TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. T1 - Metal Detector Test Trials in Germany and Croatia - ITEP Project 2.1.1.2 T2 - MATEST 2003 NDT Achievements and Challenges CY - Brijuni-Pula, Croatia DA - 2003-09-28 KW - Demining KW - Metal detectors KW - Reliability tests KW - ROC diagrams KW - Test and evaluation KW - CWA07 PY - 2003 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1(?) EP - 15(?) AN - OPUS4-2784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Sieber, A. T1 - Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Reliability Assessment for Humanitarian Demining N2 - For safe and reliable demining it is necessary to determine the actual true performance of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. The subject to detect a hidden subject by penetrating physical interaction with the target is similar to that of non-destructive testing where it is looked for hidden cracks etc. in material via waves and rays. The non destructive testing profession is now about 100 years old and developed some procedures to check reliability of testing. Those principles like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false calls rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are analysed. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CEN BT 126 CWA07 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. A number of blind trials were accomplished within an ITEP project to learn about the necessary statistical layout of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance to selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in these investigations was on the influence of the human factor due to the degree of experience of the operators and the infulence of uncooperative soil. The correlation of the results of the physical parameter measurement and the statistical results is analysed in a first attempt. T2 - EUDEM2-SCOT conference on requirements and technologies for the detection, removal and neutralization of landmines and UXO CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Mueller_Eudem2003_1.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. VL - 1 SP - 233 EP - 241 AN - OPUS4-2785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Sieber, A. T1 - Performance Demonstration for Humanitarian Demining N2 - Because the demining process is always connected with a danger for human beings, it is necessary to make sure the proper functioning of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. Detecting a hidden target by penetrating physical interaction of rays or waves is similar to non-destructive testing. The non-destructive testing profession developed procedures to check the reliability of testing. These procedures, like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false call rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are used as a template. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CWA 14747: 2003 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. Within an ITEP project a number of blind trials were carried out to learn about the necessary statistical basis of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance for the selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in this first investigation was on the influence of the human factor due to the different degree of experience of the operators and the influence of the soil. PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2003-0004 SN - 0025-5300 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. VL - 45 IS - 11-12 SP - 504 EP - 512 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Bär, Sylke A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Wilrich, P.-Th. T1 - ITEP-Test Trials for Detection Reliability Assessment of Metal Detectors N2 - The total reliability of a mine searching system is driven by the triple of intrinsic capability, which describes the physical-technical basis capability, the application and environmental factors and the human factors. Some of them can be determined in laboratory measurements but the human factor and a part of environment conditions and their interaction with the device need to be treated statistically. That is why the test & evaluation procedure described in CEN CWA 14747:2003, includes in addition to parameter tests of metal detectors also the reliability or blind field tests under local conditions with local personnel. A series of three big field trials had been accomplished in the ITEP-project 2.1.1.2 “Reliability Model for Test & Evaluation of Metal Detectors” to specify the optimum conditions for reliable trial results with affordable effort. For each set of specific working conditions, characterized in terms of a combination of one mine type in one soil with one detector handled by local personnel, the searching system will show up a working performance in mine detection rates as a function of mine depth and show up a certain overall false call rate. During the ITEP-trials in Benkovac and Oberjettenberg the authors learnt to determine this function separately for each mine type in each soil, which is especially important for low metal mines in uncooperative soil which will be illustrated for the mine PMA2 in different types of soil. The question of representativeness for field conditions on the one hand and necessary statistical set up for the possibility to distinguish between individual detector performances is still under discussion. KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2005 UR - http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/8.2/rd/mueller.htm SN - 1533-9440 SN - 1533-6905 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. IS - 8.2 SP - 86 EP - 90 CY - Harrisonburg AN - OPUS4-6041 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bär, Sylke A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Guelle, D. ED - Harmon, R. S. T1 - Optimizing detector trials for humanitarian demining T2 - Conference 2004 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 2004-04-12 KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2004 SN - 0-8194-5338-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541124 SN - 1605-7422 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. N1 - Serientitel: SPIE proceedings series – Series title: SPIE proceedings series IS - 5415 SP - 1323 EP - 1334 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-6045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Elagin, Mstislav A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wilrich, P.-Th. T1 - Determination of reliability in demining and NDT N2 - The detection of defects in aircraft components or parts of a power plant or mines in the ground is connected with the task to distinguish between signals caused be the item searched for and noisy signals from other sources. The reliability of the system is the better the better the system is in detecting the wanted signal and avoiding false alarms caused by noise. It is usual to measure the reliability of diagnostic systems in terms of ROC-curves (Re-ceiver Operating Characteristics) and POD-curves (Probability of Detec-tion). The ROC curves describe the POD versus Probability of False Alarm with growing system sensitivity along the curve. POD curves describe the Probability of Detection for a fixed sensitivity for a variation of item sizes or depths. Reliability of the whole system is always a composition of the physics and technique, application influences and the human factors. For the scien-tific understanding and possibilities of improvement, decomposition accord-ing to a modular model is helpful. The authors present their experiences with the reliability evaluation of metal detectors for humanitarian demining and an NDT system of mechanized ultrasonic phased array testing of copper welds. The special concern in demining is the influence of soil types, detec-tors and the experiences of human beings. T2 - MATEST 2004 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2004-10-14 KW - Flaw Detection KW - Mine Detection KW - Prohability of Detection KW - Receiver Operating Characteristics KW - Metal Detector Test Trials PY - 2004 SN - 953-96225-9-X N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 183 EP - 201 AN - OPUS4-6047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Wilrich, P.-Th. A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - ITEP project 2.1.1.2 - Final report - Reliability model for test and evaluation of metal detectors N2 - Metal detectors used in demining have been tested within the frame of the International Test and Evaluation Programme project ITEP 2.1.1.2. Detection reliability tests were performed in accordance with the CEN workshop agreement describing specifications for test and evaluation (CWA 14747:2003). Results of these tests are aimed to verify and should help to optimise the proposed testing procedures. KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2004 UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Itep_no2.1.1.2_reliability_model.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1 EP - 51 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-6049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Heidt, Heinrich A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Takahashi, K. A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - Progress in evaluating the reliability of NDE systems - Paradigm shift N2 - The paper will give an overview of new methodology for evaluating the reliability of NDE systems accurately, reliably and efficiently in accordance with the specific requirements of industrial application. After a review of the substantive issues from the previous workshops, the go forward guidance from these interactions is considered. At the beginning of the reliability analysis, the actual safety demands have to be defined in order to fit the investigation to the level of risk when the component would fail. Next, all the essential influencing parameters need to be documented and transferred to an appropriate design of experiments (DOE) to determine the reliability in terms of a qualitative assessment for lower risk or in terms of a quantitative probability of detection (POD) or ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curves for higher safety demands. A new paradigm is offered to consider the POD or reliability of the system as a function of the configuration of input variables and use it for optimisation rather than for a final judgement. An advantage for the end user is also to sample all single PODs to an integral 'Volume POD' of a part. Among the influencing parameters, the human factor is the most important one. A systematic psychological approach shall help to find out where the bottlenecks are but most importantly to provide best possible working conditions for the human inspectors. T2 - 4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2009-06-24 KW - Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen KW - Multiparameter POD PY - 2009 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/reliability2009/Inhalt/we1a2.pdf SN - 978-3-940283-17-7 IS - DGZfP-BB 116 SP - 1 EP - 13 AN - OPUS4-20616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Heidt, Heinrich A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Takahashi, K. A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - Fortschritte bei der Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen N2 - Es werden die Fortschritte bei der Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen in den vergangenen 10 Jahren vorgestellt. Der modulare Ansatz bzw. die systematische Auflistung aller wesentlichen Einflussfaktoren stehen am Anfang jeder Bewertung, die jeweils spezifisch für einen industriellen bzw. Feldeinsatz angelegt wird. Weiterhin legt die zu Grunde liegende Sicherheitsanforderung fest, ob ein exaktes quantitatives statistisches Ergebnis z. B. für die Fehlergröße, die mit hoher Sicherheit detektiert wird angestrebt wird oder ob man sich mit einer qualitativen Abschätzung zufrieden geben kann. Moderne Werkzeuge wie das 'Design of Experiments' (Statistische Versuchsplanung), die Volumen-POD für ein Bauteil als ganzes oder auch die systematische psychologische Betrachtung des menschlichen Faktors unterstützen die Treffsicherheit der Untersuchung für den gewünschten Einsatzfall. Die Ergebnisse der ZfP-Prüfungen können immer nur so gut sein, wie der Mensch mit den Bedingungen zurechtkommt. Weiterhin kann die POD im Zusammenhang mit den Prozessparametern als helfendes Optimierungswerkzeug eingesetzt werden und nicht als endgültige Be(Ver)urteilung. Es werden Beispiele aus Bereichen der Energieerzeugung und Endlagerung präsentiert. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2009 CY - Münster, Deutschland DA - 2009-05-18 KW - POD KW - ROC KW - Paradigmenshift KW - Optimierung KW - Human factor PY - 2009 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp2009/Inhalt/mo3c2.pdf SN - 978-3-940283-16-0 IS - DGZfP-BB 115 (Mo.3.C.2) SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-20619 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -