen 10 und 15 cm sowie drei oberflächennahe Hohlstellen (Ø 4/6/8 cm). Zur Erfassung eines möglichen Einflusses des Betonalters wurden die Messungen 4 Tage, 28 Tage sowie 180 Tage nach Herstellung der Platten durchgeführt.
Um aus den Untersuchungen einen breiten Nutzen für die Praxis zu erzielen, basierten die eingesetzten Messverfahren auf handelsüblichen Geräten, welche jedoch bezüglich ihres Messprinzips und insbesondere der Datenerfassung und -auswertung weiterentwickelt wurden. Die Fehlstellengröße wurde bewusst klein gewählt.
Mit Ausnahme des manuellen Impakt-Echo-Verfahrens, mit welchem unter Verwendung der Originalsoftware des Herstellers keine Fehlstellen nachweisbar waren, zeigten sich alle Messverfahren geeignet, unter verschiedenen Randbedingungen Gefügestörungen zu lokalisieren. Insgesamt wurde jeder Fehlstellentyp von zumindest einem Verfahren bei mindestens zwei Versuchskörpern detektiert. Es konnten jedoch an keiner Betonplatte mit einem einzelnen Messverfahren alle vorhandenen Fehlstellen an allen Messterminen geortet werden.
Am häufigsten wurden die beiden großen oberflächennahen Fehlstellen (Hohlstelle Ø 8 cm, Kiesnest 10 cm) erkannt. Am schwersten zu lokalisieren waren die kleine Hohlstelle mit 4 cm Durchmesser sowie die beiden auf der Unterseite gelegenen Kiesnester.
Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung zerstörungsfreier Messverfahren in der Praxis die Auswahl des am besten geeigneten Verfahrens bzw. einer Kombination verschiedener Verfahren jeweils auf die vorliegende Problemstellung abgestimmt sein muss.
Für Betonbodenplatten mit hohem Feuchtegehalt (junger Beton) oder starker Bewehrung ist entweder das Ultraschall- oder das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren geeignet. Das Ultraschall-Verfahren wird von hohen Bewehrungsgehalten zwar stärker beeinflusst als das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren, besitzt aber eine bessere Auflösung und ermöglicht auch im oberflächennahen Bereich eine quantitative Bestimmung der Fehlstellentiefe. Das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren kann wegen der niederfrequenten Impulsanregung Fehlstellen erst in größeren Tiefen und mit schlechterer Auflösung nachweisen, ist aber ideal geeignet zur Bestimmung der Plattendicke aufgrund seines signifikanten Rückwandechos. Sowohl das Radar-Verfahren als auch die Impuls-Thermografie können bei hohen Feuchte- und Bewehrungsgehalten nur sehr oberflächennah eingesetzt werden.
Bei trockenem Beton und geringen bis mittleren Bewehrungsgehalten liefert das Radar-Verfahren sehr gute Ergebnisse. In kurzer Zeit ermöglicht es eine flächendeckende Ortung der Tiefenlage und Größe von Inhomogenitäten bei guter Auflösungsgenauigkeit. Vorhandene Bewehrung wird deutlich abgebildet, kann aber darunterliegende Fehlstellen verschatten. Alternativ kann die Impuls-Thermografie für die Ortung oberflächennaher Gefügestörungen eingesetzt werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere bei Oberflächen, die nicht direkt zugänglich sind, da zwischen Infrarotkamera und Messobjekt nur Sichtkontakt bestehen muss.
Die Betongüte hatte bei keinem eingesetzten Verfahren einen erkennbaren Einfluss auf die Messergebnisse. Streng genommen ist dies jedoch nur für den Einfluss des Wasserzementwertes, der Zementart und des Zementgehalts bei gleichbleibender Sieblinie und gleicher Kornart gültig. Bei Verwendung von Leichtzuschlag sind abweichende Ergebnisse denkbar.
PY - 2010
SN - 978-3-410-65075-1
SN - 0171-7197
IS - 589
SP - 1
EP - 88
PB - Beuth
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-22699
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rosner, Martin
A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Voerkelius, S.
T1 - Development and validation of a method to determine the boron isotopic composition of crop plants
N2 - We present a comprehensive chemical and mass spectrometric method to determine boron isotopic compositions of plant tissue. The method including dry ashing, a three-step ion chromatographic boron–matrix separation, and 11B/10B isotope ratio determinations using the Cs2BO2+ graphite technique has been validated using certified reference and quality control materials. The developed method is capable to determine δ11B values in plant tissue down to boron concentrations of 1 mg/kg with an expanded uncertainty of ≤1.7‰ (k = 2). The determined δ11B values reveal an enormous isotopic range of boron in plant tissues covering three-quarters of the natural terrestrial occurring variation in the boron isotopic composition. As the local environment and anthropogenic activity mainly control the boron intake of plants, the boron isotopic composition of plants can be used for food provenance studies.
KW - Boron isotope variations
KW - Delta-scale
KW - Stable isotopes
KW - Isotope reference materials
KW - Provenance
KW - Authenticity
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102836h
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 83
IS - 7
SP - 2562
EP - 2568
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-23495
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rühe, S.
A1 - Dilz, K.
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Zösch, A.
T1 - Untersuchungen an lasergeschweißten Blechverbindungen mit Wirbelstrom
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2004
CY - Salzburg, Österreich
DA - 2004-05-17
KW - Wirbelstrom
KW - Laserschweißnaht
KW - Karosserieteile
PY - 2004
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp04/papers/p27/p27.htm
SN - 3-931381-55-2
SP - 1(?)
EP - 2(?)
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-5487
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bär, S.
A1 - Huber, G.
A1 - Gonzalo, J.
A1 - Perea, A.
A1 - Munz, Martin
T1 - Pulsed laser deposition of EU - Y2O3 thin films on (0001) alpha-Al2O3
N2 - This paper focuses on the preparation and characterization of crystalline thin films of rare-earth-doped sesquioxides (Y2O3, Lu2O3) grown by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films with thicknesses between 1 nm and 500 nm were highly textured along the 111 direction. Using Rutherford backscattering analysis, the correct stoichiometric composition of the films was established. The emission and excitation spectra of europium-doped films with a thickness 100 nm look similar to those of the corresponding crystalline bulk material, whereas films with a thickness 20 nm show a completely different emission behavior.
KW - Pulsed laser deposition
KW - Integrated optical devices
KW - X-ray diffraction
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Luminescence
PY - 2004
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0926860X
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-004-3029-8
SN - 0947-8396
VL - 80
IS - 2
SP - 209
EP - 216
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-5990
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Dilz, K.
A1 - Pohl, J.
A1 - Rühe, S.
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
T1 - Online-Schweißnahterkennung von Schienenprüfzügen mittels Wirbelstromverfahren
N2 - Zur Detektion von Schweißnähten an verlegten Schienen gehört deren Identifikation und Lokalisation. Die Aufgabe, Schweißnähte derart zu detektieren, stellt sich bei der Prüfung eines Gleisnetzes auf Schädigungen, aber auch unabhängig davon.
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2003
CY - Mainz, Deutschland
DA - 26.05.2003
PY - 2003
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp03/papers/v07/v07.htm
SN - 3-931381-47-1
N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V.
IS - 83-CD
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-3491
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Starke, K.
A1 - Ristau, D.
A1 - Martin, Sven
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Allenspacher, P.
A1 - Riede, W.
A1 - Meister, S.
A1 - Theiss, C.
A1 - Sabbah, A.
A1 - Rudolph, W.
A1 - Raab, V.
A1 - Grigonis, R.
A1 - Rakickas, T.
A1 - Sirutkaitis, V.
ED - Exarhos, G. J.
T1 - Results of a round-robin experiment in multiple-pulse LIDT measurement with ultrashort pulses
T2 - 35th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium ; 35th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers
CY - Boulder, CO, USA
DA - 2003-09-22
KW - Multiple-pulse damage
KW - ISO 11254-2
KW - S on 1-LIDT
KW - Round-robin experiment
KW - CHOCLAB
PY - 2004
SN - 0-8194-5163-0
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.525135
SN - 0038-7355
N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE
IS - 5273
SP - 388
EP - 395
PB - SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering
CY - Bellingham, Wash.
AN - OPUS4-4948
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bunte, J.
A1 - Barcikowski, S.
A1 - Burmester, T.
A1 - Püster, T.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Martin, Sven
A1 - Spielmann, C.
A1 - Lenner, M.
A1 - Brose, M.
T1 - Sicherer Umgang mit Ultrakurzpuls-Lasern, Teil 1: Primäre Gefährdungen
PY - 2005
SN - 0945-8875
IS - 2
SP - 6
EP - 11
PB - Magazin-Verl.
CY - Bad Nenndorf
AN - OPUS4-11001
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bunte, J.
A1 - Barcikowski, S.
A1 - Burmester, T.
A1 - Püster, T.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Martin, Sven
A1 - Spielmann, C.
A1 - Lenner, M.
A1 - Brose, M.
T1 - Sicherer Umgang mit Ultrakurzpuls-Lasern, Teil 2: Sekundäre Gefährdungen
PY - 2005
SN - 0945-8875
IS - 4
SP - 13
EP - 18
PB - Magazin-Verl.
CY - Bad Nenndorf
AN - OPUS4-11002
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Martin, S.
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
ED - Maruray, L.
T1 - Ultra-short Pulse Laser Safety - a Challenge to Materials Science
N2 - In this paper, safety-related experiments with ultra-short laser pulses (down to 30 fs) on various components
(goggles, curtains) for laser protection are presented. The damage and failure behaviour of
protective devices has been investigated dependent on practical conditions such as pulse duration, laser
.uence, pulse number, and repetition rate.
The e.ects of laser-irradiation on materials can be roughly divided into transient ones like laserinduced
transmission (LIT) or short-lived colour centres and permanent damages like the stable colour
centres and ablation. The former e.ects are particularly important for transparent devices like laser
goggles.
To obtain a complete overview on laser safety issues and the prevention of failure there are two
important .elds of investigation:
1. the e.ects of laser radiation on human eyes and skin, and
2. on the possible protection materials.
Both .elds have been addressed during the recently .nished German project SAFEST (safety aspects
in femtosecond technology). The amount of safety data available in the ultrashort pulse region has
been increased remarkably. This allows for a re-evaluation of known laser protection materials for this
region of pulse durations and for the evaluation of new designs that promise high protection levels
while being light-weight and convenient to use.
T2 - Optical design and engineering II
CY - Jena, Germany
DA - 2005-09-13
PY - 2005
N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE
IS - 5962
SP - 59622J-1 - 59622J-10
PB - SPIE
CY - Bellingham
AN - OPUS4-11593
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Frunza, L.
A1 - Schönhals, Andreas
A1 - Frunza, S.
A1 - Parvulescu, V.I.
A1 - Cojocaru, B.
A1 - Carriazo, D.
A1 - Martín, C.
A1 - Rives, V.
T1 - Rotational Fluctuations of Water Confined to Layered Oxide Materials - Nonmonotonous Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Times
N2 - The rotational molecular dynamics of water confined to layered oxide materials with brucite structure was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10-2 to 107 Hz and in a broad temperature interval. The layered double hydroxide samples show one relaxation process, which was assigned to fluctuations of water molecules forming a layer, strongly adsorbed to the oxide surface. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rates has an unusual saddlelike shape characterized by a maximum. The model of Ryabov et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845) recently applied to describe the dynamics of water molecules in porous glasses is employed also for the layered materials. This model assumes two competing effects: rotational fluctuations of water molecules that take place simultaneously with defect formation, allowing the creation of free volume necessary for reorientation. The activation energy of rotational fluctuations, the energy of defect formation, a pre-exponential factor, and the defect concentration are obtained as main parameters from a fit of this model to the data. The values of these parameters were compared with those found for water confined to nanoporous molecular sieves, porous glasses, or bulk ice. Several correlations were discussed in detail, such as the lower the value of the energy of defect formation, the higher the number of defects. The pre-exponential factor increases with increasing activation energy, as an expression of the compensation law, and indicates the cooperative nature of the motional process. The involvement of the surface OH groups and of the oxygen atoms of the interlayer anions in the formation of hydrogen bonds was further discussed. For the birnessite sample, the relaxation processes are probably overlaid by a dominating conductivity contribution, which is analyzed in its frequency and temperature dependence. It is found that the conductivity of birnessite obeys the characteristics of semiconducting disordered materials. Especially the Barton/Nakajima/Namikawa relationship is fulfilled. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the direct current (dc) conductivity σ0 in detail gives some hint that σ0(T) has also an unusual saddlelike form.
PY - 2007
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0717140
SN - 1089-5639
SN - 1520-5215
VL - 111
IS - 24
SP - 5166
EP - 5175
PB - Soc.
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-15718
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wessling, S.
A1 - Kessels, W.
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Krause, Ulrich
T1 - Investigating dynamic underground coal fires by means of numerical simulation
N2 - Uncontrolled burning or smoldering of coal seams, otherwise known as coal fires, represents a worldwide natural hazard. Efficient application of fire-fighting strategies and prevention of mining hazards require that the temporal evolution of fire propagation can be sufficiently precise predicted. A promising approach for the investigation of the temporal evolution is the numerical simulation of involved physical and chemical processes.
In the context of the Sino-German Research Initiative Innovative Technologies for Detection, Extinction and Prevention of Coal Fires in North China, a numerical model has been developed for simulating underground coal fires at large scales. The objective of such modelling is to investigate observables, like the fire propagation rate, with respect to the thermal and hydraulic parameters of adjacent rock. In the model, hydraulic, thermal and chemical processes are accounted for, with the last process complemented by laboratory experiments.
Numerically, one key challenge in modelling coal fires is to circumvent the small time steps resulting from the resolution of fast reaction kinetics at high temperatures. In our model, this problem is solved by means of an operator-splitting approach, in which transport and reactive processes of oxygen are independently calculated. At high temperatures, operator-splitting has the decisive advantage of allowing the global time step to be chosen according to oxygen transport, so that time-consuming simulation through the calculation of fast reaction kinetics is avoided. Also in this model, because oxygen distribution within a coal fire has been shown to remain constant over long periods, an additional extrapolation algorithm for the coal concentration has been applied.
In this paper, we demonstrate that the operator-splitting approach is particularly suitable for investigating the influence of hydraulic parameters of adjacent rocks on coal fire propagation. A study shows that dynamic propagation strongly depends on permeability variations. For the assumed model, no fire exists for permeabilities k < 10-10 m2, whereas the fire propagation velocity ranges between 340 m a-1 for k = 10-8 m2, and drops to lower than 3 m a-1 for k = 5 × 10-10 m2. Additionally, strong temperature variations are observed for the permeability range 5 × 10-10 m2 < k < 10-8 m2.
KW - Numerical solutions
KW - Underground coal fires
KW - Hydrothermal systems
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03568.x
SN - 0956-540X
SN - 1365-246X
VL - 172
IS - 1
SP - 439
EP - 454
PB - Blackwell
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-16649
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Kunath, K.
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Simon, K.
A1 - Uhlig, S.
T1 - Evaluation of the interlaboratory test 2010-2011 on the method DIN EN15188:2007 'Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations'
N2 - For the classification and safe handling and use of the chemicals, special standardized testing proce-dures have been developed and are used world-wide. Safety experts must be able to fully rely on the precise execution of the respective laboratory tests and assessments. In this context interlaboratory tests (round robin tests, interlaboratory comparisons / intercomparisons) are a crucial element of a laboratory's quality system. Participation in interlaboratory tests is explicitly recommended by the standard ISO/IEC 17025.
The present document reports on the results of the interlaboratory test 2010/2011 on the test method DIN EN 15188:2007 “Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations” [1] which was organized by the Center for Quality Assurance for Testing of Dangerous Goods and Haz-ardous Substances.
The test method DIN EN 15188:2007 is applied to characterize the self-ignition behaviour of combus-tible dusts. The experimental basis for describing the self-ignition behaviour of a given dust is the de-termination of the self-ignition temperatures (TSI) of differently-sized volumes of the dust sample by isoperibolic hot storage experiments (storage at constant oven temperatures) in commercially availa-ble ovens. The results thus measured reflect the dependence of self-ignition temperatures upon dust volume [1].
Several internal investigations and interlaboratory comparisons in the past have shown significant differences between the lab-specific results of hot storage tests.
Figure 2-1 shows the Pseudo-Arrhenius plot of hot storage tests of eight different laboratories (Round Robin Test 2002, BAM). The dust under this investigation was Lycopodium powder (spores). The par-ticipants of this interlaboratory test used different laboratory ovens (size, ventilation) as well as differ-ent sample baskets (shape, mesh size, single- and double-walled).
Figure 2-1 shows clearly that this test failed to produce reasonable reproducibility of the TSI between the different laboratories. As possible reasons for the deviations have been identified lab-specific dif-ferences, e.g.:
- oven ventilation (enforced, natural convection),
- oven size,
- sample baskets,
- radiation effects,
- measuring precision (temperature difference between tests with ignition and no ignition),
- minimum sample size.
To reduce the differences between the labs it was necessary to ameliorate the testing method and to improve the execution of the method by the lab. From there, the installation of an inner chamber into the laboratory oven was suggested as experimental set-up in EN 15188:2007 to provide more repro-ducible test conditions. The aappropriateness of this set-up has not been verified yet.
The current interlaboratory test 2010-2011 focuses on the use of a special mesh wire screen and spe-cial volumes of the sample baskets (cubes) to normalise/harmonise the test conditions in the different labs. In preparation for the interlaboratory test a joint program between Syngenta and BAM has been initiated in 2009. As a result of these investigations a modified set-up ( chapter 3) has been identi-fied to be probably more appropriate than the suggested set-up in DIN EN-15188:2007.
Due to the time-consuming test procedure and to optimize the workflow for the laboratories this in-terlaboratory test should be performed stepwise as a multi-level test ( chapter 5.4) on one typical test sample.
KW - Interlaboratory test
KW - Self-ignition
KW - Spontaneous ignition
PY - 2013
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-282978
SN - 978-3-9815748-4-5
IS - Final Report
SP - 1
EP - 113
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-28297
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Junger, M.
A1 - Hintze, H.
A1 - Krull, R.
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - Pioneering inspection of railroad rails with eddy currents
N2 - Using a rail-inspection train, the Deutsche Bahn's system of railroads is continuously checked for traffic-induced defects. Until now, only ultrasonic inspection was used. In addition, eddy-current inspection could successfully and efficiently be used to detect and evaluate certain surface cracks - so-called head checks. There have already been reports about laboratory tests which proved the general suitability of this test method [1,2]. The next step - described here - consisted of practical trials under real-life conditions. A test system which is able to fulfil the strict requirements (test speeds of up to 100 km/h, complex probe guidance, suppression of electrical and mechanical interference, recording of data, filtering and evaluation of data) was developed. As part of the rail-inspection train and as a manual system, this inspection system was successfully tested on the Deutsche Bahn's system of railroads under real-life conditions.
T2 - 15th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT)
CY - Roma, Italy
DA - 2000-10-15
KW - Schienenprüfung
PY - 2000
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn796/idn796.htm
SN - 1435-4934
VL - 5
IS - 11
SP - 1
EP - 6(?)
PB - NDT.net
CY - Kirchwald
AN - OPUS4-1010
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Krull, R.
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - Prüfung und Analyse von Oberflächenanrissen an verlegten Eisenbahnschienen mit Wirbelstrom
T2 - Querschnittseminar. ZfP zur Anlagenüberwachung ; Seminar ZfP zur Anlagenüberwachung
CY - Berlin, Deutschland
DA - 2000-11-06
KW - Schienenprüfung
KW - Wirbelstromprüfung
PY - 2000
SN - 3-931381-33-1
N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V.
IS - 74
SP - 31
EP - 38
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1011
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Junger, M.
A1 - Krull, R.
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - Erste Erfahrungen beim Einsatz der Wirbelstromprüfung an Eisenbahnschienen
N2 - Das Streckennetz der Deutschen Bahn wird mit Hilfe eines Schienenprüfzuges ständig auf betriebsbedingte Schädigungen überwacht. Bisher wurde hier ausschließlich das Ultraschallprüfverfahren eingesetzt. In Ergänzung dazu könnte die Wirbelstromprüfung für den Nachweis und die Bewertung spezieller Oberflächenrisse - sog. Head Checks - erfolgreich und wirtschaftlich sinnvoll eingesetzt werden. Über Laboruntersuchungen, die die grundsätzliche Eignung dieser Prüftechnik zeigten, wurde bereits berichtet. Der nächste Entwicklungsschritt besteht in der praktischen Erprobung unter realen Einsatzbedingungen. Hierbei stellen die hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten von bis zu 28 m/s (entsprechend 100 km/h Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Prüfzuges) eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Es gibt zahlreiche Probleme zu bewältigen. Diese betreffen beispielsweise die Sondenführung, die Signalfilterung, die Datenerfassung und die Unterdrückung von Störeinflüssen. Über erste Erfahrungen wird berichtet.
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2000
CY - Innsbruck, Österreich
DA - 2000-05-29
KW - Schienenprüfzug
KW - Head checks
PY - 2000
UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp00/data/61.htm
SN - 3-931381-32-3
VL - 73-1
IS - 2
SP - 617
EP - 624
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1107
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mielentz, Frank
A1 - Milmann, Boris
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Müller, W.
A1 - Crail, S.
T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Risscharakterisierung in Betonbauteilen mit Ultraschall
N2 - Die Risstiefenbestimmung in Festen Fahrbahnen ist hinsichtlich der Dauerhaftigkeit der Konstruktion von wesentlichem Interesse. Im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Forschungsvorhabens mit der DB AG wurden aus der Literatur bekannte Ansätze bewertet und darauf aufbauend ein Verfahren zur bildgebenden Rissdarstellung entwickelt. Rissüberbrückende Bewehrung sowie Kontaktstellen zwischen den Rissflanken wirken als Schallbrücken und erschweren die Risscharakterisierung, wie bei einem Einsatz an einer Betriebserprobungsstrecke festgestellt wurde. Ein aus der Literatur bekanntes Verfahren der einfachen Laufzeitmessung erwies sich für die Tiefenbestimmung von realen verunreinigten Rissen als ungeeignet.
T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen
CY - Leipzig, Germany
DA - 25.10.2001
PY - 2001
VL - 76-CD
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1188
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Pohl, Rainer
A1 - Rühe, S.
A1 - Krull, R.
T1 - Weiterentwicklung der Wirbelstromhandprüftechnik für Schienenfehler
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2001
CY - Berlin, Deutschland
DA - 2001-05-21
PY - 2001
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp01/papers/p35/p35.htm
N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V.
IS - 75-CD, CD-ROM
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1305
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Pohl, Rainer
A1 - Krull, R.
A1 - Hintze, H.
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - Erfahrungen beim Einsatz der Wirbelstromprüfung an Schienen
N2 - Kurzfassung
Es wurde eine Prüftechnologie basierend auf dem Wirbelstromverfahren entwickelt, mit der es möglich ist, oberflächennahe Fehler in Schienen zu detektieren und zu bewerten.
Die bisherigen Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Fahrkantenfehler (Head Checks) mit Risstiefen bis zu 10 mm bewertet werden können. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Inhomogenitäten und Fehler wie z. B. Schleuderstellen, Belgrospi's und Squats detektiert.
Für die Anwendung der Prüftechnologie kommen 4 Anwendungsgebiete in Frage:
Ausrüstung von Schienenprüfzügen,
Manuelle Schienenprüfung,
Ausrüstung von Schienenschleifzügen,
Ausrüstung von stationären Schienenprüfständen.
Die Prüftechnik befindet sich zur Zeit in der Erprobungsphase. Der Schienenprüfzug der Deutschen Bahn AG wird in Kürze mit einem achtkanaligen Prüfsystem ausgerüstet.
Ebenfalls im Erprobungseinsatz befindet sich ein Handprüfsystem zur manuellen Schienenprüfung.
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2002
CY - Weimar, Deutschland
DA - 2002-05-06
PY - 2002
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp02/papers/v36/v36.htm
SN - 3-931381-39-0
N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V.
IS - 80-CD
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1391
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Pohl, Rainer
A1 - Krull, R.
A1 - Hintze, H.
A1 - Luke, M.
A1 - Rühe, S.
A1 - Junger, M.
T1 - Einsatz der Wirbelstromprüfung zur Detektion von Head Checks an Fahrkanten von Schienen
PY - 2002
SN - 0941-0821
IS - 2
SP - 46
EP - 49
PB - Verl. Stahleisen
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-1405
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Babutzka, Martin
A1 - Valet, Svenja
A1 - Kotula, Stefan
A1 - Burkert, Andreas
A1 - Gümmer, K.
A1 - Bender, S.
A1 - Huckshold, M.
T1 - Normentwurf für ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Deckschichtwiderständen an Zinküberzügen mittels gelartiger Elektrolyte
N2 - Das Grundproblem der heute verfügbaren und normativ geregelten Prüfverfahren für Zinküberzüge besteht neben den realitätsfernen Prüfbedingungen vor allem in der subjektiv geprägten Auswertung der Prüfergebnisse. Die systematische Betrachtung der Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre zeigt, dass die üblichen Verfahren den aktuellen Anforderungen damit schon vom Ansatz her nicht gerecht werden können und auch die bisher betriebene, fortlaufende Variation und Anpassung von Prüfbedingungen keinen grundlegend neuen Lösungsansatz bieten können. Ein solcher ergibt sich nur, wenn die Zinküberzüge hinsichtlich der kinetischen Eigenschaften der Deckschichtbildung und -auflösung umfassend beschrieben werden können, was nur durch den Einsatz elektrochemischer Untersuchungsmethoden mittels Gelelektrolyten möglich ist.
Aus diesem Grund wurde im Verbundforschungsvorhaben GELELEK auf der Basis elektrochemischer Methoden unter Verwendung eines Gelelektrolyten ein Normenvorschlag für eine Prüfnorm erarbeitet und zur Normungsreife geführt, welcher den Anforderungen an ein Messsystem für Feldanwendungen entspricht.
Im Verbundforschungsvorhaben GELELEK wurde eine gezielte Kombination von Laboruntersuchungen mit Untersuchungen im Feld und Bauteilen unter realen Einsatzbedingungen angestrebt. Randbedingungen für eine gesicherte Messung von atmosphärisch bewitterten Zinküberzügen unter Einsatz von Gelelektrolyten wurden erarbeitet und im Normenvorschlag festgeschrieben. Darüber hinaus wurde ein mobiles Messgerät für Messungen mit Gelelektrolyten an realen Bauteilen entwickelt. Nach Abschluss des Forschungsvorhabens steht Industrievertretern und Prüfinstituten ein wissenschaftlich gesichertes Messverfahren basierend auf Kennwerten zur Verfügung, um Zinküberzüge und deren momentane Schutzwirkung unter praxisrelevanten Bedingungen einschätzen und normativ geregelt prüfen zu können.
Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht gibt einen Überblick über die Motivation zur Durchführung des Forschungsvorhabens, wichtige Arbeitsschritte, Details zur entwickelten Prüfmethode sowie Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Prüfinstitute und Unternehmen.
KW - Normung
KW - Zink
KW - Korrosion
KW - Deckschichtbildung
KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion
KW - Korrosionsprüfung
PY - 2022
UR - https://www.gav-verzinken.de/forschung/wissenspool
SP - 1
EP - 24
AN - OPUS4-54947
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Rühe, S.
A1 - v. Hornhardt, A.
A1 - Krull, R.
T1 - Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem für Eisenbahnschienen
N2 - Besonders in beweglichen Weichenteilen, wie z.B. Zungen und beweglichen Herzstückspitzen ist die Detektion von Rissen, die zum Bruch des Bauteils führen können, von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Wegen der komplizierten geometrischen Randbedingungen muß der Schienenprüfzug hier seinen Prüfkopfträger anheben. Aus diesem Grund werden diese Bereiche regelmäßig durch eine manuelle Ultraschallprüfung überwacht. Da auch sehr kleine Anrisse im Oberflächenbereich interessant sind, soll das bereits vorhandene Prüfverfahren durch ein Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem so erweitert werden, daß eine sichere Detektion in den gefährdeten Bereichen möglich ist. Aufbau und Wirkungsweise des Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystems werden erläutert.
KW - Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem
KW - Eisenbahnschienen
PY - 2000
UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp00/data/96.htm
SN - 3-931381-32-3
VL - 73-2
IS - 2
SP - 883
EP - 889
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-879
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Zakel, Sabine
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS interlaboratory tests for chemical safety: Validation of laboratory test methods by determining the measurement uncertainty and probability of incorrect classification including so-called “Shark profiles”
N2 - Laboratory test results are of vital importance for correctly classifying and labelling chemicals as “hazardous” as defined in the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / EC CLP Regulation or as “dangerous goods” as defined in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of laboratory test results. Interlaboratory tests performed over the last 10 years have examined different laboratory test methods. After analysing the results of these interlaboratory tests, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. There is a need for improvement and validation for all laboratory test methods examined.
2. To avoid any discrepancy concerning the classification and labelling of chemicals, the use of validated laboratory test methods should be state of the art, with the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty and (if applicable) the probability of incorrect classification.
This paper addresses the probability of correct/incorrect classification (for example, as dangerous goods) on the basis of the measurement deviation obtained from interlaboratory tests performed by the Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances (CEQAT-DGHS) to validate laboratory test methods. This paper outlines typical results (e.g. so-called “Shark profiles” – the probability of incorrect classification as a function of the true value estimated from interlaboratory test data) as well as general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for purpose and of high quality.
T2 - 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE 2020)
CY - Brunswick, Germany
DA - 27.07.2020
KW - Dangerous goods
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Interlaboratory test
KW - Test method
KW - Validation
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Measurement uncertainty
KW - Incorrect classification
KW - Shark profiles
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104532
SN - 0950-4230/
VL - 72
SP - 104532
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-52751
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Anker, Andy S.
A1 - Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
A1 - Ben Mahmoud, Chiheb
A1 - Bennett, Sophie
A1 - Briling, Ksenia R.
A1 - Changiarath, Arya
A1 - Chong, Sanggyu
A1 - Collins, Christopher M.
A1 - Cooper, Andrew I.
A1 - Crusius, Daniel
A1 - Darmawan, Kevion K.
A1 - Das, Basita
A1 - David, Nicholas
A1 - Day, Graeme M.
A1 - Deringer, Volker L.
A1 - Duarte, Fernanda
A1 - Eardley-Brunt, Annabel
A1 - Evans, Matthew L.
A1 - Evans, Rob
A1 - Fairlamb, Ian
A1 - Franklin, Barnabas A.
A1 - Frey, Jeremy
A1 - Ganose, Alex M.
A1 - Goulding, Mark
A1 - Hafizi, Roohollah
A1 - Hakkennes, Matthijs
A1 - Hickey, Niamh
A1 - James, Gillian
A1 - Jelfs, Kim E.
A1 - Kalikadien, Adarsh V.
A1 - Kapil, Venkat
A1 - Koczor-Benda, Zsuzsanna
A1 - Krammer, Ferdinand
A1 - Kulik, Heather J.
A1 - Kumar, Vishank
A1 - Kuttner, Christian
A1 - Lam, Erwin
A1 - Lou, Yuchen
A1 - Mante, Eltjo
A1 - Martin, Jennie
A1 - Mroz, Austin M.
A1 - Nematiaram, Tahereh
A1 - Pare, Charles W. P.
A1 - Patra, Sarbani
A1 - Proudfoot, James
A1 - Ruscic, Branko
A1 - Ryder, Matthew R.
A1 - Sakaushi, Ken
A1 - Saßmannshausen, Jörg
A1 - Savoie, Brett M.
A1 - Schneider, Nadine
A1 - Schwaller, Philippe
A1 - Skjelstad, Bastian Bjerkem
A1 - Sun, Wenhao
A1 - Szczypiński, Filip T.
A1 - Torrisi, Steven
A1 - Ueltzen, Katharina
A1 - Vishnoi, Shubham
A1 - Walsh, Aron
A1 - Wang, Xinwei
A1 - Wilson, Chloe
A1 - Wu, Ruiqi
A1 - Zeitler, Jakob
T1 - Discovering structure–property correlations: General discussion
N2 - This article is a discussion of the paper "Web-BO: Towards increased accessibility of Bayesian optimisation (BO) for chemistry" by Austin M. Mroz, Piotr N. Toka, Ehecatl Antonio del Río Chanona and Kim E. Jelfs (Faraday discussions, 2025, 256, 221-234).
KW - Materials design
KW - Machine learning
KW - Automation
KW - Materials discovery
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fd90062f
SN - 1359-6640
SN - 1364-5498
VL - 256
IS - Themed collection: Data-driven discovery in the chemical sciences
SP - 373
EP - 412
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-62208
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhang, Yue
A1 - Martin, A.
A1 - Wolf, G.-U.
A1 - Rabe, S.
A1 - Worzala, H.
A1 - Lücke, B.
A1 - Meisel, M.
A1 - Witke, Klaus
T1 - Structural transformations of VOHPO4.1/2H2O in the Presence of Ammonia
KW - Vanadium
KW - Ammoniak
KW - Phosphat
KW - Phyrophosphorsäure
PY - 1996
SN - 0897-4756
SN - 1520-5002
VL - 8
IS - 5
SP - 1135
EP - 1140
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-684
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin
A1 - Pohl, Rainer
A1 - Rühe, S.
T1 - Automatische Auswertung von Wirbelstrombildern
N2 - Die Wirbelstromprüftechnik ist eine hochempfindliche Prüfmethode, mit der kleinste Materialschäden in metallischen Prüfkörpern nachgewiesen werden können. Die Prüfung kann berührungslos und bei sehr hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten durchgeführt werden. Dies sind beste Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz in automatischen Produktionsanlagen. Die Wirbelstromprüfung kann vielfach direkt in die Produktionslinie von Halbzeugen integriert werden. Zur Abdeckung der gewünschten Prüffläche werden je nach geforderter Prüfempfindlichkeit Durchlaufsensoren, Anordnungen von mehreren Tastsonden oder rotierende Sensoren eingesetzt. Die Entscheidung über das Vorhandensein einer unzulässigen Inhomogenität wird durch das Überschreiten einer festgelegten Signalschwelle festgestellt, wonach eine Aussortierung ausgelöst werden kann. Dieses einfache Kriterium versagt jedoch, wenn durch das Prüfteil Anzeigen hervorgerufen werden, die nach ihrer Herkunft unterschieden werden müssen. Beispielsweise könnte eine Prüfaufgabe so gestellt sein, daß in einem Prüfteil Poren geduldet werden, während rißartige Inhomogenitäten unzulässig sind. Anhand von Beispielen wird gezeigt, wie durch den Einsatz von speziellen Computeralgorithmen an flächenhaft gewonnenen Wirbelstrombildern eine Unterscheidung der Anzeigentypen durchgeführt werden kann.
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 1999
CY - Celle, Deutschland
DA - 1999-05-10
KW - Wirbelstrombilder
PY - 1999
UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp99/data/17.htm
SN - 3-931381-27-7
VL - 1
IS - 68
SP - 163
EP - 171
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-833
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Liehr, Sascha
A1 - Wander, Lukas
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Müller, S.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Kowarik, Stefan
T1 - Artificial neural networks for quantitative online NMR spectroscopy
N2 - Industry 4.0 is all about interconnectivity, sensor-enhanced process control, and data-driven systems. Process analytical technology (PAT) such as online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is gaining in importance, as it increasingly contributes to automation and digitalization in production. In many cases up to now, however, a classical evaluation of process data and their transformation into knowledge is not possible or not economical due to the insufficiently large datasets available. When developing an automated method applicable in process control, sometimes only the basic data of a limited number of batch tests from typical product and process development campaigns are available. However, these datasets are not large enough for training machine-supported procedures. In this work, to overcome this limitation, a new procedure was developed, which allows physically motivated multiplication of the available reference data in order to obtain a sufficiently large dataset for training machine learning algorithms. The underlying example chemical synthesis was measured and analyzed with both application-relevant low-field NMR and high-field NMR spectroscopy as reference method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the potential to infer valuable process information already from relatively limited input data. However, in order to predict the concentration at complex conditions (many reactants and wide concentration ranges), larger ANNs and, therefore, a larger Training dataset are required. We demonstrate that a moderately complex problem with four reactants can be addressed using ANNs in combination with the presented PAT method (low-field NMR) and with the proposed approach to generate meaningful training data.
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Real-time process monitoring
KW - Artificial neural networks
KW - Automation
KW - Process industry
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507508
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02687-5
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 412
IS - 18
SP - 4447
EP - 4459
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-50750
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Liehr, Sascha
A1 - Wander, Lukas
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Müller, S.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Kowarik, Stefan
T1 - Training data of quantitative online NMR spectroscopy for artificial neural networks
N2 - Data set of low-field NMR spectra of continuous synthesis of nitro-4’-methyldiphenylamine (MNDPA). 1H spectra (43 MHz) were recorded as single scans.
Two different approaches for the generation of artificial neural networks training data for the prediction of reactant concentrations were used: (i) Training data based on combinations of measured pure component spectra and (ii) Training data based on a spectral model.
Synthetic low-field NMR spectra
First 4 columns in MAT-files represent component areas of each reactant within the synthetic mixture spectrum.
Xi (“pure component spectra dataset”)
Xii (“spectral model dataset”)
Experimental low-field NMR spectra from MNDPA-Synthesis
This data set represents low-field NMR-spectra recorded during continuous synthesis of nitro-4’-methyldiphenylamine (MNDPA). Reference values from high-field NMR results are included.
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - Real-time process monitoring
KW - Artificial neural networks
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Automation
KW - Process industry
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677139
PB - Zenodo
CY - Geneva
AN - OPUS4-50456
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Gruskovà, J.
A1 - Martin, G.
A1 - Kresten, O.
A1 - Mitthoff, F.
A1 - Kaska, K.
A1 - Hofmann, C.
A1 - Kreuzer, W.
A1 - Phelps, M.
A1 - Boydston, K.
A1 - Easton Jr., R. L.
A1 - Knox, K. T.
A1 - Kelbe, D.
A1 - Kasotakis, D.
A1 - Christens-Barry, W. A.
A1 - Stewart, D.
A1 - Rabin, Ira
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
A1 - Glaser, L.
A1 - Garrevoet, J.
A1 - Shevchuk, I.
A1 - Klumpp, S.
A1 - Deckers, D.
A1 - Buck, J.
ED - Cronier, M.
ED - Mondrain, B.
T1 - Insights-into-the-Digital-Recovery-of-the-Scythica-Vindobonesia
N2 - The Scythica Vindobonensia, the new fragments on Gothic incursions into Roman provinces in the Balkans in the middle of the third century AD that were revealed some years ago in a Greek palimpsest at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (ÖNB), are commonly considered as one of the most important additions of the last decades to the corpus of texts from classical Antiquity. Tere is a high degree of confdence among scholars in supposing that the fragments come from the lost work Scythica written in Greek by the third-century historian P. Herennius Dexippus (Δέξιππος) of Athens. The new fragments have hence also been called Dexippus Vindobonensis. In his Scythica, Dexippus recorded wars of the Romans with the Goths (and other tribes) whom he called Scythians.
The work had been hitherto known only from excerpts and quotes by later authors. Eight pages of a Byzantine manuscript copy of the ancient text have survived hidden underneath the visible surface of the last four parchment folios of the Vienna manuscript Historicus graecus 73, f. 192r -195v4. The copy is written in a Greek calligraphic minuscule which has been estimated by palaeographers to be of the middle or the second half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the text (on each of the eight pages arranged in one column, with 30 lines per page) was washed of the parchment and the valuable material made from animal skin was re-used for Christian texts. The new writing largely covered the faded remnants of the original text. It thus became hidden from the human eye for more than seven hundred years. Its discovery by Jana Grusková, a classical philologist specialized in the transmission of Greek texts, resulted from a systematic review of all Greek palimpsests kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna at the beginning of the twenty-first century and a detailed examination of the four folios in 2007-20097.
KW - Scythica Vindobonensia,
KW - Gothic incursions
KW - A Greek palimpsest
KW - Antiquity
KW - Byzantine manuscript
KW - Vienna manuscript
PY - 2020
SN - 978-2-916716-81-7
SN - 0577-1471
VL - 2020
IS - 24/1
SP - 945
EP - 967
PB - Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance
CY - Paris
ET - 1
AN - OPUS4-53843
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neumann, Martin
A1 - Herter, Jürgen
A1 - Droste, Bernhard
A1 - Hartwig, S.
T1 - Compressive behaviour of axially loaded spruce wood under large deformations at different strain rates
N2 - Impact limiting components of packages for the transport of radioactivematerials are often designed as wood filled steel constructions. Wood absorbs major part of the impact energy in order to minimise the impact load acting upon the containment. Dynamic impact experiments with wood filled impact limiters showed different crushing mechanisms for axially loaded wood depending on their lateral constraint. Tests on spruce wood samples (Picea abies) were performed in order to clarify the influence of strain rate from static to 30 s-1 on a) compression strength, b) stress at a global strain level of 50%, and c) energy absorption capacity at 50% deformation, including statistical evaluation of the results. Results were as follows: strain rate increase led to significantly higher compression strength, stress and strain energy at a strain level of 50%. Lateral strain restriction had no effect on compression strength; it had a significant effect on stress and strain energy at strain level of 50%. Therefore, the definition of a general yield curve for wood under large deformations is not possible, the yield curve has to be chosen taking into account lateral constraints.
KW - Compression
KW - Wood
KW - Spruce
KW - Picea abies
KW - Impact
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0442-x
SN - 0018-3768
VL - 69
IS - 3
SP - 345
EP - 357
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg
AN - OPUS4-22980
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - König, S.
A1 - Diersch, R.
A1 - Lührmann, A.
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Neumann, Martin
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Droste, Bernhard
T1 - Full-Scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR®, V/TC Package Program, and Preliminary Results
KW - Drop test
KW - Package
KW - Spent fuel cask
KW - Transport
PY - 2005
SN - 0893-6188
VL - 33
IS - 3
SP - 4
EP - 10
PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
CY - Northbrook, Ill.
AN - OPUS4-12269
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - König, S.
A1 - Diersch, R.
A1 - Lührmann, A.
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Neumann, Martin
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Droste, Bernhard
T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR V/TC Package - Program and Preliminary Results
KW - Fallversuche
KW - Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe
PY - 2005
SN - 0893-6188
VL - 33
IS - 3
SP - 4
EP - 10
PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
CY - Northbrook, Ill.
AN - OPUS4-6875
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arppe, Riika
A1 - Hyppänen, I.
A1 - Perälä, N.
A1 - Peltomaa, R.
A1 - Kaiser, Martin
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Christ, S.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Schäferling, Michael
A1 - Soukka, T.
T1 - Quenching of the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanophosphors by water: the role of the sensitizer Yb3+ in non-radiative relaxation
N2 - We have studied the mechanisms of water-based quenching of the upconversion photoluminescence of upconverting nanophosphors (UCNPs) via luminescence decay measurements for a better understanding of the non-radiative deactivation pathways responsible for the relatively low upconversion luminescence efficiency in aqueous solutions. This included both upconversion luminescence measurements and the direct excitation of emissive energy states of Er3+ and Yb3+ dopants in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs by measuring the decays at 550 and 655 nm upon 380 nm excitation and at 980 nm upon 930 nm excitation, respectively. The luminescence intensities and decays were measured from both bare and silanized NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ UCNPs in H2O and D2O. The measurements revealed up to 99.9% quenching of the upconversion photoluminescence intensity of both Er3+ and Tm3+ doped bare nanophosphors by water. Instead of the multiphonon relaxation of excited energy levels of the activators, the main mechanism of quenching was found to be the multiphonon deactivation of the Yb3+ sensitizer ion caused by OH-vibrations on the surface of the nanophosphor. Due to the nonlinear nature of upconversion, the quenching of Yb3+ has a higher order effect on the upconversion emission intensity with the efficient Yb–Yb energy migration in the ~35 nm nanocrystals making the whole nanophosphor volume susceptible to surface quenching effects. The study underlines the need of efficient surface passivation for the use of UCNPs as labels in bioanalytical applications performed in aqueous solutions.
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02100f
SN - 2040-3364
SN - 2040-3372
VL - 7
IS - 27
SP - 11746
EP - 11757
PB - RSC Publ.
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-33815
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Pilch, A.
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Kaiser, Martin
A1 - Wawrzynczyk, D.
A1 - Kurnatowska, M.
A1 - Arabasz, S.
A1 - Prorok, K.
A1 - Samoc, M.
A1 - Strek, W.
A1 - Bednarkiewicz, A.
T1 - Shaping luminescent properties of Yb3+ and Ho3+ co-doped upconverting core-shell ß-NaYF4 nanoparticles by dopant distribution and spacing
N2 - At the core of luminescence color and lifetime Tuning of rare earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), is the understanding of the Impact of the particle architecture for commonly used sensitizer (S) and activator (A) Ions. In this respect, a series of core@Shell NaYF4 UCNPs doped with Yb3+ and Ho3+ ions are presented here, where the same dopant concentrations are distributed in different particle architectures following the scheme: YbHo core and YbHo@..., ...@YbHo, Yb@Ho, Ho@Yb, YbHo@Yb, and Yb@YbHo core-Shell NPs. As refealed by quantitative steady-state and time-resolved luminescence studies, the relative spatial Distribution of the A and S ions in the UCNPs and their protection from surface quenching has a critical Impact on ther luminescence characteristics. Although the increased amount of Yb3+ Ions boosts UCNP Performance by amplifying the Absorption, the Yb3+ ions can also efficiently dissipate the energy stored in the material through energy Migration to the surface, thereby reducing the Overall energy Transfer Efficiency to the activator ions. The results provide yet another proof that UC Phosphor chemistry combined with materials Engineering through intentional core@shell structures may help to fine-tune the luminescence Features of UCNPs for their specific future applications in biosensing, bioimaging, photovoltaics, and Display technologies.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Upconversion
KW - NIR
KW - Nonlinear
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Liftetime
KW - Nanocrystal
KW - Lanthanide
KW - Ho(III)
KW - Yb(III)
KW - Mechanism
KW - Absolute flourescence
KW - Excitation power density dependence
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201701635
SN - 1613-6810
VL - 13
IS - 47
SP - 1701635, 1
EP - 13
PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-43629
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Simon, K.
A1 - Uhlig, S.
T1 - Interlaboratory test 2023 on the method DIN EN 15188:2021-07 "Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations" - Final report of results
N2 - The test method DIN EN 15188:2021-07 “Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations” is applied to characterize the self-ignition behaviour of combustible dusts. The experimental basis for describing the self-ignition behaviour of a given dust is the determination of the self-ignition temperatures (TSI) of differently-sized volumes of the dust sample by isoperibolic hot storage experiments (storage at constant oven temperatures) in commercially available ovens. The results measured this way reflect the dependence of the self-ignition temperatures on the volume of a dust accumulation.
Several internal investigations in the past (e.g. interlaboratory tests in 2010-2011 and 2015-2016) have shown significant differences between the lab-specific results of hot storage tests of the former version of the revised DIN EN 15188:2021-07 (DIN EN 15188:2007). Therefore, an improvement of the test method DIN EN 15188:2007 was necessary.
After a rather long and extensive series of various improvements (methodological modifications), the interlaboratory test in 2015-2016 demonstrated an acceptable reliability of the test method and a satisfactory measurement uncertainty if the modifications described in the interlaboratory test are taken into account. On the basis of this interlaboratory test in 2015, this subsequently led to a revision of the standard, whereby, in addition to the methodological improvements, the measurement uncertainty to be taken into account could now also be specified for the first time in this standard. The revised DIN EN 15188:2021-07 was published in 2021 and can now be applied by laboratories.
This report provides the laboratory results of the first interlaboratory test 2023 on the revised method DIN EN 15188:2021-07 and summarizes the results of the assessment of laboratory performance.
KW - DIN EN 15188:2021-07
KW - Spontaneous ignition
KW - Interlaboratory test
KW - Round robin test
KW - Proficiency test
KW - Dangerous goods
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Measurement uncertainty
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Qualitätssicherung
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Selbstentzündung
KW - Staub
KW - Dust
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614560
SN - 978-3-9818564-6-0
DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-61456
SP - 1
EP - 51
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
ET - 1.
AN - OPUS4-61456
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Williams, S. H.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Kardjilov, N.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Strobl, M.
A1 - Douissard, P.A.
A1 - Martin, T.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Detection system for microimaging with neutrons
N2 - A new high-resolution detector setup for neutron imaging has been developed based on infinity-corrected optics with high light collection, combined with customized mounting hardware. The system can easily be installed, handled and fitted to any existing facility, avoiding the necessity of complex optical systems or further improved electronics (CCD). This is the first time optical magnification higher than 1:1 has been used with scintillator-based neutron detectors, as well as the first implementation of infinity corrected optics for neutron imaging, achieving the smallest yet reported effective pixel size of 3.375 µm. A novel transparent crystal scintillator (GGG crystal) has been implemented with neutrons for the first time to overcome limitations of traditional powder scintillators (Li6/ZnS, Gadox). The standardized procedure for resolution measurements with the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is summarized to facilitate comparison between instruments and facilities. Using this new detector setup, a resolution of 14.8 µm with a field of view of 6 mm × 6 mm has been achieved while maintaining reasonable count times. These advances open a wide range of new possible research applications and allow the potential for additional future developments.
KW - Instrumentation for neutron sources
KW - Neutron radiography
KW - Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons)
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/02/P02014
SN - 1748-0221
VL - 7
IS - P02014
SP - 1
EP - 26
PB - Inst. of Physics Publ.
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-26433
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Roters, F.
A1 - Aslam, A.
A1 - Bai, Y.
A1 - Büschelberger, M.
A1 - Bulert, K.
A1 - Butz, A.
A1 - Hickel, Tilmann
A1 - Jogi, T.
A1 - Klitschke, S.
A1 - Martin, M.
A1 - Meyer, L.-P.
A1 - Morand, L.
A1 - Nahshon, Y.
A1 - Radtke, N.
A1 - Saikia, Ujjal
A1 - Trondl, A.
A1 - Wessel, A.
A1 - Zierep, P.
A1 - Helm, D.
T1 - StahlDigital: Ontology-Based Workflows for the Steel Industry
N2 - The innovative strength of the steel industry is based on the mastery of microstructure–property relationships. Digital workflows can largely contribute to this aim by making the complexity of workflows reproducible and their execution user independent. In this work, the tools and workflows developed in the project StahlDigital as part of the German MaterialDigital initiative are presented and application examples are provided. A steel ontology builds the
foundation for data collection and storage as well as for the semantic description of experimental and simulation data processing workflows. A dataspace powered by the Dataspace Management System (DSMS) digitally represents such workflows and manages data along them in a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable manner aiming to derive new knowledge. Experimental data processed via DSMS can be further evaluated and used as input for simulation workflows. The simulations included in such workflows are run by the workflow system pyiron, which has been semantically extended in StahlDigital for this purpose.
KW - Steel
KW - Rolling
KW - Multiscale simulation
KW - Ontology
KW - Workflow
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-627187
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402148
SN - 1527-2648
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-62718
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fittschen, U.E.A.
A1 - Möckel, R.
A1 - Schreiner, M.
A1 - klinger, M.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Meyer, B.
A1 - Guhl, S.
A1 - Renno, A.
A1 - Godinho, J.
A1 - Gloaguen, R.
A1 - Gutzmer, J.
T1 - Bundling analytical capacities to understand phase formation in recycling of functional materials
N2 - Transitioning from combustion engine-driven transportation to e-mobility demands a paradigm shift – from a system geared to maximize energy efficiency (i.e. fuel consumption) to a system that may be constrained by the availability of high technology (critical) metals required for electrical energy storage systems and drives. In the wake of these developments efforts in securing new resources of these metals from recycling of end-of-life products are increasing steadily.
Recycling of Li-Ion batteries has recently been evaluated. The results pinpoint to a critical need for understanding slag Formation and its dependence on metal components like Mn under extreme conditions. This will allow researchers to predict optimal Operation setting and to react quickly to changing market demands (which may be Li or Co at one point but may also shift to Ni or rare earth elements (REE)). The long-term goal is to control the formation of specific phases in slags allowing for a Maximum yield of elements of interest and optimal recovery in the separation processes that follows. The combination of data on the physical micro structure and local chemistry of the multi-Phase products during and after processing will help to understand and derive thermodynamic and kinetic data on its formation.
In this paper we are giving an overview on the analytical challenges and approaches to provide robust data on local element concentration and species (especially Mn which is a common component of next generation Li-ion batteries cathodes), spanning the dimensions from the nanometer scale to the bulk material. The complementary interactions of X-rays and electrons make them ideal probes to collect Interface and “in-depth” information. Before- and -after studies as well as in situ structural changes and Phase (trans)formation, changes in elemental and elemental species (e.g. oxidation state) distribution may be tracked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence microscopy and X-ray Absorption spectroscopy. The application of such advanced analytical tools will not only provide essential clues during early lab-based experiments towards the development of new recycling technologies, but may also be deployed for on-line and in-line monitoring of industrial processes.
KW - Synchrotron
KW - XANES
KW - Slags
KW - Battery
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.959.183
SN - 1662-9752
VL - 959
SP - 183
EP - 190
PB - Trans Tech Publ.
AN - OPUS4-48900
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
A1 - Florek, S.
A1 - Becker-Ross, H.
A1 - Huang, M.-D.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Lippitz, Andreas
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Schmid, Thomas
A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
T1 - Zirconium permanent modifiers for graphite furnaces used in absorption spectrometry: understanding their structure and mechanism of action
N2 - The mechanism of action of zirconium permanent modifiers on graphite surfaces was investigated in order to understand its influence on the analytical signal in atomic and molecular absorption spectrometry (AAS/MAS). For this, the molecule formation of CaF was studied, which is used for the indirect analytical determination of fluorine in high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). The kinetics of this reaction was established by monitoring its molecular spectrum at different atomisation temperatures. An Arrhenius plot showed a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to fluorine (n = 1). An intermediate state was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods: scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS), and Raman microspectroscopy. We propose here a mechanism, where ZrO2 acts as a heterogeneous catalyst: after a pyrolytic step, an intermediate state of ZrO(OCaF) is activated, and at higher temperatures, CaF(g) is released from the zirconium-coated graphite surface. No evidence of the formation of zirconium carbide was found. Consequently, as the CaF formation is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst, surface modifications with ZrO2 nanoparticles and ZrO xerogels were investigated in order to increase the surface area. Their influence was evaluated in the molecule formation of CaF, CaCl, CaBr, and CaI. Graphite furnace modification with zirconium oxide nanoparticles proves to be the best choice for fluorine analysis with a signal enhancement of more than eleven times with respect a non-coated graphite furnace. However, the influence of zirconium modifications in the analytical signals of Cl, and I is lower than the F signals or even negative in case of the Br. Understanding zirconium modifiers as heterogeneous catalysts offers a new perspective to AAS and MAS, and reveals the potential of surface analytical methods for development of improved permanent modifiers and graphite furnace coatings.
KW - Zirconium
KW - HR-CS-MAS
KW - Graphite furnace
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Xerogel
KW - Calcium monofluoride
KW - Absorption spectrometry
PY - 2018
UR - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/ja/c8ja00190a
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C8JA00190A
SN - 0267-9477
VL - 33
IS - 12
SP - 2034
EP - 2042
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-46775
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Erdt, René
A1 - Gödde, M.
A1 - Salg, S.
A1 - Ittemann, L.
T1 - Selbstentzündungsverhalten von Feststoffen: Validierung der Extrapolation von Labortests mit Hilfe halbtechnischer Versuche bis 1 m³
N2 - Vorgestellt wird ein 2018 gestartetes Projekt zur Überprüfung der Extrapolation von im Labormaßstab ermittelten Selbstentzündungstemperaturen auf technisch relevante Volumina. Für die Ermittlung reaktionskinetischer Daten von Feststoffschüttungen stehen eine Reihe von Untersuchungsmethoden zur Verfügung. Dies sind thermische Analysen wie z.B. die differential scanning calorimetry DSC sowie Mikrokalorimetrie zur hochgenauen Messung von Wärmeströmen, bei denen sehr geringe Probenmengen zum Einsatz kommen. In der Regel wird das Selbstentzündungsverhalten jedoch mit Hilfe von isoperibolen oder adiabaten Warmlagerungsversuchen beurteilt, hier liegen die Probenvolumina üblicherweise im Bereich von ca. 100 cm³ bis zu einigen Litern. Die Extrapolation über mehrere Größenordnungen auf technische Volumina birgt Unsicherheiten, da mit Zunahme des Lagervolumens veränderte Start- und Randbedingungen vorliegen können. Zudem besteht die Möglichkeit, dass bei in technischen Lagern vorherrschenden niedrigen Temperaturen Reaktionen ablaufen, die in Standard- Laborversuchen nicht erfasst werden aber einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das Selbstentzündungsverhalten aufweisen können. Hauptziel des Projektes ist es daher, die im Labormaßstab vorhandenen Prüfeinrichtungen durch einen Versuchsstand zur Untersuchung von Probengrößen von bis zu 1000 dm³ zu erweitern, die Eignung (oder Nichteignung) der etablierten Methoden nachzuweisen und im Labormaßstab nicht erfassbare Einflussgrößen zu ermitteln. Zudem sollen anhand der kleinskaligen Tests Entscheidungskriterien abgeleitet werden, ob eine Extrapolation nach den derzeit üblichen Methoden zulässig ist.
T2 - 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik
CY - Brunswick, Germany
DA - 21.05.2019
KW - Spontanious ignition
KW - Self-ignition
KW - Minimum ignition temperature
KW - Dust layers
KW - Große Volumina
KW - Explosionsschutz
KW - Selbstentzündung
KW - DSC
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/210.20190521B
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
AN - OPUS4-48939
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zakel, S.
A1 - Schröder, Volkmar
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Gabel, D.
A1 - Hirsch, W.
A1 - Kleinert, J.
A1 - Krause, U.
A1 - Krietsch, Arne
A1 - Meistes, J.
A1 - Sachtleben, A.
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Explosionsschutzes von hybriden Stoffgemischen - Normungsfähige Bestimmungsverfahren
N2 - In diesem Verbundvorhaben werden standardisierte Messverfahren für hybride Gemische erarbeitet, die der Bestimmung sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen des Explosionsschutzes dienen. Unter einem hybriden Gemisch wird dabei ein mehrphasiges System aus Brenngas oder brennbarem Dampf, sowie Luft und brennbarem Staub verstanden. Die Veröffentlichung der Ergebnisse erfolgt in einem Abschlussbericht und als DIN-Spezifikation (DIN SPEC). Diese DIN SPEC versetzt Prüfinstitute und Industrie in die Lage, Explosionsgefahren beim Betrieb technischer Anlagen mit hybriden Gemischen einzuschätzen und damit Prozesse sowohl sicherer als auch effizienter zu steuern. Dieses Projekt wird im Rahmen des WIPANOProgramms (Wissens- und Technologietransfer durch Patente und Normen) vom BMWi gefördert.
T2 - 14. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 07.11.2019
KW - Explosionsschutz
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen
KW - Hybride Gemische
KW - Normung
PY - 2019
SN - 978-3-89746-220-5
SP - 73
CY - Frankfurt am Main
AN - OPUS4-49954
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Manso, M.
A1 - Pessanha, S.
A1 - Guerra, M.
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Afonso, C.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Lourenco, H.
A1 - Carvalho, M. L.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
T1 - Assessment of Toxic Metals and Hazardous Substances in Tattoo Inks Using Sy-XRF, AAS, and Raman Spectroscopy
N2 - Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, was used to analyze a set of top brand tattoo inks to investigate the presence of toxic elements and hazardous substances. The Cr, Cu, and Pb contents were found to be above the maximum allowed levels established by the Council of Europe through the resolution ResAP(2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent makeup. Raman analysis has revealed the presence of a set of prohibited substances mentioned in ResAP(2008)1, among which are the pigments Blue 15, Green 7, and Violet 23. Other pigments that were identified in white, black, red, and yellow inks are the Pigment White 6, Carbon Black, Pigment Red 8, and a diazo yellow, respectively. The present results show the importance of regulating tattoo ink composition.
KW - Synchrotron
KW - Tattoo inks
KW - XRF
KW - Toxic metals
KW - Hazardous substances
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1406-y
VL - 187
IS - 2
SP - 596
EP - 601
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-47369
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Constantinescu, B.
A1 - Bugoi, R.
A1 - Cojocaru, V.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Calligaro, T.
A1 - Salomon, J.
A1 - Pichon, L.
A1 - Röhrs, S.
A1 - Ceccato, D.
A1 - Oberländer-Târnoveanu, E.
A1 - Ionescu, C.
A1 - Pop, D.
T1 - Dacian bracelets and Transylvanian gold: ancient history and modern analyses
KW - SRXRF
KW - Gold
KW - Archaeometrie
KW - Authentication
KW - Provenance
KW - XRF
KW - Micro-PIXE
KW - Micro SR-XRF
KW - Or
KW - Authentification
KW - FX
PY - 2009
SN - 0399-1237
VL - 33
SP - 221
EP - 225
PB - Groupe
CY - Rennes
AN - OPUS4-23172
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mans, C.
A1 - Simons, C.
A1 - Hanning, S.
A1 - Janßen, A.
A1 - Alber, D.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Bühler, A.
A1 - Kreyenschmidt, M.
T1 - New polymeric candidate reference materials for XRF and LA-ICP-MS - development and preliminary characterization
N2 - A set of ten calibration materials based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) containing the elements Br, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg was produced in order to control polymer samples in regard to the restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) directive. The materials were produced with respect to the special demands of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in combination with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS).
The mass fractions of all elements were 0-1500 mg/kg and the materials were produced as granulates and solid discs with a diameter of 40 mm and thicknesses of 1, 2, and 6 mm. It could be shown that the signals measured by XRF strongly depend on the thickness of polymeric samples.
Macroscopic homogeneity was assessed with XRF measuring a total of 180 samples. The microscopic homogeneities were determined for a material with average elemental mass fractions with the aid of synchrotron radiation (SR) µ-XRF and LA-ICP-MS. Sufficient macroscopic and microscopic homogeneities for all elements could be achieved. It was observed that organic additives show a better homogeneity than oxides.
XRF and LA-ICP-MS were successfully calibrated with the new materials. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.4-22 mg/kg for XRF and 2.3-26.8 mg/kg for LA-ICP-MS. The materials are considered as candidate reference materials (RM) by the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Germany).
KW - XRF
KW - LA.ICP-MS Plastics
KW - RoHS
KW - CRM
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1120
SN - 0049-8246
VL - 38
IS - 1
SP - 52
EP - 57
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-18681
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grengg, C.
A1 - Koraimann, G.
A1 - Ukrainczyk, N.
A1 - Rudic, O.
A1 - Luschnig, S.
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Dietzel, M.
A1 - Mittermayr, F.
T1 - Cu- and Zn-doped alkali activated mortar – Properties and durability in (bio)chemically aggressive wastewater environments
N2 - Metakaolin-based alkali activated mortars (AAM) - with and without CuSO4·5H2O and ZnO addition (mass ratio Mn+/solid binder 0.08% to 1.7%) - were casted and exposed within an extensive long-term field campaign over the period of 20 months to a sewer basin, strongly affected by biogenic acid corrosion. (Un-)exposed AAM were tested regarding their physicochemical and microstructural properties, bioreceptivity and overall durability. Metal addition led to a retarding effect during alkali-activation reaction, as well as to an increase in open porosity of up to 3.0% and corresponding lower compressive strength of up to 10.9%. Reduced microbial colonization and diversity were observed on AAM with Cu, while Zn addition led to increased biodiversity. We propose that the observed higher durability of Cu-doped AAM is due to antibacterial effects and associated reduction of biogenic acid production, superseding overall negative effects of metal-dosage on physical material properties. Observed lower durability of Zn-doped AAM was related to combined negative physicochemical and microbial effects.
KW - Microbially induced corrosion
KW - Alkali-activated materials
KW - Biogenic acid corrosion
KW - Biogene Schwefelsäurekorrosion
KW - MIC
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106541
SN - 0008-8846
VL - 149
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-53070
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simons, C.
A1 - Mans, C.
A1 - Hanning, S.
A1 - Janßen, A.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Ostermann, Markus
A1 - Michaelis, Matthias
A1 - Wienold, Julia
A1 - Alber, D.
A1 - Kreyenschmidt, M.
T1 - Study on microscopic homogeneity of polymeric candidate reference materials BAM H001-BAM H010 by means of synchrotron µ-XRF and LA-ICP-MS
N2 - In this study the microscopic homogeneity of the newly developed plastic reference materials BAM H001-BAM H010 was investigated. The materials consist of an acrylonitryle-butadien-styrene terpolymer, doped with different amounts of the elements Br, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb. For the quantitative determination of the degree of homogeneity, a procedure proposed by Kempenaers et al. (Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 369, 733-737) was used. On every sample an extensive number of different points were analyzed and standard deviation for every element mentioned above was used to calculate a minimal sampling mass that is necessary to reach a certain level of uncertainty caused by inhomogeneity (mmin,5%). The experiments were taken out with synchrotron µ-XRF (SR µ-XRF) at BESSYII in Berlin and by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS). The calculated values for mmin,5% of both techniques showed comparable results for all elements. It could be shown that the materials are suitable for calibration of micro analytic techniques if at least 64 µg are used.
KW - XRF
KW - LA-ICP-MS
KW - RoHS
KW - CRM
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b917008a
SN - 0267-9477
SN - 1364-5544
VL - 25
SP - 40
EP - 43
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-20938
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strüder, L.
A1 - Hartmann, R.
A1 - Holl, P.
A1 - Ihle, S.
A1 - Huth, M.
A1 - Schmidt, J.
A1 - Tham, Ch.
A1 - Kanngießer, B.
A1 - Baumann, J.
A1 - Renno, A.
A1 - Grenzer, J.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Abboud, A.
A1 - Pietsch, U.
A1 - Soltau, H.
T1 - High Speed, High Resolution imaging spectrometers based on pnCCDs for XRF and XRD applications
N2 - For many years pnCCDs have been well known as X-ray detectors for spectroscopic imaging in many fields of science: X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with light sources in large accelerator facilities as well as with laboratory light sources or with X-rays from celestial sources in X-ray astronomy. A brief introduction in GEXRF (Grazing Emission XRF) measurements with a laboratory laser produced plasma source will be given, PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) measurements and D2XRF (Double Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) and Slicing experiments with pnCCDs coupled to polycapillary optics performed at the BESSY synchrotron will be shown. Energy-dispersive Laue diffraction with ultra-hard X-rays for the analysis of defects in metals will conclude the overview of spectroscopic X-ray imaging measurements in the field of structure and dynamics of matter.
KW - PnCCD
KW - Synchrotron
KW - XRF
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616001355
VL - 22
IS - S3
SP - 100
EP - 101
AN - OPUS4-38884
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Constantinescu, B.
A1 - Bugoi, R.
A1 - Cojocaru, V.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Calligaro, T.
A1 - Salomon, J.
A1 - Pichon, L.
A1 - Röhrs, S.
A1 - Ceccato, D.
A1 - Oberländer-Târnoveanu, E.
T1 - Micro-SR-XRF and micro-PIXE studies for archaeological gold identification - The case of Carpathian (Transylvanian) gold and of Dacian bracelets
N2 - Trace-elements are more significant for provenancing archaeological metallic artifacts than the main components. For gold, the most promising elements are platinum group elements (PGE), Sn, Te, Sb, Hg and Pb. Several small fragments of natural Transylvanian gold placer and primary were studied by using micro-PIXE technique at the Legnaro National Laboratory AN2000 microbeam facility, Italy and at the AGLAE accelerator, C2RMF, Paris, France and by using micro synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (micro-SR-XRF) at BESSY synchrotron, Berlin, Germany. The goal of the study was to identify the trace-elements, especially Sn, Sb and Te. A spectacular application to five Dacian gold bracelets authentication is presented (Sn and Sb traces).
KW - Micro-PIXE
KW - Micro-SR-XRF
KW - Gold
KW - Dacian bracelets
KW - Transylvania
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.054
SN - 0168-583X
SN - 1872-9584
VL - 266
IS - 10
SP - 2325
EP - 2328
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-17736
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denker, A.
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
A1 - Kanngießer, B.
A1 - Malzer, W.
A1 - Merchel, Silke
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Röhrs, S.
A1 - Reiche, I.
A1 - Stege, H.
T1 - Chemie der Kunst - Zerstörungsfreie Analyse von Kunst- und Kulturgütern
N2 - Naturwissenschaftliche Informationen, insbesondere die chemische Zusammensetzung der Objekte, können Hinweise auf die Hintergründe der Objektherstellung liefern, die der alleinigen kunsthistorischen Begutachtung verborgen blieben. Es können nicht nur Fragen nach dem Prozess, Zeitpunkt und Ort der Herstellung beantwortet werden. Die chemische Analyse gibt auch Hinweise auf Ereignisse und Veränderungen, die erst nach der Fertigstellung des Objektes erfolgten. So werden Alterungsphänomene oder historische Überarbeitungen und Restaurierungen aufgedeckt, aber auch Konservierungsstrategien zur Erhaltung der Kunstwerke unterstützt. Durch den technologischen Fortschritt im Bereich der röntgenanalytischen Methoden, die berührungsfrei, ohne Probennahme und ohne Schädigung für das Untersuchungsobjekt arbeiten, erschließen sich dem Analytiker erstmalig Möglichkeiten, auch sehr wertvolle und fragile Objekte zerstörungsfrei zu untersuchen.
PY - 2003
DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2003-0003
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 45
IS - 11-12
SP - 485
EP - 503
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-2745
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Qureshi, Navid
A1 - Morrow, Ryan
A1 - Eltoukhy, Samar
A1 - Grinenko, Vadim
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Onykiienko, Yevhen A.
A1 - Kulbakov, Anton
A1 - Inosov, Dmytro S.
A1 - Adler, Peter
A1 - Valldor, Martin
T1 - Noncollinear Magnetic Structures in the Chiral Antiperovskite β-Fe2SeO
N2 - We present the magnetic properties of the chiral, polar, andpossibly magnetoelectric antiperovskite β-Fe2SeO as derived from magnet-ization and specific-heat measurements as well as from powder neutrondiffraction and Mössbauer experiments. Our macroscopic data unambig-uously reveal two magnetic phase transitions at TN1 ≈ 103 K and TN2 ≈ 78K, while Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data reveals anoncollinear antiferromagnetic structure featuring magnetic moments inthe a−b plane of the trigonal structure and a ferromagnetic moment alongc. The latter is allowed by symmetry between TN1 and TN2, weakly visible inthe magnetization data yet unresolvable microscopically. While theintermediate phase can be expressed in the trigonal magnetic spacegroup P31, the magnetic ground state is modulated by a propagation vectorq = (1/2 1/2 0) resulting in triclinic symmetry and an even more complexlow-temperature spin arrangement which is also reflected in the Mö ssbauer hyperfine patterns indicating additional splitting of Fesites below TN2. The complex noncollinear spin arrangements suggest interesting magnetoelectric properties of this polar magnet.
KW - EXAFS
KW - Antiperovskite
KW - Magnetic structure
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02916
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 63
IS - 48
SP - 22712
EP - 22720
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-63116
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fiedler Bremer, C.
A1 - Scholz, R.
A1 - Myslicki, S.
A1 - Starke, P.
A1 - Boller, C.
A1 - Walther, F.
A1 - Krause, Martin
T1 - NDT-based characteriazation of timber and vulcanized fiber for civil infrastructure
N2 - The paper addresses beech wood as well as vulcanized fiber and discusses the results obtained when using acoustic emission and thermography as non-destructive testing techniques along tensile and load increase fatigue tests to characterize the wooden material’s behavior under increasing fatigue loads to get enhanced information regarding the fatigue behavior of both materials. Reference is mainly made to the materials’ anisotropic and microstructural behavior and what implications this has with respect to the materials’ strength. The influence of moisture is discussed, as well as parameters that may deserve monitoring in the sense of structural health monitoring to be applied in timber structures in general.
T2 - NDT-CE 2015 - International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 15.09.2015
KW - Ermüdung
KW - Belastungsversuch
KW - Thermographie
KW - ZfP
KW - Timber
PY - 2015
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-346377
UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=18419
SN - 1435-4934
VL - 20
IS - 11
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - NDT.net
CY - Kirchwald
AN - OPUS4-34637
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pogány, A.
A1 - Balslev-Harder, D.
A1 - Braban, Ch. F.
A1 - Cassidy, N.
A1 - Ebert, V.
A1 - Ferracci, V.
A1 - Hieta, T.
A1 - Leuenberger, D.
A1 - Martin, N. A.
A1 - Pascale, C.
A1 - Peltola, J.
A1 - Persijn, S.
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Twigg, M. M.
A1 - Vaittinen, Olavi
A1 - van Wijk, J.
A1 - Wirtz, K.
A1 - Niederhauser, B.
T1 - A metrological approach to improve accuracy and reliability of ammonia measurements in ambient air
N2 - The environmental impacts of ammonia (NH3) in ambient air have become more evident in the recent decades, leading to intensifying research in this field. A number of novel analytical techniques and monitoring instruments have been developed, and the quality and availability of reference gas mixtures used for the calibration of measuring instruments has also increased significantly. However, recent inter-comparison measurements show significant discrepancies, indicating that the majority of the newly developed devices and reference materials require further thorough validation. There is a clear need for more intensive metrological research focusing on quality assurance, intercomparability and validations. MetNH3 (Metrology for ammonia in ambient air) is a three-year project within the framework of the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), which aims to bring metrological traceability to ambient ammonia measurements in the 0.5–500 nmol mol−1 amount fraction range. This is addressed by working in three areas: (1) improving accuracy and stability of static and dynamic reference gas mixtures, (2) developing an optical transfer standard and (3) establishing the link between high-accuracy metrological standards and field measurements. In this article we describe the concept, aims and first results of the project.
KW - Ammonia in ambient air
KW - Traceability
KW - Reference gas standards
KW - Optical transfer standard
KW - Validation and testing infrastructure
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/27/11/115012
SN - 0957-0233
VL - 27
IS - 11
SP - 115012
EP - 115026
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-39130
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Schlosser, S.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Pernicka, E.
T1 - Vultures hit by beam
PY - 2005
UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2004.pdf#page=497
SN - 0179-4159
SP - 497
EP - 499
PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-7385
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Procop, Mathias
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Hasche, K.
A1 - Schädlich, S.
A1 - Frank, W.
T1 - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) measurement of thin-film thickness in the nanometre range
N2 - The thickness of thin films of platinum and nickel on fused silica and silicon substrates has been determined by EPMA using the commercial software STRATAGEM for calculation of film thickness. Film thickness ranged in the order 10 nm. An attempt was made to estimate the confidence range of the method by comparison with results from other methods of analysis. The data show that in addition to the uncertainty of the spectral intensity measurement and the complicated fitting routine, systematic deviation caused by the underlying model should be added. The scattering in the results from other methods does not enable specification of a range of uncertainty, but deviations from the real thickness are estimated to be less than 20%.
KW - Electron probe microanalysis
KW - EPMA
KW - Thin films
KW - Thickness measurement
KW - X-rays
PY - 2002
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1514-5
SN - 1618-2642
SN - 1618-2650
VL - 374
SP - 631
EP - 634
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-7090
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denker, A.
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
A1 - Merchel, Silke
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Kanngießer, B.
A1 - Malzer, W.
A1 - Röhrs, S.
A1 - Reiche, I.
A1 - Stege, H.
T1 - Röntgenanalytik für Kunstwerke und Kulturgüter
N2 - Naturwissenschaftler arbeiten mit Archäologen, Kunsthistorikern und Restauratoren zusammen, um Materialinformationen über Kunstwerke mit den Erkenntnissen aus Altertumsforschung, Kunstgeschichte und Denkmalpflege zu verbinden. Röntgenfluoreszenz und Röntgenemission sind die Methoden der Wahl, wenn wertvolle und fragile Objekte zerstörungsfrei zu untersuchen sind.
KW - Synchrotron
KW - XRF analysis
KW - Drawings
KW - Paintings
KW - Ink
KW - Art objects
KW - Archaeometry
KW - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA)
KW - Zeichnungen
KW - Gemälde
KW - Tinten
KW - Kunstobjekte
KW - Archäometrie
PY - 2005
SN - 1439-9598
SN - 1521-3854
VL - 53
IS - 2
SP - 118
EP - 123
PB - Wiley-VCH Verl.
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-6898
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wilhelm, Stefan
A1 - Kaiser, Martin
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Heiland, J.
A1 - Carrillo-Carrion, C.
A1 - Muhr, V.
A1 - Wolfbeis, Otto S.
A1 - Parak, W.J.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Hirsch, T.
T1 - Water dispersible upconverting nanoparticles: effects of surface modification on their luminescence and colloidal stability
N2 - We present a systematic study on the effect of surface ligands on the luminescence properties and colloidal stability of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), comparing nine different surface coatings to render these UCNPs water-dispersible and bioconjugatable. A prerequisite for this study was a large-scale synthetic method that yields ~2 g per batch of monodisperse oleate-capped UCNPs providing identical core particles. These ~23 nm sized UCNPs display an upconversion quantum yield of ~0.35% when dispersed in cyclohexane and excited with a power density of 150 W cm-2, underlining their high quality. A comparison of the colloidal stability and luminescence properties of these UCNPs, subsequently surface modified with ligand exchange or encapsulation protocols, revealed that the ratio of the green (545 nm) and red (658 nm) emission bands determined at a constant excitation power density clearly depends on the surface chemistry. Modifications relying on the deposition of additional (amphiphilic) layer coatings, where the initial oleate coating is retained, show reduced non-radiative quenching by water as compared to UCNPs that are rendered water-dispersible via ligand exchange. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the brightness of the upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs is strongly affected by the type of surface modification, i.e., ligand exchange or encapsulation, yet hardly by the chemical nature of the ligand.
KW - upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs)
KW - Luminescence
KW - surface modification
PY - 2015
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-324071
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05954a
SN - 2040-3364
SN - 2040-3372
VL - 7
IS - 4
SP - 1403
EP - 1410
PB - RSC Publ.
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-32407
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fittschen, U.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Böttger, S.
A1 - Rosenberg, D.
A1 - Menzel, M.
A1 - Jensen, W.
A1 - Busker, M.
A1 - Gotlib, Z.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Wobrauschek, P.
A1 - Streli, C.
ED - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
T1 - A setup for synchrotron-radiation-induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near-edge structure recently commissioned at BESSY II BAMline
N2 - An automatic sample changer chamber for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis in TXRF geometry was successfully set up at the BAMline at BESSY II. TXRF and TXRF-XANES are valuable tools for elemental determination and speciation, especially where sample amounts are limited (<1 mg) and concentrations are low (ng ml⁻¹ to μg ml⁻¹). TXRF requires a well defined geometry regarding the reflecting surface of a sample carrier and the synchrotron beam. The newly installed chamber allows for reliable sample positioning, remote sample changing and evacuation of the fluorescence beam path. The chamber was successfully used showing accurate determination of elemental amounts in the certified reference material NISTwater 1640. Low limits of detection of less than 100 fg absolute (10 pg ml⁻¹) for Ni were found. TXRF-XANES on different Re species was applied. An unknown species of Re was found to be Re in the +7 oxidation state.
KW - TXRF
KW - TXRF-XANES
KW - Sample changer
KW - BAMline
KW - Re-XANES
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577516001995
SN - 1600-5775
VL - 23
IS - 3
SP - 820
EP - 824
PB - International Union of Crystallography
AN - OPUS4-38656
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menzel, M.
A1 - Scharf, O.
A1 - Novak, S.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Hischenhuber, P.
A1 - Buzanich, Günter
A1 - Meyer, A.
A1 - Lopez, V.
A1 - McIntosh, K.
A1 - Streli, C.
A1 - Havrilla, G.
A1 - Fittschen, U.
T1 - Shading in TXRF: calculations and experimental validation using a color X-ray camera
N2 - Absorption effects in total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis are important to consider, especially if external calibration is to be applied. With a color X-ray camera (CXC), that enables spatially and energy resolved XRF analysis, the absorption of the primary beam was directly visualized for mL-droplets and an array of pL-droplets printed on a Si-wafer with drop-on-demand technology. As expected, deposits that are hit by the primary beam first shade subsequent droplets, leading to a diminished XRF signal. This shading effect was quantified with enhanced precision making use of sub-pixel analysis that improves the spatial resolution of the camera. The measured absorption was compared to simulated results using three different model calculations. It was found they match very well (average deviation < 10%). Thus errors in quantification due to absorption effects can be accounted for in a more accurate manner.
KW - absorption
KW - X-ray Fluorescence analysis
PY - 2015
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-359000
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5JA00127G
IS - 10
SP - 2184
EP - 2193
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-35900
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
A1 - Denker, A.
A1 - Merchel, S.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Wolff, T.
ED - Armbruster, B.
ED - Eilbracht, H.
ED - Hahn, Oliver
ED - Heinrich-Tamaska, O.
T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Analyse von Metallartefakten - Eine Fallstudie
N2 - Die naturwissenschaftliche Analyse historischer Materialen ermöglicht die Beantwortung kulturhistorischer Fragestellungen, die mit kunsthistorischen oder archäologischen Ansätzen allein nicht zu leisten sind. In dieser Studie wurden sechs römische Münzen mit unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägten Korrosionsschichten an unbehandelten und polierten Stellen mit vier zerstörungsfreien analytischen Methoden untersucht: Hoch- und Niederenergie Protonen Induzierter Röntgenemission (HE-/PIXE), Synchrotronstrahlungsinduzierte-Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (SY-RFA) und Mikro-Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (Mikro-RFA) mit einem mobilen Gerät. Aufgrund von Unterschieden in den Messbedingungen und dem Einfluss der Patina-Schichten auf diese ergaben sich nur für wenige Elemente Übereinstimmungen in den quantitativen Daten. Zur Validierung zukünftiger Messkampagnen mit verschiedenen Methoden sind daher Vergleichstudien unerlässlich.
N2 - Investigations of physical properties and chemical composition of ancient materials generate important data for answering culture-historical questions that cannot be solved by art historical and archaeological methods alone. This contribution reports on the analysis of six Roman coins, with different degrees of corrosion layers in parts that were not handled or polished, using four non-destructive methods: low-energy particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE, 2 MeV), high-energy PIXE (68 MeV), μ-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry with a portable device and synchrotron-radiation induced XRF. Because of differences in the conditions needed for measurement and the influence of the layers of patina on these measurements, there were few elements where the quantitative data were in agreement. Thus comparative analyses are essential to validate future measurement projects using different methods.
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Protoneninduzierte Röntgenemission
KW - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse
KW - Non-destructive testing
KW - Particle-induced X-ray emission
KW - X-ray fluorescence analysis
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-385702
SN - 978-3-9816751-5-3
VL - Berlin studies of the ancient world, Band 35
SP - 117
EP - 137
PB - Edition Topoi
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38570
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de O. Primo, J.
A1 - Horsth, D.F.
A1 - de S. Correa, J.
A1 - Das, A.
A1 - Bittencourt, C.
A1 - Umek, P.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill
A1 - Zanetta, C.
A1 - Anaissi, F.J.
T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for Bacteria Disinfection in Water
N2 - n this study, two green synthesis routes were used for the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles, using cassava starch as a simple and low-cost effective fuel and Aloe vera as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were characterized and used for bacterial dis-
infection of lake water contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Characterization indicated the formation of a face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver nanoparticles with no insertion of Ag into the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” were used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In comparison to pure ZnO, the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles showed high efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and general coliforms present in the lake
water. These pathogens were absent after treatment using Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ag/ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry are a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by bacteria, due to their facile preparation, low-cost synthesis,and disinfection efficiency.
KW - Synchrotron
KW - BAMline
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562440
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101764
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 12
IS - 10
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-56244
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gomes, Bruna F.
A1 - Prokop, Martin
A1 - Bystron, Tomas
A1 - Loukrakpam, Rameshwori
A1 - Melke, Julia
A1 - Lobo, Carlos M. S.
A1 - Fink, Michael
A1 - Zhu, Mengshu
A1 - Voloshina, Elena
A1 - Kutter, Maximilian
A1 - Hoffmann, Hendrik
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Bouzek, Karel
A1 - Paulus, Beate
A1 - Roth, Christina
T1 - Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H3PO3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalystwith H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate Proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition.
KW - H3PO4 life cycle
KW - XAS
KW - In situ coupling
KW - High-temperature fuel cells
KW - H3PO3,
KW - Δμ XANES
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
SN - 2155-5435
VL - 12
IS - 18
SP - 11472
EP - 11484
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64733
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Nowak, S. H.
A1 - Petric, M.
A1 - Buchriegler, J.
A1 - Bjeoumikhov, A.
A1 - Bjeoumikhova, Z.
A1 - von Borany, J.
A1 - Munnik, F.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Renno, A. D.
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Scharf, O.
A1 - Tilgner, J.
A1 - Wedell, R.
T1 - Road to micron resolution with a color X-ray camera - Polycapillary optics characterization
N2 - In a color X-ray camera spatial resolution is achieved by means of a polycapillary optic conducting X-ray photons from small regions on a sample to distinct energy dispersive pixels on a CCD matrix. At present, the resolution limit of color X-ray camera systems can go down to several microns and is mainly restricted by Pixel dimensions. The recent development of an efficient subpixel resolution algorithm allows a release from pixel size, limiting the resolution only to the quality of theoptics. In this work polycapillary properties that influence the spatial resolution are systematized and assessed both theoretically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that with the current technological Level reaching one micron resolution is challenging, but possible.
KW - Color X-ray camera
KW - Polycapillary optics
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-404404
DO - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1705.08939
SN - 2331-8422
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Cornell University
CY - Ithaca, NY
AN - OPUS4-40440
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Kulow, Anicó
A1 - Kabelitz, Anke
A1 - Grunewald, C.
A1 - Seidel, R.
A1 - Chapartegui-Arias, Ander
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Beyer, S.
T1 - Observation of early ZIF-8 crystallization stages with X-ray absorption spectroscopy
N2 - The present study investigates early stages of ZIF-8 crystallization up to 5 minutes post mixing of precursor solutions. Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (DXAS) provides a refined understanding of the evolution of the coordination environment during ZIF-8 crystallization. Linear Combination Fiting (LCF) suggests tetrakis(1-methylimidazole)zinc2+ to be a suitable and stable mononuclear structure analogue for some early stage ZIF-8 intermediates. Our results pave the way for more detailed studies on physico-chemical aspects of ZIF-8 crystallization to better control tailoring ZIF-8 materials for specific applications.
KW - In-situ
KW - XANES
KW - ZIF-8
KW - Crystallization
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SM01356K
SN - 1744-6848
VL - 17
IS - 2
SP - 331
EP - 334
PB - Royal Scociety of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-51723
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - C. Pardo Pérez, L.
A1 - Arndt, A.
A1 - Stojkovikj, S.
A1 - Y. Ahmet, I.
A1 - T. Arens,, J.
A1 - Dattila, F.
A1 - Wendt, R.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Davies, V.
A1 - Höflich, K.
A1 - Köhnen, E.
A1 - Tockhorn, P.
A1 - Golnak, R.
A1 - Xiao, J.
A1 - Schuck, G.
A1 - Wollgarten, M.
A1 - López, N.
A1 - T. Mayer, M.
T1 - Determining Structure-Activity Relationships in Oxide Derived CuSn Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction Using X-Ray Spectroscopy
N2 - The development of earth-abundant catalysts for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion is a central challenge. Cu-Sn bimetallic catalysts can yield selective CO2 reduction toward either CO or formate. This study presents oxide-derived Cu-Sn catalysts tunable for either product and seeks to understand the synergetic effects between Cu and Sn causing these selectivity trends. The materials undergo significant transformations under CO2 reduction conditions, and their dynamic bulk and surface structures are revealed by correlating observations from multiple methods—X-ray absorption spectroscopy for in situ study, and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface sensitivity. For both types of catalysts, Cu transforms to metallic Cu0 under reaction conditions. However, the Sn speciation and content differ significantly between the catalyst types: the CO-selective catalysts exhibit a surface Sn content of 13 at. % predominantly present as oxidized Sn, while the formate-selective catalysts display an Sn content of ≈70 at. % consisting of both metallic Sn0 and Sn oxide species. Density functional theory simulations suggest that Snδ+ sites weaken CO adsorption, thereby enhancing CO selectivity, while Sn0 sites hinder H adsorption and promote formate production. This study reveals the complex dependence of catalyst structure, composition, and speciation with electrochemical bias in bimetallic Cu catalysts.
KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion
KW - Cu catalysts
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547116
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103328
SN - 1614-6832
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 2103328
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-54711
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Wolf, Jakob
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Kern, S.
A1 - Angelone, D.
A1 - Leonov, A.
A1 - Cronin, L.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Standardization and control of Grignard reactions in a universal chemical synthesis machine using online NMR
T1 - Standardisierung und Kontrolle von Grignard-Reaktionen mittels Online-NMR in einer universellen chemischen Syntheseplattform
N2 - A big problem with the chemistry literature is that it is not standardized with respect to precise operational parameters, and real time corrections are hard to make without expert knowledge. This lack of context means difficult reproducibility because many steps are ambiguous, and hence depend on tacit knowledge. Here we present the integration of online NMR into an automated chemical synthesis machine (CSM aka. “Chemputer” which is capable of small-molecule synthesis using a universal programming language) to allow automated analysis and adjustment of reactions on the fly. The system was validated and benchmarked by using Grignard reactions which were chosen due to their importance in synthesis. The system was monitored in real time using online-NMR, and spectra were measured continuously during the reactions. This shows that the synthesis being done in the Chemputer can be dynamically controlled in response to feedback optimizing the reaction conditions according to the user requirements.
N2 - Ein Problem der chemischen Literatur ist die fehlende Standardisierung bezüglich genauer Bedingungen, auch Echtzeit-Korrekturen sind ohne Expertenwissen nur schwer möglich. Dieser Mangel an Details erschwert experimentelle Reproduzierbarkeit, da Schritte oft mehrdeutig sind und daher von implizitem Wissen abhängen. Hier präsentieren wir die Integration von Online-NMR Spektroskopie in eine automatisierte chemische Syntheseplattform (CSM aka. “Chemputer”, unter Verwendung einer universellen Programmiersprache zur Synthese kleiner Moleküle fähig), um eine automatisierte Analyse und Anpassung von Reaktionen im laufenden Betrieb zu ermöglichen. Das System wurde anhand von Grignard-Reaktionen, die aufgrund ihrer Bedeutung für die Synthese ausgewählt wurden, validiert und einem Härtetest unterzogen. Synthesen wurden in Echtzeit mit Online-NMR überwacht, und die Spektren wurden während der Reaktionen kontinuierlich aufgenommen und analysiert. Dies zeigt, dass der Chemputer dynamisch mittels einer Regelung kontrolliert werden kann, um die Reaktionsbedingungen entsprechend den Anforderungen des Benutzers zu optimieren.
KW - Grignard reaction
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Process control
KW - Grignard-Reaktion
KW - NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Prozesskontrolle
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531260
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202106323
SN - 1521-3773
SN - 1433-7851
N1 - Bibliografische Angaben für die deutsche Version: Angewandte Chemie 2021, Jg. 133, S. 1–7, ISSN 0044-8249, ISSN 1521-3757, https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202106323 - Bibliographic information for the German version: Angewandte Chemie 2021, vol. 133, p. 1–7, ISSN 0044-8249, ISSN 1521-3757, https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202106323
VL - 60
IS - 43
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-53126
LA - mul
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steglich, P.
A1 - Bondarenko, S.
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - CMOS-Compatible Silicon Photonic Sensor for Refractive Index Sensing Using Local Back-Side Release
N2 - Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. The sensor is based on a micro-ring resonator and is fabricated on wafer-level using a CMOS technology. We revealed a ring resonator sensitivity for homogeneous sensing of 106 nm/RIU.
KW - Photonic biosensor
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Ring resonator
KW - Resonance wavelength shift
KW - PIC technology
KW - Back-side integration
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517139
DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2020.3019114
VL - 32
IS - 19
SP - 1241
EP - 1244
PB - IEEE
AN - OPUS4-51713
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steglich, Patrick
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Böhme, A.
A1 - Bondarenko, S.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - A monolithically integrated microfluidic channel in a silicon-based photonic-integrated-circuit technology for biochemical sensing
N2 - In this work, a cost-effective optofluidic system is proposed and preliminary experimental results are presented. A microfluidic channel monolithically integrated into a photonic integrated circuit technology is used in conjunction with a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate to provide fluidic in- and output ports. We report on initial experimental results as well as on the simple and cost-effective fabrication of this optofluidic system by means of micro-milling.
KW - Biosensors
KW - Biophotonics
KW - Optical sensors
KW - Photonic sensors
KW - Ring resonators
KW - Silicon photonics
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Chip
KW - Biochip
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588791
VL - 11772
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - SPIE
AN - OPUS4-53559
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dittmar, Stefan
A1 - Weyrauch, Steffen
A1 - Reemtsma, Thorsten
A1 - Eisentraut, Paul
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Ruhl, Aki S.
A1 - Jekel, Martin
T1 - Settling Velocities of Tire and Road Wear Particles: Analyzing Finely Graded Density Fractions of Samples from a Road Simulator and a Highway Tunnel
N2 - The terminal settling velocity is considered the most critical parameter determining the transport of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in aquatic environments. Nonetheless, no respective empirical data has been reported so far. In this study, particle samples from a road simulator and a highway tunnel were investigated with a validated imaging method. Different density and size fractions of both samples were measured separately, acquiring sizes and settling velocities of more than 30,000 individual particles. In addition, tire marker polymers were analyzed for each fraction via thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Finally, the acquired particle data was combined according to the fractions’ estimated tire contents in order to deduce detailed probability distributions of particle size and settling velocity for the actual TRWP from both samples. Weighted by TRWP-incorporated tire mass, median diameters of 54 and 44 μm as well as median settling velocities of 0.65 and 0.22 mm/s were found for TRWP from the road simulator and highway tunnel, respectively. This study thus provides the first ever empirical data on TRWP settling velocities in water, which can be highly valuable input for modeling the environmental transport of TRWP and for dimensioning TRWP retention systems.
KW - Microplastics
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Sinking velocities
KW - Transport
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-635449
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c04165
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 59
IS - 26
SP - 13434
EP - 13446
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-63544
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dittmar, Stefan
A1 - Ruhl, Aki S.
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Jekel, Martin
T1 - Settling Velocities of Small Microplastic Fragments and Fibers
N2 - There is only sparse empirical data on the settling velocity of small, non-buoyant microplastics thus far, although it is an important parameter governing their vertical transport within aquatic environments. This study reports the settling velocities of 4031 exemplary microplastic particles. Focusing on the environmentally most prevalent particle shapes, irregular microplastic fragments of four different polymer types (9–289 µm) as well as five discrete length fractions (50–600 µm) of common nylon and polyester fibers were investigated, respectively. All settling experiments were carried out in quiescent water using a specialized optical imaging setup. The method has been previously validated in order to minimize disruptive factors, e.g. thermal convection or particle interactions, and thus enable the precise measurements of the velocities of individual microplastic particles (0.003–9.094 mm/s). Based on the obtained data, ten existing models for predicting a particle’s terminal settling velocity were assessed. It is concluded that models, which were specifically deduced from empirical data on larger microplastics, fail to provide accurate predictions for small microplastics. Instead, a different approach is highlighted as a viable option for computing settling velocities across the microplastics continuum in terms of size, density and shape.
KW - Microplastics
KW - Microplastic fibers
KW - Settling velocity
KW - Sinking velocity
KW - Sedimentation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597455
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09602
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 58
IS - 14
SP - 6359
EP - 6369
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-59745
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kulow, Anicó
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Hampel, S.
A1 - Fittschen, U.E.A.
A1 - Streli, C.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
T1 - Comparison of three reconstruction methods based on deconvolution, iterative algorithm and neural network for X-ray fluorescence imaging with coded apertures
N2 - X-ray imaging methods are used in many fields of research, as they allow a non-destructive Investigation of the elemental content of various samples. As for every imaging method, for X-ray imaging the optics are of crucial importance. However, these optics can be very expensive and laborious to build, as the requirements on surface roughness and precision are extremely high. Angles of reflection and refraction are often in the range of a few mrad, making a compact design hard to achieve. In this work we present a possibility to simplify X-ray imaging. We have adapted the coded aperture method, a high energy radiation imaging method that has its origins in astrophysics, to full field X-ray fluorescence imaging. In coded aperture imaging, an object is projected through a known mask, the coded aperture, onto an area sensitive detector. The resulting image consists of overlapping projections of the object and a reconstruction step is necessary to obtain the information from the recorded image. We recorded fluorescence images of different samples with an energy-dispersive 2D detector (pnCCD) and investigated different reconstruction methods. With a small coded aperture with 12 holes we could significantly increase the count rate compared to measurements with a straight polycapillary optic. We show that the reconstruction of two different samples is possible with a deconvolution approach, an iterative algorithm and a neural network. These results demonstrate that X-ray fluorescence imaging with coded apertures has the potential to deliver good results without scanning and with an improved count rate, so that measurement times can be shortened compared to established methods.
KW - X-ray fluorescence imaging
KW - Coded apertures
KW - Imaging
KW - Elemental mapping
KW - Image reconstruction
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00146e
VL - 35
IS - 7
SP - 1423
EP - 1434
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - United Kingdom
AN - OPUS4-51518
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kulow, Anicó
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Hampel, S.
A1 - Fittschen, UEA
A1 - Streli, C.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
T1 - Reconstruction for coded aperture full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging
N2 - X-ray fluorescence imaging is a well-established tool in materials characterization. In this work, we present the adaption of coded aperture imaging to full-field X-ray fluorescence imaging at the synchrotron. Coded aperture imaging has its origins in astrophysics, and has several advantages: Coded apertures are relatively easy to fabricate, achromatic, allow a high photon throughput, and high angular acceptance. Coded aperture imaging is a two-step-process, consisting of the measurement process and a reconstruction step. Different programs have been written, for the raytracing/forward projection and the reconstruction. Experiments with coded aperture in combination with a Color X-ray Camera and an energy-dispersive area detector, have been conducted at the BAMline. Measured samples were successfully reconstructed, and gave a 9.1-fold increase in count rate compared to a polycapillary optic.
KW - Synchrotron
KW - BAMline
KW - Coded Aperture
PY - 2022
SN - 1097-0002
VL - 65
SP - 57
EP - 70
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-56350
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Berger, J.
A1 - Zahedi-Azad, S.
A1 - Voss, H.
A1 - Ernst, O.C.
A1 - Hammerschmidt, R.
A1 - Boeck, T.
A1 - Martin, J.
A1 - Bonse, J.
A1 - Krüger, J.
A1 - Schmid, M.
T1 - CuInSe2-based micro-concentrator solar cells fabricated from In islands grown by laser-assisted MO-CVD
N2 - Micro-concentrator solar cells offer a promising route for reducing material usage in photovoltaics. For Cu(In,Ga)Se2, multiple micro-concentrator manufacturing methods have already been evaluated. All of them involve either high preparation complexity or post-processing to recycle unused precursor or absorber materials. In this work, a new method using laser-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LA-MOCVD) was applied to directly grow arrays of indium micro-islands. These arrays are examined and further processed to CuInSe2 micro-solar cell arrays. The geometry and morphology of the islands were investigated and compared before and after absorber formation. The investigation shows that the absorber growth is limited to the vertical direction normal to the substrate surface and that the starting morphology is preserved. Furthermore, the absorber island arrays are processed into micro-modules and operational solar cells are achieved as a proof of principle. These not yet optimized arrays reach a conversion efficiency of 0.65% under 1 sun illumination. Under 17 suns of light concentration, the efficiency gain is between 60 and 250%. This work demonstrates the method's viability for the fabrication of micro-solar cell arrays, with clear potential for achieving higher conversion efficiencies through future optimization.
KW - Micro-concentrator solar cells
KW - Laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition
KW - CISe
KW - Bottom-up fabrication
KW - Resource efficiency
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656711
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114284
SN - 0927-0248
VL - 301
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-65671
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kim, Y.S.
A1 - Li, Y.-C.
A1 - Pitts, W.M.
A1 - Werrel, Martin
A1 - Davis, R.D.
T1 - Rapid growing clay coatings to reduce the fire threat of furniture
N2 - Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly coatings reduce the flammability of textiles and polyurethane foam but require extensive repetitive processing steps to produce the desired coating thickness and nanoparticle fire retardant content that translates into a fire retardant coating. Reported here is a new hybrid bi-layer (BL) approach to fabricate fire retardant coatings on polyurethane foam. Utilizing hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction along with the pH adjustment, a fast growing coating with significant fire retardant clay content was achieved. This hybrid BL coating exhibits significant fire performance improvement in both bench scale and real scale tests. Cone calorimetry bench scale tests show a 42% and 71% reduction in peak and average heat release rates, respectively. Real scale furniture mockups constructed using the hybrid LbL coating reduced the peak and average heat release rates by 53% and 63%, respectively. This is the first time that the fire safety in a real scale test has been reported for any LbL technology. This hybrid LbL coating is the fastest approach to develop an effective fire retardant coating for polyurethane foam.
KW - Layer-by-layer assembly
KW - Polyurethane foam
KW - Sodium montmorillonite
KW - Flame retardant
KW - Real scale mockup
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/am405259n
SN - 1944-8244
SN - 0013-936X
SN - 1944-8252
VL - 6
IS - 3
SP - 2146
EP - 2152
PB - ACS Publ.
CY - Washington, DC, USA
AN - OPUS4-31489
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Gardei, André
A1 - Garcia, O.
A1 - Riedl, Martin
A1 - Vanhellemond, I.
A1 - Suput, J.S.
A1 - Santarelli, M.-L.
A1 - Rodríguez-Maribona, I.
A1 - Müller, Urs
ED - Jadwiga W. Lukaszewicz,
ED - Piotr Niemcewicz,
T1 - Performance and durability of a new antigraffiti system for cultural heritage - the EC project GRAFFITAGE
T2 - 11th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone
CY - Torun, Poland
DA - 2008-09-15
KW - Cultural heritage
KW - Antigraffiti system
KW - Sandstone
KW - Limestone
KW - Brick
KW - Monument
KW - Cleaning
KW - Historische Baustoffe
PY - 2008
SN - 978-83-231-2237-1
VL - II
SP - 889
EP - 897
PB - Nicolaus Copernicus University Press
CY - Torun, Poland
AN - OPUS4-18844
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nowak, S.H.
A1 - Bjeoumikhov, A.
A1 - Von Borany, J.
A1 - Buchriegler, J.
A1 - Munnik, F.
A1 - Petric, M.
A1 - Renno, A.D.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Scharf, O.
A1 - Strüder, L.
A1 - Wedell, R.
A1 - Ziegenrücker, R.
T1 - Examples of XRF and PIXE imaging with few microns resolution using SLcam® a color X-ray camera
N2 - We present results of recent development of the color X-ray camera, type SLcam®, allowing detection of X-ray images with few microns resolution. Such spectral resolution is achieved with the use of high-quality polycapillary optics combined with sub-pixel resolution. Imaging of Siemens star resolution test chart reveals that the resolution limit of SLcam® can go down to nearly 5µm. Several real sample examples of measurements carried out at the laboratory, synchrotron, and particle-induced X-ray emission beamlines are shown. This is the first time SLcam® is used as particle-induced X-ray emission detector.
KW - X-ray
KW - Color X-ray camera
KW - CXC
KW - Synchrotron radiation
KW - BESSY
KW - BAMline
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2590
SN - 0049-8246
VL - 44
IS - 3
SP - 135
EP - 140
PB - Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-33170
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Curado, Jessica
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Buzanich, Günter
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Guttler, R.A.S.
A1 - Rizzutto, M.A.
T1 - μ-SRXRF characterization of Brazilian emeralds
N2 - The aim of the present study is to characterize emeralds from different mines of Brazil by using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence Microanalysis (µ-SRXRF). The advantage of this technique is that we can analyze a homogeneous, inclusion free area of the stone with the microbeam to distinguish the elemental fingerprint according to the provenance of the emerald. A total of 47 samples belonging to 5 different Brazilian mines were studied in this work and 28 elements were identified. By means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it is possible to build different groups according to the provenance of the stones, which allows to assign samples of unknown origin to the according mine.
T2 - 22nd International congress on X-ray optics and microanalysis
CY - Hamburg, Germany
DA - 02.09.2013
KW - µ-SRXRF
KW - BAMline
KW - Emeralds
KW - Geoscience
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/499/1/012016
SN - 1742-6588
SN - 1742-6596
VL - 499
SP - 012016-1
EP - 012016-5
PB - IOP Publ.
CY - Bristol, UK
AN - OPUS4-30541
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nowak, S.H.
A1 - Bjeoumikhov, A.
A1 - Von Borany, J.
A1 - Buchriegler, J.
A1 - Munnik, F.
A1 - Petric, M.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Renno, A.D.
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Scharf, O.
A1 - Wedell, R.
T1 - Sub-pixel resolution with a color X-ray camera
N2 - The color X-ray camera SLcam® is a full-field, single photon detector providing scanning-free, energy and spatially resolved X-ray imaging. Spatial resolution is achieved with the use of polycapillary optics guiding X-ray photons from small regions on a sample to distinct energy dispersive pixels on a charged-coupled device detector. Applying sub-pixel resolution, signals from individual capillary channels can be distinguished. Therefore, the SLcam® spatial resolution, which is normally limited to the pixel size of the charge-coupled device, can be improved to the size of individual polycapillary channels. In this work a new approach to a sub-pixel resolution algorithm comprising photon events also from the pixel centers is proposed. The details of the employed numerical method and several sub-pixel resolution examples are presented and discussed.
KW - Color X-ray camera
KW - Sub pixel analysis
PY - 2015
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-334948
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00028a
SN - 0267-9477
SN - 1364-5544
SP - 1890
EP - 1897
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-33494
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -