TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, P. A1 - Ye, S. A1 - Qin, L. A1 - Huang, Y. A1 - Yang, J. A1 - Yu, L. A1 - Wu, Dejian T1 - Experimental study on the maximum excess ceiling gas temperature generated by horizontal cable tray fires in urban utility tunnels N2 - Safety concerns on cable tray fires in urban utility tunnels, which may further trigger huge casualties, ceiling structure damages, power failures and other domino effects, attract increasing attention in recent years. Determining the maximum excess ceiling gas temperature (MECT) induced by cable tray fires in urban utility tunnels is crucial to evaluate the fire risks. A series of one-layer horizontal cable tray fire experiments to explore the MECT were carried out in a large-scale utility tunnel without mechanical ventilations. The number of cables on the tray was varied from 8 to 18 in the experiments. The experimental results showed that the cable tray fire burning could be divided into three distinct stages, including ignition, self-sustaining and decaying stages. In the self-sustaining combustion stage, the cable tray was found to burn relatively steady. The mean MECT was also investigated since it represents one of the main characteristics of the cable tray fire. By redefining two parameters (the heat release rate and the effective ceiling height) in three classical MECT models proposed originally based on pool-fire, these three models could be extended to be able to predict the mean MECT generated from the cable tray fire (solid combustible) within 20% deviations. Consequently, two novel models were respectively proposed to predict the mean MECT at the self-sustaining burning period and the instantaneous MECT of one-layer horizontal cable tray fire in utility tunnel, which would be useful in the field of fire protection engineering. KW - Urban utility tunnel KW - Cable tray fire KW - MECT KW - Heat release rate KW - Tunnel fire PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107341 SN - 1290-0729 VL - 172, Part B SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier Masson SAS AN - OPUS4-55056 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Martos, G. A1 - Josephs, R. A1 - Choteau, T. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Davies, S. A1 - Moawad, M. A1 - Tarrant, G. A1 - Chan, B. A1 - Alamgir, M. A1 - de Rego, E. A1 - Wollinger, W. A1 - Garrido, B. A1 - Fernandes, J. A1 - de Sena, R. A1 - Oliveira, R. A1 - Melanson, J. A1 - Bates, J. A1 - Mai Le, P. A1 - Meija, J. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Ma, R. A1 - Zhang, S. A1 - Hao, Y. A1 - He, Y. A1 - Song, S. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Su, F. A1 - Zhang, T. A1 - Li, H. A1 - Lam, W. A1 - Wong, W. A1 - Fung, W. A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Riedel, Juliane A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Giannikopoulou, P. A1 - Alexopoulos, Ch. A1 - Kakoulides, E. A1 - Kitamaki, Y. A1 - Yamazaki, T. A1 - Shimizu, Y. A1 - Kuroe, M. A1 - Numata, M. A1 - Pérez-Castorena, A. A1 - Balderas-Escamilla, M. A1 - Garcia-Escalante, J. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Mikheeva, A. A1 - Beliakov, M. A1 - Palagina, M. A1 - Tkachenko, I. A1 - Spirin, S. A1 - Smirnov, V. A1 - Tang Lin, T. A1 - Pui Sze, C. A1 - Juan, W. A1 - Lingkai, W. A1 - Ting, L. A1 - Quinde, L. A1 - Yizhao, C. A1 - Lay Peng, S. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Prevoo-Franzsen, D. A1 - Quinn, L. A1 - Nhlapo, N. A1 - Mkhize, D. A1 - Marajh, D. A1 - Chamane, S. A1 - Ahn, S. A1 - Choi, K. A1 - Lee, S. A1 - Han, J. A1 - Baek, S. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Marbumrung, S. A1 - Jongmesuk, P. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Boonyakong, C. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Bilsel, G. A1 - Gökçen, T. A1 - Clarkson, C. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Achtar, E. T1 - Mass fraction assignment of Bisphenol-A high purity material N2 - The CCQM-K148.a comparison was coordinated by the BIPM on behalf of the CCQM Organic Analysis Working Group for NMIs and DIs which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the CIPM MRA. It was undertaken as a "Track A" comparison within the OAWG strategic plan. CCQM-K148.a demonstrates capabilities for assigning the mass fraction content of a solid organic compound having moderate molecular complexity, where the compound has a molar mass in the range (75 - 500) g/mol and is non-polar (pKow < −2), when present as the primary organic component in a neat organic solid and where the mass fraction content of the primary component in the material is in excess of 950 mg/g. Participants were required to report the mass fraction of Bisphenol A present in one supplied unit of the comparison material. Participants using a mass balance method for the assignment were also required to report their assignments of the impurity components present in the material. Methods used by the seventeen participating NMIs or DIs were predominantly based on either stand-alone mass balance (summation of impurities) or qNMR approaches, or the combination of data obtained using both methods. The results obtained using thermal methods based on freezing-point depression methods were also reported by a limited number of participants. There was excellent agreement between assignments obtained using all three approaches to assign the BPA content. The assignment of the values for the mass fraction content of BPA consistent with the KCRV was achieved by most of the comparison participants with an associated relative standard uncertainty in the assigned value in the range (0.1 - 0.5)%. KW - Bisphenol-A KW - Purity assessment KW - Interlaboratory key comparison KW - Metrology PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/58/1A/08015 VL - 58 IS - 1A SP - 08015 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-54188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Josephs, R. A1 - Choteau, T. A1 - Daireaux, A. A1 - Stoppacher, N. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Davies, S. A1 - do Rego, E. A1 - Wollinger, W. A1 - Garrido, B. A1 - Fernandes, J. A1 - Lima, J. A1 - Oliveira, R. A1 - de Sena, R. A1 - Windust, A. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - He, H. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Wei, C. A1 - Li, N. A1 - Gao, D. A1 - Liu, Z. A1 - Lo, M. A1 - Wong, W. A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Rothe, Robert A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Hanari, N. A1 - Rezali, M. A1 - Arzate, C. A1 - Berenice, M. A1 - Caballero, V. A1 - Osuna, M. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Kharitonov, S. A1 - Lopushanskaya, E. A1 - Liu, Q. A1 - Lin, T. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Quinn, L. A1 - Nhlapo, N. A1 - Prevoo-Franzsen, D. A1 - Archer, M. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Baek, S. A1 - Lee, S. A1 - Lee, J. A1 - Marbumrung, S. A1 - Kankaew, P. A1 - Chaorenpornpukdee, K. A1 - Chaipet, T. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Gören, A. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Un, I. A1 - Bilsel, G. A1 - Clarkson, C. A1 - Bedner, M. A1 - Camara, J. A1 - Lang, B. A1 - Lippa, K. A1 - Nelson, M. A1 - Toman, B. A1 - Yu, L. T1 - Mass fraction assignment of folic acid in a high purity material - CCQM-K55.d (Folic acid) Final Report N2 - The comparison required the assignment of the mass fraction of folic acid present as the main component in the comparison sample. Performance in the comparison is representative of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of medium structural complexity [molecular weight range 300–500] and high polarity (pKOW < −2). Methods used by the eighteen participating NMIs or DIs were based on a mass balance (summation of impurities) or qNMR approach, or the combination of data obtained using both methods. The qNMR results tended to give slightly lower values for the content of folic acid, albeit with larger associated uncertainties, compared with the results obtained by mass balance procedures. Possible reasons for this divergence are discussed in the report, without reaching a definitive conclusion as to their origin. The comparison demonstrates that for a structurally complex polar organic compound containing a high water content and presenting a number of additional analytical challenges, the assignment of the mass fraction content property value of the main component can reasonably be achieved with an associated relative standard uncertainty in the assigned value of 0.5% KW - CCQM key comparison KW - Purity assessment KW - Folic acid PY - 2018 UR - https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K55/CCQM-K55.d.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/55/1A/08013 VL - 55 IS - Technical Supplement, 2018 SP - 08013, 1 EP - 38 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP) ; Bureau International des Poids et Mesures AN - OPUS4-44999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Titirici, M. A1 - Baird, S. G. A1 - Sparks, T. D. A1 - Yang, S. M. A1 - Brandt-Talbot, A. A1 - Hosseinaei, O. A1 - Harper, D. P. A1 - Parker, R. M. A1 - Vignolini, S. A1 - Berglund, L. A. A1 - Li, Y. A1 - Gao, H.-L. A1 - Mao, L.-B. A1 - Yu, S.-H. A1 - Díez, N. A1 - Ferrero, G. A. A1 - Sevilla, M. A1 - Szilágyi, P. Á. A1 - Stubbs, C. J. A1 - Worch, J. C. A1 - Huang, Y. A1 - Luscombe, C. K. A1 - Lee, K.-Y. A1 - Luo, H. A1 - Platts, M. J. A1 - Tiwari, D. A1 - Kovalevskiy, D. A1 - Fermin, D. J. A1 - Au, H. A1 - Alptekin, H. A1 - Crespo-Ribadeneyra, M. A1 - Ting, V. P. A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick A1 - Barrio, J. A1 - Westhead, O. A1 - Roy, C. A1 - Stephens, I. E. L. A1 - Nicolae, S. A. A1 - Sarma, S. C. A1 - Oates, R. P. A1 - Wang, C.-G. A1 - Li, Z. A1 - Loh, X. J. A1 - Myers, R. J. A1 - Heeren, N. A1 - Grégoire, A. A1 - Périssé, C. A1 - Zhao, X. A1 - Vodovotz, Y. A1 - Earley, B. A1 - Finnveden, G. A1 - Björklund, A. A1 - Harper, G. D. J. A1 - Walton, A. A1 - Anderson, P. A. T1 - The sustainable materials roadmap N2 - Our ability to produce and transform engineered materials over the past 150 years is responsible for our high standards of living today, especially in the developed economies. Yet, we must carefully think of the effects our addiction to creating and using materials at this fast rate will have on the future generations. The way we currently make and use materials detrimentally affects the planet Earth, creating many severe environmental problems. It affects the next generations by putting in danger the future of economy, energy, and climate. We are at the point where something must drastically change, and it must change NOW. We must create more sustainable materials alternatives using natural raw materials and inspiration from Nature while making sure not to deplete important resources, i.e. in competition with the food chain supply. We must use less materials, eliminate the use of toxic materials and create a circular materials economy where reuse and recycle are priorities. We must develop sustainable methods for materials recycling and encourage design for disassembly. We must look across the whole materials life cycle from raw resources till end of life and apply thorough life cycle assessments based on reliable and relevant data to quantify sustainability. KW - Electrochemistry KW - Fe-N-C catalysts KW - Fuel cells KW - Catalysis PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550126 SN - 2515-7639 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 98 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-55012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Li, H. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Li, M. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Zhang, Q. A1 - Davies, S. R. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Lo, M.-F. A1 - Kakoulides, E. A1 - Gören, A. C. A1 - Marbumrung, S. A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Kankaew, P. A1 - Sudsiri, N. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Pookrod, P. A1 - Polzer, J. A1 - Radeck, W. T1 - CCQM-K104 key comparison (avermectin B(1)a) on the characterization of organic substances for chemical purity N2 - Under the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM), a key comparison, CCQM-K104, was coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM). The comparison was designed to demonstrate a laboratory's performance in determining the mass fraction of the main component in a complex high purity organic material. Nine NMIs or DIs participated in the comparison. Eight participants reported their results. An additional impurity was resolved from the avermectin B1a peak and was tentatively identified as an unknown impurity by NMIA (National Measurement Institute (Australia)). It was subsequently identified by NIM as a diastereoisomer of avermectin B1a at the C-26 position. Final reference value (KCRV) = 924.63 mg/g, with uncertainty (k=1) = 3.89 mg/g, and expanded uncertainty = 8.97 mg/g. The degrees of equivalence with the avermectin B1a KCRV for each participant were reported. The measurement results and degrees of equivalence should be indicative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of high structural complexity (relative molecular mass range of 500 Da -1000 Da and low polarity (-log KOW ≤ -2). KW - NMR KW - Key comparision KW - CCQM PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/08019 SN - 0026-1394 VL - 54 SP - 2 EP - 32 AN - OPUS4-45381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Li, H. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Li, M. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Zhang, Q. A1 - Davies, S. R A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Lo, M.-F. A1 - Kakoulides, E. A1 - Ceyhan Gören, A. A1 - Marbumrung, S. A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Kankaew, P. A1 - Sudsiri, N. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Pookrod, P. A1 - Polzer, J. A1 - Radeck, W. T1 - CCQM-K104 Key Comparison on the characterization of organic substances for chemical purity - Avermectin B1a N2 - Anwendungen von qNMR KW - qNMR PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 32 AN - OPUS4-45035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Josephs, R. A1 - Choteau, T. A1 - Daireaux, A. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Davies, S. A1 - Moad, M. A1 - Chan, B. A1 - Munoz, A. A1 - Conneely, P. A1 - Ricci, M. A1 - Do Rego, E.C.P. A1 - Garrido, B.C. A1 - Violante, F.G.M. A1 - Windust, A. A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Su, F. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Lo, M. A1 - Wong, W. A1 - Gantois, F. A1 - Lalerle, B. A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Rothe, Robert A1 - Yamazaki, T. A1 - Zakaria, O. B. A1 - Castro, E. A1 - Balderas, M. A1 - González, N. A1 - Salazar, C. A1 - Regalado, L. A1 - Valle, E. A1 - Rodríguez, L. A1 - Laguna, L.Á.. A1 - Ramírez, P. A1 - Avila, M. A1 - Ibarra, J. A1 - Valle, L. A1 - Arce, M. A1 - Mitani, Y. A1 - Konopelko, L. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Lopushanskaya, E. A1 - Lin, T.T. A1 - Liu, Q. A1 - Kooi, L.T. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Prevoo-Franzsen, D. A1 - Nhlapo, N. A1 - Visser, R. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Lee, H. A1 - Kankaew, P. A1 - Pookrod, P. A1 - Sudsiri, N. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Gören, A.C. A1 - Bilsel, G. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Cergel, M. A1 - Coskun, F.G. A1 - Uysal, E. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Bearden, D.W. A1 - Bedner, M. A1 - Duewer, D.L. A1 - Lang, B.E. A1 - Lippa, K.A. A1 - Schantz, M.M. A1 - Sieber, J.R. T1 - Final report on key comparison CCQM-K55.c (L-(+)-Valine): Characterization of organic substances for chemical purity N2 - KEY COMPARISON Under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) a key comparison, CCQM K55.c, was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2012. Twenty National Measurement Institutes or Designated Institutes and the BIPM participated. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of valine present as the main component in the comparison sample for CCQM-K55.c. The comparison samples were prepared from analytical grade L-valine purchased from a commercial supplier and used as provided without further treatment or purification. Valine was selected to be representative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of low structural complexity [molecular weight range 100–300] and high polarity (pKOW > –2). The KCRV for the valine content of the material was 992.0 mg/g with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.3 mg/g. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) was assigned by combination of KCRVs assigned from participant results for each orthogonal impurity class. The relative expanded uncertainties reported by laboratories having results consistent with the KCRV ranged from 1 mg/g to 6 mg/g when using mass balance based approaches alone, 2 mg/g to 7 mg/g using quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) based approaches and from 1 mg/g to 2.5 mg/g when a result obtained by a mass balance method was combined with a separate qNMR result. The material provided several analytical challenges. In addition to the need to identify and quantify various related amino acid impurities including leucine, isoleucine, alanine and a-amino butyrate, care was required to select appropriate conditions for performing Karl Fischer titration assay for water content to avoid bias due to in situ formation of water by self-condensation under the assay conditions. It also proved to be a challenging compound for purity assignment by qNMR techniques. There was overall excellent agreement between participants in the identification and the quantification of the total and individual related structure impurities, water content, residual solvent and total non-volatile content of the sample. Appropriate technical justifications were developed to rationalise observed discrepancies in the limited cases where methodology differences led to inconsistent results. The comparison demonstrated that to perform a qNMR purity assignment the selection of appropriate parameters and an understanding of their potential influence on the assigned value is critical for reliable implementation of the method, particularly when one or more of the peaks to be quantified consist of complex multiplet signals. PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/51/1A/08010 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 51 SP - 08010, 1 EP - 44 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-31072 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, M.D. A1 - Becker-Ross, H. A1 - Okruss, M. A1 - Geisler, S. A1 - Florek, S. A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Meckelburg, Angela T1 - Direct determination of fluorine in niobium oxide using slurry sampling electrothermal high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry N2 - Aiming for a round-robin test, a new method for the direct determination of fluorine in niobium oxide has been developed. It is based on the use of high-resolution molecular absorption spectra of calcium mono-fluoride (CaF) generated in the graphite tube, combined with the slurry sampling technique. The absorption measurement was performed at the 606.44 nm CaF rotational line. By using graphite tubes with zirconium carbide (ZrC) modified platform, the molecular absorption sensitivity of CaF has been improved by a factor of 20, and no additional chemical modifier was necessary. Generally, non-spectral interferences were observed in the presence of HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4. For HCl, additional spectral interference occurred due to an overlap of the absorption spectra of CaF and CaCl. However, due to the absence of these mentioned substances in the current material, such interferences do not exist for this application. The characteristic mass found for the CaF 606.44 nm line was 0.1 ng; the limit of detection was 5 mg fluorine per kg solid sample (3σ criterion). The results obtained by the method were within the range of certified values. Comparing to the classical method such as the pyrohydrolysis-photometric method, the developed new method showed clear advantages regarding sensitivity and specificity. The time requirement for one sample analysis was strongly shortened from several hours to only some minutes. KW - Continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry KW - Fluorine determination KW - Niobium oxide KW - Slurry sampling PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2014.02.005 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 94-95 SP - 34 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faghani, A. A1 - Gholami, M. F. A1 - Trunk, M. A1 - Müller, J. A1 - Pachfule, P. A1 - Vogl, S. A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Li, M. A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Shao, J. A1 - Huang, M. R. S. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Arenal, R. A1 - Koch, C. T. A1 - Paulus, B. A1 - Rabe, J. P. A1 - Thomas, A. A1 - Haag, R. A1 - Adeli, M. T1 - Metal-Assisted and Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Triazine Structures on Gram Scale N2 - Covalent triazine frameworks are an emerging material class that have shown promising performance for a range of applications. In this work, we report on a metal-assisted and solvent-mediated reaction between calcium carbide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, to synthesize two-dimensional triazine structures (2DTSs). The reaction between the solvent, dimethylformamide, and cyanuric chloride was promoted by calcium carbide and resulted in dimethylamino-s-triazine intermediates, which in turn undergo nucleophilic substitutions. This reaction was directed into two dimensions by calcium ions derived from calcium carbide and induced the formation of 2DTSs. The role of calcium ions to direct the two-dimensionality of the final structure was simulated using DFT and further proven by synthesizing molecular intermediates. The water content of the reaction medium was found to be a crucial factor that affected the structure of the products dramatically. While 2DTSs were obtained under anhydrous conditions, a mixture of graphitic material/2DTSs or only graphitic material (GM) was obtained in aqueous solutions. Due to the straightforward and gram-scale synthesis of 2DTSs, as well as their photothermal and photodynamic properties, they are promising materials for a wide range of future applications, including bacteria and virus incapacitation. KW - XPS KW - Triazine KW - 2D PY - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02399 VL - 142 IS - 30 SP - 12976 EP - 12986 PB - ACS American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-51203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kang, Y. A1 - Nack, L. M. A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Qi, B. A1 - Huang, Y. A1 - Liu, Z. A1 - Chakraborty, I. A1 - Schulz, F. A1 - Ahmed, A. A. A. A1 - Poveda, M. C. A1 - Hafizi, F. A1 - Roy, S. A1 - Mutas, M. A1 - Holzapfel, M. A1 - Sanchez-Cano, C. A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Feliu, N. A1 - Parak, W. J. T1 - Quantitative considerations about the size dependence of cellular entry and excretion of colloidal nanoparticles for different cell types N2 - Most studies about the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells have focused on how the physicochemical properties of NPs will influence their uptake by cells. However, much less is known about their potential excretion from cells. However, to control and manipulate the number of NPs in a cell, both cellular uptake and excretion must be studied quantitatively. Monitoring the intracellular and extracellular amount of NPs over time (after residual noninternalized NPs have been removed) enables one to disentangle the influences of cell proliferation and exocytosis, the major pathways for the reduction of NPs per cell. Proliferation depends on the type of cells, while exocytosis depends in addition on properties of the NPs, such as their size. Examples are given herein on the role of these two different processes for different cells and NPs. KW - Cell proliferation KW - Exocytosis KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Quantum dots KW - Fluorescence KW - Uptake studies PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543476 SN - 2199-3793 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -