TY - CONF A1 - Paganoni, S. A1 - D'Ayala, D. A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Hracov, S. A1 - Urushadze, S. A1 - Wünsche, M. A1 - Adami, C.-E. A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Moreira, S. A1 - Oliveira, D.V. A1 - James, P. A1 - Cóias e Silva, V. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Connections and dissipative systems with early warning N2 - The global response of historic buildings is determined by the behaviour of the single structural elements as well as by their mutual connections. Consequently, in the last decades a number of technical solutions for the improvement of structural connections have been developed in response to the increasing demand in the field of the seismic protection of heritage assets. At the same time, the experimental assessment of structural strengthening techniques is a well established practice both in the scientific community and among commercial producers. It is therefore surprising how testing of connections is rarely performed and very few codes of practice deal with it. Additionally, the few existing experimental procedures for testing connections are neither standardised nor easily accessible to end users. Within the work frame of the EU-funded NIKER project, Work Package 6 aims to address such technical gap through the development of procedures specific to the strengthening of structural connections of historic buildings. T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Seismic strengthening KW - Structural connections KW - Heritage buildings PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2888 EP - 2896 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27276 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Silva, B. A1 - Da Porto, F. A1 - Hracov, S. A1 - Pospisil, S. A1 - Adami, C.-E. A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Vasconcelos, G. A1 - Poletti, E. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures N2 - Different types of vertical elements, such as masonry, massive walls and timber frame elements, exhibit a different response exposed to the same loading scenario, in particular when it concerns dynamic loading. It is therefore paramount to investigate the principal response of different types of construction with different materials under a variety of loading scenarios. From there, the design of strengthening techniques against earthquakes can be performed. This paper presents the results from experiments, where various retrofitting techniques were tested. The goals were to define and improve laboratory procedures for evaluating the intervention technologies and specifications for laboratory specimens. From this base tests to characterise the experimental behaviour of original and strengthened masonry walls were performed, in order to obtain information on the system performance and the main constitutive laws relevant for modelling. The test campaigns were focused on static tests as well as cyclic tests of unreinforced and reinforced vertical building elements. The study is part of our work in the framework of the ongoing project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes. T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Stone masonry KW - Brick masonry KW - Earthen materials KW - Half timbered walls KW - Grouting PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2870 EP - 2878 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Pospísil, S. A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Hracov, S. T1 - Verhalten von Lehmstein- und Stampflehmwänden unter dynamischer Belastung und Effizienz von Bewehrungsmaßnahmen N2 - Lehmbauten repräsentieren einen bedeutenden Teil des kulturellen Erbes. Sie erfordern einen hohen Erhaltungsaufwand und wenngleich die Beschädigung sowie der Einsturz solcher Wohngebäude zum Verlust von Menschenleben führen, sind Erdbeben ebenso verheerend für das gebaute kulturelle Erbe in diesen Regionen. In der Tat wird es häufig übersehen, dass ein bedeutender Teil der Weltkulturerbestätten, die gefährdet sind, aus Lehm gebaut sind. T2 - Lehm 2012 - 6. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 05.10.2012 KW - Earth blocks KW - Rammed earth KW - Static loads KW - Dynamic loads KW - Cyclic tests PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-00-039649-6 IS - Session C SP - 122 EP - 133 AN - OPUS4-26935 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Paganoni, S. A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - D'Ayala, D. T1 - Pull-out strength of anchor pins for brickwork masonry and earth block masonry / Auszugsfestigkeit von Verpressankern für Ziegel- und Lehmsteinmauerwerk N2 - In this paper results of the experimental testing performed on brick masonry and earth block masonry are presented. The paper outlines the development of the testing procedures for two different types of anchors. For this purpose, two experimental campaigns of pull-out tests on masonry corner connections strengthened by metallic rod grouted were carried out. Experimental results proved that the implemented testing procedures are suitable to determine the most recurring failure modes of the anchor pins. Moreover, a procedure is proposed to estimate the capacity of grouted anchor pins based on experimental studies. N2 - Mit diesem Beitrag soll die experimentelle Beurteilung von Verpressankern für Mauerwerk vorgestellt werden. Es wurden zwei Versuchsserien mit Ankerauszugsversuchen an Mauerwerksecken aus Ziegel- und Lehmsteinmauerwerk durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass die gewählten Versuchsabläufe geeignet sind, die am häufigsten wiederkehrenden Versagensarten der Verpressanker zu bestimmen. Darüber hinaus wird eine Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglicht, die Traglast von Verpressankern auf Basis experimenteller Untersuchungen abzuschätzen. KW - Brickwork masonry KW - Earth block masonry KW - Anchor pins KW - Bond strength KW - Pull-out test PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201500669 SN - 1432-3427 SN - 1437-1022 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 383 EP - 393 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-34634 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Pospisil, S. T1 - Rammed earth walls strengthened with polyester fabric strips: Experimental analysis under in-plane cyclic loading N2 - This study analyses the mechanical behaviour under pseudo-dynamic loading of structural elements built in rammed earth and strengthened with polyester fabric strips. This strengthening technique was developed to exploit the strength potential of rammed earth and to solve its lack of tensile strength. For this reason, in-plane cyclic tests were carried out to investigate the shear behaviour of unstrengthened and strengthened walls. The strengthening technique requires low-tech equipment and workmanship, uses readily available, not expensive and industrially standardised materials. The experimental results were analysed in terms of stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity and equivalent viscous damping. Although the unstrengthened and strengthened walls confirmed a limited ductile behaviour, the findings confirm that the strengthening contributes to limit the spread of the diagonal cracks and provide an increase of strength in terms of horizontal load and displacement capacity. KW - Rammed earth KW - Pseudo-dynamic loads KW - Shear-compression tests KW - Strengthening KW - Polyester fabric strips PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.115 IS - 149 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-40497 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Paganoni, S. A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - D'Ayala, D. ED - Jäger, W. T1 - Verpressanker für den Erdbebenschutz von Gebäuden aus Mauerwerk - experimentelle Untersuchungen des Verbundverhaltens N2 - Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, das Verhalten von Verpressankern zu analysieren, die üblicherweise zur Verstärkung der Eckverbindung von Mauerwerkswänden eingesetzt werden. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen stand die Leistungsfähigkeit der Ankersysteme mit Bezug auf die Versagensarten und auf dem Traglastvermögen der Anker bei Ankerauszug durch gleichförmige Zugbelastung, die als Vereinfachung für die dynamische Belastung durch ein Erdbeben aufgebracht wurde. Die hier dargestellten Untersuchungen und Ergebnisse stellen eine Zusammenfassung von Arbeiten dar, über die bereits in Beiträgen berichtet wurde, die zum einen die Prüfverfahren für verstärkte Eckverbindungen von Gebäuden aus Mauerwerk und zum anderen die Verbundfestigkeit von Verpressankern in Wänden aus verschiedenen Lehmbautechniken zum Inhalt hatten. Sie geben dennoch einen Überblick über die Hauptversagensmechanismen von Verpressankersystemen und erweitern den Wissensstand bezüglich der Prüfung von Ankersystemen für Ziegel- und Lehmsteinmauerwerk. Darüber hinaus wird eine Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglicht, die Traglast von Verpressankern auf Basis experimenteller Untersuchungen abzuschätzen. KW - Verpressanker KW - Ziegelmauerwerk KW - Lehmsteinmauerwerk KW - Verbundfestigkeit KW - Ankerauszugsversuche KW - Ankertraglast PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-433-03106-3 SN - 0170-4958 SP - Kap. III, 293 EP - 308 PB - Ernst & Sohn AN - OPUS4-33430 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Valluzzi, M.R. A1 - Mazzon, N. A1 - Posipsil, S. A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Systemic improvement of overall seismic response N2 - Subassemblies and building models at reduced scale are tested on shaking table facilities. This experimental program is part of the project NIKER and constitutes the Work Package 7 (WP7): “Systemic improvement of overall seismic response”. The purpose of this WP is to define global intervention strategies through shaking table tests on both substructures and entire structures before and after intervention in order to check the performance of single elements and to characterize the seismic behaviour of whole buildings. The obtained results will also allow data for FE and analytical modelling to be obtained for both single elements and whole structures. The design and the testing protocol of both subassemblies and building models were based on the results obtained from the experimental campaigns carried out on individual vertical members (quasi-static tests), on horizontal elements (e.g. floors and roofs) and on connections between bearing elements, all these performed within the same project. The experiments summarized in this paper proved the efficiency of the investigated intervention techniques and provided fundamental data to calibrate analytical models, developed within the same project, in order to describe the seismic behaviour of historic structures both in unstrengthened and strengthened conditions. This paper provides a brief overview of the whole dynamic experimental campaign and introduces some key experimental results. T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Historic structures KW - Shaking table tests KW - Subassemblies KW - Scaled models PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2897 EP - 2905 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, C A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Braun, U A1 - Giovannozi, A A1 - Fadda, M A1 - Putzu, Mara A1 - Lorenzo, S A1 - Moscoso-Pérez, C A1 - Benismail, N A1 - Palma, C A1 - Almeida, J A1 - Mattarozzi, M A1 - Barbaresi, M A1 - Piergiovanni, M A1 - Masino, M A1 - Bianchi, F A1 - Careri, M A1 - v Bavel, B A1 - Maltseva, A A1 - Sillanpää, M A1 - Pröfrock, D A1 - Wippermann, D A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Harmonisation of sample preparation for microplastic analysis: Recovery rates of tablets containing microplastics as reference material for food and environmental matrix N2 - Microplastic are found ubiquitarians in the environment and food products. Up to now, their impact of risks on health and environment is still controversially discussed, but based on the precautionary principle alone, their presence should be monitored and emission should be reduced (see here also the status of existing EU regulations ). The crucial point is not only the reduction of microplastics pollution but also the introduction of legally binding, standardized procedures for their analysis. The limited availability of certified reference material as well as absence of standard operating procedures to identify, characterize and quantify microplastics according to number and mass have generated lack of comparability between different analytical methods and laboratories; but also, the need of time-consuming development of own protocols for each laboratory. Further on, harmonisation and standardisation of microplastics analysis requires specific reference materials that are used to validate the measurement and to ensure the comparability of results. In the first step, we developed tablets of a water-soluble matrix, containing defined numbers of microplastic particles or mass contents. These can be solved in water and can be handled as reference materials in bottled drinking water without additional sample preparation. These samples can be measured, using mass-based methods as thermo-analytical methods like thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) or pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and using umber-based methods as vibrational spectroscopy like Infrared and Raman directly after filtration. The aim of this work was to delevop standard operating procedure to measure microplastics in more complex matrices and to harmonise and compare different detection and characterization methods. In fact, these matrices require different additional treatments to allow a reliable quantification and identification of microplastics. T2 - SETAC Europe 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -