TY - JOUR A1 - Nelson, G. A1 - Boehm, U. A1 - Bagley, S. A1 - Bajcsy, P. A1 - Bischof, J. A1 - Brown, C. M. A1 - Dauphin, A. A1 - Dobbie, I. M. A1 - Eriksson, J. E. A1 - Faklaris, O. A1 - Fernandez-Rodriguez, J. A1 - Ferrand, A. A1 - Gelman, L, A1 - Gheisari, A. A1 - Hartmann, H. A1 - Kukat, C. A1 - Laude, A. A1 - Mitkovski, M. A1 - Munck, S. A1 - North, A. J. A1 - Rasse, T. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Schuetz, L. C. A1 - Seitz, A. A1 - Strambio-De-Castillia, C. A1 - Swedlow, J. R. A1 - Alexopoulos, I. A1 - Aumayr, K. A1 - Avilov, S. A1 - Bakker, G.-J. A1 - Bammann, R. R. A1 - Bassi, A. A1 - Beckert, H. A1 - Beer, S. A1 - Belyaev, Y. A1 - Bierwagen, J. A1 - Birngruber, K. A. A1 - Bosch, M. A1 - Breitlow, J. A1 - Cameron, L. A. A1 - Chalfoun, J. A1 - Chambers, J. J. A1 - Chen, C.-L. A1 - Conde-Sousa, E. A1 - Corbett, A. D. A1 - Cordelieres, F. P. A1 - Del Nery, E. A1 - Dietzel, R. A1 - Eismann, F. A1 - Fazeli, E. A1 - Felscher, A. A1 - Fried, H. A1 - Gaudreault, N. A1 - Goh, W. I. A1 - Guilbert, T. A1 - Hadleigh, R. A1 - Hemmerich, P. A1 - Holst, G. A. A1 - Itano, M. S. A1 - Jaffe, C. B. A1 - Jambor, H. K. A1 - Jarvis, S. C. A1 - Keppler, A. A1 - Kirchenbuechler, D. A1 - Kirchner, M. A1 - Kobayashi, N. A1 - Krens, G. A1 - Kunis, S. A1 - Lacoste, J. A1 - Marcello, M. A1 - Martins, G. G. A1 - Metcalf, D. J. A1 - Mitchell, C. A. A1 - Moore, J. A1 - Mueller, T. A1 - Nelson, M. S. A1 - Ogg, S. A1 - Onami, S. A1 - Palmer, A. L. A1 - Paul-Gilloteaux, P. A1 - Pimentel, J. A. A1 - Plantard, L. A1 - Podder, S. A1 - Rexhepaj, E. A1 - Royon, A. A1 - Saari, M. A. A1 - Schapman, D. A1 - Schoonderwoert, V. A1 - Schroth-Diez, B. A1 - Schwartz, S. A1 - Shaw, M. A1 - Spitaler, M. A1 - Stoeckl, M. T. A1 - Sudar, D. A1 - Teillon, J. A1 - Terjung, S. A1 - Thuenauer, R. A1 - Wilms, C. D. A1 - Wright, G. D. A1 - Nitschke, R. T1 - QUAREP-LiMi: A community-driven initiative to establish guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility for instruments and images in light microscopy N2 - A modern day light microscope has evolved from a tool devoted to making primarily empirical observations to what is now a sophisticated, quantitative device that is an integral part of both physical and life science research. Nowadays, microscopes are found in nearly every experimental laboratory. However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted. This is clearly demonstrated by the well-documented and widespread difficulties that are routinely encountered in evaluating acquired data and reproducing scientific experiments. Indeed, studies have shown that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to repeat another scientist’s experiments, while more than half have even failed to reproduce their own experiments1. One factor behind the reproducibility crisis of experiments published in scientific journals is the frequent underreporting of imaging methods caused by a lack of awareness and/or a lack of knowledge of the applied technique2,3. Whereas quality control procedures for some methods used in biomedical research, such as genomics (e.g., DNA sequencing, RNA-seq) or cytometry, have been introduced (e.g. ENCODE4), this issue has not been tackled for optical microscopy instrumentation and images. Although many calibration standards and protocols have been published, there is a lack of awareness and agreement on common Standards and guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility5. In April 2020, the QUality Assessment and REProducibility for instruments and images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi) initiative6 was formed. This initiative comprises imaging scientists from academia and industry who share a common interest in achieving a better understanding of the performance and limitations of microscopes and improved quality control (QC) in light microscopy. The ultimate goal of the QUAREP-LiMi initiative is to establish a set of common QC standards, guidelines, metadata models7,8, and tools9,10, including detailed protocols, with the ultimate aim of improving reproducible advances in scientific research. This White Paper 1) summarizes the major obstacles identified in the field that motivated the launch of the QUAREP-LiMi initiative; 2) identifies the urgent need to address these obstacles in a grassroots manner, through a community of Stakeholders including, researchers, imaging scientists11, bioimage analysts, bioimage informatics developers, corporate partners, Funding agencies, standards organizations, scientific publishers, and observers of such; 3) outlines the current actions of the QUAREPLiMi initiative, and 4) proposes future steps that can be taken to improve the dissemination and acceptance of the proposed guidelines to manage QC. To summarize, the principal goal of the QUAREP-LiMi initiative is to improve the overall quality and reproducibility of light microscope image data by introducing broadly accepted standard practices and accurately captured image data metrics. KW - Fluorescence KW - Microscopy KW - Quality assurance KW - Comparability KW - Imaging KW - Standards KW - Reference materials KW - Reliability KW - Data KW - Reference data KW - Biology KW - Medicine KW - Life science PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-530629 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13041 SN - 1365-2818 VL - 284 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 73 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-53062 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trimpin, Sarah A1 - Yenchick, Frank S. A1 - Lee, Chuping A1 - Hoang, Khoa A1 - Pophristic, Milan A1 - Karki, Santosh A1 - Marshall, Darrell D. A1 - Lu, I-Chung A1 - Lutomski, Corinne A. A1 - El-Baba, Tarick J. A1 - Wang, Beixi A1 - Pagnotti, Vincent S. A1 - Meher, Anil K. A1 - Chakrabarty, Shubhashis A1 - Imperial, Lorelei F. A1 - Madarshahian, Sara A1 - Richards, Alicia L. A1 - Lietz, Christopher B. A1 - Moreno-Pedraza, Abigail A1 - Leach, Samantha M. A1 - Gibson, Stephen C. A1 - Elia, Efstathios A. A1 - Thawoos, Shameemah M. A1 - Woodall, Daniel W. A1 - Jarois, Dean R. A1 - Davis, Eric T.J. A1 - Liao, Guochao A1 - Muthunayake, Nisansala S. A1 - Redding, McKenna J. A1 - Reynolds, Christian A. A1 - Anthony, Thilani M. A1 - Vithanarachchi, Sashiprabha M. A1 - DeMent, Paul A1 - Adewale, Adeleye O. A1 - Yan, Lu A1 - Wager-Miller, James A1 - Ahn, Young-Hoon A1 - Sanderson, Thomas H. A1 - Przyklenk, Karin A1 - Greenberg, Miriam L. A1 - Suits, Arthur G. A1 - Allen, Matthew J. A1 - Narayan, Srinivas B. A1 - Caruso, Joseph A. A1 - Stemmer, Paul M. A1 - Nguyen, Hien M. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Rackers, Kevin J. A1 - Djuric, Ana A1 - Shulaev, Vladimir A1 - Hendrickson, Tamara L. A1 - Chow, Christine S. A1 - Pflum, Mary Kay H. A1 - Grayson, Scott M. A1 - Lobodin, Vladislav V. A1 - Guo, Zhongwu A1 - Ni, Chi-Kung A1 - Walker, J. Michael A1 - Mackie, Ken A1 - Inutan, Ellen D. A1 - McEwen, Charles N. T1 - New Processes for Ionizing Nonvolatile Compounds in Mass Spectrometry: The Road of Discovery to Current State-of-the-Art N2 - This Perspective covers discovery and mechanistic aspects aswell as initial applications of novel ionization processes for use in massspectrometry that guided us in a series of subsequent discoveries, instrumentdevelopments, and commercialization. Vacuum matrix-assisted ionization onan intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization sourcewithout the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy wassimply unbelievable, at first. Individually and as a whole, the variousdiscoveries and inventions started to paint, inter alia, an exciting new pictureand outlook in mass spectrometry from which key developments grew thatwere at the time unimaginable, and continue to surprise us in its simplisticpreeminence. We, and others, have demonstrated exceptional analyticalutility. Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes throughdedicated platforms and source developments. These ionization processes convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solid orliquid matrixes into gas-phase ions for analysis by mass spectrometry using, e.g., mass-selected fragmentation and ion mobilityspectrometry to provide accurate, and sometimes improved, mass and drift time resolution. The combination of research anddiscoveries demonstrated multiple advantages of the new ionization processes and established the basis of the successes that lead tothe Biemann Medal and this Perspective. How the new ionization processes relate to traditional ionization is also presented, as wellas how these technologies can be utilized in tandem through instrument modification and implementation to increase coverage ofcomplex materials through complementary strengths. KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.3c00122 SN - 1879-1123 VL - 35 IS - 12 SP - 2753 EP - 2784 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-61417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belsey, N. A. A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Minelli, C. A1 - Araujo, J. R. A1 - Bock, B. A1 - Brüner, P. A1 - Castner, D. G. A1 - Ceccone, G. A1 - Counsell, J. D. P. A1 - Dietrich, Paul M. A1 - Engelhardt, M. H. A1 - Fearn, S. A1 - Galhardo, C. E. A1 - Kalbe, H. A1 - Kim, J. W. A1 - Lartundo-Rojas, L. A1 - Luftman, H. S. A1 - Nunney, T. S. A1 - Pseiner, J. A1 - Smith, E. F. A1 - Spampinato, V. A1 - Sturm, J. M. A1 - Thomas, A. G. A1 - Treacy, J. P. W. A1 - Veith, L. A1 - Wagstaffe, M. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Wang, Y.-C. A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Yang, L. A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS N2 - We report the results of a Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage, or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53%. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67%. However, variability of 12% was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors since this contributed a variability of 33%. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10% in thickness, and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films, and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results. KW - VAMAS KW - Interlaboratory Study KW - Nanoparticle coating KW - XPS KW - LEIS KW - shell thicknss and chemistry PY - 2016 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 IS - 120 SP - 24070 EP - 24079 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-38428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tannenberg, Robert A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Gande, S. L. A1 - Sreeramulu, S. A1 - Saxena, K. A1 - Richter, C. A1 - Schwalbe, H. A1 - Swart, C. A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Chemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) N2 - Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing cardiac vascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study presents a proof-of-concept chemiluminescence-based immunosensor for rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI, with the potential for online monitoring. The immunosensor incorporates a flow cell design and a sensitive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera for optical readout. A microfluidic setup was established to enable selective and quasi-online determination of cTnI within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer, demonstrating measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) achieved using the optimized system. The immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, as no cross-reactivity was observed with other recombinant proteins such as cTnT and cTnC at a concentration of 16 µg/L. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum yielded an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively. This biosensor offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of cTnI, contributing to the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiac vascular diseases. N2 - Das kardiale Troponin I (cTnI) ist ein wichtiger Biomarker für die Diagnose von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, einschließlich des akuten Myokardinfarkts (AMI). In dieser Studie wird ein auf Chemilumineszenz basierender Immunsensor für die schnelle und genaue Messung von cTnI vorgestellt, der das Potenzial für eine Online-Überwachung hat. Der Immunsensor besteht aus einer Durchflusszelle und einer empfindlichen CMOS-Kamera (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) zur optischen Detektion. Es wurde ein mikrofluidischer Aufbau entwickelt, der eine selektive und quasi Online-Bestimmung von cTnI innerhalb von zehn Minuten ermöglicht. Der Sensor wurde mit rekombinantem cTnI in Phosphatpuffer getestet und zeigte einen Messbereich von 2-25 µg/L, wobei mit dem optimierten System eine Nachweisgrenze (LoD) von 0,6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) erreicht wurde. Der Immunsensor zeigte eine hohe Selektivität, da keine Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen rekombinanten Proteinen wie cTnT und cTnC bei einer Konzentration von 16 µg/L beobachtet wurde. Messungen mit verdünntem Blutplasma und Serum ergaben einen LoD von 60 µg/L (2,4 nmol/L) bzw. 70 µg/L (2,9 nmol/L). Dieser Biosensor bietet einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für den schnellen und empfindlichen Nachweis von cTnI, der zur Diagnose und Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarkts und anderer kardialer Gefäßerkrankungen beitragen kann. KW - Acute myocardial infarction KW - Heart attack KW - Emergency KW - Diagnosis KW - Cardiac troponin KW - Biomarker KW - Immunosensor KW - Biosensor KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Luminol KW - Peroxidase KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Flow injection immunoassay KW - Immunometric assay KW - Immunometric biosensor KW - Microfluidic system KW - Monolithic column KW - Online biosensor PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575471 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040455 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-57547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, R. A1 - Féron, D. A1 - Mills, D. A1 - Ritter, S. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - de Graeve, I. A1 - Dugstad, A. A1 - Grassini, S. A1 - Hack, T. A1 - Halama, M. A1 - Han, E.-H. A1 - Harder, T. A1 - Hinds, G. A1 - Kittel, J. A1 - Krieg, R. A1 - Leygraf, C. A1 - Martinelli, L. A1 - Mol, A. A1 - Neff, D. A1 - Nilsson, J.-O. A1 - Odnevall, I. A1 - Paterson, S. A1 - Paul, S. A1 - Prošek, T. A1 - Raupach, M. A1 - Revilla, R. I. A1 - Ropital, F. A1 - Schweigart, H. A1 - Szala, E. A1 - Terryn, H. A1 - Tidblad, J. A1 - Virtanen, S. A1 - Volovitch, P. A1 - Watkinson, D. A1 - Wilms, M. A1 - Winning, G. A1 - Zheludkevich, M. T1 - Corrosion challenges towards a sustainable society N2 - A global transition towards more sustainable, affordable and reliable energy systems is being stimulated by the Paris Agreement and the United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This poses a challenge for the corrosion industry, as building climate‐resilient energy systems and infrastructures brings with it a long‐term direction, so as a result the long‐term behaviour of structural materials (mainly metals and alloys) becomes a major prospect. With this in mind “Corrosion Challenges Towards a Sustainable Society” presents a series of cases showing the importance of corrosion protection of metals and alloys in the development of energy production to further understand the science of corrosion, and bring the need for research and the consequences of corrosion into public and political focus. This includes emphasis on the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions, on the lifetime of infrastructures, implants, cultural heritage artefacts, and a variety of other topics. KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion costs KW - Corrosion protection KW - Preventive strategies PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554801 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202213140 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 73 IS - 11 SP - 1730 EP - 1751 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-55480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ankli, P.P. A1 - Ali, A. A1 - Hodzic, S. A1 - Logachov, A. A1 - Maciejczuk, K. A1 - Milochiv, A. A1 - Hardy, S. A1 - Hardy, B. A1 - Novak, S. A1 - Kranjc, E. A1 - Kononenko, V. A1 - Saje, S. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Akmal, Loay A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Rossi, A. A1 - Alladio, E. A1 - Sordello, F. A1 - Gulumian, M. A1 - Valsami-Jones, E. A1 - Andraos, C. A1 - Wepener, V. A1 - Jurkschat, K. A1 - Jones, E. A1 - Singh, D. A1 - Ibrahim, B. A1 - van der Zande, M. A1 - Fernandez-Poulussen, D. A1 - Queipo, P. A1 - Drobne, D. T1 - Data management for image-based characterisation of 2D nano-materials N2 - The ACCORDs project, funded through Horizon Europe, is pioneering a novel approach to investigate Graphene Family Materials (GFMs) through image analysis. Our aim is to unveil how these materials might influence health and the environment. To achieve this, we are developing a platform designed for the easy retrieval, access, sharing, and utilisation of GFM data and the coordination between biological and physico-chemical data formats. Integral to this platform is an OMERO-based library for image storage, alongside data collection forms and image analysis tools. Efforts are underway to streamline the process for researchers to upload and disseminate their findings, manage information within a database and navigate the data with ease. Adhering to REMBI guidelines, which set the standard for annotating biological images with metadata, we ensure our data collection is comprehensive and adheres to established best practices. Initially, we are employing thresholding and basic machine learning techniques for image segmentation, laying the groundwork for advanced analysis through deep learning to gain more profound insights. Upon completion, the project will deliver a comprehensive platform facilitating efficient data and image management concerning GFMs. This platform will enable the straightforward discovery and use of protocols and results, all organised in accordance with the FAIR principles – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. This initiative is poised to significantly impact materials science, enhancing our comprehension of the safety and environmental implications of 2D materials. KW - Graphene KW - Image analysis KW - Data management PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.655 VL - 399 SP - S271 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61011 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anderhalten, L. A1 - Silva, R. V. A1 - Morr, A. A1 - Wang, S. A1 - Smorodchenko, A. A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Mueller, S. A1 - Boehm-Sturm, P. A1 - Rodriguez-Sillke, Y. A1 - Kunkel, D. A1 - Hahndorf, J. A1 - Paul, F. A1 - Taupitz, M. A1 - Sack, I. A1 - Infante-Duarte, C. T1 - Different Impact of Gadopentetate and Gadobutrol on Inflammation-Promoted Retention and Toxicity of Gadolinium Within the Mouse Brain N2 - Objectives: Using a murine model of multiple sclerosis, we previously showed that repeated administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine led to retention of gadolinium (Gd) within cerebellar structures and that this process was enhanced with inflammation. This study aimed to compare the kinetics and retention profiles of Gd in inflamed and healthy brains after application of the macrocyclic Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadobutrol or the linear GBCA gadopentetate. Moreover, potential Gd-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in living hippocampal slices ex vivo. Materials and Methods: Mice at peak of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; n = 29) and healthy control mice (HC; n = 24) were exposed to a cumulative dose of 20 mmol/kg bodyweight of either gadopentetate dimeglumine or gadobutrol (8 injections of 2.5 mmol/kg over 10 days). Magnetic resonance imaging (7 T) was performed at baseline as well as at day 1, 10, and 40 post final injection (pfi) of GBCAs. Mice were sacrificed after magnetic resonance imaging and brain and blood Gd content was assessed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-mass spectrometry (MS) and ICP-MS, respectively. In addition, using chronic organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, Gd-induced neurotoxicity was addressed in living brain tissue ex vivo, both under control or inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] at 50 ng/μL) conditions. Results: Neuroinflammation promoted a significant decrease in T1 relaxation times after multiple injections of both GBCAs as shown by quantitative T1 mapping of EAE brains compared with HC. This corresponded to higher Gd retention within the EAE brains at 1, 10, and 40 days pfi as determined by laser ablation-ICP-MS. In inflamed cerebellum, in particular in the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN), elevated Gd retention was observed until day 40 after last gadopentetate application (CN: EAE vs HC, 55.06 ± 0.16 μM vs 30.44 ± 4.43 μM). In contrast, gadobutrol application led to a rather diffuse Gd content in the inflamed brains, which strongly diminished until day 40 (CN: EAE vs HC, 0.38 ± 0.08 μM vs 0.17 ± 0.03 μM). The analysis of cytotoxic effects of both GBCAs using living brain tissue revealed an elevated cell death rate after incubation with gadopentetate but not gadobutrol at 50 mM. The cytotoxic effect due to gadopentetate increased in the presence of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α (with vs without TNF-α, 3.15% ± 1.18% vs 2.17% ± 1.14%; P = 0.0345). Conclusions: In the EAE model, neuroinflammation promoted increased Gd retention in the brain for both GBCAs. Whereas in the inflamed brains, efficient clearance of macrocyclic gadobutrol during the investigated time period was observed, the Gd retention after application of linear gadopentetate persisted over the entire observational period. Gadopentetate but not gadubutrol appeared to be neurotoxic in an ex vivo paradigm of neuronal inflammation. KW - Imaging KW - ICP-MS KW - Gadolinium KW - Contrast agent KW - Laser ablation KW - Brain KW - Multiple sclerosis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546910 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000884 SN - 0020-9996/22/0000–0000 VL - 57 IS - 10 SP - 677 EP - 688 PB - Wolters Kluwer N.V. CY - Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-54691 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, S. A1 - Palani, I. A. A1 - Paul, C. P. A1 - Funk, Alexander A1 - Gokuldoss, P. K. T1 - Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of NiTi 4D Structures: Influence of Interlayer Delay N2 - Shape memory alloy structures for actuator and vibration damper applications may be manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (W AAM), which is one of the additive manufacturing technologies. Multilayer deposition causes heat accumulation during W AAM, which rises the preheat temperature of the previously created layer. This leads to process instabilities, which result in deviations from the desired dimensions and mechanical properties changes. During W AAM deposition of the wall structure, a systematic research is carried out by adjusting the interlayer delay from 10 to 30 s. When the delay period is increased from 10 to 30 s, the breadth decreases by 45% and the height increases by 33%. Grain refinement occurs when the interlayer delay duration is increased, resulting in better hardness, phase transformation temperature, compressive strength, and shape recovery behavior. This study shows how the interlayer delay affects the behavior of W AAM-built nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) structures in a variety of applications. KW - Wire are additive manufacturing KW - Shape memory alloy KW - Nitinol KW - Interlayer delay PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2021.0296 SN - 2329-7662 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle, NY AN - OPUS4-55795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Darlatt, Erik A1 - Nefedov, A. A1 - Traulsen, C.H.-H. A1 - Poppenberg, J. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Dietrich, Paul A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Illgen, René A1 - Kühn, Julius A1 - Schalley, C.A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Interperetation of experimental N K NEXAFS of azide, 1,2,3-triazole and terpyridyl groups by DFT spectrum simulations N2 - Experimental N K-edge NEXAFS data of surface immobilized azide, 1,2,3-triazole and terpyridyl groups are interpreted with the help of DFT spectrum simulations. Assignments of π* resonances in experimental N K-edge NEXAFS spectra to nitrogen atoms within these functional groups have been made. The azide was immobilized on gold as the head group of a thiol SAM, 1,2,3-triazole was formed on this SAM by click reaction and terpyridyl groups were introduced as substituents of the acetylene used for the click reaction. For azide-terminated molecules, DFT spectrum simulations are found to be useful to find measurement conditions delivering experimental N K-edge NEXAFS data with negligible X-ray damage. The 1,2,3-triazole group is found to be rather stable under X-ray irradiation. KW - N K-edge NEXAFS KW - XANES KW - Surface click chemistry KW - Density functional theory KW - Azide KW - 1,2,3-Triazole PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.09.008 SN - 0368-2048 SN - 1873-2526 VL - 185 IS - 12 SP - 621 EP - 624 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Tobias A1 - Dietrich, Paul A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Ray, S. A1 - Nutsch, A. A1 - Shard, A. A1 - Beckhoff, B. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Quantification of variable functional-group densities of mixed-silane monolayers on surfaces via a dual-mode fluorescence and XPS label N2 - The preparation of aminated monolayers with a controlled density of functional groups on silica surfaces through a simple vapor deposition process employing different ratios of two suitable monoalkoxysilanes, (3-aminopropyl)diisopropylethoxysilane (APDIPES) and (3-cyanopropyl)dimethylmethoxysilane (CPDMMS), and advances in the reliable quantification of such tailored surfaces are presented here. The one-step codeposition process was carried out with binary silane mixtures, rendering possible the control over a wide range of densities in a single step. In particular, APDIPES constitutes the functional silane and CPDMMS the inert component. The procedure requires only small amounts of silanes, several ratios can be produced in a single batch, the deposition can be carried out within a few hours and a dry atmosphere can easily be employed, limiting self-condensation of the silanes. Characterization of the ratio of silanes actually bound to the surface can then be performed in a facile manner through contact angle measurements using the Cassie equation. The reliable estimation of the number of surface functional groups was approached with a dual-mode BODIPY-type fluorescence label, which allows quantification by fluorescence and XPS on one and the same sample. We found that fluorescence and XPS signals correlate over at least 1 order of magnitude, allowing for a direct linking of quantitative fluorescence analysis to XPS quantification. Employment of synchrotron-based methods (XPS; reference-free total reflection X-ray fluorescence, TXRF) made the traceable quantification of surface functional groups possible, providing an absolute reference for quantitative fluorescence measurements through a traceable measurement chain. KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Fluoreszenz KW - XPS KW - TXRF KW - Funktionelle Gruppen PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac503850f SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 87 IS - 5 SP - 2685 EP - 2692 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-34470 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caetano, D. M. A1 - Rabuske, T. A1 - Fernandes, J. A1 - Pelkner, Matthias A1 - Fermon, C. A1 - Cardoso, S. A1 - Ribes, B. A1 - Franco, F. A1 - Paul, J. A1 - Piedade, M. A1 - Freitas, P. P. T1 - High-Resolution Nondestructive Test Probes Based on Magnetoresistive N2 - This paper discloses two high-sensitivity probes for Eddy Current Nondestructive Test (NDT) of buried and surface defects. These probes incorporate eight and 32 magnetoresistive sensors, respectively, which are optimized for high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The signal processing and interfacing are carried out by a full-custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC signal chain performs with a thermal input-referred noise of 30 nV/√Hz at 1 kHz, with 66 mW of power consumption, in a die with 3.7 × 3.4 mm 2 . NDT results are presented, showing that there is an increase in spatial resolution of surface defects when contrasted to prior art, enabling the probes to resolve defects with diameters of 0.44 mm, pitches of 0.6 mm, and minimum edge distance as low as 0.16 mm. The results also show that the probe for buried defects is a good all-round tool for detection of defects under cladding and multiple-plate flat junctions. KW - ASIC KW - Magnetoresistive sensor KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Eddy current testing KW - High resolution PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2879306 VL - 66 IS - 9 SP - 7326 EP - 7337 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-48239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Guhl, Svetlana A1 - Gottu Mukkula, A. R. A1 - Holtkamp, M. A1 - Salge, M. A1 - Fleischer, C. A1 - Weber, N. A1 - Engell, S. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Pereira Remelhe, M. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Flexible automation with compact NMR spectroscopy for continuous production of pharmaceuticals N2 - Modular plants using intensified continuous processes represent an appealing concept for the production of pharmaceuticals. It can improve quality, safety, sustainability, and profitability compared to batch processes; besides, it enables plug-and-produce reconfiguration for fast product changes. To facilitate this flexibility by real-time quality control, we developed a solution that can be adapted quickly to new processes and is based on a compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The NMR sensor is a benchtop device enhanced to the requirements of automated chemical production including robust evaluation of sensor data. Beyond monitoring the product quality, online NMR data was used in a new iterative optimization approach to maximize the plant profit and served as a reliable reference for the calibration of a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The overall approach was demonstrated on a commercial-scale pilot plant using a metal-organic reaction with pharmaceutical relevance. KW - NMR Spectroscopy KW - NIR Spectroscopy KW - Real-time process monitoring KW - Real-time quality control KW - Continuous processes KW - CONSENS KW - Data Fusion PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-480623 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01752-y SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 411 IS - 14 SP - 3037 EP - 3046 PB - Springer Nature CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-48062 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, P. A1 - Bondarenko, S. A1 - Mai, C. A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Mai, A. T1 - CMOS-Compatible Silicon Photonic Sensor for Refractive Index Sensing Using Local Back-Side Release N2 - Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. The sensor is based on a micro-ring resonator and is fabricated on wafer-level using a CMOS technology. We revealed a ring resonator sensitivity for homogeneous sensing of 106 nm/RIU. KW - Photonic biosensor KW - Lab-on-a-chip KW - Ring resonator KW - Resonance wavelength shift KW - PIC technology KW - Back-side integration PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517139 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2020.3019114 VL - 32 IS - 19 SP - 1241 EP - 1244 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-51713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Mai, C. A1 - Böhme, A. A1 - Bondarenko, S. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Mai, A. T1 - A monolithically integrated microfluidic channel in a silicon-based photonic-integrated-circuit technology for biochemical sensing N2 - In this work, a cost-effective optofluidic system is proposed and preliminary experimental results are presented. A microfluidic channel monolithically integrated into a photonic integrated circuit technology is used in conjunction with a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate to provide fluidic in- and output ports. We report on initial experimental results as well as on the simple and cost-effective fabrication of this optofluidic system by means of micro-milling. KW - Biosensors KW - Biophotonics KW - Optical sensors KW - Photonic sensors KW - Ring resonators KW - Silicon photonics KW - Lab-on-a-chip KW - Microfluidics KW - Chip KW - Biochip PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588791 VL - 11772 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-53559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhuang, Y. A1 - Spahr, S. A1 - Lutze, H.V. A1 - Reith, C.J. A1 - Hagemann, N. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Haderlein, S.B. T1 - Persulfate activation by biochar and iron: Effect of chloride on formation of reactive species and transformation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) N2 - Fenton-like processes using persulfate for oxidative water treatment and contaminant removal can be enhanced by the addition of redox-active biochar, which accelerates the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and increases the yield of reactive species that react with organic contaminants. However, available data on the formation of non-radical or radical species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system are inconsistent, which limits the evaluation of treatment efficiency and applicability in different water matrices. Based on competition kinetics calculations, we employed different scavengers and probe compounds to systematically evaluate the effect of chloride in presence of organic matter on the formation of major reactive species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system for the transformation of the model compound N,N‑diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) at pH 2.5. We show that the transformation of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) to methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO2) cannot serve as a reliable indicator for Fe(IV), as previously suggested, because sulfate radicals also induce PMSO2 formation. Although the formation of Fe(IV) cannot be completely excluded, sulfate radicals were identified as the major reactive species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system in pure water. In the presence of dissolved organic matter, low chloride concentrations (0.1 mM) shifted the major reactive species likely to hydroxyl radicals. Higher chloride concentrations (1 mM), as present in a mining-impacted acidic surface water, resulted in the formation of another reactive species, possibly Cl2•−, and efficient DEET degradation. To tailor the application of this oxidation process, the water matrix must be considered as a decisive factor for reactive species formation and contaminant removal. KW - Water treatment KW - Organic contaminants KW - Fenton-like systems KW - Radicals KW - ESR PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608677 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122267 SN - 0043-1354 VL - 265 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Traulsen, Christoph Hans-Henning A1 - Darlatt, Erik A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Poppenberg, J. A1 - Traulsen, N.L. A1 - Linder, I. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Dietrich, Paul A1 - Dib, B. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schalley, C.A. T1 - The versatility of 'Click' reactions at surfaces: Molecular recognition at interfaces N2 - In order to investigate molecular recognition on surfaces, an azide-functionalized monolayer was deposited on gold. The monolayer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experiments and the decomposition of the azide upon irradiation with X-ray beams was investigated. Subsequently, various alkyne-functionalized host and guest molecules were attached to the azide by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. These modified surfaces and their host–guest chemistry were analysed by XPS and angle-resolved NEXAFS. The reversibility of guest binding was shown for one example as a proof of principle. KW - 'Click' reaction KW - Azide-terminated surfaces KW - SAMs KW - Host guest molecules KW - Molecular recognition at interfaces PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-306463 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA01730G SN - 2046-2069 VL - 4 IS - 34 SP - 17694 EP - 17702 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-30646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Bannick, C.G. A1 - Szewzyk, R. A1 - Ricking, M. A1 - Schniegler, S. A1 - Obermaier, N. A1 - Barthel, A. K. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Development and testing of a fractionated filtration for sampling of microplastics in water N2 - A harmonization of sampling, sample preparation and detection is pivotal in order to obtain comparable data on microplastics (MP) in the environment. This paper develops and proposes a suitable sampling concept for waterbodies that considers different plastic specific properties and influencing factors in the environment. Both artificial water including defined MP fractions and the discharge of a wastewater treatment plant were used to verify the derived sampling procedure, sample preparation and the subsequent analysis of MP using thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). A major finding of this paper is that an application of various particle size classes greatly improves the practical handling of the sampling equipment. Size classes also enable the TED-GC-MS to provide any data on the MP size distribution, a substantial sampling property affecting both the necessary sampling volume and the optimal sampling depth. In the artificial water with defined MP fractions, the recovery rates ranged from 80 to 110%, depending on the different MP types and MP size classes. In the treated wastewater, we found both Polyethylene and polystyrene in different size classes and quantities. KW - Microplastics KW - Sampling KW - Sampling techniques KW - Water PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.045 SN - 0043-1354 VL - 149 SP - 650 EP - 658 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-47200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, S.C. A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Van Zijl, G.P.A.G. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Acoustic emission for characterising the crack propagation in strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) N2 - This paper presents the analysis of crack propagation in strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) under tensile and flexural load by using acoustic emission (AE). AE is a non-destructive technique to monitor the development of structural damage due to external forces. The main objective of this research was to characterise the cracking behaviour in SHCC in direct tensile and flexural tests by using AE. A better understanding of the development of microcracks in SHCC will lead to a better understanding of pseudo strain-hardening behaviour of SHCC and its general performance. ARAMIS optical deformation analysis was also used in direct tensile tests to observe crack propagation in SHCC materials. For the direct tensile tests, SHCC specimens were prepared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre with three different volume percentages (1%, 1.85% and 2.5%). For the flexural test beam specimens, only a fibre dosage of 1.85% was applied. It was found that the application of AE in SHCC can be a good option to analyse the crack growth in the specimens under increasing load, the location of the cracks and most importantly the identification of matrix cracking and fibre rupture or slippage. KW - Acoustic emission KW - Crack Detection (B) KW - Microcracking (B) KW - Fibre Reinforcement (E) KW - Tensile Properties (C) PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.12.003 SN - 0008-8846 SN - 1873-3948 VL - 69 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-33579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -